Chrnonic Obstructive Pulomonary Disease - Pathophysiology
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Transcript of Chrnonic Obstructive Pulomonary Disease - Pathophysiology
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Dr Muhammad Omair Riaz
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A condition in which;
The lungs have become permanently altered .
The airways in the lungs are constantly
narrowed.
Chronic inflammation creates difficulty
breathing
What is COPD?
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The anatomy of the Lungs
The Lungs
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COPD causes airway narrowing, inflammation and
mucous production.
What does COPD do?
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16 million Americans are diagnosed with COPD
14 million have Chronic Bronchitis
2 million have Emphysema
COPD Facts
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Bronchitis is inflammation of the inner lining of the
Bronchi
Bronchitis
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Emphysema is long-term destruction of lungs over time.
Emphysema
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COPD results from
smoking
second-hand smoke
air pollution
Occupational irritants
COPD Causes
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Substances within cigarettes damage the alveoli sacs.
Cigarette smoking
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COPD is the 4th leading cause of death in the United States.
COPD has a higher mortality rate than Asthma.
The annual cost to the nation for COPD is approximately $30.4 Billion dollars.
COPD Facts
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Cough with or without mucous
Fatigue
Frequent respiratory infections
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Symptoms
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COPD: Spectrum of Disease
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Restrictive
Reduced expansion
Reduced aeration (secondary to above)
Obstructive
Normal expansion
Reduced aeration (pathologic)
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Restrictive versus Obstructive
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Inhalers (Bronchodilators)
Anti-inflammatory medications
Oxygen therapy
Antibiotics (with Bacterial infection)
Medical Treatment of COPD
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Slow the accelerated decline in lung function
Relieve symptoms
Improve daily function
Decrease exacerbations
Improve quality of life.
Treatment Objectives
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Smoking cessation is the most important consideration.
Accelerated loss of lung function can be slowed
Decline in loss of lung function can be reduced
Smoking Cessation
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COPD is a long-term illness
COPD worsens quickly with smoking
COPD can cause arrhythmias
COPD can cause pneumonia
COPD can cause osteoporosis
Complications
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Questions?