Chronology of Virus Research · 2016-11-28 · Chronology of Virus Research 18-19 Century:...
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Chronology of Virus Research 18-19 Century: “Golden Age of Bacteriology” -establish
bacteriological and immunological technique-foundation
of virology: Pasteur, Koch,Lister, Erlich.
1700’s Smallpox - variolation
1798 Jenner- cowpox
1885 Pasteur - rabies
1890’s Mayer, Iwanowski, Bijerinck
TMV - filtrate experiments 1
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Rous- Ellermann Bang – tumor virus of chickens
Rous- initial tissue culture studies
Twort and D;Herrelle- 1st bacterial virus
1930-1940 Burnet - embryonated egg
Elford - collodian filters
Ruska - electron microscope
1910-1920
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1940-1950 Modern Day Virology
Electron microscope
Antibodies - Tissue culture - new fields:
Ultra-centrifuge
Radioisotopes
Federal Grants (RSA,NIH…..)
Vaccinology
Endocrinology Cell
Biology
Developmental
Biology Molecular
Biology Biochemistry
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Understanding DNA Helix
Reverse transcriptase
Molecular hybridization
DNA + RNA synthesis
protein synthesis (triplet cod)
1980’s Recombinant DNA technology
Oncogenes
Cellular regulation
1990’s Gene Therapy - 1st approves -
human genetic disease
1960-1970’s
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Example:
Definition:
Terms:
DNA or RNA
+
Protein coat
Obligate intracellular
parasite
Viruses
HIV Human immunodeficiency
Virus
Pathogenic
AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency
Syndrome
Arbovirus Arthropod - borne virus Vector
Yellow fever
West Nile Fever
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الصفات العامة للفيروسات
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF VIRUSES
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Example:
Definition:
Terms:
20-300 nm
Small
Size
Simple Structure
DNA or RNA Nucleic acid Genome A
Single – Double
Segmented – Non segmented
Linear – Circular
Polarity (-) or (+)
Capsid Protein B
Protective protein
Human + Animal Viruses
Enveloped -
Lipid
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الصفات العامة للفيروسات
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF VIRUSES
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Example:
Definition:
Terms:
Effect and infection
Different forms
Morphology
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الصفات العامة للفيروسات
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF VIRUSES
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VIRUS
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SIZE
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Koneman et al. Color Atlas and Textbook of Microbiology 5th Ed. 1997 10
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ICOSAHEDRAL SYMMETRY
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Virus particle = virion
White, DO and Fenner, FJ.
Medical Virology, 4th Ed. 1994
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Differences between virus and
bacteria
No. Item Bacteria Virus
1 Cell wall +ve -ve
2 Organelles +ve -ve
3 Nuclear membrane +ve -ve
4 Metabolism +ve -ve
5 Type of nucleic acid DNA and RNA DNA or RNA
6 Infectious nucleic acid -ve +ve
7 Size Over 300 nm Under 300 nm
8 Sensitivity to interferon -ve +ve
9 Sensitivity to antibiotics +ve -ve
10 Replication Binary fission Host cell
dependant
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Example:
Definition:
Terms:
Hela Cells
Vero Cell - culture Cultivation of
viruses
SPF - Eggs Chick - embryo
Mice Lab- animals
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Replication
Arbovirus Carrier state / vector State of life
cycle
HSV Latent State
HIV Integration [Transformation] 15
الصفات العامة للفيروسات
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF VIRUSES
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HIV - Biology
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Example:
Definition:
Terms:
Lysogenic Bacteriophage االندماج
Lytic cycle التحلل
Molecular Weight
Measles Human Host Range
AIDS
Poliomyelitis
Rabies Human- Animal
Influenza viruses Many hosts 19
الصفات العامة للفيروسات
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF VIRUSES
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Example:
Definition:
Terms:
Virus Type Virus &
Host interaction
Host
Conditions
Chemical & Physical
Effects
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الصفات العامة للفيروسات
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF VIRUSES
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•Transmission + dissemination in nature
1) Virus
2) Time
3) Place
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TRANSMISSION OF VIRUSES
Respiratory route
eg. Influenza A
Fecal-oral route
eg. Hepatitis A
Sexually transmitted
route, eg. papillomaviruses
Zoonotic Infections
Rabies Virus Yellow Fever Virus Flaviviruses
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Example:
Definition:
Terms:
Transmission
Antigenic Drift Mutation
Antigenic Shift
Genetic Reassortment
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الصفات العامة للفيروسات
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF VIRUSES
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:EASSORTMENTR ENETICG
Antigenic Shift
Antigenic drift
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Antigenic Drift
UCGACACUUGCG
AGCUGUGAACGC
UCGACAUUUGCG
Mutation
Transcription
Translation
Ser Cys Glu Arg
Antigenic Drift 256 possible 25
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Reassortment
PB1
PB2
PA HA NA NP M1 & 2 NS1 & 2
PB1
PB2
PA HA NA NP M1 & 2 NS1 & 2
PB1
PB2
PA HA NA NP M1 & 2 NS1 & 2
Human
isolate Avian
isolate
Reassorted virus 26
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Example:
Definition:
Terms:
Virus Structure
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الصفات العامة للفيروسات
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF VIRUSES
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VIRION STRUCTURE
Nucleic Acid
Spike
Projections
Protein
Capsid
Lipid Envelope
Virion
Associated
Polymerase
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