Chronic DiseasesChronic Diseases

Cardiovascular DiseaseCardiovascular Disease

Disease that affects the heart or blood Disease that affects the heart or blood vesselsvessels

Two types – hypertension and Two types – hypertension and atherosclerosisatherosclerosis

Behavioral factors – smoking, poor diet, lack Behavioral factors – smoking, poor diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol abuse, obesity, of physical activity, alcohol abuse, obesity, poor stress managementpoor stress management

Environmental factors – stressful workplaceEnvironmental factors – stressful workplace

HypertensionHypertension

High blood pressure. High blood pressure. It can damage blood vessels and heart over It can damage blood vessels and heart over

a long period of time. a long period of time. It is called the “silent killer”. It is called the “silent killer”. It is most common in people over the age of It is most common in people over the age of

35. 35. Prevent it by eating healthy, exercising Prevent it by eating healthy, exercising

regularly, and managing your weight.regularly, and managing your weight.

AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis

An accumulation of plaque on artery walls.An accumulation of plaque on artery walls. Typically caused by unhealthy food choices Typically caused by unhealthy food choices

high in saturated fats and cholesterol. high in saturated fats and cholesterol. As the plaque builds, it hardens on the walls As the plaque builds, it hardens on the walls

of the arteries.of the arteries. It can lead to strokes and heart attacks.It can lead to strokes and heart attacks.

CancerCancer

Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cellsUncontrollable growth of abnormal cells Tumor – abnormal mass of tissue that has Tumor – abnormal mass of tissue that has

no natural role in the body. They are not no natural role in the body. They are not always associated with cancer. There are always associated with cancer. There are two types – benign and malignant.two types – benign and malignant.

Skin CancerSkin Cancer

Also called melanoma. Also called melanoma. Can be detected in physical exam and Can be detected in physical exam and

removed by a biopsy.removed by a biopsy. Behavioral factors – exposure to the sun or Behavioral factors – exposure to the sun or

radiation, failure to use radiation, failure to use sunscreen/clothing/shade, use of tanning sunscreen/clothing/shade, use of tanning beds.beds.

Environmental factors – depletion of ozone Environmental factors – depletion of ozone layer, lack of shade, time of day, occupationlayer, lack of shade, time of day, occupation

Lung CancerLung Cancer Can also be classified as carcinoma Can also be classified as carcinoma

(aggressive). (aggressive). Typically no immediate symptoms. Typically no immediate symptoms. May have severe cough, wheezing, May have severe cough, wheezing,

coughing up blood, and hoarseness. coughing up blood, and hoarseness. It is detected in a chest x-ray.It is detected in a chest x-ray. Behavioral factors – smoking, general air Behavioral factors – smoking, general air

pollutionpollution Environmental factors – exposure to radon, Environmental factors – exposure to radon,

asbestosasbestos

OsteoporosisOsteoporosis

Condition in which there is a progressive Condition in which there is a progressive loss of bone tissue.loss of bone tissue.

Healthful behaviors during teen years can Healthful behaviors during teen years can reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. later in life.

Can be detected by a bone scan.Can be detected by a bone scan. Behavioral factors – lack of physical activity, Behavioral factors – lack of physical activity,

lack of calcium and vitamin D in diet.lack of calcium and vitamin D in diet. Environmental factors – none identifiedEnvironmental factors – none identified

BronchitisBronchitis An inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection An inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection

or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution. air pollution.

Also causes bronchi to produce excess amounts Also causes bronchi to produce excess amounts of mucus, which block the airways causing of mucus, which block the airways causing coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

Treatments include antibiotics and reducing the Treatments include antibiotics and reducing the exposure.exposure.

Behavioral factors – smoking, choice of Behavioral factors – smoking, choice of occupationoccupation

Environmental factors – general air pollution, Environmental factors – general air pollution, asbestos in buildings, secondhand smokeasbestos in buildings, secondhand smoke

EmphysemaEmphysema

A disease that progressively destroys the A disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli.walls of the alveoli.

Almost always caused by smoking.Almost always caused by smoking. Some symptoms include breathing difficulty Some symptoms include breathing difficulty

and chronic cough.and chronic cough. Behavioral factors – smoking, choice of Behavioral factors – smoking, choice of

occupationoccupation Environmental factors – general pollution, Environmental factors – general pollution,

asbestos in buildings, secondhand smokeasbestos in buildings, secondhand smoke