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CIMA Subject BA2 Fundamentals of Management Accounting Study Text CIMA Certificate in Business Accounting

Transcript of CIMA - Kaplan Publishingkaplan-publishing.kaplan.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/cima-look... ·...

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CIMA  Subject BA2  Fundamentals of Management Accounting  Study Text  CIMA Certificate in  Business Accounting 

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Published by: Kaplan Publishing UK 

Unit 2 The Business Centre, Molly Millars Lane, Wokingham, Berkshire RG41 2QZ 

Copyright © 2016 Kaplan Financial Limited. All rights reserved. 

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. 

Acknowledgements 

The CIMA Publishing trade mark is reproduced with kind permission of CIMA. 

Notice 

The text in this material and any others made available by any Kaplan Group company does not amount to advice on a particular matter and should not be taken as such. No reliance should be placed on the content as the basis for any investment or other decision or in connection with any advice given to third parties. Please consult your appropriate professional adviser as necessary. Kaplan Publishing Limited and all other Kaplan group companies expressly disclaim all liability to any person in respect of any losses or other claims, whether direct, indirect, incidental, consequential or otherwise arising in relation to the use of such materials. 

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 

ISBN: 978­1­78415­757­9 

Printed and bound in Great Britain. 

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Contents

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Chapter 1 The context of management accounting 1

Chapter 2 Cost identification and classification 39

Chapter 3 Analysing and predicting costs 75

Chapter 4 Overhead analysis 113

Chapter 5 Marginal and absorption costing 157

Chapter 6 Budgeting 197

Chapter 7 Standard costing and variance analysis 257

Chapter 8 Integrated accounting systems 309

Chapter 9 Performance measurement 359

Chapter 10 Preparing accounts and reports for management 401

Chapter 11 Risk 1 – Summarising and analysing data 447

Chapter 12 Risk 2 – Probability 507

Chapter 13 Short­term decision making 563

Chapter 14 Long­term decision making 617

Chapter 15 Mock Assessment 673

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Introduction  

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How to Use the Materials  

These Kaplan Publishing learning materials have been carefully designed to make your learning experience as easy as possible and to give you the best chances of success in your CIMA Cert BA Objective Test Examination. 

The product range contains a number of features to help you in the study process. They include: 

This Study Text has been designed with the needs of home­study and distance learning candidates in mind. Such students require very full coverage of the syllabus topics, and also the facility to undertake extensive question practice. However, the Study Text is also ideal for fully taught courses. 

The main body of the text is divided into a number of chapters, each of which is organised on the following pattern: 

• a detailed explanation of all syllabus areas

• extensive ‘practical’ materials

• generous question practice, together with full solutions.

• Detailed learning outcomes. These describe the knowledge expected after your studies of the chapter are complete. You should assimilate these before beginning detailed work on the chapter, so that you can appreciate where your studies are leading.

• Step­by­step topic coverage. This is the heart of each chapter, containing detailed explanatory text supported where appropriate by worked examples and exercises. You should work carefully through this section, ensuring that you understand the material being explained and can tackle the examples and exercises successfully. Remember that in many cases knowledge is cumulative: if you fail to digest earlier material thoroughly, you may struggle to understand later chapters.

• Activities. Some chapters are illustrated by more practical elements, such as comments and questions designed to stimulate discussion.

• Question practice. The text contains exam­style objective test questions (OTQs).

• Solutions. Avoid the temptation merely to ‘audit’ the solutions provided. It is an illusion to think that this provides the same benefits as you would gain from a serious attempt of your own. However, if you are struggling to get started on a question you should read the introductory guidance provided at the beginning of the solution, where provided, and then make your own attempt before referring back to the full solution.

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If you work conscientiously through this Official CIMA Study Text according to the guidelines above you will be giving yourself an excellent chance of success in your Objective Text Examination. Good luck with your studies! 

Quality and accuracy are of the utmost importance to us so if you spot an error in any of our products, please send an email to [email protected] with full details, or follow the link to the feedback form in MyKaplan.  

Our Quality Coordinator will work with our technical team to verify the error and take action to ensure it is corrected in future editions.  

Icon Explanations

Definition – These sections explain important areas of knowledge which must be understood and reproduced in an assessment environment.

Key Point – Identifies topics which are key to success and are often examined. 

Supplementary reading – These sections will help to provide a deeper understanding of core areas. The supplementary reading is NOT optional reading. It is vital to provide you with the breadth of knowledge you will need to address the wide range of topics within your syllabus that could feature in an assessment question. Reference to this text is vital when self­studying.

Test Your Understanding – Following key points and definitions are exercises which give the opportunity to assess the understanding of these core areas.

Illustration – To help develop an understanding of particular topics. The illustrative examples are useful in preparing for the 'Test Your Understanding' exercises. 

Exclamation Mark – This symbol signifies a topic which can be more difficult to understand, when reviewing these areas care should be taken.

Study technique 

In this section we briefly outline some tips for effective study during the earlier stages of your approach to the Objective Text Examination. We also mention some techniques that you will find useful at the revision stage. Use of effective study and revision techniques can improve your chances of success in the CIMA Cert BA and CIMA Professional Qualification examinations. 

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Planning 

To begin with, formal planning is essential to get the best return from the time you spend studying. Estimate how much time in total you are going to need for each subject you are studying. Remember that you need to allow time for revision as well as for initial study of the material. 

With your study material before you, decide which chapters you are going to study in each week, and which weeks you will devote to revision and final question practice. 

Prepare a written schedule summarising the above and stick to it! 

It is essential to know your syllabus. As your studies progress you will become more familiar with how long it takes to cover topics in sufficient depth. Your timetable may need to be adapted to allocate enough time for the whole syllabus. 

Students are advised to refer to the notice of examinable legislation published regularly in CIMA’s magazine (Financial Management), the students e­newsletter (Velocity) and on the CIMA website, to ensure they are up­to­date. 

Students are advised to consult the syllabus when allocating their study time. The percentage weighting shown against each syllabus topic is intended as a guide to the proportion of study time each topic requires. 

Tips for effective studying 

(1) Aim to find a quiet and undisturbed location for your study, and plan as far as possible to use the same period of time each day. Getting into a routine helps to avoid wasting time. Make sure that you have all the materials you need before you begin so as to minimise interruptions.

(2) Store all your materials in one place, so that you do not waste time searching for items every time you want to begin studying. If you have to pack everything away after each study period, keep your study materials in a box, or even a suitcase, which will not be disturbed until the next time.

(3) Limit distractions. To make the most effective use of your study periods you should be able to apply total concentration, so turn off all entertainment equipment, set your phones to message mode, and put up your ‘do not disturb’ sign.

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(4) Your timetable will tell you which topic to study. However, before diving in and becoming engrossed in the finer points, make sure you have an overall picture of all the areas that need to be covered by the end of that session. After an hour, allow yourself a short break and move away from your Study Text. With experience, you will learn to assess the pace you need to work at. Each study session should focus on component learning outcomes  the basis for all questions.

(5) Work carefully through a chapter, making notes as you go. When you have covered a suitable amount of material, vary the pattern by attempting a practice question. When you have finished your attempt, make notes of any mistakes you made, or any areas that you failed to cover or covered more briefly. Be aware that all component learning outcomes are examinable.

(6) Make notes as you study, and discover the techniques that work best for you. Your notes may be in the form of lists, bullet points, diagrams, summaries, ‘mind maps’, or the written word, but remember that you will need to refer back to them at a later date, so they must be intelligible. If you are on a taught course, make sure you highlight any issues you would like to follow up with your lecturer.

(7) Organise your notes. Make sure that all your notes, calculations etc. can be effectively filed and easily retrieved later.

Objective Test 

Objective Test questions require you to choose or provide a response to a question whose correct answer is predetermined. 

The most common types of Objective Test question you will see are: 

• multiple choice, where you have to choose the correct answer(s) from a list of possible answers – this could either be numbers or text

• multiple response with more choices and answers, for example, choosing two correct answers from a list of five available answers – this could either be numbers or text

• number entry, where you give your numeric answer to one or more parts of a question, for example, gross profit is $25,000 and the accrual for heat and light charges is $750

• drag and drop, where you match one or more items with others from the list available, for example, matching several accounting terms with the appropriate definition

• drop down, where you choose the correct answer from those available in a drop down menu, for example, choosing the correct calculation of an accounting ratio, or stating whether an individual statement is true or false

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CIMA has provided the following guidance relating to the format of questions and their marking: 

Throughout this Study Text we have introduced these types of questions, but obviously we have had to label answers A, B, C etc rather than using click boxes. For convenience we have retained quite a few questions where an initial scenario leads to a number of sub­questions. There will be questions of this type in the Objective Test Examination but they will rarely have more than three sub­questions. 

Guidance re CIMA on­screen calculator 

As part of the CIMA Objective Test software, candidates are provided with a calculator. This calculator is on­screen and is available for the duration of the assessment. The calculator is available in Objective Test Examinations for BA1, BA2 and BA3 (it is not required for BA4). 

Guidance regarding calculator use in the Objective Test Examinations is available online at: https://connect.cimaglobal.com/ 

• hot spot, where, for example, you use your computer cursor or mouse to identify the point of profit maximisation on a graph

• other types could be matching text with graphs and labelling/indicating areas on graphs or diagrams.

• questions which require narrative responses to be typed will not be used

• for number entry questions, a small range of answers will be accepted. Clear guidance will usually be given about the format in which the answer is required e.g. 'to the nearest $' or 'to two decimal places'.

• item set questions provide a scenario which then forms the basis of more than one question (usually 24 questions). These sets of questions would appear together in the test and are most likely to appear in BA2 and BA3

• all questions are independent so that, where questions are based on a common item set scenario, each question will be distinct and the answer to a later question will not be dependent upon answering an earlier question correctly

• all items are equally weighted and, where a question consists of more than one element, all elements must be answered correctly for the question to be marked correct.

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CIMA Cert BA Objective Tests 

The Objective Tests are a two­hour assessment comprising compulsory questions, each with one or more parts. There will be no choice and all questions should be attempted. The number of questions in each assessment are as follows: 

BA1 Fundamentals of Business Economics – 60 questions  BA2 Fundamentals of Management Accounting – 60 questions  BA3 Fundamentals of Financial Accounting – 60 questions  BA4 Fundamentals of Ethics, Corporate Governance and Business Law – 85 questions 

All questions are equally weighted. All parts of a question must be answered correctly for the question to be marked correct. Where questions are based upon a common scenario, each question will be independent, and answers to later questions will not be dependent upon answering earlier questions correctly. 

Structure of subjects and learning outcomes  

Each subject within the syllabus is divided into a number of broad syllabus topics.  The topics contain one or more lead learning outcomes, related component learning outcomes and indicative knowledge content.  

A learning outcome has two main purposes:  

The learning outcomes are part of a hierarchy of learning objectives. The verbs used at the beginning of each learning outcome relate to a specific learning objective e.g.  

Calculate the breakeven point, profit target, margin of safety and profit/volume ratio for a single product or service.  

The verb ‘calculate’ indicates a level three learning objective. The following table lists the learning objectives and the verbs that appear in the CIMA Cert BA syllabus learning outcomes.  

(a) To define the skill or ability that a well prepared candidate should be able to exhibit in the examination 

(b) To demonstrate the approach likely to be taken in examination questions 

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CIMA's hierarchy of learning objectives 

CIMA place great importance on the definition of verbs in structuring Objective Test Examinations. It is therefore crucial that you understand the verbs in order to appreciate the depth and breadth of a topic and the level of skill required. The CIMA Cert BA syllabus learning outcomes and objective test questions will focus on levels one, two and three of the CIMA's hierarchy of learning objectives (knowledge, comprehension and application). However, as you progress to the Operational, Management and Strategic levels of the CIMA Professional Qualification, testing will include levels four and five of the hierarchy. As you complete your CIMA Professional Qualification, you can therefore expect to be tested on knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis and evaluation. 

In CIMA Cert BA Objective Test Examinations you will meet verbs from only levels 1, 2, and 3 of the hierarchy which are as follows: 

Level 1: KNOWLEDGE 

What you are expected to know 

For example you could be asked to define economic terms such as 'inflation' (BA1), or to define the term 'management accounting' (BA2) or to state the accounting entries required to record the revaluation surplus arising on revaluation of land and buildings (BA3). 

VERBS USED 

DEFINITION 

List 

State 

Define 

Make a list of. 

Express, fully or clearly, the details/facts of. 

Give the exact meaning of. 

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Level 2: COMPREHENSION 

What you are expected to understand 

For example you could be asked to explain the components of the circular flow of funds (BA1), or distinguish between financial accounting and management accounting (BA3) or distinguish between express terms and implied terms of a contract of employment (BA4). 

Level 3: APPLICATION 

How you are expected to apply your knowledge 

For example you could be asked to reconcile the differences between profits calculated using absorption costing and marginal costing (BA2), or to calculate the gain or loss on disposal of a noncurrent asset (BA3) or to apply relevant principles to determine the outcome of a law­based or ethical problem (BA4). 

VERBS USED 

DEFINITION 

Describe 

Distinguish 

Explain 

Identify 

Illustrate 

Communicate the key features of. 

Highlight the differences between. 

Make clear or intelligible/state the meaning or purpose of. 

Recognise, establish or select after consideration. 

Use an example to describe or explain something. 

VERBS USED 

DEFINITION 

Apply 

Calculate 

Demonstrate 

Prepare 

Reconcile 

Solve 

Tabulate 

Put to practical use. 

Ascertain or reckon mathematically. 

Prove with certainty or exhibit by practical means. 

Make or get ready for use. 

Make or prove consistent/compatible. 

Find an answer to. 

Arrange in a table. 

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For reference, levels 4 and 5 of the hierarchy require demonstration of analysis and evaluation skills respectively. Further detail on levels 4 and 5 of the hierarchy which are tested in the CIMA Professional Qualification can be obtained from the CIMA website. 

CIMA Cert BA resources 

Access to CIMA Cert BA resources including syllabus information are available online at www.cimaglobal.com/ 

Additional resources 

This Study Text is designed to be comprehensive and therefore sufficient to meet the needs of students studying this subject. However, CIMA recognises that many students also want to read around particular topic(s), either to extend their knowledge and understanding, or because it is particularly relevant to their work environment. 

CIMA has therefore produced a related reading list for those students who wish to extend their knowledge and understanding, whether for personal interest or to help support work activities as follows: 

 

BA1 Fundamentals of Business Economics Principles of Economics 3rd ed. McDowell & ThomApplied Economics 12th ed. Griffiths & WallMathematics for Economists:  An Introductory Textbook 4th ed.

 Pemberton & Rau

   BA2 Fundamentals of Management Accounting Management and Cost Accounting Colin DruryManagement Accounting Catherine Gowthorpe 

BA3 Fundamentals of Financial Accounting Financial Accounting – An Introduction Pauline WeetmanFrank Wood's Business Accounting 1 & 2 Frank Wood & Alan Sangster 

introduction

xiv

Page 15: CIMA - Kaplan Publishingkaplan-publishing.kaplan.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/cima-look... · coverage of the syllabus topics, and also the facility to undertake extensive ... CIMA

 Information concerning formulae and tables will be provided via the CIMA website, www.cimaglobal.com, and your EN­gage login. 

BA4 Fundamentals of Ethics, Corporate Governance and Business Law Students can find out about the specific law and regulation in their jurisdiction by referring to appropriate texts and publications for their country. Managing Responsible Business CGMA Report 2015 Global Management Accounting Principles CIMA 2015Embedded Ethical Values:  A Guide for CIMA Partners

 CIMA Report 2014 

Business Ethics for SMEs:  A Guide for CIMA Partners

 CIMA Report 2014

Ethics: Ethical Checklist CIMA 2014Ethics Support Guide CIMA 2014Acting under Pressure: How management  accountants manage ethical issues

 CIMA 2012

xv

Page 16: CIMA - Kaplan Publishingkaplan-publishing.kaplan.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/cima-look... · coverage of the syllabus topics, and also the facility to undertake extensive ... CIMA

xvi

Page 17: CIMA - Kaplan Publishingkaplan-publishing.kaplan.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/cima-look... · coverage of the syllabus topics, and also the facility to undertake extensive ... CIMA

BA2 FUNDAMENTALS OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Syllabus overview This subject deals with the fundamental knowledge and techniques that underpin management accounting. It identifies the position of the management accountant within organisations and the role of CIMA. The subject portrays the role of management accounting in the contexts of commercial and public sector bodies and its wider role in society. The identification and classification of costs and their behaviour provides the basis for understanding and applying the tools and techniques needed to plan, control and make decisions. Budgetary control requires the setting of targets and standards which then allow the performance of organisations to be reported and analysed by the calculation of variances. Investment appraisal, break-even analysis and profit maximisation are used to inform both long and short-term decision making. Assessment strategy There will be a two hour computer based assessment, comprising 60 compulsory objective test questions. Short scenarios may be given to which one or more objective test questions relate. Syllabus structure The syllabus comprises the following topics and weightings:

Weight Syllabus topic

10% A. The Context of Management Accounting

25% B. Costing

30% C. Planning and Control

35% D. Decision Making

Page 18: CIMA - Kaplan Publishingkaplan-publishing.kaplan.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/cima-look... · coverage of the syllabus topics, and also the facility to undertake extensive ... CIMA

BA

2 –

A.

TH

E C

ON

TE

XT

OF

MA

NA

GE

ME

NT

AC

CO

UN

TIN

G (

10%

)

Lea

rnin

g o

utc

om

es

On

com

plet

ion

of th

eir

stud

ies,

stu

dent

s sh

ould

be

able

to:

In

dic

ativ

e sy

llab

us

con

ten

t

Lea

d

Co

mp

on

ent

Lev

el

1 ex

pla

in t

he

pu

rpo

se o

f m

anag

emen

t ac

cou

nti

ng

an

d t

he

role

of

the

Man

agem

ent

Ac

cou

nta

nt.

(a)

expl

ain

the

nee

d fo

r m

anag

emen

t ac

coun

ting

2 •

The

Glo

bal M

anag

emen

t A

ccou

ntin

g

Prin

cipl

es.

(b)

expl

ain

the

cha

ract

eris

tics

of f

inan

cial

in

form

atio

n fo

r op

erat

iona

l, m

anag

eria

l and

st

rate

gic

leve

ls w

ithin

org

anis

atio

n

2 •

Cha

ract

eris

tics

of fi

nanc

ial i

nfor

mat

ion.

(c)

expl

ain

the

rol

e of

the

man

agem

ent

acco

unta

nt

2 •

The

CIM

A d

efin

ition

of t

he r

ole

of th

e m

anag

emen

t ac

coun

tant

.

(d)

expl

ain

the

rel

atio

nshi

ps b

etw

een

the

man

agem

ent

acco

unta

nt a

nd th

e or

gan

isat

ion’

s m

anag

ers.

2 •

The

IF

AC

def

initi

on o

f th

e do

mai

n of

the

prof

essi

onal

acc

ount

ant

in b

usin

ess.

The

pos

ition

ing

of m

anag

emen

t ac

coun

ting

with

in t

he o

rgan

isat

ion.

2 ex

pla

in t

he

role

of

CIM

A

as a

pro

fess

ion

al b

od

y fo

r M

anag

emen

t A

cco

un

tan

ts.

(a)

expl

ain

the

rol

e of

CIM

A in

dev

elop

ing

the

pr

actic

e of

man

agem

ent a

ccou

ntin

g.

2 •

The

nee

d fo

r a

prof

essi

onal

bod

y in

m

anag

emen

t ac

coun

ting.

CIM

A’s

rol

e in

rel

atio

n to

its

mem

bers

, st

uden

ts, t

he p

rofe

ssio

n of

man

agem

ent

acco

untin

g a

nd s

ocie

ty.

Page 19: CIMA - Kaplan Publishingkaplan-publishing.kaplan.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/cima-look... · coverage of the syllabus topics, and also the facility to undertake extensive ... CIMA

BA

2 –

B.

CO

ST

ING

(25

%)

Lea

rnin

g o

utc

om

es

On

com

plet

ion

of th

eir

stud

ies,

stu

dent

s sh

ould

be

able

to:

In

dic

ativ

e sy

llab

us

con

ten

t

Lea

d

Co

mp

on

ent

Lev

el

1 d

emo

nst

rate

co

st

iden

tifi

cati

on

an

d

clas

sifi

cati

on

.

(a)

expl

ain

the

cla

ssifi

catio

n of

cos

ts in

rel

atio

n to

ou

tput

2

• D

irect

and

indi

rect

cos

ts.

(b)

expl

ain

the

cla

ssifi

catio

n of

cos

ts in

rel

atio

n to

ac

tivity

leve

l 2

• V

aria

ble,

sem

i-var

iabl

e, s

tepp

ed a

nd f

ixed

co

sts.

(c)

calc

ulat

e ap

prop

riate

cos

ts h

avin

g id

entif

ied

cost

beh

avio

ur

3 •

The

use

of

‘hig

h-lo

w’,

grap

hica

l and

reg

ress

ion

anal

ysis

met

hods

to e

stab

lish

and

pred

ict

tota

l co

st.

(d)

expl

ain

the

cla

ssifi

catio

n of

cos

ts in

rel

atio

n to

de

cisi

ons.

2

• R

elev

ant

and

irrel

evan

t co

sts.

2 ap

ply

ab

sorp

tio

n c

ost

ing

an

d m

arg

inal

co

stin

g.

(a)

prep

are

over

head

cos

t st

atem

ents

3

• O

verh

ead

cost

sta

tem

ents

: al

loca

tion,

ap

port

ionm

ent

and

reci

proc

al s

ervi

cing

. N

ote

: T

he r

epea

ted

dist

ribut

ion

and

sim

ulta

neou

s eq

uatio

ns m

etho

ds w

ill b

e us

ed fo

r re

cipr

ocal

se

rvic

ing

.

(b)

calc

ulat

e th

e fu

ll co

st o

f pro

duct

s, s

ervi

ces

and

activ

ities

3

• T

he tr

eatm

ent o

f di

rect

and

indi

rect

cos

ts in

as

cert

aini

ng th

e fu

ll co

st o

f a

‘cos

t ob

ject

’ e.g

. a

prod

uct,

serv

ice,

act

ivity

, cu

stom

er.

• O

verh

ead

abso

rptio

n ra

tes.

Und

er o

r ov

er a

bsor

bed

over

head

s.

(c)

calc

ulat

e th

e m

arg

inal

cos

t of

pro

duct

s,

serv

ices

and

act

iviti

es

3 •

The

trea

tmen

t of

dire

ct a

nd in

dire

ct c

osts

in

asce

rtai

ning

the

mar

gin

al c

ost

of a

‘cos

t ob

ject

’ e.

g. a

pro

duct

, ser

vice

, ac

tivity

, cu

stom

er.

(d)

reco

ncile

the

diff

eren

ces

betw

een

prof

its

calc

ulat

ed u

sing

abs

orpt

ion

cost

ing

and

thos

e ca

lcul

ated

usi

ng m

arg

inal

cos

ting

3 •

The

diff

eren

ce b

etw

een

mar

gin

al a

nd

abso

rptio

n pr

ofits

.

Page 20: CIMA - Kaplan Publishingkaplan-publishing.kaplan.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/cima-look... · coverage of the syllabus topics, and also the facility to undertake extensive ... CIMA

Lea

rnin

g o

utc

om

es

On

com

plet

ion

of th

eir

stud

ies,

stu

dent

s sh

ould

be

able

to:

In

dic

ativ

e sy

llab

us

con

ten

t

Lea

d

Co

mp

on

ent

Lev

el

(e

) ap

ply

cost

info

rmat

ion

in p

ricin

g d

ecis

ions

. 3

• M

arg

inal

cos

t pr

icin

g an

d fu

ll-co

st p

ricin

g to

ac

hiev

e sp

ecifi

ed ta

rget

s (r

etur

n on

sal

es,

retu

rn o

n in

vest

men

t, m

ark-

up a

nd m

arg

ins)

. N

ote

: S

tude

nts

are

not

expe

cted

to

have

a

deta

iled

know

ledg

e of

act

ivity

-bas

ed c

ostin

g (A

BC

).

Page 21: CIMA - Kaplan Publishingkaplan-publishing.kaplan.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/cima-look... · coverage of the syllabus topics, and also the facility to undertake extensive ... CIMA

BA

2 –

C. P

LA

NN

ING

AN

D C

ON

TR

OL

(3

0%

)

Lea

rnin

g o

utc

om

es

On

com

plet

ion

of th

eir

stud

ies,

stu

dent

s sh

ould

be

able

to:

In

dic

ativ

e sy

llab

us

con

ten

t

Lea

d

Co

mp

on

ent

Lev

el

1 p

rep

are

bu

dg

ets

for

pla

nn

ing

an

d c

on

tro

l. (a

) ex

pla

in w

hy

org

anis

atio

ns p

repa

re fo

reca

sts

and

plan

s 2

• B

udg

etin

g fo

r pl

anni

ng a

nd c

ontr

ol.

(b)

prep

are

func

tiona

l bud

get

s 3

• F

unct

iona

l bud

get

s.

(c)

expl

ain

bud

get

sta

tem

ents

2

• M

aste

r bu

dget

, in

clud

ing

stat

emen

ts o

f pr

ofit

and

loss

, fin

anci

al p

ositi

on a

nd c

ash

flow

.

(d)

iden

tify

the

impa

ct o

f bu

dget

ed c

ash

surp

luse

s an

d sh

ortf

alls

on

busi

ness

op

erat

ions

2 •

The

impo

rtan

ce o

f ca

sh b

udg

ets.

(e)

prep

are

a fle

xibl

e bu

dget

3

• F

ixed

and

fle

xibl

e bu

dget

ing

.

(f)

calc

ulat

e bu

dget

var

ianc

es.

3 •

Bud

get

var

ianc

es.

2 ap

ply

var

ian

ce a

nal

ysis

to

rec

on

cile

bu

dg

eted

an

d a

ctu

al p

rofi

ts in

a

mar

gin

al f

orm

at.

(a)

expl

ain

wh

y pl

anne

d st

anda

rd c

osts

, pr

ices

an

d vo

lum

es a

re u

sefu

l 2

• P

rinci

ples

of

stan

dard

cos

ting.

(b)

calc

ulat

e va

rianc

es f

or m

ater

ials

, la

bour

, va

riabl

e ov

erhe

ads,

sal

es p

rices

and

sal

es

volu

mes

3 •

Sta

ndar

ds f

or th

e se

lling

pric

e an

d va

riabl

e co

sts

of a

pro

duct

or

serv

ice.

Var

ianc

es: m

ater

ials

(to

tal,

pric

e an

d us

age)

; la

bour

(to

tal,

rate

and

eff

icie

ncy)

; va

riabl

e ov

erhe

ad (

tota

l, ex

pend

iture

and

eff

icie

ncy)

; sa

les

(sal

es p

rice

and

sale

s vo

lum

e co

ntrib

utio

n).

(c)

prep

are

a st

atem

ent t

hat

reco

ncile

s bu

dget

ed

prof

it w

ith a

ctua

l pro

fit c

alcu

late

d us

ing

mar

gin

al c

ostin

g

3 •

The

use

of

varia

nces

to

reco

ncile

the

bud

get

ed

and

actu

al p

rofit

s th

at h

ave

been

cal

cula

ted

usin

g m

arg

inal

cos

ting

.

(d)

expl

ain

wh

y va

rianc

es c

ould

hav

e ar

isen

and

th

e in

ter-

rela

tions

hips

bet

wee

n va

rianc

es.

2 •

Inte

rpre

tatio

n of

var

ianc

es.

Page 22: CIMA - Kaplan Publishingkaplan-publishing.kaplan.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/cima-look... · coverage of the syllabus topics, and also the facility to undertake extensive ... CIMA

Lea

rnin

g o

utc

om

es

On

com

plet

ion

of th

eir

stud

ies,

stu

dent

s sh

ould

be

able

to:

In

dic

ativ

e sy

llab

us

con

ten

t

Lea

d

Co

mp

on

ent

Lev

el

3 ca

lcu

late

ap

pro

pri

ate

fin

anci

al a

nd

no

n-

fin

anci

al p

erfo

rman

ce

mea

sure

s.

(a)

expl

ain

the

nee

d fo

r ap

prop

riate

per

form

ance

m

easu

res

2 •

Cha

ract

eris

tics

of s

ervi

ce in

dust

ries.

Res

pons

ibili

ty a

ccou

ntin

g (a

utho

rity,

re

spon

sibi

lity

and

cont

rolla

bilit

y).

(b)

calc

ulat

e ap

prop

riate

fina

ncia

l and

non

- fin

anci

al p

erfo

rman

ce m

easu

res

in a

var

iety

of

con

text

s.

3 •

The

use

of

appr

opria

te f

inan

cial

and

non

-fin

anci

al p

erfo

rman

ce m

easu

res

in a

var

iety

of

cont

exts

(e.

g. m

anuf

actu

ring

and

serv

ice

sect

ors)

. N

ote

: D

etai

led

know

ledg

e of

the

bal

ance

d sc

orec

ard

is n

ot r

equi

red.

4 p

rep

are

acco

un

ts a

nd

re

po

rts

for

man

ager

s.

(a)

expl

ain

the

inte

grat

ion

of t

he c

ost

acco

unts

w

ith t

he f

inan

cial

acc

ount

ing

syst

em

2 •

Man

ufac

turin

g ac

coun

ts in

clud

ing

raw

mat

eria

l, w

ork-

in-p

rog

ress

, fin

ishe

d g

oods

and

m

anuf

actu

ring

over

head

con

trol

acc

ount

s.

(b)

prep

are

a se

t of

inte

gra

ted

acco

unts

, sh

owin

g

stan

dard

cos

t va

rianc

es

3 •

Inte

grat

ed le

dger

s in

clud

ing

acc

ount

ing

for

over

and

und

er a

bsor

ptio

n of

pro

duct

ion

over

head

. •

The

tre

atm

ent

of v

aria

nces

in in

tegr

ated

ledg

er

syst

ems.

(c)

prep

are

appr

opria

te a

ccou

nts

for

job

and

batc

h co

stin

g 3

• Jo

b an

d ba

tch

cost

ing.

(d)

prep

are

repo

rts

in a

ran

ge o

f or

gan

isat

ions

. 3

• C

ost

acco

untin

g s

tate

men

ts fo

r m

anag

emen

t in

form

atio

n in

man

ufac

turin

g, s

ervi

ce a

nd n

ot-

for-

prof

it or

gan

isat

ions

.

Page 23: CIMA - Kaplan Publishingkaplan-publishing.kaplan.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/cima-look... · coverage of the syllabus topics, and also the facility to undertake extensive ... CIMA

BA

2 –

D.

DE

CIS

ION

MA

KIN

G (

35

%)

Lea

rnin

g o

utc

om

es

On

com

plet

ion

of th

eir

stud

ies,

stu

dent

s sh

ould

be

able

to:

In

dic

ativ

e sy

llab

us

con

ten

t

Lea

d

Co

mp

on

ent

Lev

el

1 d

emo

nst

rate

th

e im

pac

t o

f ri

sk.

(a)

expl

ain

the

con

cept

s of

ris

k an

d un

cert

aint

y 2

• R

isk

and

unce

rtai

nty.

(b)

dem

onst

rate

the

use

of

expe

cted

val

ues

and

join

t pr

obab

ilitie

s in

dec

isio

n m

akin

g 3

• P

roba

bilit

y an

d its

rel

atio

nshi

p w

ith p

ropo

rtio

ns

and

perc

enta

ges

. •

Exp

ecte

d va

lues

and

exp

ecte

d va

lues

tab

les.

Lim

itatio

ns o

f ex

pect

ed v

alue

s.

(c)

calc

ulat

e su

mm

ary

mea

sure

s of

cen

tral

te

nden

cy a

nd d

ispe

rsio

n fo

r bo

th g

roup

ed

and

ung

roup

ed d

ata

3 •

Arit

hmet

ic m

ean,

med

ian,

mod

e, r

ang

e,

varia

nce,

sta

ndar

d de

viat

ion

and

coef

ficie

nt o

f va

riatio

n fo

r bo

th u

ngro

uped

and

gro

uped

da

ta.

(d)

dem

onst

rate

the

use

of

the

norm

al

dist

ribut

ion.

3

• G

raph

s/di

agra

ms

and

use

of n

orm

al

dist

ribut

ion

tabl

es.

No

te:

Stu

dent

s w

ill n

ot b

e as

ked

to a

pply

te

chni

que

s to

dea

l with

unc

erta

inty

.

2 d

emo

nst

rate

th

e u

se o

f ap

pro

pri

ate

tech

niq

ues

fo

r sh

ort

-ter

m d

ecis

ion

m

akin

g.

(a)

appl

y br

eake

ven

anal

ysis

3

• B

reak

even

cha

rts,

pro

fit v

olum

e g

raph

s,

brea

keve

n po

int,

targ

et p

rofit

, mar

gin

of

safe

ty.

(b)

dem

onst

rate

mak

e or

buy

dec

isio

ns

3 •

Mak

e or

buy

dec

isio

ns.

(c)

calc

ulat

e th

e pr

ofit

max

imis

ing

sale

s m

ix a

fter

us

ing

lim

iting

fac

tor

anal

ysis

. 3

• Li

miti

ng f

acto

r an

alys

is fo

r a

mul

ti- p

rodu

ct

com

pany

tha

t ha

s on

e sc

arce

res

ourc

e.

3 d

emo

nst

rate

th

e u

se o

f ap

pro

pri

ate

tech

niq

ues

fo

r lo

ng

-ter

m d

ecis

ion

m

akin

g.

(a)

expl

ain

the

tim

e va

lue

of m

oney

2

• T

he t

ime

valu

e of

mon

ey.

(b)

appl

y fin

anci

al m

athe

mat

ics

3 •

Dis

coun

ting,

com

poun

ding

, an

nuiti

es a

nd

perp

etui

ties.

(c)

calc

ulat

e th

e ne

t pre

sent

val

ue,

inte

rnal

rat

e of

ret

urn

and

payb

ack

for

an in

vest

men

t or

pr

ojec

t.

3 •

Net

pre

sent

val

ue,

inte

rnal

rat

e of

ret

urn

and

payb

ack.