Okuler

Cincin ‘focusing’

okuler

Pemutar lensa

objektif

Lensa objektif

Meja preparat

Kondensor Pengatur

meja Sekrup

penggerak

kasar/halus

Diafragma medan

Pengatur diafragma

CerminSumber

cahaya

Pembuatan Preparat Segar

Penutupan spesimen dengan kaca tutupPenyayatan Bahan dengan Tangan

Tiga macam orientasi sayatan yang umum digunakan

Komponen Sel Tumbuhan

• Dinding Sel– Dinding primer– Dinding sekunder– Lamela tengah

• Protoplas :– Protoplasma

• Sitoplasma• Inti• Organel

– Non protoplasma• Vakuola• Zat ergastik

Latihan 1. Sifat sel hidup (aliran plasma/cyclosis)1.1 Preparat (segar) : Rambut filamen bunga Rhoeo discolor

Reagen : Air

(1) Sirkulasi (lebih dari satu arah) : mitokondria, Rhoeo

1.2 Preparat (segar) : daun HydrillaReagen : Air

Rotasi (satu arah) : plastida, Vallesneria

cytoplasmic streaming The movement of cytoplasm within a living cell.

Cytoplasmic streaming, also called cyclosis, transports nutrients, enzymes, and larger particles within cells, enhances the exchange of materials between organelles, as well as between cells. In some unicellular organisms, such as amoeba, it provides the mechanism for cell locomotion. It is thought that microfilaments provide the driving force for, and control the direction of, the streaming.

In some plant cells there is a rapid rotatory cytoplasmic movement, limited to the peripheral parts of the cell next to the cell wall, which carries chloroplastsand granules along. This movement may be increased by light, and is dependent on temperature and pH. Auxins, or plant growth hormones, may also increase the rate of movement. In some protozoans, such as the ciliates, slower cyclotic movements transport digestive vacuoles through the cell body.

Zat ErgastikLatihan 2.Preparat : Kerokan umbi kentang Solanum tuberosumReagen : Air dan I2KI

+ I2KI pati biru

Pati majemuk

Pati tunggal

Pati ½ majemuk

Latihan 3. KRISTALkalsium oksalat, kalsium karbonat dan silikat

Kristal raphida pada Sansiviera/Pleomele angustifolia

Kristal drus pada tangkai daun Carica papaya

Kristal Ca oksalat :Kristal pasir batang Solanum nigrumKristal drus tangkai daun pepaya (Carica papaya)

Ca karbonatKristal sistolit daun Ficus elastica

(Kristal + tangkai) + CH3COOH ?

Sifat sel : Plasmolisis

Jaringan Dasar

Pada tumbuhan terdapat tiga sistem jaringan, yaitu :

1. Jaringan dasar

– Fungsi :

» Penyokong tumbuhan

» Pelindung tumbuhan

» Tempat penyimpanan cadangan makanan

2. Jaringan dermal, berfungsi sebagai pelindung tumbuhan

3. Jaringan pembuluh, sistem peredaran

Latihan 5.Preparat : pen. mel. tangkai daun seledri (Apium graveolens)Reagen : Air

Kolenkimsel hidup, dinding berpenebalan (selulosa)Fungsi : penyokong tumbuhan terutama padatumbuhan tidak berkayu

ParenkimSel hidup, dinding primer,

vakuola besarFungsi :

• Tempat penyimpanancadangan makanan

• Tempat terjadinya fotosintesis

• Salah satu jaringan pengisi

Parenkim, kolenkim

Latihan 6. Sklerenkim

• Sel mati saat dewasa, dinding sekunder kaku (berlignin). jaringan penyokong terutama pada tumbuhan berkayu

• Dua tipe sklerenkim : (i) Sklereid (sel batu)(ii) Serat

Asterosklereid pada daun Nymphaea

6.1. SKLEREIDPreparat : pen. mel. daun teratai (Nymphaea)Reagen : anilin sulfat

Preparat : pen. mel. daun teratai (Nymphaea)Reagen : anilin sulfat

Dinding primer

Dinding sekunder

Lumen

Noktah

6.2. SKLERENKIMPreparat : pen. mel. daun SansevieraReagen : anilin sulfat

S. cylindrica. B. S. deserti. C. S. singularis. D. S. stuckyi. E. S. grandis

Mesophyll comprises:

1. Outer region of chlorenchyma2. Water storage tissue in central

mesophyll, function remain unclear

Chlorenchyma (grey)

Fiber bundle (solid black)

Water storage (white)

Vascular bundle (black and white)

Small fiber bundle (small solid black)

cuticle

chlorenchyma with pit fields

raphide

vascular bundle