Cicuit Components1

G6 - CIRCUIT COMPONENTS G6 - CIRCUIT COMPONENTS [3 exam question - 3 groups][3 exam question - 3 groups]

G6AG6A Resistors; capacitors; inductors Resistors; capacitors; inductors

G6BG6B Rectifiers; solid state diodes and transistors; solar Rectifiers; solid state diodes and transistors; solar cells; vacuum tubes; batteries cells; vacuum tubes; batteries

G6CG6C Analog and digital integrated circuits (IC's); Analog and digital integrated circuits (IC's); microprocessors; memory; I/O devices; microprocessors; memory; I/O devices; microwave IC's (MMIC's ); display devices microwave IC's (MMIC's ); display devices

Cicuit Components2

Resistor RatingsResistor Ratings

G6A ResistorsG6A Resistors

• If the temperature of a carbon resistor is If the temperature of a carbon resistor is increased, increased, the resistance will change depending the resistance will change depending on the resistor’s temperature coefficient ratingon the resistor’s temperature coefficient rating

• The main disadvantage of using The main disadvantage of using conventional wire-wound resistors in a conventional wire-wound resistors in a resonant circuit resonant circuit is the resistor’s inductance is the resistor’s inductance could detune the circuitcould detune the circuit

• A thermistor A thermistor is a device having a controlled is a device having a controlled change in resistance with temperature variationschange in resistance with temperature variations

Cicuit Components3

G6A CapacitorsG6A Capacitors

• An electrolytic type of capacitor An electrolytic type of capacitor is often is often used in power-supply circuits to filter the used in power-supply circuits to filter the rectified ACrectified AC

• The primary advantage of ceramic The primary advantage of ceramic capacitorscapacitors is the comparatively low cost is the comparatively low cost

• An advantage of an electrolytic capacitor An advantage of an electrolytic capacitor is the high capacity for given volumeis the high capacity for given volume

• One effect of lead inductance in a One effect of lead inductance in a capacitor used at VHF and above capacitor used at VHF and above is is effective capacitance may be inducedeffective capacitance may be induced

Cicuit Components4

G6A Capacitors cont’dG6A Capacitors cont’d

The common name for a capacitor The common name for a capacitor connected across a transformer secondary connected across a transformer secondary that is used to absorb transient voltage that is used to absorb transient voltage spikes spikes is a Suppressor capacitoris a Suppressor capacitor

Cicuit Components5

G6A InductorsG6A Inductors

* The advantage of using a ferrite core with * The advantage of using a ferrite core with a toroidal inductor are:a toroidal inductor are:

* * Large values of inductance may be obtainedLarge values of inductance may be obtained

* The magnetic properties of the core may be * The magnetic properties of the core may be optimized for a specific range of frequenciesoptimized for a specific range of frequencies

* Most of the magnetic field is contained in the * Most of the magnetic field is contained in the corecore

* * Two solenoid inductors should be placed Two solenoid inductors should be placed with their winding axes at right angles to with their winding axes at right angles to each other each other to minimize their mutual to minimize their mutual inductanceinductance

Cicuit Components6

G 6A Inductors cont’dG 6A Inductors cont’d

• It might be important to minimize the It might be important to minimize the mutual inductance between two inductors mutual inductance between two inductors to reduce or eliminate unwanted couplingto reduce or eliminate unwanted coupling

• An effect of inter-turn capacitance in an An effect of inter-turn capacitance in an inductor inductor is the inductor may become self is the inductor may become self resonant at some frequenciesresonant at some frequencies

• The common name for an inductor used to The common name for an inductor used to help smooth the DC output from the help smooth the DC output from the rectifier in a conventional power supply rectifier in a conventional power supply is is a Filter chokea Filter choke

Cicuit Components7

Cicuit Components8

G6A01 What will happen to the G6A01 What will happen to the resistance if the temperature of a resistance if the temperature of a carbon resistor is increased?carbon resistor is increased?

A.A. It will increase by 20% for every 10 degrees It will increase by 20% for every 10 degrees centigradecentigrade

B.B. It will stay the sameIt will stay the same

C.C. It will change depending on the resistor's It will change depending on the resistor's temperature coefficient ratingtemperature coefficient rating

D.D. It will become time dependentIt will become time dependent

Cicuit Components9

G6A01 What will happen to the G6A01 What will happen to the resistance if the temperature of a resistance if the temperature of a carbon resistor is increased?carbon resistor is increased?

A.A. It will increase by 20% for every 10 degrees It will increase by 20% for every 10 degrees centigradecentigrade

B.B. It will stay the sameIt will stay the same

C.C. It will change depending on the resistor's It will change depending on the resistor's temperature coefficient ratingtemperature coefficient rating

D.D. It will become time dependentIt will become time dependent

Cicuit Components10

G6A02 What type of capacitor is often G6A02 What type of capacitor is often used in power-supply circuits to filter used in power-supply circuits to filter the rectified AC?the rectified AC?

A.A. Disc ceramicDisc ceramic

B.B. Vacuum variableVacuum variable

C.C. MicaMica

D.D. ElectrolyticElectrolytic

Cicuit Components11

G6A02 What type of capacitor is often G6A02 What type of capacitor is often used in power-supply circuits to filter used in power-supply circuits to filter the rectified AC?the rectified AC?

A.A. Disc ceramicDisc ceramic

B.B. Vacuum variableVacuum variable

C.C. MicaMica

D.D. ElectrolyticElectrolytic

Cicuit Components12

G6A03 Which of the following is the G6A03 Which of the following is the primary advantage of ceramic primary advantage of ceramic capacitors?capacitors?

A.A. Tight toleranceTight tolerance

B.B. High stabilityHigh stability

C.C. High capacitance for given volumeHigh capacitance for given volume

D.D. Comparatively low costComparatively low cost

Cicuit Components13

G6A03 Which of the following is the G6A03 Which of the following is the primary advantage of ceramic primary advantage of ceramic capacitors?capacitors?

A.A. Tight toleranceTight tolerance

B.B. High stabilityHigh stability

C.C. High capacitance for given volumeHigh capacitance for given volume

D.D. Comparatively low costComparatively low cost

Cicuit Components14

G6A04 Which of the following is an G6A04 Which of the following is an advantage of an electrolytic capacitor?advantage of an electrolytic capacitor?

A.A. Tight toleranceTight tolerance

B.B. Non-polarizedNon-polarized

C.C. High capacitance for given volumeHigh capacitance for given volume

D.D. Inexpensive RF capacitorInexpensive RF capacitor

Cicuit Components15

G6A04 Which of the following is an G6A04 Which of the following is an advantage of an electrolytic capacitor?advantage of an electrolytic capacitor?

A.A. Tight toleranceTight tolerance

B.B. Non-polarizedNon-polarized

C.C. High capacitance for given volumeHigh capacitance for given volumeD.D. Inexpensive RF capacitorInexpensive RF capacitor

Cicuit Components16

G6A05 Which of the following is one G6A05 Which of the following is one effect of lead inductance in a capacitor effect of lead inductance in a capacitor used at VHF and above?used at VHF and above?

A.A. Effective capacitance may be reducedEffective capacitance may be reduced

B.B. Voltage rating may be reducedVoltage rating may be reduced

C.C. ESR may be reducedESR may be reduced

D.D. The polarity of the capacitor might become The polarity of the capacitor might become reversedreversed

Cicuit Components17

G6A05 Which of the following is one G6A05 Which of the following is one effect of lead inductance in a capacitor effect of lead inductance in a capacitor used at VHF and above?used at VHF and above?

A.A. Effective capacitance may be reducedEffective capacitance may be reducedB.B. Voltage rating may be reducedVoltage rating may be reduced

C.C. ESR may be reducedESR may be reduced

D.D. The polarity of the capacitor might become The polarity of the capacitor might become reversedreversed

Cicuit Components18

G6A06 What is the main disadvantage G6A06 What is the main disadvantage of using a conventional wire-wound of using a conventional wire-wound resistor in a resonant circuit?resistor in a resonant circuit?

A.A. The resistor's tolerance value would not be The resistor's tolerance value would not be adequate for such a circuitadequate for such a circuit

B.B. The resistor's inductance could detune the circuitThe resistor's inductance could detune the circuit

C.C. The resistor could overheatThe resistor could overheat

D.D. The resistor's internal capacitance would detune the The resistor's internal capacitance would detune the circuitcircuit

Cicuit Components19

G6A06 What is the main disadvantage G6A06 What is the main disadvantage of using a conventional wire-wound of using a conventional wire-wound resistor in a resonant circuit?resistor in a resonant circuit?

A.A. The resistor's tolerance value would not be The resistor's tolerance value would not be adequate for such a circuitadequate for such a circuit

B.B. The resistor's inductance could detune the The resistor's inductance could detune the circuitcircuit

C.C. The resistor could overheatThe resistor could overheat

D.D. The resistor's internal capacitance would detune the The resistor's internal capacitance would detune the circuitcircuit

Cicuit Components20

G6A07 What is an advantage of using a G6A07 What is an advantage of using a ferrite core with a toroidal inductor?ferrite core with a toroidal inductor?

A.A. Large values of inductance may be obtainedLarge values of inductance may be obtained

B.B. The magnetic properties of the core may be The magnetic properties of the core may be optimized for a specific range of frequenciesoptimized for a specific range of frequencies

C.C. Most of the magnetic field is contained in the coreMost of the magnetic field is contained in the core

D.D. All of these choices are correctAll of these choices are correct

Cicuit Components21

G6A07 What is an advantage of using a G6A07 What is an advantage of using a ferrite core with a toroidal inductor?ferrite core with a toroidal inductor?

A.A. Large values of inductance may be obtainedLarge values of inductance may be obtained

B.B. The magnetic properties of the core may be The magnetic properties of the core may be optimized for a specific range of frequenciesoptimized for a specific range of frequencies

C.C. Most of the magnetic field is contained in the coreMost of the magnetic field is contained in the core

D.D. All of these choices are correctAll of these choices are correct

Cicuit Components22

G6A08 How should two solenoid G6A08 How should two solenoid inductors be placed so as to minimize inductors be placed so as to minimize their mutual inductance?their mutual inductance?

A.A. In line with their winding axisIn line with their winding axis

B.B. With their winding axes parallel to each otherWith their winding axes parallel to each other

C.C. With their winding axes at right angles to each With their winding axes at right angles to each anotheranother

D.D. Within the same shielded enclosureWithin the same shielded enclosure

Cicuit Components23

G6A08 How should two solenoid G6A08 How should two solenoid inductors be placed so as to minimize inductors be placed so as to minimize their mutual inductance?their mutual inductance?

A.A. In line with their winding axisIn line with their winding axis

B.B. With their winding axes parallel to each otherWith their winding axes parallel to each other

C.C. With their winding axes at right angles to With their winding axes at right angles to each anothereach another

D.D. Within the same shielded enclosureWithin the same shielded enclosure

Cicuit Components24

G6A09 Why might it be important to G6A09 Why might it be important to minimize the mutual inductance minimize the mutual inductance between two inductors?between two inductors?

A.A. To increase the energy transfer between both To increase the energy transfer between both circuitscircuits

B.B. To reduce or eliminate unwanted couplingTo reduce or eliminate unwanted coupling

C.C. To reduce conducted emissionsTo reduce conducted emissions

D.D. To increase the self-resonant frequency of both To increase the self-resonant frequency of both inductorsinductors

Cicuit Components25

G6A09 Why might it be important to G6A09 Why might it be important to minimize the mutual inductance minimize the mutual inductance between two inductors?between two inductors?

A.A. To increase the energy transfer between both To increase the energy transfer between both circuitscircuits

B.B. To reduce or eliminate unwanted couplingTo reduce or eliminate unwanted couplingC.C. To reduce conducted emissionsTo reduce conducted emissions

D.D. To increase the self-resonant frequency of both To increase the self-resonant frequency of both inductorsinductors

Cicuit Components26

G6A10 What is an effect of inter-turn G6A10 What is an effect of inter-turn capacitance in an inductor?capacitance in an inductor?

A.A. The magnetic field may become invertedThe magnetic field may become inverted

B.B. The inductor may become self resonant at some The inductor may become self resonant at some frequenciesfrequencies

C.C. The permeability will increaseThe permeability will increase

D.D. The voltage rating may be exceededThe voltage rating may be exceeded

Cicuit Components27

G6A10 What is an effect of inter-turn G6A10 What is an effect of inter-turn capacitance in an inductor?capacitance in an inductor?

A.A. The magnetic field may become invertedThe magnetic field may become inverted

B.B. The inductor may become self resonant at The inductor may become self resonant at some frequenciessome frequencies

C.C. The permeability will increaseThe permeability will increase

D.D. The voltage rating may be exceededThe voltage rating may be exceeded

Cicuit Components28

G6A11 What is the common name for a G6A11 What is the common name for a capacitor connected across a capacitor connected across a transformer secondary that is used to transformer secondary that is used to absorb transient voltage spikes?absorb transient voltage spikes?

A.A. Clipper capacitorClipper capacitor

B.B. Trimmer capacitorTrimmer capacitor

C.C. Feedback capacitorFeedback capacitor

D.D. Suppressor capacitorSuppressor capacitor

Cicuit Components29

G6A11 What is the common name for a G6A11 What is the common name for a capacitor connected across a capacitor connected across a transformer secondary that is used to transformer secondary that is used to absorb transient voltage spikes?absorb transient voltage spikes?

A.A. Clipper capacitorClipper capacitor

B.B. Trimmer capacitorTrimmer capacitor

C.C. Feedback capacitorFeedback capacitor

D.D. Suppressor capacitorSuppressor capacitor

Cicuit Components30

G6A12 What is the common name for G6A12 What is the common name for an inductor used to help smooth the DC an inductor used to help smooth the DC output from the rectifier in a output from the rectifier in a conventional power supply?conventional power supply?

A.A. Back EMF chokeBack EMF choke

B.B. Repulsion coilRepulsion coil

C.C. Charging inductorCharging inductor

D.D. Filter chokeFilter choke

Cicuit Components31

G6A12 What is the common name for G6A12 What is the common name for an inductor used to help smooth the DC an inductor used to help smooth the DC output from the rectifier in a output from the rectifier in a conventional power supply?conventional power supply?

A.A. Back EMF chokeBack EMF choke

B.B. Repulsion coilRepulsion coil

C.C. Charging inductorCharging inductor

D.D. Filter chokeFilter choke

Cicuit Components32

G6A13 What type of component is a G6A13 What type of component is a thermistor?thermistor?

A.A. A resistor that is resistant to changes in value with A resistor that is resistant to changes in value with temperature variationstemperature variations

B.B. A device having a controlled change in resistance A device having a controlled change in resistance with temperature variationswith temperature variations

C.C. A special type of transistor for use at very cold A special type of transistor for use at very cold temperaturestemperatures

D.D. A capacitor that changes value with temperatureA capacitor that changes value with temperature

Cicuit Components33

G6A13 What type of component is a G6A13 What type of component is a thermistor?thermistor?

A.A. A resistor that is resistant to changes in value with A resistor that is resistant to changes in value with temperature variationstemperature variations

B.B. A device having a controlled change in A device having a controlled change in resistance with temperature variationsresistance with temperature variations

C.C. A special type of transistor for use at very cold A special type of transistor for use at very cold temperaturestemperatures

D.D. A capacitor that changes value with temperatureA capacitor that changes value with temperature

G6B Rectifiers and Solid state diodesG6B Rectifiers and Solid state diodes

• The peak-inverse-voltage rating of a rectifier The peak-inverse-voltage rating of a rectifier is the maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in is the maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the non-conducting directionthe non-conducting direction

• The two major ratings that must not be The two major ratings that must not be exceeded for silicon-diode rectifiers exceeded for silicon-diode rectifiers are Peak are Peak inverse Voltage and Average Forward Currentinverse Voltage and Average Forward Current

• When two more diodes are connected in When two more diodes are connected in parallel to increase current handling parallel to increase current handling capacity, capacity, the purpose of the resistor connected in the purpose of the resistor connected in series with each diode is to ensure that the diode series with each diode is to ensure that the diode doesn’t carry most of the currentdoesn’t carry most of the current

Cicuit Components34

G6B Resistors cont’dG6B Resistors cont’d

• The approximate junction threshold voltage The approximate junction threshold voltage of a germanium diode of a germanium diode is 0.3 voltsis 0.3 volts

• The approximate junction threshold voltage The approximate junction threshold voltage of a silicon diode of a silicon diode is 0.7 voltsis 0.7 volts

• An advantage of using a Schottky diode in an An advantage of using a Schottky diode in an RF switching circuit as compared to a RF switching circuit as compared to a standard silicon diode standard silicon diode lower capacitancelower capacitance

Cicuit Components35

G6B TransistorsG6B Transistors

• The stable operating points for a bipolar The stable operating points for a bipolar transistor that is used as a switch in a logic transistor that is used as a switch in a logic circuit circuit are the transistor’s saturation and cut-off are the transistor’s saturation and cut-off regionsregions

• It is often necessary to insulate the case of a It is often necessary to insulate the case of a large power transistor large power transistor to avoid shortening the to avoid shortening the collector or drain voltage groundcollector or drain voltage ground

• In the construction of a MOSFET In the construction of a MOSFET the gate is the gate is separated from the channel with a thin insulating layerseparated from the channel with a thin insulating layer

• A Field Effect Transistor (FET) A Field Effect Transistor (FET) is a solid state is a solid state device and is most like a vacuum tube in its general device and is most like a vacuum tube in its general characteristicscharacteristics

Cicuit Components36

G6B Vacuum tubesG6B Vacuum tubes

• The Control Grid element of a triode vacuum The Control Grid element of a triode vacuum tube tube is used to regulate the flow of electrons is used to regulate the flow of electrons between cathode and platebetween cathode and plate

• The primary purpose of a screen grid in a The primary purpose of a screen grid in a vacuum tube vacuum tube is to reduce grid-to-plate is to reduce grid-to-plate capacitancecapacitance

Cicuit Components37

G6B Batteries; Solar CellsG6B Batteries; Solar Cells

• An advantage of the low internal resistance An advantage of the low internal resistance of Nickel Cadmium batteriesof Nickel Cadmium batteries is high discharge is high discharge currentcurrent

• The minimum allowable discharge voltage for The minimum allowable discharge voltage for maximum life of a standard 12 volt lead acid maximum life of a standard 12 volt lead acid battery battery 10.5 volts10.5 volts

• It is never acceptable to recharge a carbon-zinc It is never acceptable to recharge a carbon-zinc primary cellprimary cell

• A nickel Metal Hydride A nickel Metal Hydride is a rechargeable batteryis a rechargeable battery

Cicuit Components38

Cicuit Components39

G6B01 What is the peak-inverse-G6B01 What is the peak-inverse-voltage rating of a rectifier?voltage rating of a rectifier?

A.A. The maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the The maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the conducting directionconducting direction

B.B. 1.4 times the AC frequency1.4 times the AC frequency

C.C. The maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the The maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the non-conducting directionnon-conducting direction

D.D. 2.8 times the AC frequency2.8 times the AC frequency

Cicuit Components40

G6B01 What is the peak-inverse-G6B01 What is the peak-inverse-voltage rating of a rectifier?voltage rating of a rectifier?

A.A. The maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the The maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the conducting directionconducting direction

B.B. 1.4 times the AC frequency1.4 times the AC frequency

C.C. The maximum voltage the rectifier will The maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the non-conducting directionhandle in the non-conducting direction

D.D. 2.8 times the AC frequency2.8 times the AC frequency

Cicuit Components41

G6B02 What are the two major ratings G6B02 What are the two major ratings that must not be exceeded for silicon-that must not be exceeded for silicon-diode rectifiers?diode rectifiers?

A.A. Peak inverse voltage; average forward currentPeak inverse voltage; average forward current

B.B. Average power; average voltageAverage power; average voltage

C.C. Capacitive reactance; avalanche voltageCapacitive reactance; avalanche voltage

D.D. Peak load impedance; peak voltagePeak load impedance; peak voltage

Cicuit Components42

G6B02 What are the two major ratings G6B02 What are the two major ratings that must not be exceeded for silicon-that must not be exceeded for silicon-diode rectifiers?diode rectifiers?

A.A. Peak inverse voltage; average forward Peak inverse voltage; average forward currentcurrent

B.B. Average power; average voltageAverage power; average voltage

C.C. Capacitive reactance; avalanche voltageCapacitive reactance; avalanche voltage

D.D. Peak load impedance; peak voltagePeak load impedance; peak voltage

Cicuit Components43

G6B03 What is the approximate G6B03 What is the approximate junction threshold voltage of a junction threshold voltage of a germanium diode?germanium diode?

A.A. 0.1 volt0.1 volt

B.B. 0.3 volts0.3 volts

C.C. 0.7 volts0.7 volts

D.D. 1.0 volts1.0 volts

Cicuit Components44

G6B03 What is the approximate G6B03 What is the approximate junction threshold voltage of a junction threshold voltage of a germanium diode?germanium diode?

A.A. 0.1 volt0.1 volt

B.B. 0.3 volts0.3 voltsC.C. 0.7 volts0.7 volts

D.D. 1.0 volts1.0 volts

Cicuit Components45

G6B04 When two or more diodes are G6B04 When two or more diodes are connected in parallel to increase connected in parallel to increase current handling capacity, what is the current handling capacity, what is the purpose of the resistor connected in purpose of the resistor connected in series with each diode?series with each diode?

A.A. The resistors ensure the thermal stability of the The resistors ensure the thermal stability of the power supplypower supply

B.B. The resistors regulate the power supply output The resistors regulate the power supply output voltagevoltage

C.C. The resistors ensure that one diode doesn't carry The resistors ensure that one diode doesn't carry most of the currentmost of the current

D.D. The resistors act as swamping resistors in the The resistors act as swamping resistors in the circuitcircuit

Cicuit Components46

G6B04 When two or more diodes are G6B04 When two or more diodes are connected in parallel to increase connected in parallel to increase current handling capacity, what is the current handling capacity, what is the purpose of the resistor connected in purpose of the resistor connected in series with each diode?series with each diode?

A.A. The resistors ensure the thermal stability of the The resistors ensure the thermal stability of the power supplypower supply

B.B. The resistors regulate the power supply output The resistors regulate the power supply output voltagevoltage

C.C. The resistors ensure that one diode The resistors ensure that one diode doesn't carry most of the currentdoesn't carry most of the current

D.D. The resistors act as swamping resistors in the The resistors act as swamping resistors in the circuitcircuit

Cicuit Components47

G6B05 What is the approximate G6B05 What is the approximate junction threshold voltage of a silicon junction threshold voltage of a silicon diode?diode?

A.A. 0.1 volt0.1 volt

B.B. 0.3 volts0.3 volts

C.C. 0.7 volts0.7 volts

D.D. 1.0 volts1.0 volts

Cicuit Components48

G6B05 What is the approximate G6B05 What is the approximate junction threshold voltage of a silicon junction threshold voltage of a silicon diode?diode?

A.A. 0.1 volt0.1 volt

B.B. 0.3 volts0.3 volts

C.C. 0.7 volts0.7 voltsD.D. 1.0 volts1.0 volts

Cicuit Components49

G6B06 Which of the following is an G6B06 Which of the following is an advantage of using a Schottky diode in advantage of using a Schottky diode in an RF switching circuit as compared to an RF switching circuit as compared to a standard silicon diode?a standard silicon diode?

A.A. Lower capacitanceLower capacitance

B.B. Lower inductanceLower inductance

C.C. Longer switching timesLonger switching times

D.D. Higher breakdown voltageHigher breakdown voltage

Cicuit Components50

G6B06 Which of the following is an G6B06 Which of the following is an advantage of using a Schottky diode in advantage of using a Schottky diode in an RF switching circuit as compared to an RF switching circuit as compared to a standard silicon diode?a standard silicon diode?

A.A. Lower capacitanceLower capacitanceB.B. Lower inductanceLower inductance

C.C. Longer switching timesLonger switching times

D.D. Higher breakdown voltageHigher breakdown voltage

Cicuit Components51

G6B07 What are the stable operating G6B07 What are the stable operating points for a bipolar transistor that is points for a bipolar transistor that is used as a switch in a logic circuit?used as a switch in a logic circuit?

A.A. Its saturation and cut-off regionsIts saturation and cut-off regions

B.B. Its active region (between the cut-off and saturation Its active region (between the cut-off and saturation regions)regions)

C.C. Between its peak and valley current points Between its peak and valley current points

D.D. Between its enhancement and deletion modesBetween its enhancement and deletion modes

Cicuit Components52

G6B07 What are the stable operating G6B07 What are the stable operating points for a bipolar transistor that is points for a bipolar transistor that is used as a switch in a logic circuit?used as a switch in a logic circuit?

A.A. Its saturation and cut-off regionsIts saturation and cut-off regionsB.B. Its active region (between the cut-off and saturation Its active region (between the cut-off and saturation

regions)regions)

C.C. Between its peak and valley current points Between its peak and valley current points

D.D. Between its enhancement and deletion modesBetween its enhancement and deletion modes

Cicuit Components53

G6B08 Why is it often necessary to G6B08 Why is it often necessary to insulate the case of a large power insulate the case of a large power transistor?transistor?

A.A. To increase the beta of the transistorTo increase the beta of the transistor

B.B. To improve the power dissipation capabilityTo improve the power dissipation capability

C.C. To reduce stray capacitanceTo reduce stray capacitance

D.D. To avoid shorting the collector or drain voltage to To avoid shorting the collector or drain voltage to groundground

Cicuit Components54

G6B08 Why is it often necessary to G6B08 Why is it often necessary to insulate the case of a large power insulate the case of a large power transistor?transistor?

A.A. To increase the beta of the transistorTo increase the beta of the transistor

B.B. To improve the power dissipation capabilityTo improve the power dissipation capability

C.C. To reduce stray capacitanceTo reduce stray capacitance

D.D. To avoid shorting the collector or drain To avoid shorting the collector or drain voltage to groundvoltage to ground

Cicuit Components55

G6B09 Which of the following describes G6B09 Which of the following describes the construction of a MOSFET?the construction of a MOSFET?

A.A. The gate is formed by a back-biased junctionThe gate is formed by a back-biased junction

B.B. The gate is separated from the channel with a thin The gate is separated from the channel with a thin insulating layerinsulating layer

C.C. The source is separated from the drain by a thin The source is separated from the drain by a thin insulating laterinsulating later

D.D. The source is formed by depositing metal on siliconThe source is formed by depositing metal on silicon

Cicuit Components56

G6B09 Which of the following describes G6B09 Which of the following describes the construction of a MOSFET?the construction of a MOSFET?

A.A. The gate is formed by a back-biased junctionThe gate is formed by a back-biased junction

B.B. The gate is separated from the channel The gate is separated from the channel with a thin insulating layerwith a thin insulating layer

C.C. The source is separated from the drain by a thin The source is separated from the drain by a thin insulating laterinsulating later

D.D. The source is formed by depositing metal on siliconThe source is formed by depositing metal on silicon

Cicuit Components57

G6B10 Which element of a triode G6B10 Which element of a triode vacuum tube is used to regulate the vacuum tube is used to regulate the flow of electrons between cathode and flow of electrons between cathode and plate?plate?

A.A. Control gridControl grid

B.B. HeaterHeater

C.C. Screen GridScreen Grid

D.D. Suppressor gridSuppressor grid

Cicuit Components58

G6B10 Which element of a triode G6B10 Which element of a triode vacuum tube is used to regulate the vacuum tube is used to regulate the flow of electrons between cathode and flow of electrons between cathode and plate?plate?

A.A. Control gridControl gridB.B. HeaterHeater

C.C. Screen GridScreen Grid

D.D. Suppressor gridSuppressor grid

Cicuit Components59

G6B11 Which of the following solid G6B11 Which of the following solid state devices is most like a vacuum state devices is most like a vacuum tube in its general characteristics?tube in its general characteristics?

A.A. A bipolar transistorA bipolar transistor

B.B. An FETAn FET

C.C. A tunnel diodeA tunnel diode

D.D. A varistorA varistor

Cicuit Components60

G6B11 Which of the following solid G6B11 Which of the following solid state devices is most like a vacuum state devices is most like a vacuum tube in its general characteristics?tube in its general characteristics?

A.A. A bipolar transistorA bipolar transistor

B.B. An FETAn FETC.C. A tunnel diodeA tunnel diode

D.D. A varistorA varistor

Cicuit Components61

G6B12 What is the primary purpose of a G6B12 What is the primary purpose of a screen grid in a vacuum tube?screen grid in a vacuum tube?

A.A. To reduce grid-to-plate capacitanceTo reduce grid-to-plate capacitance

B.B. To increase efficiencyTo increase efficiency

C.C. To increase the high frequency responseTo increase the high frequency response

D.D. To decrease plate resistanceTo decrease plate resistance

Cicuit Components62

G6B12 What is the primary purpose of a G6B12 What is the primary purpose of a screen grid in a vacuum tube?screen grid in a vacuum tube?

A.A. To reduce grid-to-plate capacitanceTo reduce grid-to-plate capacitanceB.B. To increase efficiencyTo increase efficiency

C.C. To increase the high frequency responseTo increase the high frequency response

D.D. To decrease plate resistanceTo decrease plate resistance

Cicuit Components63

G6B13 What is an advantage of the low G6B13 What is an advantage of the low internal resistance of Nickel Cadmium internal resistance of Nickel Cadmium batteries?batteries?

A.A. Long lifeLong life

B.B. High discharge currentHigh discharge current

C.C. High voltageHigh voltage

D.D. Rapid rechargeRapid recharge

Cicuit Components64

G6B13 What is an advantage of the low G6B13 What is an advantage of the low internal resistance of Nickel Cadmium internal resistance of Nickel Cadmium batteries?batteries?

A.A. Long lifeLong life

B.B. High discharge currentHigh discharge currentC.C. High voltageHigh voltage

D.D. Rapid rechargeRapid recharge

Cicuit Components65

G6B14 What is the minimum allowable G6B14 What is the minimum allowable discharge voltage for maximum life of a discharge voltage for maximum life of a standard 12 volt lead acid battery?standard 12 volt lead acid battery?

A.A. 6 volts6 volts

B.B. 8.5 volts8.5 volts

C.C. 10.5 volts10.5 volts

D.D. 12 volts12 volts

Cicuit Components66

G6B14 What is the minimum allowable G6B14 What is the minimum allowable discharge voltage for maximum life of a discharge voltage for maximum life of a standard 12 volt lead acid battery?standard 12 volt lead acid battery?

A.A. 6 volts6 volts

B.B. 8.5 volts8.5 volts

C.C. 10.5 volts10.5 voltsD.D. 12 volts12 volts

Cicuit Components67

G6B15 When is it acceptable to G6B15 When is it acceptable to recharge a carbon-zinc primary cell?recharge a carbon-zinc primary cell?

A.A. As long as the voltage has not been allowed to drop As long as the voltage has not been allowed to drop below 1.0 voltbelow 1.0 volt

B.B. When the cell is kept warm during the recharging When the cell is kept warm during the recharging periodperiod

C.C. When a constant current charger is usedWhen a constant current charger is used

D.D. NeverNever

Cicuit Components68

G6B15 When is it acceptable to G6B15 When is it acceptable to recharge a carbon-zinc primary cell?recharge a carbon-zinc primary cell?

A.A. As long as the voltage has not been allowed to drop As long as the voltage has not been allowed to drop below 1.0 voltbelow 1.0 volt

B.B. When the cell is kept warm during the recharging When the cell is kept warm during the recharging periodperiod

C.C. When a constant current charger is usedWhen a constant current charger is used

D.D. NeverNever

Cicuit Components69

G6B16 Which of the following is a G6B16 Which of the following is a rechargeable battery?rechargeable battery?

A.A. Carbon-zincCarbon-zinc

B.B. Silver oxideSilver oxide

C.C. Nickel Metal HydrideNickel Metal Hydride

D.D. MercuryMercury

C6C Analog and digital integrated C6C Analog and digital integrated circuits (IC’s)circuits (IC’s)

• Linear voltage regulator Linear voltage regulator is an analog integrated is an analog integrated circuitcircuit

• An operational amplifier An operational amplifier is an analog type is an analog type integrated circuitintegrated circuit

• CMOS is the most commonly used CMOS is the most commonly used digital logic digital logic family of integrated circuitsfamily of integrated circuits

• An advantage of CMOS Logic integrated An advantage of CMOS Logic integrated circuits compared to TTL logic circuits circuits compared to TTL logic circuits is the is the low power consumptionlow power consumption

Cicuit Components70

G6C Microprocessors, Memory & I/O G6C Microprocessors, Memory & I/O DevicesDevices

• A microprocessor A microprocessor is a miniature computer on a is a miniature computer on a single integrated circuit chipsingle integrated circuit chip

• MemoryMemory• Read Only Memory ( ROM)Read Only Memory ( ROM)• When memory is characterized as “non-volatile” the When memory is characterized as “non-volatile” the

stored information is maintained even if power is stored information is maintained even if power is removedremoved

• I/O devices – I/O devices – a computer and transceiver are two a computer and transceiver are two devices in an amateur radio station that might be devices in an amateur radio station that might be connected using a USB interfaceconnected using a USB interface

Cicuit Components71

G6C Microwave IC’s and Display devicesG6C Microwave IC’s and Display devices

• Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC)(MMIC)

• Display devicesDisplay devices• One disadvantage of an incandescent indicator One disadvantage of an incandescent indicator

compared to a LED is the high power consumptioncompared to a LED is the high power consumption• An LED is Forward Biased when emitting lightAn LED is Forward Biased when emitting light• A liquid crystal display requires ambient or back A liquid crystal display requires ambient or back

lightlight

Cicuit Components72

Cicuit Components73

G6C01 Which of the following is most G6C01 Which of the following is most often provided as an analog integrated often provided as an analog integrated circuit?circuit?

A.A. NAND GateNAND Gate

B.B. Gallium Arsenide UHF Receiver "front end" AmplifierGallium Arsenide UHF Receiver "front end" Amplifier

C.C. Frequency CounterFrequency Counter

D.D. Linear voltage regulatorLinear voltage regulator

Cicuit Components74

G6C01 Which of the following is most G6C01 Which of the following is most often provided as an analog integrated often provided as an analog integrated circuit?circuit?

A.A. NAND GateNAND Gate

B.B. Gallium Arsenide UHF Receiver "front end" AmplifierGallium Arsenide UHF Receiver "front end" Amplifier

C.C. Frequency CounterFrequency Counter

D.D. Linear voltage regulatorLinear voltage regulator

Cicuit Components75

G6C02 Which of the following is the G6C02 Which of the following is the most commonly used digital logic most commonly used digital logic family of integrated circuits?family of integrated circuits?

A.A. RTLRTL

B.B. TTLTTL

C.C. CMOSCMOS

D.D. PMOSPMOS

Cicuit Components76

G6C02 Which of the following is the G6C02 Which of the following is the most commonly used digital logic most commonly used digital logic family of integrated circuits?family of integrated circuits?

A.A. RTLRTL

B.B. TTLTTL

C.C. CMOSCMOSD.D. PMOSPMOS

Cicuit Components77

G6C03 Which of the following is an G6C03 Which of the following is an advantage of CMOS Logic integrated advantage of CMOS Logic integrated circuits compared to TTL logic circuits?circuits compared to TTL logic circuits?

A.A. Low power consumptionLow power consumption

B.B. High power handling capabilityHigh power handling capability

C.C. Better suited for RF amplificationBetter suited for RF amplification

D.D. Better suited for power supply regulationBetter suited for power supply regulation

Cicuit Components78

G6C03 Which of the following is an G6C03 Which of the following is an advantage of CMOS Logic integrated advantage of CMOS Logic integrated circuits compared to TTL logic circuits?circuits compared to TTL logic circuits?

A.A. Low power consumptionLow power consumptionB.B. High power handling capabilityHigh power handling capability

C.C. Better suited for RF amplificationBetter suited for RF amplification

D.D. Better suited for power supply regulationBetter suited for power supply regulation

Cicuit Components79

G6C04 What is meant by the term ROM?G6C04 What is meant by the term ROM?

A.A. Resistor Operated MemoryResistor Operated Memory

B.B. Read Only MemoryRead Only Memory

C.C. Random Operational MemoryRandom Operational Memory

D.D. Resistant to Overload MemoryResistant to Overload Memory

Cicuit Components80

G6C04 What is meant by the term ROM?G6C04 What is meant by the term ROM?

A.A. Resistor Operated MemoryResistor Operated Memory

B.B. Read Only MemoryRead Only MemoryC.C. Random Operational MemoryRandom Operational Memory

D.D. Resistant to Overload MemoryResistant to Overload Memory

Cicuit Components81

G6C05 What is meant when memory is G6C05 What is meant when memory is characterized as "non-volatile"?characterized as "non-volatile"?

A.A. It is resistant to radiation damageIt is resistant to radiation damage

B.B. It is resistant to high temperaturesIt is resistant to high temperatures

C.C. The stored information is maintained even if power The stored information is maintained even if power is removedis removed

D.D. The stored information cannot be changed once The stored information cannot be changed once writtenwritten

Cicuit Components82

G6C05 What is meant when memory is G6C05 What is meant when memory is characterized as "non-volatile"?characterized as "non-volatile"?

A.A. It is resistant to radiation damageIt is resistant to radiation damage

B.B. It is resistant to high temperaturesIt is resistant to high temperatures

C.C. The stored information is maintained even The stored information is maintained even if power is removedif power is removed

D.D. The stored information cannot be changed once The stored information cannot be changed once writtenwritten

Cicuit Components83

G6C06 Which type of integrated circuit G6C06 Which type of integrated circuit is an operational amplifier?is an operational amplifier?

A.A. DigitalDigital

B.B. MMICMMIC

C.C. ProgrammableProgrammable

D.D. AnalogAnalog

Cicuit Components84

G6C06 Which type of integrated circuit G6C06 Which type of integrated circuit is an operational amplifier?is an operational amplifier?

A.A. DigitalDigital

B.B. MMICMMIC

C.C. ProgrammableProgrammable

D.D. AnalogAnalog

Cicuit Components85

G6C07 What is one disadvantage of an G6C07 What is one disadvantage of an incandescent indicator compared to a incandescent indicator compared to a LED?LED?

A.A. Low power consumptionLow power consumption

B.B. High speedHigh speed

C.C. Long lifeLong life

D.D. High power consumptionHigh power consumption

Cicuit Components86

G6C07 What is one disadvantage of an G6C07 What is one disadvantage of an incandescent indicator compared to a incandescent indicator compared to a LED?LED?

A.A. Low power consumptionLow power consumption

B.B. High speedHigh speed

C.C. Long lifeLong life

D.D. High power consumptionHigh power consumption

Cicuit Components87

G6C08 How is an LED biased when G6C08 How is an LED biased when emitting light?emitting light?

A.A. Beyond cutoffBeyond cutoff

B.B. At the Zener voltageAt the Zener voltage

C.C. Reverse BiasedReverse Biased

D.D. Forward BiasedForward Biased

Cicuit Components88

G6C08 How is an LED biased when G6C08 How is an LED biased when emitting light?emitting light?

A.A. Beyond cutoffBeyond cutoff

B.B. At the Zener voltageAt the Zener voltage

C.C. Reverse BiasedReverse Biased

D.D. Forward BiasedForward Biased

Cicuit Components89

G6B16 Which of the following is a G6B16 Which of the following is a rechargeable battery?rechargeable battery?

A.A. Carbon-zincCarbon-zinc

B.B. Silver oxideSilver oxide

C.C. Nickel Metal HydrideNickel Metal HydrideD.D. MercuryMercury

Cicuit Components90

G6C09 Which of the following is a G6C09 Which of the following is a characteristic of a liquid crystal characteristic of a liquid crystal display?display?

A.A. It requires ambient or back lightingIt requires ambient or back lighting

B.B. It offers a wide dynamic rangeIt offers a wide dynamic range

C.C. It has a wide viewing angleIt has a wide viewing angle

D.D. All of these choices are correctAll of these choices are correct

Cicuit Components91

G6C09 Which of the following is a G6C09 Which of the following is a characteristic of a liquid crystal characteristic of a liquid crystal display?display?

A.A. It requires ambient or back lightingIt requires ambient or back lightingB.B. It offers a wide dynamic rangeIt offers a wide dynamic range

C.C. It has a wide viewing angleIt has a wide viewing angle

D.D. All of these choices are correctAll of these choices are correct

Cicuit Components92

G6C10 What is meant by the term G6C10 What is meant by the term MMIC?MMIC?

A.A. Multi Megabyte Integrated CircuitMulti Megabyte Integrated Circuit

B.B. Monolithic Microwave Integrated CircuitMonolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit

C.C. Military-specification Manufactured Integrated Military-specification Manufactured Integrated CircuitCircuit

D.D. Mode Modulated Integrated CircuitMode Modulated Integrated Circuit

Cicuit Components93

G6C10 What is meant by the term G6C10 What is meant by the term MMIC?MMIC?

A.A. Multi Megabyte Integrated CircuitMulti Megabyte Integrated Circuit

B.B. Monolithic Microwave Integrated CircuitMonolithic Microwave Integrated CircuitC.C. Military-specification Manufactured Integrated Military-specification Manufactured Integrated

CircuitCircuit

D.D. Mode Modulated Integrated CircuitMode Modulated Integrated Circuit

Cicuit Components94

G6C11 What is a microprocessor?G6C11 What is a microprocessor?

A.A. A low powered analog signal processor used as a A low powered analog signal processor used as a microwave detectormicrowave detector

B.B. A miniature computer on a single integrated circuit A miniature computer on a single integrated circuit chipchip

C.C. A microwave detector, amplifier, and local oscillator A microwave detector, amplifier, and local oscillator on a chipon a chip

D.D. A low voltage amplifier used in a microwave A low voltage amplifier used in a microwave transmitter modulator stagetransmitter modulator stage

Cicuit Components95

G6C11 What is a microprocessor?G6C11 What is a microprocessor?

A.A. A low powered analog signal processor used as a A low powered analog signal processor used as a microwave detectormicrowave detector

B.B. A miniature computer on a single A miniature computer on a single integrated circuit chipintegrated circuit chip

C.C. A microwave detector, amplifier, and local oscillator A microwave detector, amplifier, and local oscillator on a chipon a chip

D.D. A low voltage amplifier used in a microwave A low voltage amplifier used in a microwave transmitter modulator stagetransmitter modulator stage

Cicuit Components96

G6C12 What two devices in an amateur G6C12 What two devices in an amateur radio station might be connected using radio station might be connected using a USB interface?a USB interface?

A.A. Computer and transceiverComputer and transceiver

B.B. Microphone and transceiverMicrophone and transceiver

C.C. Amplifier and antennaAmplifier and antenna

D.D. Power supply and amplifierPower supply and amplifier

Cicuit Components97

G6C12 What two devices in an amateur G6C12 What two devices in an amateur radio station might be connected using radio station might be connected using a USB interface?a USB interface?

A.A. Computer and transceiverComputer and transceiverB.B. Microphone and transceiverMicrophone and transceiver

C.C. Amplifier and antennaAmplifier and antenna

D.D. Power supply and amplifierPower supply and amplifier

Cicuit Components98

G6 - CIRCUIT COMPONENTS G6 - CIRCUIT COMPONENTS [3 exam question - 3 groups][3 exam question - 3 groups]