Renaissance Church1500-1700

Enlightenment Church 1700-1900

Modern Church 1900-2000+

Early Church ~30-500

Emerging Church 500-1000 A.D.

Medieval Church 1000-1500

• A great surge in the growth of art and literature• Renewed interest in the cultures

of ancient Greece and Rome

• Impossible without centuries of emphasis on learning

• Michelangelo, Raphael, Leonardo Da Vinci, (Shakespeare)

• many leaders, including Church leaders, caught up in luxury living, excess, wealth, immorality

Need for Reform

1. New teachings, new ideas challenging accepted traditions

2. Papal Authority was severely weakened by Great Schism

3. Scandalous behavior in the lives of many clergy

• Growing desire to get back to basics in Church

• Kings trying to dominate papacy

• New methods of studying and publishing Scripture

• Printing Press

St. Teresa of Avila 1515-1582

• Spanish mystic, theologian, nun, author

• reformer of the Carmelite Order, founder of the Discalced Carmelites

• Also a “Doctor of the Church” – wrote several great works

• Grandfather was convicted by Inquisition

• Jewish convert

• Entered a cloister which was very lax –after some years, felt called to get “backto basics” – absolute poverty

• Was persecuted by her order and others

• Poverty was scandalous

• Eventually became patron saint of Spain

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Event: Reformation

• Reformers were Catholics of high principle who had no intention of dividing the Church… but that’s what happened

• Luther responded to personal and Church sinfulness with: God alone saves people through faith

• Sola scriptora – Scripture alone, instead of Scripture and Tradition

• Indulgences

• Church began legal proceedings against him, excommunicated

• Becomes Lutheranism – a movement beyond Luther’s control

• Zwingli: nothing at all is valid if not in the Bible: Puritanism

• Calvin: God has already chosen who will be saved: predestination

Renaissance: Uniting or Dividing?

(Re-)United DividedSome Eastern OrthodoxChurches

Lutheranism

Assyrian Church Puritanism & Anabaptism

Oriental OrthodoxChurch

Calvinism

Anglicanism

Unity•Constantinople falls to Islam

• becomes Istanbul

•Russian Orthodox Church:

•Moscow becomes most powerful

• Some formerly Orthodox Churches re-unite with Rome: Union of Brest

Event: Counter Reformation

• Council of Trent gathered all bishops to respond to Protestantism

• Establishes what is Catholic teaching

• Standardizes much of Church life, including the Mass, training priests

• A “Hard Line” but one that provided unity

St. Ignatius of Loyola1491-1556• a Spanish knight from a local Basque

noble family

• Wounded in battle, while recovering converted to deeper faith

• Noticed Consolation and Desolation

• Wrote Spiritual Exercises

• founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

• characterized by absolute obedience to the Pope

• Jesuits worked in rural parishes, set example of Catholic renewal

• Also became missionaries to expanding world

Event: Exploration

Event: Colonization

• No question Christian Churches worked with states to conquer indigenous peoples around the world, and also upheld their rights

• Also: Sublimis Deus (1537)

• unequivocally declares the indigenous peoples of the Americas to be rational beings with souls

• denouncing any idea to the contrary as directly inspired by the "enemy of the human race" (Satan)

• condemns their reduction to slavery in the strongest terms

• entitles their right to liberty and property

• concludes with a call for their evangelization.