Circular Economy - Sustainable Flows in Agriculture

Circular Economy - Sustainable Flows in Agriculture

@MetabolicHQBudapest, Dutch Embassy in Hungary

12.12.2016

METABOLIC

THOMAS MASONSustainability consultant

[email protected]+31 (0) 617 065 996

METABOLICMetabolic is a systems consulting and cleantech development

firm. We develop holistic, replicable models for transitioning cities, agriculture, and industry to a sustainable state.

Systems thinking

Circular Economy - Sustainable Flows in Noord-Oost Brabant

CURRENT PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

for food

for feed

7.4 trillion m3

water

200 M tonnes fertilisers

4.4 M tonnes pesticides

8.776

1.5

31

million tonnes

billion ha

billion animals

for food

global workforce50%

45%

7.4 2004.4

33%

trillion m³ water

M tonnes fertilisers

M tonnes pesticides

for feed


Animals

FODDERPRODUCTION

1.0 billion tonnes

ANIMALS ANIMALPROCESSING **

FOOD

OTHER USES

CEREALPRODUCTION

2.34 billion tonnes

SUGAR CROPSPRODUCTION

2.08 billion tonnesOIL CAKES

SUGAR

ALCOHOL

VEGETABLEOILS

OIL CROPSPRODUCTION

549 million tonnes

STARCHY ROOTSPRODUCTION

1.5 million tonnes

WASTE

FIBRES32.2 million tonnes

PULSES68 million tonnes

FRUITS631 million tonnes

OTHER61 million tonnes

VEGETABLESPRODUCTION1 billion tonnes

FEED23 million

tonnes

FISH119.4 million

tonnes

CRUSTACEANS& MOLLUSCS

35 milliontonnes

ALGAE21.8 million

tonnes

OTHER3.5 million

tonnes

MEAT296 million

tonnes

MILK798 million

tonnes

EGGS70,4 million

tonnes

FATS 22,7 million

tonnesOTHER 5 milliontonnes

PACIFICOCEAN

ATLANTICOCEAN

INDIANOCEAN

ARCTICOCEAN

SOUTHERNOCEAN AQUACULTURE *

PERMANENTPASTURE

3.3 billion ha

ARABLE LAND1.5 billion ha

4.69 milliontonnes

854 milliontonnes

500 milliontonnes

1.0 billiontonnes

PROCESSING

** The total volume of processed animal products is not clear,and has not been included in this overview

* The total area used for global aquaculture is not clear, and has not been included in this overview

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION (tonnes)

PRIMARY PRODUCTION(tonnes)

LAND USE (hectares)


CIRCULAR ECONOMYAn industrial system that is restorative by design


CIRCULAR BUSINESS MODELS

Power of the inner circle

• Pay per use• Repair• Waste reduction• Sharing platforms

• Performance based contracting• Take back guarantees• Resale• Refurbishment

• Upcycling• Recycling• Collaborating with other parties

• Single materials• Certified materials• Circular procurement/sourcing of materials

The power of pure inputs

Power of cascaded use

The power of circling longer


CIRCULAR AGRICULTURE

Zero waste• All resources are beneficially cycled throughout the

system at the highest value possible.• Resource extraction and use (water, minerals, land) is

within sustainable boundaries.

Within planetary boundaries• No planetary boundaries are crossed as a result of

activities in the food system.

Symbiotic by design• Agricultural systems are designed more like complex

ecosystems with interactingn components rather than as monocultures. They take advantage of ecological niches with plants, animals, insects, and fungi operating successfully together and contributing to food supply.

• There is a close relationship between consumers and the production chain.

• Cities and other human habitations are physically linked to production areas for the benefit of nutrient cycle closure, minimizing transport, and reducing losses and waste.

How to achieve this?


A CIRCULAR VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE FLOWS IN NOORD-OOST BRABANT


NPK

N

P

POTATOES174.000 tonsGRAINS34.000 tons

LEGUMES117 tons

VEGETABLES199.000 tons

FRUIT11.000 tons

AGRICTULTURE & HORTICULTURE

SUGAR BEETS145 tons

WASTE STREAMS

ANIMAL &VEGETABLE WASTE76%

SALT8%

MINERALS8%OTHER

8%

COMPOSTING32%

FEED19%

LANDFILL3%

INCINERATION37%

DIGESTION9%

WASTE PROCESSING

LIVESTOCK

MEAT437.000 tons

MILK691.000 tons

EGGS51.000 tons

AGRICULTURE & HORTICULTURE18.000 ha

418.262 tons

GRASSLAND34.000 ha

FEED

4.6 million tons

HOUSED ANIMALS

GRAZING LIVESTOCK

EXPORT

EXPORT

ANTIBIOTICS

1.600 million doses

NPP FRACTION IN MANURE≤53.000 tons

NPP

3.3 million tons

NORTHEAST

BRABANT

CONSUMERS

NPP IN MANURE

35.000 tons

NPP IN MANURE

73.000 tons

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY

Northeast Brabant

WASTE STREAMS

452.000 tons

DISTRIBUTION &

PROCESSING

WASTE PROCESSING

FOOD IMPORT

unknown tonnage

1.2 million tons

FEED AGRICULTURE23.000 ha

IMPORT

FEED TRADE

EXPORT

NL

12.000 tons1.400 tons

1.200 tons

800 tons

24.000 tons

16.000 tons

FERTILIZERS

≤53.000 tons

ARTIFICIAL

FERTILIZERS

MANURE

PROCESSING

54.000 tons

PESTICIDE (CROP

PROTECTION)


MAIN CHALLENGES IN NORD-OOST BRABANT

Significant loss of raw materials and value

Significant manure surplus

The cycle is only closed on a limited scale at the local level

There is not enough land for current local demand for food and animal feed

The food chain leads to (possible) adverse health effects

There is a high (in)direct footprint of the food


VISION FOR NORD-OOST BRABANT

Experts in the field of sustainable protein...

... And circular growing systems

Closing cycles in North-West Europe

A new model for global food supply

From producing profit to adding value

A breeding ground for entrepreneurship

The right support at the right time

Programmatic approach

An international example


images from Agrifood capital

NOORD-BRABANT

NOORDOOST-BRABANT

food

fats, protein flour & insects

waste stream

waste stream

waste stream

insects

food ingredients

chicken & pork

fish

milk & meat

manure

NPK & energy

vegetables

food

waste streaminsects

IMPORT

EXPORT

manure feed

PLANTEN

VOEDSEL

SHOP

FOOD PROCESSING

INSECT PRODUCTION

OPEN FOOD CULTIVATION

MARKET

AGRI-CLUSTER

PIGS & CHICKENS

DAIRY

BIO-DIGESTER

AQUAPONICS & VERTIICAL FARMING

SUPERMARKET

CONSUMERS

PLANT MATERIALS EXTRACTION

ONLINE RETAILON-DEMAND

Intensive trade with Northwest Europe

Short chain marketing for high quality local products

100% sustainable fuels

100% nitrogen & phosphorous balance with Northwest Europe

NORTHWEST-EUROPE

Dedicated high tech systems

Reducing traditional protein production

100% renewable energy

Regional specialization in sustainable protein (substantial part of Northwest Europe)

All special products from ouside Northwest Europe

Farm scale?


CURRENT STATE ANALYSIS OF DAIRY FARM

Climate changeMETHANE>40.000 kg/yr

DAIRY FARM

30 Hectars

LAND: ~180 HECTARS

150 Hectars

5 Apartments

1672Solar panels

250Milk cows

130Calves

ELECTRICITY76.755 kWh/yr

GAS5.269 m³/yr

DIESEL20.516 L/yr

WATER

CONCENTRATEDFEED

428.576 kg/yr

PLASTIC240 rols of foil/yr

EMPLOYEES<10

Source of plasticWater-intensive productionEnergy-intensive productionToxicityPlastic wasteNew entities

Lack of transperency in supply chain

!

!

MANURE

TOENERGY GRID

ELECTRICITY313.245 kWh

MILK1.561.756 L/yr

LIVE ANIMALS SOLD-13x milk cows/yr

-14x pinken/yr151x calves/yr

CADAVERS6x milk cows/yr

44x calves/yr

PLASTIC PLASTICRECYCLER

SLAUGHTERHOUSE

RECYCLING

HAY

WASTE WATER

SERVICE WASTE30.300 L/yr

CADAVERPROCESSING

INCINERATION

SLAUGHTERHOUSE

ECO-MILKCOOP

MILKTRADE

MEATTRADE

CONSUMERS

FOOD WASTE

PACKAGING

!

Fossil fuelsand CO� emissions

!


OPPORTUNITIESEcoferm


CURRENT STATE ANALYSIS OF GREENHOUSE

COCONUTS

PEAT(Ireland, Estonia, Latvia)

SOLARCOLLECTORS

RAIN WATER

GROUND WATER

PV

ENERGY GRID

SOCIALWORKERS

CLAY(Netherlands)

BARK

PLASTIC

!

!

!

SUBSTRATE9.000 m³

WASTE HEAT

LABOR

BIOLOGICALFERTILIZERS

(i.e. compost tea)

GREENHOUSE

NATURALCROP PROTECTION

(Green label)

WATER55.000 m³

ELECTRICITY

GAS

POTS / CONTAINERS

6.000.000 pieces150.000 kg

EARTH(Reuse)

PACKAGING6.000.000 pieces

30.000 kg

TRAYS1.000.000 pieces

BAMBOOSTICKS(China)

PLASTICS100 m³

PAPER100 m³

POTS7.500 kg

GREEN WASTE750.000 kg

WASTEWATER

CYCLINGNUTRIENTS

PLANTSLOW VALUE

PROCESSING

CLIMBER PLANTS

FRUIT PLANTS

HELLEBORES

BAMBOO

SUPERMARKET

DIY STORE

DEALERS &GARDEN CENTERS

TRANSPORT

COMPOSTING

RECYCLING

PROCESSING

REUSE/SOLD

COMPOSTING

PROCESSING

Water intensityDeforestationBiodiversity lossLanduse change

Energy intensive productionChemical VOCsPlastic wasteDependencyFossil fuels

!Intensive monoculture (plantation in China)Surface water pollutionBiodiversity lossFertilizerSoil degradation

Finite resourceCO� emissionsBiodiversity lossLanduse changeClimate change

!100m deep desalination

!

Water & nutrients


OPPORTUNITIES

• Reuse and compost produced greenwaste• Utilise renewables on site• AquaReUse


CURRENT STATE ANALYSIS OF CHICKEN FARM

DeforestationLand intensive productionBiodiversity lossClimate changeLanduse change

!

!

SOY,VITAMINS

& MINERALS

WHEAT

CORN

ELECTRICITY 360.000 kwh/yr

WATER

VACCINATION12 sorts

OTHERSUPPLIERS

STORES CONSUMERS WASTE

PACKAGING

RECYCLING

COMPOSTING

INCINERATIONFOOD WASTE

MAIN SUPPLYEREgg control >

Sorting >Packaging

SLAUGHTERHOUSE

RENDAC

WASTE

FEED5.2 miljoen kg/yr

PLASTICPALLETS

EMPLOYEES 2-5

GAS

CHICKEN FARM

1-day oldchickens

25.000

Adultchickens

24.000

4 LAYERS9 chickens per m²

!

!

!INCINERATION

PLANTELEKTRICITY

1,333,333 kWh/yr

PHOSPHOROUS

PLASTIC PALLETS10 yr life

PALLETEDEGGS

30 million eggs/yr

BROILER CHICKS

CADAVERS

BROKENEGGS

POULTRY MANURE1.500 ton/jr

BROKENPALLETS

ELECTRICITY

WATER

PACKAGING

GAS

Plastic wasteClimate change

Fossil fuelsand CO� emissions

Water-intensive productionEnergy-intensive production

ToxicityPlastic wasteNew entities

Deforestation

CO� emissions

Water-intensive productionEnergy-intensive productionToxicityPlastic wasteNew entities

Animal welfare(public perception)

!

!

!

!

!


OPPORTUNITIES

Some options:• Phosphate and nutrient recovery from manure• Preservation/reduce need for stable aeration (e.g. by means of passive

systems and design of the stalls)• Higher-value uses for chicken manure, other than drying and energy? Chicken

manure for the production of algae, duckweed and that can be used as food for chickens.

[email protected]+31 20 369 09 77

Meteorenweg 2801035 RN Amsterdam

The Netherlands

Circular Economy - Sustainable Flows in Agriculture

Environment

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