CIGRE – Comité Chileno - Proyecto Mejillones Cardones 500 ......Presentation to CIGRE Chileno D....

Proyecto Mejillones – Cardones 500 kV HVAC Ventajas y Desafíos

GDF SUEZ

Energy International

Santiago

29 de Mayo de 2013

Demián TALAVERA – Karim KAROUI

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

Ene Feb Mar Abr May Jun Jul Ago Sep Oct

USD/MWh

Quillota C. Navia A. JahuelCharrua Cardones D. Almagro

SIC y SING: dos realidades distintas para una demanda creciente

SIC

Región

Metropolitana

SING

Cuello de

botella

Cuello de

botella

Actualmente, mercado adaptado (Costo Marginal bajo 100US$/MWh), sin

problemas de capacidad.

Mercado industrial y eminentemente termoeléctrico: grandes proyectos mineros

permiten construcción de nuevas unidades eficientes.

Exceso de capacidad en GNL y Diesel/Fuel Oil aseguran suministro ante aumento

de demanda.

Mercado mayormente regulado, con fuerte componente hidro.

Judicialización de proyectos y dificultades en desarrollo conllevan carencia de

nuevas unidades grandes eficientes.

Mientras tanto, la demanda sigue creciendo, requiriendo despacho de unidades

ineficientes y a diesel.

Además, debilidades del sistema de transmisión generan precios locales, sobre

todo en Norte del SIC.

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USD/MWh

Quillota C. Navia A. JahuelCharrua Cardones D. Almagro-

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USD/MWh

Quillota C. Navia A. JahuelCharrua Cardones D. Almagro-

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300


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Quillota C. Navia A. JahuelCharrua Cardones D. Almagro

2

Evolución Costos

Marginales SIC 2012

86.50 US$/MWh

196.50 US$/MWh

188.40 US$/MWh

176.80 US$/MWh

Precio marginal

promedio 2012

Situación Actual 2013 Situación Proyectada 2019

Puerto Montt

Charrúa

Alto Jahuel/Polpaico

Tal Tal

Mejillones

Puerto Montt

Charrúa

Alto Jahuel/Polpaico

Tal Tal

Mejillones

Línea 220 kV

Línea 500 kV

3

Evolución del Sistema troncal La Interconexión SIC-SING, pieza cable de “vertebrización”

CHOOSE EXPERTS, FIND

PARTNERS

The Mejillones – Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project Advantages & Challenges Presentation to CIGRE Chileno D. Talavera & K. Karoui - Santiago, May 29th 2013

CONTENTS

• Project description

• Operating conditions

• Reactive compensation

• Small signal stability (modal analysis)

• Transient stability

• Generation contingencies & SING voltage stability

• Conclusions

May 29th 2013 5 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

• Technical reference: Chilean grid code

- Maximum clearing time: 120 ms with 2-ph fault to ground

- Damping minimum requirement: 10%

• Initial studies for 1000 MW have shown that

- One intermediate substation and ‘50%’ series compensation required to achieve satisfactory transient stability and damping results

- Adequate voltage profile is achieved with approx. 1000 Mvar shunt compensation (4x155 Mvar + 4x100 Mvar)


SING

SIC

IEM

Elevadora

Compensadora

Reductora

IEM = GDF Suez group power plants located in Mejillones or other near located units (eg Angamos or others)

Close to Mejillones 220 kV

Cardones 500 kV

55%/2

45%

55%/2

CONSIDERED OPERATING CONDITIONS


Intermediate substation and series capacitors not shown

SING

SIC

IEM

1000 MW

500 MW

500 MW SING

SIC

IEM

1000 MW

0 MW

Case 2 Case 3

SING

SIC

IEM

1500 MW

1000 MW

500 MW

Case 4

TIME

REACTIVE COMPENSATION


Power transfer 1000 MW 1500 MW

Line Shunt reactors 500 kV

Mejillones - Compensadora 4x155 Mvar 4x145 Mvar

Compensadora - Cardones

4x100 Mvar 4x90 Mvar

Substation shunt reactors 500 kV

Mejillones & Cardones (for energization & low loading)

2x110 Mvar 2x110 Mvar

Series capacitors (% of circuit reactance)

Mejillones – Compensadora 2x55%/2 2x65%/2

Compensadora - Cardones 45% 55%

Voltage profile versus distance in N-1 conditions for

different scenarios of split of series compensation

Elevadora

Compensadora

Reductora

65/2%

65/2%

55%

Elevadora

Compensadora

Reductora

65%

55%

Elevadora

Compensadora

Reductora

65%

55%

Elevadora

Compensadora

Reductora

65/2%

65/2%

55/2%

55/2%

470

480

490

500

510

520

530

540

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

0 MW

-250 MW

-500 MW

-750 MW

-1000 MW

-1250 MW

-1500 MW

250 MW

500 MW

750 MW

470

480

490

500

510

520

530

540

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0 100 200 300 400 500 600

0 MW

-250 MW

-500 MW

-750 MW

-1000 MW

-1250 MW

-1500 MW

250 MW

500 MW

750 MW470

480

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510

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540

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-250 MW

-500 MW

-750 MW

-1000 MW

-1250 MW

-1500 MW

250 MW

500 MW

750 MW 470

480

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510

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540

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0 MW

-250 MW

-500 MW

-750 MW

-1000 MW

-1250 MW

-1500 MW

250 MW

500 MW

750 MW

Acceptable

Overvoltages Overvoltages Not justified to split the

compensation of Comp-Card

0

0.01

0.02

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0.04

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0.06

-300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100

Am

plit

ude

Phase

Frequency: 0.547 HzDamping: 23 %

SIC SING IEM

Case 2

Case 3

Case 4 (50%)

MODAL ANALYSIS

• Background

- System non linear DAE equations Linearization

- Calculation of eigenvalues Oscillation modes: frequency and damping

- Calculation of eigenvectors Mode shapes, participation factors

- Performed in N and N-1 configurations

• Adopted criteria in line with the Chilean grid

code damping formula

- Allows to look each mode separately

- Requirement: damping > 15% (10% + 5% margin)

• Mode of interest:

- interarea mode [0.1 Hz ; 0.8 Hz] ~0.5 Hz with Damping > 15%

- other pre-existing modes will remain and are expected to be unaffected


MODAL ANALYSIS

• Verification by time-domain simulation

Good match with linearized model results

• Influence of topology

- In all N-1 cases, damping remain acceptable

• Influence of load model on SING imports Case

- More stable with impedance load

- Low damping with constant power load


200 202 204 206 208 210 212 214 216

49.99

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[2200] MACHINE : 121931 SPEED Unit : Hz

[2200] MACHINE : 12391 SPEED Unit : Hz

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Dam

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g (%

)

Load Exponent

Damping curve

Theoretical Damping Case 3 Damping

15161718192021222324252627

1 2 3 4 5 6

Dam

pin

g

Scenario #

Damping sensitivity

Case 2

Case 3

Case 4

0.5 Hz oscillation

Constant power load Impedance load

IEM machine Bocamina 2

MODAL ANALYSIS - SYNTHESIS

• Existing inter-area modes: A priori small impact of the new

interconnection

• New identified SING-SIC interarea mode at ~0.5 Hz with acceptable

damping (>15%)

• Interarea mode damping is function of the load dependency to voltage

• Recommendation to address potential changes in damping performance

1. Software: Activation of POD on SVC’s (require sufficient controllability and feasibility of observability)

2. Hardware: Proportion of Fixed Series Compensation designed to be upgraded to TCSC


TRANSIENT STABILITY

• The Chilean grid code

- Fault clearing time (FCT): up to 120 ms (6 cycles)

- FCT state-of-the-art rather 3-4 than 6 cycles in the 400 - 500 kV voltage range

• Conservative design criteria adopted

- Critical clearing time (CCT) > 120 ms for 3-ph faults without auto-reclose

• 40 ms margin with respect to 80ms usual clearing

base time

• 120 ms is as severe as the Chilean grid code max clearing time

• 3-ph fault leads to 100 % voltage dip


• Assumptions

- No fast valving on IEM units

- IEM units operate close to unity PF

- Series capacitors includes MOV behavior during fault (triggered if current > 2 times the nominal)

• Impact of load model

- Simulations carried with both impedance and constant power models

TRANSIENT STABILITY

13 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project

Mejillones 220 kV

Mejillones 500 kV

Compensadora 500 kV

Cardones 500 kV

Maitencillo 500 kV

Pan de Azucar 500 kV

May 29th 2013

• Stability criterion

- Rotor angle stability & oscillations damped

- No loss of synchronism between various parts of the system

- No voltage collapse

CCT below 120 ms

CCT below 150 ms

CCT higher 150 ms

Constant power load model

Impedance load model

SC1 220 197

SC2 296 271

SC3 487 399

SC4 515 432

SC5 533 381

SC6 530 395

SC7 391 271

SC1 432 55

SC2 762 60

SC3 >1000 98

SC4 >1000 125

SC5 667 128

SC6 662 141

SC7 495 136

SC1 133 114

SC2 185 146

SC3 271 136

SC4 307 222

SC5 398 177

SC6 427 312

SC7 365 284

Case 2

Case 3

Case 4

Locations CCT (ms)CCT (ms)

TRANSIENT STABILITY SYNTHESIS

• 1000 MW North South

- Satisfactory in terms of CCT’s with FSC=50%

- Most severe faults locations: close to IEM units in 220 kV

• 1000 MW South North (with all Mejillones units disconnected)

- CCT and angular stability adequate

- Large SING import means that a number of SING units will be stopped voltage instability observed with severe load model

- If realistic scenario Operational planning of CDEC – SING will need to define voltage support requirement

(must run, shunt compensation, SVC, etc.) versus level of import

• 1500 MW North South

- If 1500 MVA = design value, recommended to increase FSC level to 60% (65%/55%) to reach CCT>120 ms



GENERATION CONTINGENCIES IN SING & SIC

• Loss of Bocamina (358MW) in SIC & Loss of

Tocopilla U16 (360MW) in SING simulated

• SING large import

- Tocopilla trip with Z load (red curve)

- Tocopilla trip with S load (blue curve)

- Bocamina trip with S load (green curve)

Stable except for large unit trip in SING under

massive SING import and constant power load model

(voltage instability)

N-1 simulations

Impedant load model Case2 Case3 Case4 Case4a

Loss of Bocamina (SIC) STABLE STABLE STABLE STABLE

Loss of Tocopilla (SING) STABLE STABLE STABLE STABLE

Constant load model Case21 Case31 Case41 Case4a1

Loss of Bocamina (SIC) STABLE STABLE STABLE STABLE

Loss of Tocopilla (SING) STABLE STABLE STABLE STABLE

100 105 110 115 120

50.0

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Hz

[N-1SING3] NODE FREQUENCY 4605S/E Unit : Hz

[N-1SING3] NODE FREQUENCY 4605S/E Unit : Hz

[N-1SIC3] NODE FREQUENCY 4605S/E Unit : Hz

100 105 110 115 120

300

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s

kV

[N-1SING3] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV

[N-1SING3] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV

[N-1SIC3] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV

100 105 110 115 120

-600

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-0

s

MW

[N-1SING3] ACTIVE POWER : LINE 12206TER-12204TER-1 Unit : MW

[N-1SING3] ACTIVE POWER : LINE 12206TER-12204TER-1 Unit : MW

[N-1SIC3] ACTIVE POWER : LINE 12206TER-12204TER-1 Unit : MW

Voltage Mejillones 500 kV

Active power 1 circuit 500 kV SING SIC

Frequency Mejillones 500 kV


VOLTAGE STABILITY OF SING WITH LARGE HVDC IMPORT

• SING imports 1000 MW from SIC with an HVDC scheme injecting at Mejil. 220 kV

• Contingency: 120 ms 3-ph fault close to the inverter

- CSC technology commutation failure, blocking and restart of the converter under COL and CONTROL

- VSC technology converter blocking and restart when voltage

above a given threshold (e.g. 0.6 p.u.)

• Results depends on the load behaviour (i.e. the load dependency to voltage)

Similarly to HVAC interconnection, SING subject to voltage

instability with constant power load model and large HVDC import

9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0

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[VSC11] MACHINE : VSC1 REACTIVE POWER Unit : Mvar


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[VSC11] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV


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[VSC11] MACHINE : 210391 SPEED Unit : Hz


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Mvar



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[CSC11] MACHINE : 210391 SPEED Unit : Hz


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[CSC11] MACHINE : CSC1 ACTIVE POWER Unit : MW


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[CSC11] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV


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[CSC11] MACHINE : CSC1 REACTIVE POWER Unit : Mvar


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HVDC-CSC

HVDC-VSC

No advantage of HVDC technology under large SING import in that respect

- Although insufficient, VSC could support the voltage in a similar way as synchronous machine units in Mejillones but needs to be functionally designed as a STATCOM

- Localized injection

Constant power Impedance load

Constant power Impedance load

CONCLUSIONS

• SIC-SING AC interconnection feasible with significant bulk power transfer between Mejillones and Cardones to support load growth

- Usual FSC levels to reach transient stability with adequate margin

- Usual benefits of interconnection expected

• To keep in mind

- Operational planning processes should be adapted to the new system structure

- Load behaviour potential influence on interarea mode damping

- Potential lack of voltage stability margin following contingencies in SING under massive import, irrespective of interconnection technology, needs to be addressed


-Check PSS tuning, activate POD on Pan Azucar SVC - Design FSC to allow easy future upgrade to TCSC

Extension of the FSC compensated 500 kV trunk corridor from Polpaico to Cardones will reduce the electrical distances

Mitigation measures

-Operational planning: Level of import of SING (AC or DC) should be compatible with voltage support capability - Voltage stability margin potentially to be improved

Main enabler

Alternativas para la interconexión SIC-SING

La interconexión SIC-SING propuesta por GDF Suez resulta

más beneficiosa en todos los ámbitos, incluso en aspectos

técnicos y económicos.

ÍTEM Alternativa

HVDC

Alternativa

HVAC

Tecnología ±500 kV(DC) - bipolar con

retorno metálico

500 kV (AC) – doble circuito, con

S/E intermedia y FACTS

Capacidad 1500 MW 1500 MVA

Longitud 610 km 576 km

Calificación

Ambiental No Desde Junio de 2012

Inversión 850 millones US$ 600 millones US$

COMA* 12,5 millones US$ 9,0 millones US$

Plazo desde la

adjudicación 54 meses 30 meses

S/E en el SING Nueva Encuentro Nueva Mejillones

Criterio N-1

(redundancia) ¿? Cumple

También requiere refuerzo en alterna de

tramo Encuentro-Mejillones.

*Costo Operación Mantenimiento y Administración

18

Los beneficios de un suministro desde el SING al SIC

SIC

SING

Cuello de

botella

Cuello de

botella

GNL Quintero

GNL Mejillones

Polo termoeléctrico

Zona con fuerte

desarrollo

Desarrollos hidro

pequeños y medianos

Aprovechar recursos y capacidades existentes

19

Optimización del exceso de capacidad en el SING como

solución ante falta de oferta eficiente en Norte del SIC.

Mayor uso de Gas Natural.

A largo plazo, optimización de operación de sistema único

SIC/SING.

Gracias por su atención

20

CIGRE – Comité Chileno - Proyecto Mejillones Cardones 500 ......Presentation to CIGRE Chileno D....

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