THE IMPACT OF CIE 140 ON

STREETLIGHTING IN SOUTH AFRICA

SEMINAR: Public Lighting Networks – How to reduce energy

consumption: Eskom Convention Centre, Midrand: 03 March 2008

Revisions to SANS 10098-1

� Replace all references to C.I.E. 30.2 with C.I.E. 140

� Replace reference to computer calculations with “All Windows based

street lighting calculation computer programs commercially available

to-day, using the methods given in CIE publication 140”

� Replace reference to design methods with : “All design methods shall

be based on the calculation methods given in CIE 140”

� Include a statement that design criteria given shall comply with the

calculation methods of CIE 140

Revised SANS 10098-1:2007 Edition 3.3

published late last year !

Revisions to SANS ARP 035

• Clause 2.2 - Replace the 2nd paragraph with the following: "The calculation of lighting

values, as given in tables 1 and 2 of SANS 10 098-1, is achieved by using any reputable

Windows based commercially available street lighting computer program. Most

luminaire manufacturers have had their luminaires photometered by the SABS, or any

other accredited national or international laboratory, and can provide the designer/user

with an electronic data file of the luminaire's light distribution which can be used in these

computer programs. These electronic data files are normally generated from the source

data which is the intensity distribution tables, polar diagrams, etc, which the SABS will

provide in hard copy format. The designer/user can verify the integrity of the electronic

data file by comparing the intensity values at various horizontal and vertical angles in the

electronic data file to the intensity values of the corresponding angles in the hard copy

source data. This can be easily done with one of the many photometric analytical tools

which are also commercially available today."

• Clause 2.2.3 - Replace the 4th sentence with the following: "Tenderers should be

requested to submit their electronic data files, including the original source data in hard

copy format issued by the SABS, together with the actual designs in electronic format

which support their claims on the price schedule form, for verification by the end user."

Revisions to SANS ARP 035

• Clause 2.4 - Replace the last sentence with: "All reputable Windows based street lighting

computer programs commercially available today have the option of printing out a table

of illuminance values of the final luminance design, in order to verify the design on site."

• Clause 4.3 - Replace the 3rd sentence with the follow: "This intensity table should be

converted by the SABS and/or luminaire supplier into a suitable electronic format for use

with any of the commercially available street lighting computer programs."

• Clause 5.6.2 - Delete the note that referred to the SABS 098 program at the bottom of the

paragraph.

Revised ARP 035:2007 Edition 2.3 published

late last year !

The CIE 140..., what for ?

� To update and replace CIE 30.2 (1982),

Calculation and measurements of illuminance

and luminance in road lighting

� It gives the methods which CIE 115 (1995) and

CIE 136 (2000) require for their

recommendations

Was there a real need to update

CIE 30.2?

YES

CIE 30.2 came out just after the luminance

concept was accepted: there was very little

experience with it.

And this is CIE 140 major improvement: all the

things that experience has revealed during the

past 20 years.

What are the most significant changes ?

� Road surfaces characteristics are not dealt with any more in this

document

� Luminous intensity data for luminaires are reviewed: shorter angular

intervals for I-tables

� Interpolation methods for I-tables and r-tables are reviewed and

more completely developed

� Calculation grids for both luminance and illuminance are changed

� Method of calculating TI has changed

What are the most significant changes ?

�Luminous intensity data for

luminaires are reviewed: shorter

angular intervals for I-tables

10° and 15°

steps

10° and 15°

steps

5° steps

5° steps2.5° steps

2.5° steps10 and 5°

steps

Values of luminous intensities are required over the range of angular intervals

1° steps

Calculations will be more accurate, because we have more detailed information.

I-TABLE SCANNED ACCORDING

TO C.I.E. 30.2

I-TABLE SCANNED ACCORDING

TO C.I.E. 140

What are the most significant changes ?

�Interpolation methods for I-tables and

r-tables are reviewed and more

completely developed

Interpolation of luminous intensity data

Linear Interpolation

C C Cm m+1

j+1

j

In the case of I, where we have measured values

in shorter angular intervals.

C C Cm m+2

j+1

j

j+2

Cm+1

Quadratic Interpolation

In the case of I, where we have measured

values in wider angular intervals.

What are the most significant changes ?

�Calculation grids for both luminance

and illuminance are changed

S

D

D≤≤≤≤5m, N=10D=S/N

CIE 30.2

S

D

D/2

D≤≤≤≤3m, N=10D=S/N

CIE 140

For Luminance calculation

Before S = 50 m. Now S = 30 m.

D/2

For luminance calculations

x

x

x

x x xx x xx x x

Wl d =Wl/3

d /2

x

x

x

x x xx x xx x x

Before S = 50 m. Now S = 30 m.

d/2

For illuminance calculations

Wr/3

Wr standing for “Width of relevant area”

For Luminance calculation

W

W/4 Wt/2

WtWt/2

h=1,5m

60m

CIE 30.2 CIE 140

o : observer for Lave and Uo

x : observer for UL

ooo

oo

o

oo

The Lave

and U ore

tain

ed are

the l

owest o

nes of t

he

thre

e lanes

What are the most significant changes ?

�Method of calculating TI has changed

TI Calculation

(%)28.0

Θ⋅⋅=

Θ

aveL

EkTI

Before, k = 650

Now we can take the observer age into account

+⋅=

4

4.661641

Agek

TI Calculation – SHOULD WE CHANGE THE AGE?

• In the CIE 140, there is indeed the possibility to change the age of observer.

• The initial value of K corresponds to an age of 23 years.

• In practice, nobody "plays" with that possibility. Which age would be more convenient ?

• Why 23 years has been chosen ?

• Finally, nobody cares about that and we all continue to use the "default" value of 23 years. Indeed, what argument could be found to change that ?

TI calculations

2,75 (H-1,5m)

Before - only one observer position for TI calculations

Now - observer in the initial position and repeated with the

observer moved forwards in increments which are the same

in number and distance as are used for the longitudinal

spacing D of luminance calculation points.

Example

- highway - 3 traffic lanes (Wt=3,5m), central reservation (5.5m)

- class A1 (SANS10098-1), Lav(2cd/m2), Uo(40%), Ul(70%), TI (15%)

- central pole position, H=13m, overhang 0m

- class R3, Qo=0,07

- BEKASTRADA SUPRA 400W HPS/T

l

v

l

l(m)

v(m)

2.5m

0.5m

57m

Results

79.942.02.33

77.740.02.59

0.4634.111.882.440.12.8257CIE 140

0.4227.612.279.440.22.2860CIE

30.2

UoeETIUlUoLS

Practical implications

• No more SABS 098 program for street lighting calculations

• Slightly shorter spacings in some cases

• No more encrypted data

• SABS to change their measurement methods

• Municipalities to change their specifications to exclude references to ;-

• Data on 3.5 inch diskettes

• Encrypted data

• Designs to be done with SABS 098 program

Conclusion

• RSA now in line with the rest of the world

• Street lighting calculations now more accurate ensuring greater safety for motorists

• Users and suppliers now have a choice of which software to use

Conclusion

• Software packages compatible with CIE 140 include:-

• ULYSSE

• RELUX

• AGI32

•

Thank you for your attention !