CIDB Demolition Seminar_Dr. Arham Slide
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Transcript of CIDB Demolition Seminar_Dr. Arham Slide
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 1 DR ARHAM ABDULLAH © All right reserved Affiliate Member Institute of Demolition Engineers UK
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1. Overview of Demolition Industry in Malaysia
2. Demolition of Building & Engineer’s Liability Based on Code of Practice MS 2318:2012
3. Demolition Process and Procedures
4. Demolition Plan
5. Demolition Methods
6. Safety & Health Provision in Demolition Works
7. HIRARC in Demolition Works
8. Demolition Best Practices
9. Demolition Case Study
10. Conclusion
Contents
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Overview of Demolition Industry in Malaysia
• Aimed to describe the health and safety issue that will allow
demolition work to be conducted on a basis of good practices based
on MS2318:2012.
• In view of shortage of land to cater market demands, redevelopment
seems to be the best option to make way for new development which
leads to demolition.
• Demolition industry can be considered as one of the most hazardous
operations with highly intricate tasks that can contributes in number of
incidents and fatalities around the world including Malaysia. i.e. The
tragic demolition project of Jaya Supermarket in Petaling Jaya,
Selangor, which killed 7 workers.
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Introduction
Overview of Demolition Industry
Jaya Supermarket Collapsed, 28th May 2009
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The Building Collapsed during the Demolition Works
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Demolition Works Before the Building Collapsed
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The Building Collapsed During Demolition Killing 7 Workers
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Overview of Demolition Industry
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Demolished hotel falls onto Edmonton street in Canada 2010
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Unplanned demolition collapse caused to Southend Council Car Park in UK 2011
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Steel structure collapsed in South China's Guangxi Zhuang
(kills six, injures two)
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Overview of Demolition Industry
Uptown Theatre Toronto collapse during demolition 2003
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Overview of Demolition Industry
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Overview of Demolition Industry
Recent Demolition Projects in Malaysia:
• Flat Pekeliling; Penjara Pudu; Flat PKNS di Jalan Jelatek; Ibu Pejabat Polis
Daerah Cheras; Angkasaraya Building, Jalan Ampang; Car Park One Utama
Shoping Complex; JB City Square; Axim Building; Bolton Court, Jalan Bukit
Ceylon; Jaya Supermarket; Galaxy Office Building; Colgate Pamolive
Building, PJ; Flat Lumba kuda, Bukit Chagar, JB; Building Structures Istana
TMJ; Plaza Ampang Yow Chuan; FFM Structures, Klang Selangor; RMAF
Runaway; Plaza Mayang, Taman Megah; UTM Jalan Semarak; 385 Ft Prai
Chimney; 9 Bridges for Double Track Project; Office Building and CarPark at
Menara Tun Razak, Hentian Bas Klang, etc.
JENIS AKTIVITI PEROBOHAN di MBPJ Jan-Dec 2010 BILANGAN AKTIVITI
MELALUI KEBENARAN MERANCANG (SEPERTI BANGLO, BANGUNAN BERSKALA BESAR)
25
KEDIAMAN INDIVIDU (SEPERTI RUMAH TERES, RUMAH BERKEMBAR) DIPERINGKAT JABATAN
14
KILANG, KOMERSIL DLL 11
Overview of Demolition Industry in Malaysia
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Demolition of Building & Engineer’s Liability
Based on Code of Practice MS 2318:2012
Contents Page No.
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Definitions 2
4 Planning 4
5 Precautionary measures 11
6 Methods of demolition 34
7 Special structures 78
8 Site supervision and inspection 94
Refer to MS 2318
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“Means dismantling, razing, destroying or wrecking any building or structure or any part thereof by
pre-planned and controlled methods”
(MS 2318: 2010, Malaysian Standard for Demolition of Buildings - Code of Practice)
“The controlled removal of selected part of the structure or key structural members to cause
complete collapse of the whole or part of the building structures” (BS 6187: 2000)
“The complete or partial dismantling of a building or structure, by pre-planned and controlled
techniques or procedures” (AS 2601: 2000)
“Dismantling, razing, destroying or wrecking any building or structure or any part thereof by pre-
planned and controlled techniques” (Building Department Hong Kong, 2004)
“Dismantling, wrecking, pulling down or knocking down of any building or structure or part
thereof” (Department of Labour New Zealand, 1994)
These definitions can be summarized as:
“The removal, dismantling, destruction, razing, wrecking, pulling down or knocking down of any
building or structure by pre-planned and controlled techniques to cause complete collapse of the
whole or part of the building or structure” (Arham Abdullah, PhD Thesis ‘Intelligent Selection of
Demolition Techniques’ Loughborough University UK 2003)
Definitions “Demolition”
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The building is no longer safe to live in i.e. Fire,
Natural Disaster, End of Building Life
The building was not constructed according to assessments by the Local
Authority
Buildings that were built illegally or without
approval from relevant parties
The building is part of the regeneration,
rehabilitation and redevelopment project
Decision to Demolish
Demolition Process and Procedures
Decision to Demolish
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START
Building owner initiates demolition work and appointments Engineer
Engineer to: - review records; - inspect site & bldg; - prepare demolition plan
Apply permits from other relevant authorities (if any)
Submits to LA to notify on intention to carry out demolition work
Demolition commences
Upon completion: - Engineer certifies structural safety of remaining structures if there’s any left standing
- Engineer informs Local Authority - Contractor inform DOSH
No objection
Objection
After 4 days (Local Authority)
Contractor to notify DOSH within 7 days together with demolition plan
END
Resubmit - necessary documents
Appointment of contractor
NOTE. This flowchart applies to common
methods of demolition, excluding special
methods such as wrecking ball and
implosion.
Engineer to submit demolition plans, dilapidation survey, insurances, permits and Form B (Notice to Commence Work) to Local Authority
Local Authority Processes
Demolition Procedures
MS2318:2010 (P) Annex F
Registration of Specialized
Demolition Contractors with
CIDB. “Kategori B26,
Pembinaan Bangunan
Pengkhususan Kerja
Meroboh”
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Demolition Process
Ref: Abdullah, A. (2003), PhD Thesis Intelligent Selection of Demolition Techniques, Loughborough University
Demolition Process and Procedures
Post Demolition Stage
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In a demolition project several process and procedures need to be followed to ensure the health and safety of the person on and off the demolition site .
Developing a Demolition
Strategy
Building Information
Selecting Appropriate Techniques
Preliminary Aspects Prior to Site Demolition
Work
Demolition Process and Procedures
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• method of construction used for the original building and its proximity to
other buildings, structures and the general public.
• location, the cost and availability of tipping and disposal and the
desirability and economics of reuse
Demolition Process and Procedures
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Information on buildings in terms of "as built" drawings and structural details
may often be unavailable or unreliable, and consequently some investigative
site and desk work may be necessary, both to ascertain the way in which the
building was originally constructed, and to identify the stresses and strains
which exist within it.
In order to plan the most efficient method of demolition, it is important to
have a full understanding of the method of construction and the stress
patterns imposed upon the building. Failure to do so may result in risks to
the safety of both those involved in the demolition and those in close
proximity to the site.
Building Information
Demolition Process and Procedures
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Selecting Appropriate Techniques
Majors factors to be considered
Structure Characteristic
Site Conditions
Past Experiences
Cost
Reuse & Recycling
Time
Demolition Process and Procedures
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Selecting Appropriate Techniques
Goal: To select the most appropriate demolition technique
Structure Characteristic
Height
Type
Stability
Degree of demolition
Use of the structure
Site Conditions
Health & safety for the person on and off site
Acceptable level of nuisance
Proximity of the nearest adjacent structure
Site accessibility
Past experience
Familiarity with a specified technique
Availability of plant and equipment
Availability of expertise
Cost
Total cost compared to each of the demolition techniques
Reuse & recycling
Level of reuse and recycling
Time
Total demolition time
Demolition Process and Procedures
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Preliminary Aspects Prior to Site Demolition
Work
Conducting a site and building survey, with a
structural bias;
The examination of drawings and details of
existing construction where available;
The preparation of details and drawings from site
survey activities where no such information is
available;
Establishing previous use of premises, especially
with regard to flammable substances or substances
hazardous to health or safety;
Programming the sequence of demolition
work;
The preparation of a Method Statement
Considerations should be given to:-
Demolition Process and Procedures
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Demolition Plan (Annex B, D, E MS2318)
References
Annex B Demolition plan checklist 99
Annex D Example of demolition plan and stability report for top down by manual method 104
Annex E Example of demolition plan and stability report for top down method by machines 123
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• Demolition plan is one of the phase involve in demolition process
which covers all the steps acquire to identify, assess an control hazard which might occur at the workplace during the demolition work.
• Plan to undertake a demolition work without creating risks, and to execute it in a safe and orderly manner, requires careful planning of each stage of the demolition.
• A stability report accompanied by demolition plan which includes stability checking calculations for the building to be demolished, its supports, if any, the adjoining properties and the loading due to powered mechanical plants, or equipment.
• The demolition plan shall ensure that during the course of demolition, no existing utilities in the vicinity of the demolition sites are affected by the demolition operation.
(Ref: MS2318)
Demolition Plan (Annex B, D, E MS2318)
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• An engineer shall carry out the building and structural survey
and then prepare a demolition plan in accordance with 4.1.3 (Demolition plan and stability report including calculations) to be submitted to local authority.
• The demolition plan shall be properly engineered by a competent and experienced geotechnical engineer. Maintaining adequate
ground support by backfilling or structural support during demolition work
is important.
• A demolition plan shall be provided to the foundation contractor
so that the shoring work installed during demolition are considered and protected during the foundation work.
(Ref: MS2318)
Demolition Plan (Annex B, D, E MS2318)
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The demolition plan should consists of , but not be limited to, the following information: B1 General Information
B2 Location plan
B3 Existing building information
B4 The layout of the building, including sections, and
existing structural information
B5 Demolition procedure and sequence of operation
B6 Precautionary measures
B7 Debris handling
B8 Special safety considerations
B9 Traffic
B10 Post-demolition arrangement
The demolition plan should be made available to all employees and a copy should be given to the health and safety representative.
Demolition Plan (Annex B, D, E MS2318)
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NO. Demolition Plan Contents
1. Description of the demolition Workplace
–detail about site condition, height of the structure, boundary distance
–Location of services (eg. Drainage, sewerage, pipelines)
–Hazardous materials ( eg. Asbestos )
–condition of structure on adjoining
2. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Control and Process Review
–Identification of Hazard
–Demolition contractors assessment
–Control measures
–Hierarchy of Controls (Elimination, Substitution, Isolation, Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, Personal Protective
Equipment)
3. Demolition Methods and Work Processes
–Description of the proposed method of demolition
–Number and types of major plant and equipment
–Method of access and to egress
–Description of the proposed hoardings, scaffolding, fencing and overhead sidewalk protection
–Details on measures to be taken
–Description of the methods proposed for handling and disposing of hazards material
4. Engineering Investigation
–Type of structural system
–“as-constructed” details of the component member, Load analysis
–Details of the structure regarding the strength and the compatibility with the proposed demolition method.
5. Induction and Training
–Description of the training involve for the employees
–Details on the training needs
6. Emergency procedures
–Emergency procedures detail (eg. First aid requirements, location of the nearest medical facility, contact numbers for emergency
services, communication that need to be established in work area)
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NO. Demolition Plan Contents
1. Description of the demolition Workplace
• Should contain all the information about the site such as the overall height of
the structure above ground level and minimum distance between the structures
that need to be demolish with each site of the boundary.
• It also must have all the details about the location of the services such as
drainage, sewerage, electricity, gas, water, telecommunication and all other
cases such as underground basement and hazardous material that can be found
in the workplace.
–detail about site condition, height of the structure, boundary distance
–Location of services (eg. Drainage, sewerage, pipelines)
–Hazardous materials ( eg. Asbestos )
–condition of structure on adjoining
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NO. Demolition Plan Contents
2. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Control and Process Review
• Identification of Hazard to health and safety that the demolition contractor
knows, or ought reasonably to know, will arise during demolition work.
• The demolition contractors assessment of the risks that may result because of
the hazards.
• The control measures the demolition contractor proposes to use to eliminate, or
where that is not practical, minimize the level of risk.
• The proposal for monitoring and reviewing the implementation and
effectiveness of the control measures. How and to whom additional hazards are
to be reported.
–Identification of Hazard
–Demolition contractors assessment
–Control measures
–Hierarchy of Controls (Elimination, Substitution, Isolation, Engineering
Controls, Administrative Controls, Personal Protective Equipment)
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NO. Demolition Plan Contents
3. Demolition Methods and Work Processes
• A description of the proposed method of demolition.
• The number and types of major plant and equipment to be used in the
demolition methods and their method of use.
• The methods of access to egress from the workplace.
• A description of the proposed hoardings, scaffolding, fencing and shoring of
walls and floors, to protect site personnel and adjoining structures, where the
structure to be demolished has been damaged by fire, flood, explosion, or some
other cause.
• A description of the methods proposed for handling and disposing hazardous
materials.
–Description of the proposed method of demolition
–Number and types of major plant and equipment
–Method of access and to egress
–Description of the proposed hoardings, scaffolding, fencing and overhead
sidewalk protection
–Details on measures to be taken
–Description of the methods proposed for handling and disposing of hazards
material
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NO. Demolition Plan Contents
4. Engineering Investigation In assessing the current load-carrying capacity of structural members, the structural engineer should take
account of:
• The strength and loading requirements of relevant Regulations and Standards relating to the members,
both those applying at the time of construction and those applying at the time of demolition.
• Any degradation of the structure materials.
• The capacity of the structure, as a whole or in part, to sustain loads without:
− Premature collapse of any part of the structure, or
− Deformation leading to static instability of the structure or any part of the structure.
The investigation should be carried out by a qualified structural engineer experienced in design and
construction. Where appropriate, they should be experienced in the demolition processes and should be
registered in the relevant area of practice with The Board of Engineers.
The engineer should investigate the structure by whatever means are necessary and determine as accurately as
possible:
• The type of structural system involved.
• “As-constructed” details of the component members.
• The current load-carrying capacity of the structure.
• The likelihood that the proposed methods and sequence of demolition can be executed without causing
an accidental collapse of the whole, or part of, the structure.
• Any other details of the structure’s strength, construction or contents which might influence the
selection of demolition procedures.
–Type of structural system
–“as-constructed” details of the component member, Load analysis
–Details of the structure regarding the strength and the compatibility with the proposed demolition method.
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NO. Demolition Plan Contents
5. Induction and Training
•The demolition contractor should identify the training needs and requirements of all personnel and
incorporate the training program in the Demolition Safety Plan.
•The detail and extent of the training program will depend on the hazards and risks associated with the
demolition work.
• Appropriate induction training should be provided for new personnel, including casual workers, and
whenever a worker is assigned to a new task or new work area.
•Training may also be necessary to enable the operators of industrial equipment to meet statutory
qualification requirements (Certificates of Competency).
•Training can be formal or on-the-job. It should take into account literacy levels, work experience and
specific skills required for the job. Trainees must be adequately supervised until they are competent to
perform the work safely.
•The demolition contractor should maintain records of the training programs and the competencies
attained by individual workers.
–Description of the training involve for the employees
–Details on the training needs
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NO. Demolition Plan Contents
6. Emergency procedures
•Before work commences, the demolition contractor should provide for first aid
requirements and prompt medical attention in the case of serious injury.
• These emergency procedures should be documented in the Demolition Safety Plan.
•Contact numbers for emergency services should be prominently displayed. Evacuation
procedures should be established and communicated to all workers.
•A reliable and effective means of communication should be established between all areas
of work and the demolition supervisor, to permit and ensure effective evacuation of danger
areas.
•Rescue procedures need to be planned where workers are required to:
− work at heights, using individual fall arrest systems
− enter confined spaces.
–Emergency procedures detail (eg. First aid requirements, location of the nearest medical
facility, contact numbers for emergency services, communication that need to be established
in work area)
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Demolition Methods
Deconstruction
Deliberate Collapse Mechanism
Progressive Demolition BS 6187:2000
Code of Practice for
Demolition UK
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Breaking away the structure by
machine mounted percussive
breaker or other hydraulic
attachments
Deconstruction or Top-down
Technique by manual
Deconstruction or Top-down
Technique by machines
Breaking away the concrete by
hand held jack hammer,
pneumatic breaker or other
hand held tools
Deconstruction or Top-down Technique are those techniques that proceed from
the roof to ground in a general trend. On a floor by floor downward sequence,
depending on site conditions and structural elements to be demolished
Deconstruction
Demolition Methods
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Explosive Wire Rope Pulling
Demolition by deliberate collapse is the removal of the key structural members to
cause complete collapse of the whole or part of the building structures
Deliberate Collapse Mechanism
Demolition Methods
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Long Reach Machine with various
hydraulic attachments
Demolition Ball
The progressive demolition is the controlled removal of sections of the structure,
at the same time retaining the stability of the remainder and avoiding collapse of
the whole or part of the structure to be demolished.
Progressive Demolition
Demolition Methods
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Methods Activities Operation Applicability
Top down manual with
jack hammer or
pneumatic hammer
Breaking away the
concrete by hand held
jack hammer or
pneumatic hammer
-On a floor by floor
downward sequence -
Need precautionary
measures for
restricted site
-Broad scope of application -Effective
in narrow and localized place
Top down by machine
percussive breaker
Breaking away the
structure by machine
mounted percussive
break
-On a floor by floor
downward sequence -
Adequate floor
support for machine -
Need precautionary
measures for
restricted site
-Wide range of application -Good
mobility
Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)
Demolition Methods (Table 5 MS2318)
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Methods Activities Operation Applicability
Top down by machine
hydraulic crusher
Breaking away the
structure by machine
mounted hydraulic
crusher
-On a floor by floor
downward sequence -
Adequate floor
support for machine -
Need precautionary
measures for
restricted site
-Wide range of application -Good
mobility -Ability to separate steel bars
and frames
Hydraulic crusher with
long boom
Breaking away the
structure by machine
mounted hydraulic
crusher With long arm
extension
-Restrictive entry to
work area -Flat and
firm working ground -
Adequate clear space
-Wide range of application -Good
mobility -Ability to separate steel bars
and frames
Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)
Demolition Methods (Table 5 MS2318)
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Methods Activities Operation Applicability
Wrecking ball Destruction by impact
of steel ball
suspended from a
crane
-Restrictive entry to
work area -Flat and
firm working ground -
Adequate clear space
-Good efficiency -Poor application for
underground columns and
foundations
Implosion Use of explosive -Protection from
noise, debris and
vibration -Qualified
blaster -Notification
and evacuation of
neighbourhood -Check
and cautiously handle
of misfiring
-Excellent demolition strength -Could
shorten the work period and reduce
labour -Risk assessment required to
be continued
Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)
Demolition Methods (Table 5 MS2318)
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Methods Activities Operation Applicability
Mechanical method
with machinery
Toppling or breaking
away structure by
large machinery from
outside the building
-Prevent toppling in
the wrong direction
and uncontrolled
collapse -Film working
ground
-Good efficiency -Poor application for
underground structure
Saw cutting with
circular saw or chain
saw
Cutting with circular
saw or chain saw
-Solid working
platform -
Arrangement for
hoisting out
-Allows precise separation
Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)
Demolition Methods (Table 5 MS2318)
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Methods Activities Operation Applicability
Wire saw cutting Cutting with wire saw -Solid working
platform -
Arrangement for
hoisting out section -
Counter measure to
prevent danger of wire
breaks
-Allows precise separation -Good for
cutting massive structures
Drilling Coring, drilling and
cutting by stitch
drilling
-Solid working
platform
-Allows precise separation -Good for
cutting massive structures
Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)
Demolition Methods (Table 5 MS2318)
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Methods Activities Operation Applicability
Non explosive
demolition agent
Expansion pressure
from absorption of
CaO or other chemical
reaction
-Good for foundation
Thermal lance Use of intense heat by
fusion of metal
-Protection of person
and properties from
intensive heat
Water jet Jetting of water at
high pressure
-Protection of person
and properties from
high pressure water
Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)
Demolition Methods (Table 5 MS2318)
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Safety & Health Provision in Demolition Work
Acts and Regulations Date of commencement
Code of Practice for Building Operations Code,
MS 282: Part 1 to 9 : 1975
Jun1975
The Factories and Machinery Act 1967
(Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction) (Safety) Regulation 1986
1 October 1986
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
24 Februari 1994
Guidelines for Public Safety and Health in
Construction Site
1994
Demolition of Buildings-Code of Practice
(1st Revision) MS 2318: 2010 (P)
2010
Guideline for Building Demolition (Majlis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya, MBPJ)
2011
Ref: Ily Hanisah Mohd Fauzey and Faridah Ismail, (2011) Demolition Work In Malaysia: The Safety Provisions
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Acts and Regulations Descriptions
Code of Practice for Building Operations Code, MS 282:
Part 1 to 9 : 1975
• This is the first Code of Practice (COP) in Malaysia that has the safe practice provisions for demolition work (section 1) published under the authority of the Standard Council in June 1975. • This COP covers all aspects of works related to every phase of building operations to achieved desired standard of safety for every person linked or might be affected by the building industry and also including the safety of the public. • The basic requirements for the operations or procedures are only applicable to ordinary building construction and not for heavy or specialised types of work e.g., dam construction, river and revetment works, electric transmission line construction etc. Other existing legislations are not deliberately to be superseded by this Code.
Safety & Health Provision in Demolition Work
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Acts and Regulations Descriptions
The Factories and Machinery
Act 1967 (Building Operations and
Works of Engineering Construction) (Safety)
Regulation 1986
• The history of Factories and Machinery Act (1986) 1967 can be trace back since 120 years ago, in the late 19th century, with the first establishment of steam boiler safety (1878) and later machinery safety (1914).
• The FMA 1986 gazetted on 1st October 1986 was an act under the FMA 1967 which covers building operations and works of engineering construction. The provisions of FMA 1986 are supposed to be an addition to and not substitution or lessening any requirements enforced by or under the FMA 1967.
Safety & Health Provision in Demolition Work
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Acts and Regulations
Descriptions
Occupational
Safety and Health Act 1994
• Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) became the new legislation on occupational safety and health after being approved by the Parliament in 1993 and gazetted in February 1994.
• OSHA 1994 is an act that provides the legislative framework for almost every industry in Malaysia after considering the fact that FMA 1967 only covered certain industries in Malaysia. Although it did not specify detailed safety and health measures need to be followed for each works/activities involved in the particular industry or organization, this Act is a practical tool superimpose on existing safety and health legislation.
• A person or organization is never prosecuted under Code of Practice or guidelines but they will be prosecuted under OSHA 1994. For example, if the employee negligently not practices a safe working environment under Code of Practice of Demolition Building MS 2318, he will be prosecuted under OSHA 1994 under general duties of employer.
• OSHA 1994 also overrules or supersedes any previous occupational safety and health laws. For example, if there is any event of conflict and inconsistency between FMA 1986 and OSHA 1994, OSHA will supersede the FMA 1986.
Safety & Health Provision in Demolition Work
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Acts and Regulations
Descriptions
Guidelines for
Public Safety and Health in
Construction Site
• This guideline provides a general safety and health provisions for demolition works to serve as a handy reference to protect general public in that area or pedestrian from hazards associated with it. The provisions stated shall be reviewed together with other existing legislations and code of practices, as its aim to help practitioners and workers on site.
• The guideline has undergone revision in 2007 to improve the good work practice
among all parties at the workplace to prevent accident to the workers and public. The previous guideline consists of general standard of references on general provisions, preparatory work and catch platforms for demolition operations. Where else, the current guideline shows an improvement by having more details about the good practice for demolition work safety and health.
Safety & Health Provision in Demolition Work
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Acts and Regulations
Descriptions
Guidelines for
Public Safety and Health in
Construction Site
• The current provision adds risk assessment study and competency of designated personnel requirement in general provision. An additional provision has been added regarding the work during demolition process. It sets out the responsibility of contractor in providing necessary information related to safety and health to worker and public, following the demolition sequence and method provided by demolition/structural engineer, ensuring the compliances of safety and health plan requirement, providing personal protective equipment (PPE) and lastly adequate steps in managing debris and dust in the workplace.
Safety & Health Provision in Demolition Work
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Acts and Regulations Descriptions
Demolition of Buildings-
Code of Practice (1st Revision) MS 2318:
2010 (P)
• This Code of Practice (COP) is the latest Standard for demolition of buildings in Malaysia based on Hong Kong Code of Practice resulting from a major tragedy that blow up and became huge controversy in the Malaysian demolition industry in 2009.
• Earlier provision or legislation appeared to be too general and not specific to demolition work. It has been developed by the technical committee for construction practices under the supervision of Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia.
• This COP is adapted to provide guidance on the safe and good
practices for demolition work and for compliance with the requirements of the relevant provisions by local authorities. However, aspects related to occupational safety and health are not included and should be referenced to other relevant requirements and regulations.
Safety & Health Provision in Demolition Work
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Acts and Regulations Descriptions
Demolition of Buildings-
Code of Practice (1st Revision) MS 2318:
2010 (P)
The COP outlined guidelines applicable to: a) Buildings demolition work b) Individual structures c) Partial demolition of buildings d) Basements e) Underground tanks f) Common civil engineering structures, e.g., silos, industrial plants, piers, etc.
• Major civil engineering works are not applicable or covered in this COP, such as underpinning, excavation, highway or railway bridges, dams and steel or timber structures in buildings. Regardless of this lacking, it is hope that the new Malaysian Standard can provide or assist demolition practitioners with more details and appropriate approach to improve safety and health management.
Safety & Health Provision in Demolition Work
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HIRARC in Demolition Works
• Guideline for Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk
Control (HIRARC) – DOSH 2008
• Hazard and Risk in Demolition (Refer to Code of Practice)
• Asbestos in Demolition
• Example HIRARC in Demolition
• Demolition Checklist
• Links to Managing Safety on Industrial Demolition Projects
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General Site Provisions
Shoring and Underpinning
The demolition contractor has a legal obligation to show technical competence when carrying out the work. When removing sections of the building which could have leave other parts unsafe, adequate temporary supports and shoring etc. must be
provided.
Protective Clothing
Buildings where chemicals have been stored or where asbestos, lead paint, dust or fumes may be present will require specialized protective clothing, e.g. respirators, helmets, goggles, footwear, gloves, etc. Projecting nails, pieces of metal, etc. resulting from
demolition can cause accidents.
Plant and Equipment
Must only be operated by skilled operators and must be regularly serviced.
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General Site Provisions (Con’t)
Weather Conditions
These can affect safety. Strong winds or drifting snow against unsafe walls, suspended floors etc. which are unpropered may lead to collapse.
Debris
Sections of the building must not be overloaded with debris either on suspended floors or against party walls.
Working Areas
These will need to be well signposted and clear warnings given that demolition work is in progress. This may include the necessity for some kind of lighting.
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General Site Provisions (Con’t)
Scaffolding and Hoarding
These must be constructed and illuminated to the relevant building regulations.
Overhead Cables
An crane heights etc. must be checked against the height of any surrounding overhead cables to avoid damage and cutting off supplies etc.
Flooding
The build-up of water can sometimes be hazardous
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Demolition Hazards & Control Measures
HIRARC in Demolition HIRARC in Demolition Works
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Hazards - Physical
● Falling from height
● Falls through openings & fragile materials
● Uncontrolled/premature collapse
● Noise
● Flying debris
● HAVS from tools
● Whole body vibration from vehicles
HIRARC in Demolition Works
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● Cause nearby structures to collapse
● Live services – gas, electric, water
● Fire
● Broken glass from windows
● Unguarded machinery
● Floods
● Electric shock
● Manual Handling
HIRARC in Demolition Works
Hazards - Physical
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● Dust
● Asbestos
● Silica
● Residual contamination from previous use E.g. hospitals, industrial processes
Hazards - Physical
HIRARC in Demolition Works
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● Risk Assessment
● Competent, trained staff
● Safe system of work (derived from RA)
● PPE – helmets, boots, dust masks etc.
● Safe demolition requires planning
● Keep people as far away as possible
● Use of demolition method statements
Control Measures
HIRARC in Demolition Works
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● Supervision by competent person
● Where possible, demolish in reverse order of construction
● Referring to Act, Regulations, Guidelines and Code of Practice
● Protect machine cabs to guard against falling objects
● Temporary props may be required to support unstable structures
Control Measures
HIRARC in Demolition Works
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● Remove debris as it builds up to prevent floors/walls collapsing
● Disconnect live services (although water may be required in event of a fire)
● Remove hazardous materials
● Provide site hoardings where necessary (about 2.5m high)
● Do not allow materials to fall into area where people are working
Control Measures
HIRARC in Demolition Works
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● Fans or covered walkways may be needed to catch falling objects
● Erect warning notices around hoardings
● Remove window panes before demolition
● Erect warning notices on doors, especially where floors have been removed
Control Measures
HIRARC in Demolition Works
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● Damp area down with water for dust control
● Use rubbish chutes and barrier off skip area
● Provide safe access & egress (especially where there are no floors)
● High standard of housekeeping
● Secure ladders
● Use safety harnesses where necessary
● Create a buffer zone around the demolition area
Control Measures
HIRARC in Demolition Works
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Demolition Best Practices
Demolition Scheduling and Site Protection
Hazardous Materials
Environmental Concerns
Codes and Standards
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Demolition is often loosely regulated in rural areas--where buildings are not densely packed--and the built structures themselves are often smaller with fewer recyclable materials. Demolition in these circumstances is usually uncomplicated, in that the structure can be knocked down and the debris can be removed all together and taken to a landfill.
A schedule of demolition activities will be useful to avoid interference with any concurrent operations and to minimize any disruption of utilities and services.
The architect or engineer will produce the necessary documents which clearly outline the requirements for protecting individuals, adjacent buildings, and any remaining site improvements and utilities during the demolition operations.
Scheduling And Site Protection
Demolition Best Practices
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Scheduling And Site Protection (cont…)
Some of the conditions need to be controlled in order to protect the safety of individuals and property within the vicinity include: the amount of dust created, the potential release of mold into the atmosphere, and the amount of vibration produced that might affect surrounding structures or the operation of nearby equipment.
Local authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted to review rules and regulations prior to any demolition activities for specific requirements for the control of dust and other pollutants during demolition operations.
Demolition Best Practices
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Hazardous Materials
With the demolition of structures and buildings, especially older structures, comes the need to deal with hazardous materials. Through a building survey conducted by a qualified professional, the architect or engineer will know the types, extent, and condition of hazardous materials present.
Hazardous materials include, but are not limited to asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), and lead. The potential for the release of asbestos, which is the most common hazardous material found in buildings, is of particular concern.
The demolition contractor will use the services of a licensed abatement contractor ( a contractor who specialize in the removal of hazardous materials)
Demolition Best Practices
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Environmental Concerns
In a sense, demolition contractors were "green" before going green was mainstream, because there have long been economic incentives to recycle materials such as asphalt, wood, metal, brick and concrete. As a result, the demolition contractor has a greater awareness of construction waste management and disposal. There is a greater interest in “deconstructing” a building to reduce the amount of waste going to landfills. This method allows the contractor to recover, reuse, and recycle much of the demolition waste.
Demolition Best Practices
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Demolition Codes & Standard
Demolition Best Practices
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Demolition Case Studies
• Case Study 1
• Case Study 2
• Case Study 3
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Introduction
Overview of Demolition Industry
Jaya Supermarket Collapsed, 28th May 2009 Demolition Works Before the Building Collapsed The Building Collapsed during the Demolition Works The Building Collapsed During Demolition Killing 7 Workers
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• The demolition of any type of structure is unique due to the shear
number of parameters that govern the demolition process. A parameter,
which might be of great importance on a particular demolition project,
might not be so if, for instance, the same demolition project was
considered with a different site confinement.
•The changing nature of demolition parameters from one demolition
project to another makes the selection of demolition techniques difficult
and a risky process for the demolition engineers.
•Demolition involves dangerous operation and therefore HIRARC need to
be done to ensure the safety of the person on and off site.
• Form an association for demolition contractor and demolition engineers
– Increase professionalism i.e. Institute of Demolition Engineers UK,
National Federation of Demolition Contractors NFDC (UK), National
Association of Demolition Contractors NADC (US) – i.e. “Malaysian
Federation of Demolition Contractors (MFDC)”
Conclusion
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THANK YOU..
ASSOC. PROF. DR ARHAM ABDULLAH CIVIL ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA [email protected]
Notes: Please visits Institute of Demolition Engineers (UK) for more information
on promoting and fostering the science of Demolition Engineering.
(http://www.demolitionengineers.net/ja15/ )
Innovative Demolition Research Group UTM
http://www.icc.utm.my/demolition/index.htm