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CIC Institute of Agribusinesses Cost of Production November 2010


FOREWORD

Department of Agriculture has been in the forefront of serving both growers, students, teachers and other persons interested in agriculture, with series of agricultural publications. CIC Institute of Agri Businesses, the Agri education, Training and Consultancy Division of the CIC Agribusinesses, has decided to complement the available information published by Department of Agriculture, with respect to “cost of production” of number of vegetables, grains and pulses on a continuous basis.

This Handbook aims to serve all those who have interest in agriculture as well as those who plan to start their own Agribusinesses. The information and data published in the Handbook are based on own experiences of CIC Agribusinesses, its out growers spread across the country as well as data published by the Department of Agriculture.

The cost of production data of various enterprises included in this publication will be updated time to time to keep the readers abreast of latest price changes, including varietal and fertilizer recommendations by the Department of Agriculture.

CIC Institute of Agri Businesses is engaged in Agri education and training for all spectrum of clients including farmers, extension personnel and senior officers of various government and non-government organizations, with the aim of sharing the vast experience of CIC Agribusinesses in food production and farm management. More details if Institute’s objectives, training programmes and other information can be viewed at Company’s official website www.cicagri.com

The CIC Institute of Agri Businesses is also in the process of producing a series of publications with technical information on food production for number of vegetables, fruits, grains and pulses.

Keerthi B KotagamaManaging Director/CEOCIC AgribusinessesNo 205 1/1 D R Wijewardane MawathaColombo 10


1. Introduction

Sri Lanka has been and still is an agricultural country. The economic policy framework of the Government has emphasized on food self sufficiency through modernization of agriculture production, with particular attention on increased production, processing and value addition. Sri Lanka has two agricultural sectors namely; export oriented plantation crops (tea, rubber, coconut and spices) and non plantation sector comprise of a variety of food crops (rice, legumes, oil crops, fruits and vegetables).

With the growing population and as result rapid urbanization and industrial and housing developments, Sri Lanka is facing the problem of producing more food from declining available land for agriculture. Under such circumstances, the only plausible alternative is to increase production per unit land area to meet ever growing demand for food, not to mention the vast sums of money spent on food imports annually.

Sri Lanka has vast natural resources for agriculture production to attain self-sufficiency in many commodities. However, the contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by the agriculture sector in 2008 was 13.4% compared to services and industry sectors which contributed 57.3% and 29.4% respectively. Despite this, agriculture continued to play an important role in the economy and it is the major source of employment for about 33% of the labour force. Enhanced production in paddy and fisheries sectors coupled with encouraged performance in the plantation sector provided an added momentum for the sector in 2008 and beyond.

The agriculture sector accumulated a total value of US$ 2.599 billion in real terms in 2008 over US$ 2.416 billion in 2007. This upturn largely came from a strong performance in paddy which witnessed 23% annual growth in 2008 while fishing, plantation and vegetable sectors contributing positively to the growth while livestock sector has shown a declining growth. Distribution of various sub-sectors within agriculture sector, to the % growth of GDP (Gross

Domestic Product) from 2006-2008 is depicted below.


Growth of Gross Domestic Product in Agriculture sub sectors

Sub Sector 2006 2007 2008Tea -2.0 -1.8 4.3Paddy 2.9 -6.2 22.9Minor Exports 2.2 5.1 -2.1Livestock 8.1 7.9 5.6Food Crops 5.1 4.4 4.7Fisheries 53.6 15.6 9.9TOTAL SECTOR 6.3 3.4 7.5

Source: Department of census and statistics

The Food crop sector which includes “Other Field Crops” (OFC) constitutes mainly of condiments (onion and chilies), coarse grains (Kurakkan), grain legumes (Green Gram, Maize), oil crops (Sesame and Soya) and tuber crops (potato) among other things. Cultivated extent under OFC increased to 129,000 hectares in 2008, with an increase of 12% over 2007. The total domestic production also increased substantially to 398,000 metric tons in 2008 compared to 284,000 metric tons in 2007, showing clear indication of positive growth. This improvement was mainly due to the increased cultivation and production of maize, green gram, cowpea, black gram, finger-millet and ground nuts.

Production of other field crops (Mt’000)Crops 2005 2006 2007 2008Big onions 50.4 76.4 92.2 57.4Red onions 53.1 54.6 57.0 49.3Chili 13.2 12.7 48.7 51.1Green gram 9.0 7.9 8.5 8.9Cowpea 11.1 10.2 10.9 12.1Black gram 6.9 7.5 7.8 9.5Soy bean 5.0 5.2 4.8 3.0Kurakkan 6.5 6.3 5.5 6.6Maize 41.8 47.3 56.4 112.5Potatoes 79.4 79.5 78.3 74.8Ground nuts 9.0 9.8 9.8 10.3

Source: Department of Census and Statistics


In crop production, the use of appropriate farming practices is therefore important for maximizing returns for the grower. These practices can be categorized into 4 components.

• Improving the quality (fertility) of soil• Use of quality inputs • Application of scientific and environmentally beneficial crop

management practices• Minimizing post harvest loses

Following pages illustrates how these components can be put to maximum use in attaining a higher productivity from a unit land area.

Improving the quality (fertility) of soil

Quality (fertility) of the soil is basically referred to as its richness. In commercial agriculture, status of physical, chemical and biological qualities of the soil play a key role in its ability to provide optimum crop growth for maximum yields. The neglect of these qualities has resulted in needless usage and hence wastage of plant nutrient supplements. This in turn has led to over-expenditure, chemical poisoning, environmental hazards and more importantly, reduced revenues.

The required elements for optimum growth of any plant must be provided at correct quantities. Deficiency in any one can lead to waste of other elements even if supplied in required quantities. Testing of soil under laboratory conditions is the best way to determine the quality of soil. Site specific fertilizer recommendations can also be used by using these laboratory testing and analytical reports.

The escalating prices of commercial fertilizers in the market have heightened the interest in the use of site specific fertilizer applications. Hence regular soil testing, which is an important element to produce economic yields with adequate plant nutrients, has become an essential part in crop production.

Soil tests followed by the recommendations will help prevent occurrence of nutrient deficiencies or problem associated with over-fertilization such as excessive vegetative growth, delayed maturity, salt burn and most importantly, wasted money.


In addition, it can also lead to the protection against any environmental hazards resulting from excessive usage of fertilizers. In this context, it is extremely important for timely intervention in relation to soil sampling, testing, analysis, recommendations and implementation of these recommendations.

The soil tests will determine some critical soil parameters as depicted in the table.

Major elements

Secondary elements

Micro elements

Others

NitrogenPhosphorusPotassium

CalciumMagnesiumSulphur

CopperIronManganeseZincBoron

Soil pHOrganic matterCation Exchange CapacitySoil textureElectrical Conductivity

The CIC soil analysis reports provide:• Adetailedsoilanalyticalreportforeachsoilsample Recommendations in the form of a report as; - Crop nutrient requirement in terms of type of nutrient supplement and quantity - Schedule of inputs - Additional activities and attention required• Ahealthcardforthefarmland(similartomedicalrecord)torecordmost significant information at a glance for comparison with subsequent soil tests and follow-up.


The implementation of this soil quality improvement technology is expected to provide following benefits to the grower.

• Provision of every essential element for plant growth at right quantity• No occurrences of nutrient deficiencies which contribute to yield loses• Efficient and effective absorption of nutrients by plant• Improve resistance to pest and diseases damages• Provide improved and quality harvest• Save money thus increase profitability

Usage of quality inputs

The use of high quality planting materials and other farming inputs such as seeds, chemicals, fertilizer, compost etc is very important aspect of the production process. Acquiring such materials through a reputed organization with good standing in the farming community is vital to ensure quality and quantity of produce. It is no secret that quality inputs consistently produce higher yields and maximum profits.

Producers are urged to follow recommendations by the Department of Agriculture at all times.

Application of scientific and environmentally friendly crop management practices

Following are some salient points in this regard, which must be applied in all types of commercial agriculture.

• Land preparation - Ploughing or digging to correct depth is important depending on the root depth of the planned crop. Land preparation to correct depth has following scientifically proven advantages;

- Effective weed control- Optimum growth for root system- Better distribution of nutrients - Better water utilization- Good surface for plants to grow


• Nutrient Management – Use of organic fertilizers/compost improves the

nutrient absorption capability. Poor organic matter content in soil leads

to waste of fertilizer as soil is unable to retain the nutrients. Therefore

it is essential to use organic fertilizers in addition to the recommend

chemical plant nutrients.

Compost

• Water management – Proper water management helps weed and pest/

disease control as well nutrient absorption. In addition, minimizing

labour costs and waste of water are two other key elements in water

management.

• Crop rotation – Growing crops in the same family must be avoided

to minimize continued and severe occurrence of pests & diseases.

Rotation of crops with useful crop combinations is recommended at all

times especially if crops of same family or same crop is planned for

subsequent cultivation seasons.

• Crop diversification – Growing different crops in the same land at

different times can give unexpected benefits to the grower to experience

minimum pest/disease occurrence, soil fertility improvement, soil

condition improvement, maximum use of land etc.


• Pest & Disease management – Pests and diseases cause poor yields, inferior quality and reduced incomes. An integrated approach to pest & disease management can effectively solve these problems. It includes;

- Close observation of the growth of plants to identify incidents early

- Correct identification of the damage- Use of IPM (Integrated Pest Management) practices from

land preparation to harvesting- Use of correct chemical and dosage

Minimizing post harvest loses

Post harvest loses contribute to nearly 30- 40% for perishable crops and to a lesser extent for others. However, economic losses due to poor post harvest methods are seen as a major contributory factor in diminishing returns of agricultural produce. Harvesting at the right stage and help minimize these loses to a greater extent. Storage, packing and transport are three other key elements in post harvest technology. The methods used depend on the agricultural product.


2. Cost of Production of Vegetables

In this chapter, information has been provided based on latest and available

data. Readers are also provided with labour requirement by activity for better

understanding of the labour cost.

Following assumptions have been taken into consideration in calculating the cost

of production.

• The cost of labour and inputs may differ in various agro-ecological

zones. The data provided are average figures.

• Yields are based on given varieties and average production. Potential

yields of hybrid varieties are much higher than the average yields.

• All crops are irrigated unless otherwise stated

• Land preparation is by using farm machinery

• Cost of agro-chemicals is based on average usage. The type of agro-

chemicals and quantities vary significantly depending on the crop,

season, severity of damage and the grower!

• Selling prices differ significantly from season to season.


BEETROOT IRRIGATED Crimson Globe

COST ITEM QTY UNIT RATE COSTLand preparation 1 acre 6,000.00 6,000.00 LABOUR COST 129 units 650.00 83,850.00 INPUT MATERIAL COST

Planting materials Seeds 2 kg 3,200.00 6,400.00

Plant nutrient supplement Organic matter 6000 kg 4.00 24,000.00

Water management 5,000.00 CIC starter 100 kg 74.00 7,400.00

CIC SA1 kg 56.00 - CIC SA2 150 kg 56.00 8,400.00 CIC TDM kg 64.00 -

CIC Yielder 100 kg 76.00 7,600.00 Dolomite 600 kg 7.00 4,200.00

Agro chemical 10,000.00 Total input material cost 73,000.00

INCOME AND EXPENDITURELand preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 83,850.00 Input material cost 73,000.00 Processing cost - Total cost 162,850.00 Total Yield (kg) 10000Selling price (Rs) 25.00 Income 250,000.00 Profit/Loss 87,150.00

Cost of Production per kg 16.29 Labour use Man daysNursery management 10Land preparation -Bed preparation and mgt 20Seeding and thinning out 30Fertilizer application 8Water management 22Weeding & earthing up 20Pest & disease control 3Harvesting 16Total labour 129


2.1 Up country vegetables

CABBAGE IRRIGATED Sungrow


Planting materials seeds 0.1 kg 50,000.00 5,000.00

Plant nutrient supplement Organic matter & lime 4000 kg 4.00 16,000.00

Water management 5,000.00 CIC starter kg 74.00 -

CIC SA1 kg - CIC SA2 300 kg 56.00 16,800.00 CIC TDM 100 kg 64.00 6,400.00

CIC Yielder kg 76.00 - Dolomite 1200 kg 7.00 8,400.00


INCOME AND EXPENDITURELand preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 75,400.00 Input material cost 72,500.00 Processing cost - Total cost 153,900.00 Total Yield (kg) 12000Selling price (Rs) 20.00 Income 240,000.00 Profit/Loss 86,100.00 Cost of Production per kg 12.83 Labour use Man daysNursery management 8Land preparation Bed preparation and mgt 12Transplanting 15Seeding and thinning out Fertilizer application 10Weeding & earthing up 18Pest & disease control 12Water management 16Harvesting 25Total labour 116


CARROT IRRIGATED Kuruda





CIC SA1 150 kg 56.00 8,400.00 CIC SA2 200 kg 56.00 11,200.00 CIC TDM kg 64.00 -



INCOME AND EXPENDITURELand preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 80,600.00 Input material cost 75,150.00 Processing cost - Total cost 161,750.00 Total Yield (kg) 12000Selling price (Rs) 30.00 Income 360,000.00 Profit/Loss 198,250.00 Cost of Production per kg 13.48 Labour use Man daysLand preparation Bed preparation and mgt 20Seeding and thinning out 30Fertilizer application 14Weeding & earthing up 24Pest & disease control 8Harvesting 28Total labour 124


LEEK IRRIGATED Large Long Summer




Water management 5,000.00 CIC Super 2 100 kg 74.00 7,400.00

CIC starter kg 56.00 - CIC SA1 250 kg 56.00 14,000.00 CIC SA2 100 kg 64.00 6,400.00 CIC TDM kg 76.00 -

CIC Yielder kg 109.00 - Dolomite 600 kg 7.00 4,200.00


INCOME AND EXPENDITURELand preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 120,250.00 Input material cost 78,750.00 Processing cost - Total cost 205,000.00 Total Yield (kg) 10000Selling price (Rs) 30.00 Income 300,000.00 Profit/Loss 95,000.00 Cost of Production per kg 20.50 Labour use Man daysNursery management 6Land preparation Bed preparation and mgt 28Seeding and thinning out 26Fertilizer application 20Weeding & earthing up 30Pest & disease control 7Water management 38Harvesting 36Total labour 185


KNOL KHOL IRRIGATED Early White Viana




Water management 5,000.00 Urea 68 kg 54.00 3,672.00 TSP 45 kg 61.00 2,745.00

MOP 56 kg 76.00 4,256.00 CIC SA2 kg 64.00 - CIC TDM kg 76.00 -

CIC Yielder kg 109.00 - Dolomite kg 7.00 -


INCOME AND EXPENDITURELand preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 63,700.00 Input material cost 31,673.00 Processing cost - Total cost 101,373.00 Total Yield (kg) 10000Selling price (Rs) 15.00 Income 150,000.00 Profit/Loss 48,627.00 Cost of Production per kg 10.14 Labour use Man daysNursery management 10Land preparation - Bed preparation and mgt 12Transplanting 27Fertilizer application 3Weeding & earthing up 12Pest & disease control 2Water management 12Harvesting 20Total labour 98


RADISH IRRIGATED Japanese bold


Planting materials seeds 2 kg 3,000.00 6,000.00



MOP 56 kg 76.00 4,256.00 CIC SA2 kg 87.00 - CIC TDM kg 261.00 -

CIC Yielder kg 109.00 - Dolomite kg 7.00 -


INCOME AND EXPENDITURELand preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 44,850.00 Input material cost 32,873.00 Processing cost - Total cost 83,723.00 Total Yield (kg) 14000Selling price (Rs) 10.00 Income 140,000.00 Profit/Loss 56,277.00 Cost of Production per kg 5.98 Labour use Man daysNursery management Land preparation Bed preparation and mgt 12Transplanting Seeding and thinning out 14Fertilizer application 3Weeding & earthing up 12Pest & disease control 1Water management 11Harvesting 16Total labour 69


POTATO IRRIGATED Grannola


Planting materials seeds 800 kg 200.00 160,000.00

Plant nutrient supplement Organic matter & lime 6000 kg 4.00 24,000.00


CIC SA1 kg 56.00 - CIC SA2 kg 56.00 - CIC TDM kg 64.00 -



INCOME AND EXPENDITURELand preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 88,400.00 Input material cost 240,610.00 Processing cost - Total cost 335,010.00 Total Yield (kg) 8000Selling price (Rs) 55.00 Income 440,000.00 Profit/Loss 104,990.00 Cost of Production per kg 41.88 Labour use Man daysNursery management -Land preparation 23Bed preparation and mgt 13Transplanting -Seeding 20Fertilizer application 13Weeding & earthling up 13Pest & disease control 11Water management 20Harvesting 23Total labour 136


2.2 Low country vegetablesSame assumptions, as stated under up country vegetable production, have been taken into consideration in calculating the cost of production of low country vegetables as well. CHILI IRRIGATED Thunder Hot




Water management 10,000.00 CIC Vegetable Special 160 kg 7,840.00

CIC Super 2 400 kg 29,800.00 CIC Micro S Vegetable 10 kg 190.00 1,900.00

Dolomite 400 kg 7.00 2,800.00 Agro chemical

Weedicide/Pesticide/fungicide 25,000.00 Total input material cost 96,140.00

INCOME AND EXPENDITURELand preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 105,950.00 Input material cost 96,140.00 Processing cost - Total cost 208,090.00 Total Yield (kg) 10000Selling price (Rs) 40.00 Income 400,000.00 Profit/Loss 191,910.00 Cost of Production per g 20.81 Labour use Man daysNursery management 8Land preparation -Bed preparation and gt 15Transplanting 15Fertilizer application 10Water management 20Weeding & earthing up 28Pest & disease control 12Harvesting 55Total labour 163


CAPSICUM IRRIGATED Malu




Water management 5,000.00 CIC Vegetable Special 160 kg 49.00 7,840.00

CIC Super 2 400 kg 74.50 29,800.00 CIC Micro S Vegetable 10 kg 190.00 1,900.00


Weedicide/Pesticide/fungicide 25,000.00

Total input material cost 96,340.00 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE

Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 99,450.00 Input material cost 96,340.00 Processing cost - Total cost 201,790.00 Total Yield (kg) 12000Selling price (Rs) 35.00 Income 420,000.00 Profit/Loss 218,210.00 Cost of Production per kg 16.82 Labour use Man daysNursery management 10Land preparation -Bed preparation and mgt 15Transplanting 20Fertilizer application 10Water management 20Weeding & earthing up 28Pest & disease control 12Harvesting 38Total labour 153


TOMATO IRRIGATED Glory







Weedicide/Pesticide/fungicide 25,000.00 Other Sticks 10,000.00


Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 100,750.00 Input material cost 110,352.50 Processing cost - Total cost 217,102.50 Total Yield (kg) 14000Selling price (Rs) 25.00 Income 350,000.00 Profit/Loss 132,897.50 Cost of Production per kg 15.51 Labour use Man daysNursery management 6Land preparation -Bed preparation and mgt 20Transplanting 10Fertilizer application 11Water management 15Weeding & earthing up 19Fixing support 18Pest & disease control 18Harvesting 38Total labour 155


LUFFA IRRIGATED LA33







Weedicide/Pesticide/fungicide 15,000.00 Other

Trellising 25,000.00


Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 87,750.00 Input material cost 99,340.00 Processing cost - Total cost 193,090.00 Total Yield (kg) 14000Selling price (Rs) 20.00 Income 280,000.00 Profit/Loss 86,910.00 Cost of Production per kg 13.79 Labour use Man daysNursery management - Land preparation - Bed preparation and mgt 12Seeding 15Fertilizer application 10Water management 15Weeding & earthing up 20Trellising 22Pest & disease control 6Harvesting 35Total labour 135


BITTER GOURD IRRIGATED Kalu Karawila







Weedicide/Pesticide/fungicide 15,000.00 Other

Trellising 25,000.00 Storage bags units 20.00 -


Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 90,350.00 Input material cost 102,540.00 Processing cost - Total cost 198,890.00 Total Yield (kg) 12000Selling price (Rs) 30.00 Income 360,000.00 Profit/Loss 161,110.00 Cost of Production per kg 16.57 Labour use Man daysNursery management -Land preparation -Bed preparation and mgt 15Seeding 12Fertilizer application 10Water management 18Trellising 24Weeding & earthing up 22Pest & disease control 6Harvesting 32Total labour 139


PUMPKIN IRRIGATED Perakum/Arun







Weedicide/Pesticide/fungicide 7,000.00 -


Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 41,600.00 Input material cost 56,420.00 Processing cost - Total cost 104,020.00 Total Yield (kg) 12000Selling price (Rs) 15.00 Income 180,000.00 Profit/Loss 75,980.00 Cost of Production per kg 8.67

Labour use Man daysNursery management -Land preparation -Bed preparation and mgt 12Seeding 9Fertilizer application 8Water management 10Weeding & earthing up 12Pest & disease control 3Harvesting 10Total labour 64


CUCUMBER IRRIGATED Kanna






Dolomite kg 7.00 - Agro chemical

Weedicide/Pesticide/fungicide 5,000.00 -


Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 34,450.00 Input material cost 65,940.00 Processing cost - Total cost 106,390.00 Total Yield (kg) 14000Selling price (Rs) 12.00 Income 168,000.00 Profit/Loss 61,610.00 Cost of Production per kg 7.60 Labour use Man daysNursery management -Land preparation -Bed preparation and mgt 12Seeding 10Fertilizer application 8Water management 2Weeding & earthing up 8Pest & disease control 3Harvesting 10Total labour 53


OKRA IRRIGATED Super Haritha









Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 49,400.00 Input material cost 37,035.00 Processing cost - Total cost 92,435.00 Total Yield (kg) 10000Selling price (Rs) 15.00 Income 150,000.00 Profit/Loss 57,565.00 Cost of Production per kg 9.24 Labour use Man daysNursery management - Land preparation - Bed preparation and mgt 10Seeding and thinning out 12Fertilizer application 10Water management 12Weeding & earthing up 16Pest & disease control 2Harvesting 14Total labour 76


BRINJAL IRRIGATED Lena Iri/SM164





MOP 68 kg 76.00 5,168.00 Dolomite kg 7.00 -

Agro chemical Weedicide/Pesticide/fungicide 25,000.00

Total input material cost 74,013.00

INCOME AND EXPENDITURELand preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 80,600.00 Input material cost 74,013.00 Processing cost - Total cost 160,613.00 Total Yield (kg) 10000Selling price (Rs) 30.00 Income 300,000.00 Profit/Loss 139,387.00 Cost of Production per kg 16.06 Labour use Man daysNursery management 2Land preparation - Bed preparation and mgt 10Transplanting 10Fertilizer application 12Water management 12Weeding & earthing up 28Pest & disease control 12Harvesting 38Total labour 124


B-ONION IRRIGATED Agrifound Light Red (local)




Water management 5,000.00 CIC Onion special (Stage 1) 250 kg 55.00 13,750.00 CIC Onion special (Stage 2) 250 kg 55.00 13,750.00 CIC Onion special (Stage 3) 250 kg 55.00 13,750.00




Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 193,200.00 Input material cost 122,750.00 Processing cost - Total cost 321,950.00 Total Yield (kg) 15000Selling price (Rs) 40.00 Income 600,000.00 Profit/Loss 278,050.00 Cost of Production per kg 21.46 Labour use Man daysNursery management 30Land preparation - Bed preparation and mgt 60Transplanting 40Fertilizer application 10Water management 40Weeding & earthing up 30Pest & disease control 10Harvesting 40Post harvest activities 16Total labour 276


3. Cost of Production of Grains and Pulses

Same assumptions apply except in the case paddy where irrigated water is used for production. All other crops are cultivated under rainfed conditions.PADDY IRRIGATED DOA varietiesCOST ITEM QTY UNIT RATE COSTLand preparation 1 acre 6,000.00 6,000.00 LABOUR COST 38 units 650.00 24,700.00 INPUT MATERIAL COST


Plant nutrient supplement Fertilizer Subsidy 3 bags 350.00 1,050.00

Organic matter 2000 kg 4.00 8,000.00 Zinc 7 kg 165.00 1,155.00 Urea 125 kg 54.00 TSP 45 kg 61.00

MOP 35 kg 76.00 Dolomite 800 kg 7.00

Agro chemical 2,390.00 Total input material cost

15,260.00

PROCESSING COST 1 acre 3,000.00 3,000.00 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE

Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 24,700.00 Input material cost 15,260.00 Processing cost 3,000.00 Total cost 45,960.00 Total Yield (kg) 2460Selling price (Rs) 28.00 Income 68,880.00 Profit/Loss 22,920.00 Cost of Production per kg 18.68 Labour use Man daysBunt clearing 6Seeding 0.5Fertilizing 1.5Irrigating 7Weeding 4Harvesting 8Collecting 5Post harvest handling 4Transport 2Total labour units 38


MAIZE RAINFED Rambo



Plant nutrient supplement Organic matter 1000 kg 4.00 4,000.00 Liquid fertilizer 4.00 -

Urea 87 kg 54.00 4,698.00 TSP 40 kg 61.00 2,440.00

MOP 20 kg 76.00 1,520.00 Dolomite 7.00 -



Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 23,400.00 Input material cost 18,858.00 Processing cost 3,000.00 Total cost 48,258.00 Total Yield (kg) 2500Selling price (Rs) 28.00 Income 70,000.00 Profit/Loss 21,742.00 Cost of Production per kg 19.30 Labour use Man daysSeeding 6Basal dressing 4Irrigation 0Weeding 0Pest and Disease control 2Top dressing 2Crop supporting 0Crop maintenance 0Harvesting 8Post harvest handling 2Transport 1Total labour units 25


KURAKKAN RAINFED DOA Varieties


Planting materials seeds 3 kg 105.00 315.00

Plant nutrient supplement cow dung -

Liquid fertilizer - Urea 40 kg 54.00 2,160.00 TSP 20 kg 61.00 1,220.00

MOP 20 kg 76.00 1,520.00 Dolomite 7.00 -

Agro chemical 500.00 Total input material cost 5,715.00


Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 21,450.00 Input material cost 5,715.00 Processing cost 3,000.00 Total cost 33,165.00 Total Yield (kg) 900Selling price (Rs) 50.00 Income 45,000.00 Profit/Loss 11,835.00 Cost of Production per kg 36.85 Labour use Man daysLand preparation Leveling & Broadcasting 8Basal dressing 1Mulching -Irrigation -Weeding (If row seeding) 8Pest and Disease control -Top dressing 1Harvesting 12Post harvest handling 2Transport 1Total labour 33


GREENGRAM RAINFED DOA Varieties





MOP 30 kg 76.00 2,280.00 Dolomite 7.00 -



Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 27,300.00 Input material cost 10,304.00 Processing cost 3,000.00 Total cost 46,604.00 Total Yield (kg) 700Selling price (Rs) 80.00 Income 56,000.00 Profit/Loss 9,396.00 Cost of Production per kg 66.58 Labour use Man daysLand Preparation -Preparation of Beds and Ridges 7Row seeding 6Basal dressing 2Mulching -Irrigation -Weeding 8Pest and Disease control 2Top dressing 1Harvesting 12Post harvest handling 3Transport 1Total labour 42


COWPEA RAINFED DOA Varieties





MOP 30 kg 76.00 2,280.00 Dolomite 7.00 -



Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 26,000.00 Input material cost 10,974.00 Processing cost 3,000.00 Total cost 42,974.00 Total Yield (kg) 600Selling price (Rs) 80.00 Income 48,000.00 Profit/Loss 5,026.00 Cost of Production per kg 71.62 Labour use Man daysLand preparation -Preparation of Beds & ridges 7Basal dressing 2Seeding 6Mulching 0Irrigation 0Weeding 8Pest and Disease control 1Top dressing 1Harvesting 12Post harvest handling 2Transport 1Total labour 40


BLACKGRAM RAINFED DOA Varieties

COST ITEM QTY UNIT RATE COSTLand preparation 1 acre 6,000.00 6,000.00 LABOUR COST 36.5 units 650.00 23,725.00 INPUT MATERIAL COST


Plant nutrient supplement cow dungs -


MOP 30 kg 76.00 2,280.00 Dolomite 7.00 -

Total input material cost 9,444.00


Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 23,725.00 Input material cost 9,444.00 Processing cost 3,000.00 Total cost 39,169.00 Total Yield (kg) 600Selling price (Rs) 75.00 Income 45,000.00 Profit/Loss 5,831.00 Cost of Production per kg 65.28 Labour use Man daysLand Preparation -Preparation of Bed and Ridges 8Basal dressing 3Seeding 4Mulching -Irrigation -Weeding 6Pest and Disease control 1.5Top dressing 1Harvesting 10Post harvest handling 2Transport 1Total labour 36.5


SOYBEAN RAINFED DOA Varieties





MOP 30 kg 76.00 2,280.00 Dolomite 7.00 -



Land preparation cost 6,000.00 Labour cost 27,950.00 Input material cost 10,780.00 Processing cost 3,000.00 Total cost 44,730.00 Total Yield (kg) 1000Selling price (Rs) 85.00 Income 85,000.00 Profit/Loss 40,270.00 Cost of Production per kg 44.73 Labour use Man daysLand preparation -Preparation of Beds & Ridges 8Basal dressing 2Crop establishment 8Mulching -Irrigation -Weeding 9Pest and Disease control 2Top dressing 1Harvesting 10Post harvest handling 2Transport 1Total labour 43

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