Cibernetica, modelli computazionali e tecnologie informatiche
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Transcript of Cibernetica, modelli computazionali e tecnologie informatiche
12/04/2023 1
Cibernetica, modelli computazionali e tecnologie informatiche
per lo studio dei processi di cognizione sociale
Nature, Nurture and Future8 Dicembre 2009
Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science
University of Siena, Italy
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Overview
• Cibernetica• Knowledge Engineering• Biomedical Engineering• Neuronal Machine
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Cibernetica
La cibernetica è la scienza che studia i fenomeni di autoregolazione (controlli automatici e
controlli adattativi) e comunicazione (teoria dell'informazione - IT), sia negli organismi
naturali quanto nei sistemi artificiali.
Norbert Wiener
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Knowledge EngineeringExample
Data … --- …
Information S O S
Knowledge emergency alert
•Biomedical System
•Telecomunication System
•Storage System
Data
•Storage System
•Data Mining & Search Engine
•Image , Signal Processing
Information
•Knowledge Based Storage
•Automatic, Adaptive, Complex Control
Knowledge
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Ingegneria Biomedica (una volta Bio Ingegneria)
Estrarre dati (sistemi
biomedici)
Produrre Informazione
(Signal & Image
Processing)
Modellare sistemi naturali
Emulare sistemi naturali
Costruire sistemi
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Biomedical System
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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fMRI
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Eye Tracking
EOG Pupil Tracking
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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EEG & Evocated Potential
Signal Decomposition EEG
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Active System
tDCS TMS
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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IT & LIFE
Data 2 Information
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Search Engine – Patent DB
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Tele Riabilitazione : Eracle Project
In loco rehabilitation
Tele-rehabilitation
Remote help desk
Social Area
Decision Making - NeuroEconomic
• Game Theory• The subject was asked
to choose between two sign according to previous chooses– Overconfident– Bayesian
04/12/2023 EVA – EYE TRACKING - STIMULUS INTEGRATED SEMI AUTOMATIC CASE BASE SYSTEM 14
[Innocenti & Rufa 2010]
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Knowlede Management nelle Scienze della Vita
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Algoritmi per la Diagnosi
• Ipertensione endocranica idiopatica
[Tornese 2007]
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Biomedical System• “More 60% of our Barin
works on vision …”:
– Image Processing– Attention – Working memory– Memory– Visual-Spatial exploration– Eye Movement– Intention– Decision
The focus of attention is jointly determined by stimulus salience and top-down control signals. IOR is implemented by a mechanism that reduces the salience of stimuli at recently explored spatial locations.
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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EVA – EYE TRACKING - STIMULUS INTEGRATED SEMI AUTOMATIC CASE BASESYSTEM
• Test the cognitive system by multi-stimulus
• Diagnosis by Case Base
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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EVA – EYE TRACKING - STIMULUS INTEGRATED SEMI AUTOMATIC CASE BASESYSTEM
STIMULUS INTEGRATED SEMI AUTOMATIC CASE BASE SYSTEM
Vision Cognitive Task
Analysis(Indicators)
Case Base
Diagnosis
Rehabilitation
University of Siena Patent
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Mean Sequence
• Diagnosis SCA2• Vp=Vmax (1 – exp(A/C))
[Leigh 2004]
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Nauronal Machine
Model of Brain and ….
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Working Memory & Visual Search• Working memory :
– is a theoretical construct that refers to the structures and processes used for temporarily storing and manipulating information.
• Visual Search– memory maintains the
information in order to allow past experience to guide future behaviors
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Early Model of saccade System
Neural network
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Cerebellum as adaptive control
[2007 T. Yamazaki]
[Ito 2008]
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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A real-time spiking cerebellum model for learning robot control
[Carrillo 2008]
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Visual Search
Frontal area
Internal intention
Planning fixations
Priority map
[Itti 2000]
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Eye Movements & Attention• Eye movements
– Sequences of fixation and saccade
– The sequences of saccade-and-fixation enable humans to receive a continuous flow of information from the world.
• Attention– Attention is the process of
selecting a few relevant perceptive stimuli by filtering of negligible aspect of the environment
Overlapped region
Peripheral attentionSaccadic eye movements
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Break Away from Fixations
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Break Away from Fixations Model
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[Veneri 2010]
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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Decisione Making• Decision making:
– can be regarded as an outcome of mental processes (cognitive process) leading to the selection of a course of action among several alternatives.
Basic connectivity framework. Dotted arrows represent external inputs to the model. Abbreviations: 5-HT, dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; AMYG, amygdala; DA, midbrain dopaminergic neurons; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; VS, ventral striatum.
12/04/2023 Eye tracking & Vision Applications Lab (EVA Lab) Department of Neurological Neurosurgical and Behavioral Science University of Siena, Italy
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References• Carrillo R, Ros E, Boucheny C, Coenen O. A real-time spiking
cerebellum model for learning robot control. Biosystems. 2008;94(1-2):18-27. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0303264708001226.
• Ito M. Control of mental activities by internal models in the cerebellum. Nature. (Box 1).
• Karl E. Misulis, Toufic Fakhoury (2001), Spehlmann's Evoked Potential Primer, Butterworth-heinemann
• 1975 – Engel - Visual cospicuity, visual search and fixation tendencies of the eye – Vision
• 1976 – Banks et al – Configurational effects in visual information processing. Perception & Psycophysics
• 1993- Fischer, B., Biscaldi, M., and Otto. Saccadic eye movements of dyslexic adults. Neuropsychologia, Vol. 31, No 9, pp. 887-906.
• Zhaoping Li 2002, A Saliency Map in Primary Visual Cortex (2002), Trends in neuroscience
• W. Wolwer 2003 – Trait Characteristic id Impaired Visuomotor Integration during Trail-Making Test B Performance in Schozophrenia – Neuropsycobiology
• 2004 E.Davis – Visual search attention – Spatial Vision• 2004 R.Leigh – Using saccades as a research tool in clinical
neurosciences – Brain• 2005 B. Machner – cerebellar infarction affects visual search -
Neuroreport• 2006 – Administration and interpretation of the Trail Making Test –
Nature Protocols• 2006 – H. Ojanpaa - Visual search and eye movements in patients
with chronic solvent-induced toxic enecelophaty – NeuroToxicology• 2007 – T. Yamazaki,Shigeru Tanaka - The cerebellum as a liquid state
machine – Neural Network• 2008 G. Jacobson, et Al.- A model of the olivo-cerebellar system as a
temporal pattern generator• 2008 M. Ito - Cerebellar circuitry as a neuronal machine – Nat
neuroscience