Christian Political Witness edited by George Kalantzisand Gregory W. Lee

8132019 Christian Political Witness edited by George Kalantzis and Gregory W Lee

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchristian-political-witness-edited-by-george-kalantzis-and-gregory-w-lee 132

CHRISTIANPOLITICAL

WITNESSEdited by George Kalantzisamp Gregory W Lee

Contributors include

William Cavanaugh

Stanley Hauerwas

Scot McKnight

Mark Noll





CHRISTIAN

POLITICAL

WITNESS

Edited by George Kalantzis

amp Gregory W Lee

Copyrighted Material wwwivpresscompermissions



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copy983090983088983089983092 by George Kalanzis and Gregory W Lee

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Inerior design Beh Hagenberg

Images Ponius Pilaersquos Second Inerrogaion o Chris by Duccio di Buoninsegna De Agosini Picure Library G

Nimaallah Te Bridgeman Ar Library

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sari borders copy hpkalyaniiSockphoo

ISBN 983097983095983096-983088-983096983091983088983096-983092983088983093983089-983097 (prin)

ISBN 983097983095983096-983088-983096983091983088983096-983097983094983090983088-983090 (digial)

Prined in he Unied Saes o America infin

InerVarsiy Press is commited o proecing he environmen and o he responsible use o naural resources Asa member o Green Press Iniiaive we use recycled paper whenever possible o learn more abou he Green Press Iniiaive visi wwwgreenpressiniiaiveorg

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A caalog record or his book is available fom he Library o Congress

P 983090983093 983090983092 983090983091 983090983090 983090983089 983090983088 983089983097 983089983096 983089983095 983089983094 983089983093 983089983092 983089983091 983089983090 983089983089 983089983088 983097 983096 983095 983094 983093 983092 983091 983090 983089

Y 983091983093 983091983092 983091983091 983091983090 983091983089 983091983088 983090983097 983090983096 983090983095 983090983094 983090983093 983090983092 983090983091 983090983090 983090983089 983090983088 983089983097 983089983096 983089983095 983089983094 983089983093 983089983092




CONTENTS

I983150983156983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983097

George Kalanzis and Gregory W Lee

983089 C983144983157983154983139983144 M983137983156983156983141983154983155 983089983095

Sanley Hauerwas

983090 T983144983141 P983141983154983145983148 983137983150983140 P983151983156983141983150983156983145983137 983148 983151983142 S983139983154983145983152983156983157983154983141 983145983150

C983144983154983145983155983156983145983137983150 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983137983148 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983091983093

Mark A Noll

983091 E983160983156983154983137 983141983139983139983148983141983155983145983137983149 983150983157983148983148983157983149 983154983141983143983150983157983149 983093983094

he Poliics o Jesus

Sco McKnigh

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imohy G Gombis

983093 A W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983156983151 983156983144983141 N983137983156983145983151983150983155 983097983088

Early Chrisianiy and Narraives o Power

George Kalanzis

983094 N983151983156 S983151 P983154983145983158983137983156983141 983089983089983090

A Poliical heology o Church and Family

Jana Marguerie Benne

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he Corporae Form and he Body o Chris

William Cavanaugh

983096 V983145983151983148983141983150983139983141 983089983092983095

Peer J Leihar 983097 J983157983155983156 W983137983154 983137983155 C983144983154983145983155983156983145983137983150 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983155 983089983094983091

Daniel M Bell Jr




983089983088 R983141983152983141983150983156983137983150983139983141 983137983155 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983137983148 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983089983095983097

Jennier M McBride

983089983089 T983151983159983137983154983140 983137983150 E983158983137983150983143983141983148983145983139983137983148 S983151983139983145983137983148 T983154983137983140983145983156983145983151983150 983089983097983094

Key Curren Debaes

David P Gushee

983089983090 ldquoY983151983157 A983154983141 983145983150 983156983144983141 W983151983154983148983140 983138983157983156 N983151983156 983151983142 I983156rdquo 983090983089983092

David Giaridagger

C983151983150983156983154983145983138983157983156983151983154983155 983090983091983090

S983157983138983146983141983139983156 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983091

N983137983149983141 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983094

S983139983154983145983152983156983157983154983141 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983096




INTRODUCTION

George K alantzis and Gregory W Lee

On Ocober 10486261048632 104862710486251048626 Consanine won arguably he mos aeul miliary

vicory in he hisory o Chrisianiy Having crossed he Alps during he

spring o ha year Consanine had his eyes se on Rome where his rival or

he imperial hrone ruled Some ime beore he batle as laer auhors would

recoun Consanine experienced a vision o a cross in he sky coupled wih

an inscripion ha read ldquoBy his conquerrdquo Te Romans were used o signsand visions indicaing he avor or disavor o he gods and Consanine knew

immediaely wha o do He had a copy o his sign made or his proecion

and a Chrisian symbol inscribed on his soldiersrsquo shields and prepared or war

Consanine would proceed o deea Maxenius and his roops decisively

a he Milvian Bridge an imporan enrance ino Rome ha crossed he

iber River Bu wha exacly his vicory mean would be debaed even in

Consaninersquos era His greaes hagiographer Eusebius o Caesarea wouldcompare he momen o he exodus Like Moses Consanine grew up in he

household o a pagan ruler (no Pharaoh bu he emperor Diocleian) ye

managed o remain aihul o he one rue God Mosesrsquo ask was o deliver

his people rom yrannical oppression Consaninersquos was he same And

when Maxenius sank like a sone ino he iber River was ha no like

Pharaoh and his armies drowning in he Red Sea afer Moses and he Isra-

elies had crossed on dry ground

Cerainly Eusebius had conemporary evens on his side Consanine

would assume sole rule over he Roman Wes and soon issue wih Licinius his

Easern counerpar a momenous decree o religious oleraion Promul-




10486251048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155

gaed in February 104862710486251048627 he ldquoEdic o Milanrdquo did no make Chrisianiy he o-

ficial religion o he Roman Empire bu i did legalize and promoe Chrisi-

aniy hroughou Romersquos erriories Chrisians won he righ o worshipSeized erriories were reurned Bishops received imperial powers Enormous

churches were consruced Scribes produced new copies o Scripure some

o which remain our mos imporan manuscrips oday Wihin a ew genera-

ions in 104862710486321048624 Chrisianiy would complee he ransiion rom suspicious ldquosu-

persiionrdquo o sae religion when Emperor Teodosius I inscribed he aih

ino law

Bu wha happens i circumsances change In 104862810486251048624 ewer han wo decadesafer pagan religion was banned in 104862710486331048627 Rome was sacked or he firs ime in

hundreds o years Romans who had never appreciaed he Chrisian akeover

had a ready explanaion he gods were angry ha Rome had abandoned is

radiional religion Tis was divine reribuion or convering o he God o

Jesus In he massive Ciy o God Augusine ook up his pen agains such criics

bu his response posed as much o a challenge o he Chrisians o his day as o

he pagans I was silly o blame Chris or Romersquos recen calamiy when Rome

had suffered much worse long beore he incarnaion Godrsquos myserious will

canno be read off he vagaries o emporal evens in he firs place Tere is a

botom no difference beween he presumpion o Chrisrsquos avor afer some

miliary riumph and he atribuion o some physical calamiy o he wrah o

he gods Each reduces worship o he atainmen o earhly goods

Moreover God has no aligned himsel wih any one poliical communiy

no mater is power or he duraion o is reignmdashno communiy ha is excep

or he heavenly ciy which is Godrsquos people Bu his communiy lives a very

differen exisence rom earhly orders As Augusine argued in a radiion o

Chrisian wriers exending back o he second cenury oher peoples pu

heir hope in emporal reward bu he ciy o God looks or eernal blessing

walking by aih and no by sigh as a pilgrim in a oreign land During his

emporal exisence he heavenly ciy does need earhly goods as does he

earhly ciy bu i will only pursue hem or he sake o heavenly hings Te

poliics o Godrsquos people will hereore no conorm o he poliics o he worldhough here may be some room or cooperaion and common ground For

he goals o he wo ciies canno finally be aligned

Seveneen hundred years afer he Edic o Milan Chrisians coninue o




Inroducion 1048625 1048625

wresle wih he relaion beween church and sae Wha migh a disincively

Chrisian winess mean in an increasingly polarized climae where he im-

mensiy o he challenges governmens ace seems mached only by he pari-sanship o he poliical sysem Wha is he proper Chrisian response o un-

ending wars burgeoning deb disregard or civil liberies atacks on he

sanciy o lie and economic injusice no o menion ongoing challenges o

radiional undersandings o sexualiy and marriage Are Chrisians anyhing

more han an ineres group open o manipulaion by hose who mos enic-

ingly promise o preserve a cerain way o lie And how will Chrisians re-

spond o heir increasingly marginalized saus in he Wes where Chris-endom is a leas on he wane i no as some have suggesed proceeding o

is slow and final deah

Te weny-second Wheaon Teology Conerence held on he campus o

Wheaon College in April 1048626104862410486251048627 urnished an opporuniy o consider hese

quesions aresh Despie he variey o perspecives and approaches he pre-

seners conribued one may noe in hese essays a cerain commonaliy o

heme Chrisians mus remind hemselves ha he primary locus o Chrisian

poliical aciviy is he church We do no finally pu our rus in miliary

power economic migh or even he wisdom o ounding ahers Our aih is

ulimaely in Jesus Chris and his love or he communiy he ounded Te

shape o our corporae lie should hereore reflec above all else fideliy o

him and no jus ideniy poliics or pragmaic concerns

No one in conemporary heological discussion has insised more persis-

enly on he difference church makes han Sanley Hauerwas so his volume

begins wih his deense o he church as a maerial culure defined by concree

pracices and habis Te churchrsquos poliics canno accommodae he privai-

zaion o religion as he Enlighenmen would have us believe Te asserion

ha Jesus Chris is he Lord o he universe is no mater o personal opinion

and he church is indeed called o public winess Te grea wenieh-cenury

example o his vision is Karl Barh whose rejecion o any heology rooed

primarily in human experience no only animaed his asserion o God as God

bu also illuminaed his percepion o he hrea Hiler posed Ye as Barhhimsel would learn his God has embraced humaniy in he person o Jesus

Chris and i is precisely Chrisrsquos maerialiy ha grounds he churchrsquos poliics

and is hope beore an uncerain uure




1048625 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155

One way o reading Hauerwasrsquos essay is ha commimen o scripural au-

horiy is criical o Chrisian fideliy bu canno secure moral discernmen in

he absence o he virues ha enable Scripure o be heard properly Mark ANollrsquos essay presens a more explici warning in ha regard charing he ways

preachers used he Bible boh o oppose and affirm slavery during he era o

he American Civil War Te Bible was very much he naionrsquos book and hese

preachers all shared a high reverence or Scripure Ye heir presumpive use

o biblical rheoric in suppor o parisan poliical agendas heir ailure o

recognize heir own culural presupposiions and heir hereical assumpion

o American excepionalism combined in many cases o equae Americarsquosrace-based slavery wih he raher differen insiuions in view during he

imes o he Old and New esamens Tankully no all preachers ell ino

such raps and Noll presens as a posiive counerexample hose more care-

ully atuned o he hisorical conex o he biblical wriings he progressive

characer o revelaion and he basis o biblical ehics in biblical heology

So much or clearing he brush Te nex hree essays consider he winess

o Scripure and early Chrisianiy concerning he churchrsquos poliics Sco Mc-

Knigh begins wih Jesusrsquo own example ocusing especially on Jesusrsquo eaching

abou he kingdom o God Tis erm is bes undersood agains Jesusrsquo Jewish

conex as ldquohe redeemed communiy under Jesusrdquo and bears srong eschao-

logical ecclesial chrisological and ehical valences Indeed he kingdom is

essenially he church whose poliics are characerized by love divine power

and he cross Tese dynamics can be seen mos clearly in Jesusrsquo responses o

Pilae and Herod his eachings on axes and especially his enrance ino Jeru-

salem which marked Jesusrsquo rejecion o riumphalism as well as his public

proes agains he emple sysem

imohy G Gombis urns his atenion o Paul Agains common assump-

ions abou Paulrsquos heology Gombis argues ha Paulrsquos gospel is horoughly

poliical a qualiy bes discerned agains he narraive backdrop o Israelrsquos

hope or he resoraion o shalom he flourishing o creaion and humaniy

under God Preconversion Paul persecued Chrisians because he considered

hem a hrea o Godrsquos deliverance o Israel rom her enemies His experienceon he road o Damascus helped him o see ha Godrsquos work o salvaion would

ake ime ha Godrsquos poliics mus be shaped by he cross and ha Godrsquos new

polis embraced all naions under Chris Gombis also addresses ongoing de-




Inroducion 10486251048627

baes on how o inerpre Paulrsquos exhoraion in Romans 10486251048627 o submi o earhly

auhoriies and wheher Paulrsquos poliical rheoric was mean o encourage

direc opposiion o he Roman EmpireGeorge Kalanzisrsquos essay swiches gears rom he Jewish conex o he New

esamen o he Roman conex o he early church Roman poliics was ini-

maely inerwined wih Roman religion and a perpeual cycle o muual ex-

change beween humans and he gods Chrisian reusal o paricipae in pagan

sacrifice hus consiued a rejecion o Romersquos whole sacred world as well as a

challenge o Roman ideniy isel Chrisian maryrdom presened an alernae

model o sacrifice in imiaion o Chris ha subvered Romersquos power preciselyhrough he embrace o nonviolen resisance Because early Chrisians did no

consider Chrisrsquos command o love onersquos enemies compaible wih violen ag-

gression hey insruced caechumens and believers in he miliary o reuse

he order o kill ohers and o leave he miliary i possible

Jana Marguerie Bennetrsquos essay marks a ransiion ino conemporary issues

presening church and amily as opics or poliical heology Tese insiuions

are generally considered ldquoprivaerdquo space in disincion rom he ldquopublicrdquo sphere

o he naion-sae hough i is ofen recognized ha well-uncioning amilies

conribue o he public good Despie heir superficial poliical differences

conservaives and liberals boh presume his disincion beween privae and

public along wih he cenraliy o he individual and his or her righs Bennet

challenges his Enlighenmen perspecive by suggesing ways he new creaion

inauguraed by Chris reconfigures individual amily and sae as well as he

disincion beween privae and public Te esablishmen o he church chal-

lenges especially he significance o amily and sae hough he New es-

amen auhors do no enirely work ou he implicaions

William Cavanaughrsquos essay considers a nex level o sociey ha o cor-

poraions Cavanaugh akes his cue rom he 1048626104862410486251048624 decision o he Unied

Saes Supreme Cour in Ciizens Unied v Federal Elecion Commission o gran

corporaions he same legal saus as people While Cavanaugh agrees wih

he dissen ha his was a disasrous decision he disagrees wih he reason

Boh classical and Chrisian radiions have sressed he individualrsquos ideniyas par o a corporae body In moderniy as poliical communiies have come

o be described by social conrac heory he body has become an image in-

sead or he business corporaion Te marke economy has in urn become




1048625 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155

a model or liberal democracy where elecions represen individual pre-

erence raher han susained atenion o he common good Los in his dy-

namic is a concern or social solidariy and equaliy precisely he concerns hechurch mus address Wha Ciizens Unied go wrong was hus he emphasis

on business corporaions and no he idea o corporae personhood isel

Te nex wo essays consider poliics a he level o he naion-sae boh

ocusing on he quesion o violence Peer J Leihar assers he Biblersquos ab-

solue opposiion o violence defined as ldquounjus and sinul use o orcerdquo A

survey o he Old and New esamens reveals ha Godrsquos desrucion o his

enemies does no consiue violence while violence can encompass a widerange o social sins no limied o physical harm Godrsquos ldquowar agains violencerdquo

reveals his reusal o overlook evil and serves as a paradigm or human

judgmen Conemporary heoriss have valorized violence as an energizing

and creaive orce and as he necessary precondiion or he saersquos power Te

church by conras is a communiy o peace ha absorbs violence in imi-

aion o Chris Leihar ends his essay by noing he ailure o he churchrsquos

winess in is uncriical suppor or he miliary-indusrial complex

Daniel M Bell Jr considers he quesion o jus war which he presens in

wo radically differen orms jus war as Chrisian discipleship and jus war

as public policy checklis Te later primarily concerns naion-saes and iner-

naional law he ormer concerns he church and he ormaion o virues

Bell brings his conras o relie by considering he classic crieria o he jus

war radiion legiimae auhoriy jus cause righ inenion las resor rea-

sonable chance o success discriminaion and proporionaliy Should he

jusice o a paricular conflic be deermined primarily by heads o saes or

by heads o sae under he oversigh o he church wih individual soldiers

given he righ o exercise selecive conscienious objecion Does propor-

ionaliy permi overwhelming miliary orce or only he minimum necessary

o advance a jus and highly resriced goal Bell hen provides a series o re-

flecions on he way worship shapes Chrisians in he virues necessary o

conduc war jusly

Tese quesions abou violence naurally lead ino he nex essay Jennier MMcBridersquos reamen o repenance as poliical winess McBride highlighs

he polarizaion o boh sociey and churches on poliical conroversies

noing he conaminaing effec o riumphalism in shuting down producive





conversaion She hus proposes a non-riumphalis winess ha beter pro-

moes he common good in imiaion o he crucified Chris McBride draws

paricularly on he example o he Eleuhero Communiy an evangelical con-gregaion commited o ecological care ha displays he value o conession

and repenance in working wih oher organizaions Te heological oun-

daion or such a winess is Chrisology especially Bonhoefferrsquos emphasis on

Chrisrsquos solidariy wih sinners While Chris was indeed sinless his as-

sumpion o human sin permis his public work o be undersood as an ac o

repenance By imiaing Godrsquos presence in public lie he church may also

paricipae in Chrisrsquos redempive workmdashno by presening isel as morallysuperior o oher communiies a empaion or Chrisians across he poliical

specrum bu by acknowledging is own compliciy in sin and hus direcing

ohers o God

Te final wo essays may be aken as a charge o acion David P Gushee

noes he absence in evangelicalism o a social eaching radiion which one

migh find in Roman Caholicism or mainline Proesanism His own work

has atemped o address his lacuna wih a ldquosocial ehics o cosly pracical

solidariy wih he oppressedrdquo Gushee presens his reflecions on en conem-

porary issues ha end o atrac much conroversy aborion creaion care

he deah penaly economic jusice gay righs gun conrol immigraion

orure US war making and womenrsquos righs For some o hese issues he

proper approach involves some measure o balance Chrisians should

promoe he sanciy o lie bu hey mus also oser environmens where

children can be welcomed and women wih crisis pregnancies will find com-

muniy and financial suppor On oher issues Gushee presens a more pro-

pheic voice here is no moral legiimaion or Americarsquos pos-104863310486251048625 use o

orure on suspeced erroriss and evangelicals should rankly be ashamed o

hemselves or supporing orure more han people o oher aihs or o no

aih do

Archbishop David Giari considers he implicaions o Jesusrsquo eaching in

John 1048625852023 ha Chrisians are in he world bu no o i Drawing on he 10486251048633852023852022

Bossey Saemen on church atiudes oward poliical powers he 104862510486338520231048628 Lau-sanne Covenan edied by John Sot and his own experiences in Kenya

Giari argues ha Chrisian engagemen wih he world should involve social-

poliical acion and no jus evangelism Tis posiion draws heological




1048625852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155

suppor rom he docrines o creaion humaniy and he incarnaion as well

as reflecion on he kingdom o God and he minisry o he prophes As an

Anglican bishop in Kenya Giari publicly challenged auhoriies or he assas-sinaion o powerul poliicians and or rigging elecions Tis winess almos

cos him his lie in 1048625104863310486321048633 when hugs raided his home o murder him and his

amily an inciden ha has sill no received proper resoluion Giari would

advise Chrisian leaders agains ideniying oo closely wih any one poliician

or poliical pary bu would suppor laypeople joining poliical lie or he

purpose o Chrisian winess Sill he warns Chrisian social-poliical acion

goes beyond humaniarian effors o challenge he powers ha be and his will naurally invie resisance Chrisians mus conron and no simply avoid

Tis volume has been made possible because o he longsanding parnership

beween Wheaon Collegersquos Deparmen o Biblical and Teological Sudies

and InerVarsiy Press Te 1048626104862410486251048627 Wheaon Teology Conerence was also

sponsored by Te Wheaon Cener or Early Chrisian Sudies whose missiono promoe hisorical and heological engagemen wih he early churchrsquos

winess complemened he vision or his yearrsquos conerence paricularly well

Te ediors are graeul o Bob Fryling Gary Deddo and he whole IVP eam

or heir unflagging suppor o he conerence David Congdon deserves

special recogniion or bringing his volume o compleion Jeffrey Greenman

Wheaonrsquos ougoing associae dean o biblical and heological sudies pro-

vided leadership and encouragemen a every phase o his projec KrisinaUnzicker was he adminisraive guru who made he conerence possible

Jillian Marcanonio played a criical role in he las sages o ediing and

Shalon Park labored over he indices Archbishop Giari passed away beore

his volume could come o ruiion We are honored o include his call o so-

ciopoliical involvemen as final remarks rom a lie well lived We dedicae

his volume o he counless sudens o Wheaon College who engage in he

very poliical ac o bearing winess o he Lord Jesus Chris in all hey do




852017

CHURCH MATTERS

Stanley Hauerwas

T983144983141 T983144983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 ldquoA983150983140rdquo

I am a Chrisian983089 I am even a Chrisian heologian I observe in my memoir

Hannahrsquos Child ha you do no need o be a heologian o be a Chrisian bu

I probably did Being a Chrisian has no and does no come naurally or easy

or me I ake ha o be a good hing because I am sure ha o be a Chrisian

requires raining ha lass a lieime I am more han ready o acknowledgeha some may find being a Chrisian comes more ldquonaurallyrdquo bu ha can

presen is own difficulies Jus as an ahlee wih naural gifs may ail o de-

velop he undamenal skills necessary o play heir spor afer heir alen

ades so people naurally disposed o aih may ail o develop he skills nec-

essary o susain hem or a lieime

By raining I mean somehing very basic such as acquiring habis o speech

necessary or prayer Te acquisiion o such habis is crucial or he ormaiono our bodies i we are o acquire he virues necessary o live lie as Chrisians

For I ake i o be crucial ha Chrisians mus live in such a manner ha our

lives are uninelligible i he God we worship in Jesus Chris does no exis

Te raining enailed in being a Chrisian can be called i you are so disposed

culure Ta is paricularly he case i as Raymond Williams reminds us in

Keywords culure is a erm firs used as a process noun o describe he ending

or culivaion o a crop or animal983090 One o he challenges Chrisians conron

1Tis chaper is in honor o San Grenz who rom an evangelical perspecive helped us o see why hechurch maters

2Raymond Williams Keywords A Vocabulary o Culure and Sociey (New York Oxord Universiy Press983089983097983095983094) pp 983095983095-983095983096




10486251048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155

is how he poliics we helped creae has made i difficul o susain he maerial

pracices consiuive o an ecclesial culure necessary o produce Chrisians

he characer o much o modern heology exempliies his devel-opmen In he aemp o make Chrisianiy inelligible wihin he epis-

emological conceis o moderniy heologians have been inen on

showing ha wha we believe as Chrisians is no ha dieren han wha

hose who are no Chrisians believe hus MacInyrersquos wry observaion

ha he projec o modern heology o disinguish he kernel o he

Chrisian aih rom he oumoded husk has resuled in oering aheiss

less and less in which o disbelieve983091

I should no be surprising as David Yeago argues ha many secular

people now assume ha descripions o realiy Chrisians employ are a sor o

varnish ha can be scraped away o reveal a more basic accoun o wha has

always been he case From a secular poin o view i is assumed ha we agree

or should agree on undamenal nauralisic and secular descripions o realiy

whaever religious elaboraions may lay over hem Wha I find so ineresing

is ha many Chrisians accep hese nauralisic assumpions abou he way

hings are because hey believe by doing so i is possible o ranscend our di-

verse pariculariies ha oherwise resul in unwelcome conflic From such a

perspecive i is only a shor sep o he key sociopoliical move crucial o he

ormaion o modern socieies ha is he relegaion o religion o he sphere

o privae inwardness and individual moivaion983092

Socieies ha have relegaed srong convicions o he privaemdasha devel-

opmen I hink appropriaely idenified as ldquosecularizaionrdquomdashmay assume a

oleran or inoleran atiude oward he church bu he crucial characerisic

o such socieies is ha he church is undersood o be no more han a vol-

unary associaion o like-minded individuals983093 Even hose who ideniy as

ldquoreligiousrdquo assume heir religious convicions should be submited o a public

3 Alasdair MacInyreTe Religious Significance o Aheism (New York Columbia Universiy Press 983089983097983094983094) p 9830909830924David Yeago ldquoMessiahrsquos People Te Culure o he Church in he Mids o he Naionsrdquo in Pro Ecclesia VI983089 pp 983089983092983095-9830929830965I have no inenion o ener ino he never-ending debaes abou secularizaion and he correspondingdiscussions concerning he demise o religion Suffice i o say I am in general sympaheic wih DavidMarinrsquos conenion ha secularizaion is bes undersood in erms o social differeniaion correlaive ohe division o labor wih he resul ha discree secors o social lie are assumed auonomous See DavidMarin Te Fuure o Chrisianiy Reflecions on Violence and Democracy Religion and Secularizaion (Sur-rey Ashgae 983090983088983089983089) p 983089983090983092




Church Maers 10486251048633

order governed by a secular raionaliy I hope o challenge ha assumpion

by calling ino quesion he concepual resources ha now seem o be givens

or how he church is undersood In paricular I hope o convince Chrisiansha he church is a maerial realiy ha mus resis he domesicaion o our

aih in he ineres o socieal peace

Tere is a grea deal going agains such a projec For example in his book

Civil Religion A Dialogue in he Hisory o Poliical Philosophy Ronald Beiner

argues ha in moderniy he atemp o domesicae srong religious convic-

ions in he ineres o sae conrol has assumed wo primary and aniheical

alernaives civil religion or liberalism Civil religion is he atemp o em-power religion no or he good o religion bu or he creaion o he ciizen

Indeed he very creaion o ldquoreligionrdquo as a concep more undamenal han a

deerminaive radiion is a maniesaion ha a leas in Wesern socieies

Chrisianiy has become ldquocivilrdquo983094 Rousseau according o Beiner is he decisive

figure who gave expression o his ransormaion because Rousseau saw

clearly ha he modern sae could no risk having a church capable o chal-

lenging is poliical auhoriy983095 In he process he poliical conceps used o

legiimize he modern sae a leas i Carl Schmit is righ have been secu-

larized heological conceps983096

In conras o civil religion he liberal alernaive rejecs all atemps o use

religion o produce ciizens in service o he sae Liberalism in is many ver-

sions according o Beiner seeks o domesicae or neuralize he effec o re-

ligious commimen on poliical lie983097 Liberalism may well resul in he pro-

ducion o a banal and flatened accoun o human exisence bu such a orm

o lie seems necessary i we are o be a peace wih one anoher In oher

words liberalism as a way o lie depends on he creaion o people who hink

here is nohing or which irsquos worh dying Such a way o lie was exemplified

by Presiden Bushrsquos suggesion ha he duy o Americans afer Sepember 10486251048625

1048626104862410486241048625 was o go shopping Such a view o he world evoked Niezschersquos biter

6Bill Cavanaugh provides an invaluable accoun o how he creaion o ldquoreligionrdquo was a correlaive o he

modern sae See his Te Myh o Religious Violence (New York Oxord Universiy Press 983090983088983088983097) pp 983094983088-9830959830897Ronald Beiner Civil Religion A Dialogue in he Hisory o Poliical Philosophy (Cambridge Cambridge

Universiy Press 983090983088983089983089) pp 983089-9830958Carl Schmit Poliical Teology Four Chapers on he Concep o Sovereigny (Chicago Universiy o Chi-

cago Press 983090983088983088983093) pp 983093 9830919830939Beiner Civil Religion pp 983091983088983089-983093




1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155

condemnaion ironically making Niezsche an ally o a Chrisianiy deer-

mined by maryrdom983089983088

An exraordinary claim o be sure bu as Paul Kahn has observed he Wesern sae exiss ldquounder he very real hrea o Chrisian maryrdom a

hrea o expose he sae and is claim o power as nohing a allrdquo983089983089 Te maryr

does so according o Kahn because when everyhing is said and done sac-

rifice is always sronger han murder Te maryr wields a power ha deeas

he murderer because he maryr can be remembered by a communiy more

enduring han he sae Ta is why he liberal sae has such a sake in he

domesicaion o Chrisianiy by making i bu anoher liesyle choiceIn conras he modern naion-sae Kahn argues has been an exremely

effecive sacrificial agen able o mobilize is populaions o make sacrifices o

susain is exisence as an end in isel Te naion-sae hereore has sepped

ino he place o religious belie offering he individual he possibiliy o ran-

scending onersquos finiude War becomes he ac o sacrifice by which he sae

susains he assumpion ha hough we die i can and will coninue o exis

wihou end983089983090

I have earned he descripion o being ldquofideisic secarian ribalisrdquo be-

cause o my atemp o imagine an ecclesial alernaive capable o resising he

poliics Beiner and Kahn describe983089983091 For as Yeago observes mos churches in

he Wes wih he possible excepion o he Roman Caholics have acqui-

esced in his undersanding o heir social characer and have hereore col-

laboraed in he eclipse o heir ecclesial realiy983089983092 As a resul he church seems

10

Ibid pp 983091983095983092-98309798309211Paul Kahn Puting Liberalism in Is Place (Princeon Princeon Universiy Press 983090983088983088983093) p 98309698309012Ibid pp 983090983095983094-983095983095 I am indebed o Sean Larsen or suggesing he imporance o Kahnrsquos undersanding o

liberalism or he argumen I am making in his chaper13Kahn argues ha here is a liberalism o he will ha can and does demand sacrifice Liberalism o ineres

and reason however canno acknowledge he sacrifices required by he sae Te resul is wha Kahncalls he ldquoparadox o democraic sel-governmenrdquo ha is ldquohe more he naion believes isel o be aproduc o he will o he popular sovereign he less democraic i becomesmdashi by democraic we meansubjec o conrol hrough broadly paricipaory elecoral mechanismsrdquo Kahn suggess his is he modernorm o Rousseaursquos disincion beween he general will and he will o all Puting Liberalism in Is Place p 983089983094983089

14For an exremely inormaive comparison o he Caholic and Proesan responses o secularizaion seeMarin Te Fuure o Chrisianiy pp 983090983093-983092983092 Emile Perreau-Saussinersquos Caholicism and Democracy An

Essay in he Hisory o Poliical Tough (Princeon Princeon Universiy Press 983090983088983089983089) is a ascinaing ac-coun o how he rise o he poliical imporance o he papacy afer he French Revoluion was a oncehe maniesaion as well as he resul o he Caholic agreemen wih he liberal presumpion ha hereis ldquosomehing irreducibly secular abou he modern saerdquo p 983090




Church Maers 1048626 1048625

caugh in a ldquoceaseless crisis o legiimaionrdquo in which he church mus find a

jusificaion or is exisence in erms o he projecs and aspiraions o ha

larger order983089983093

In his exraordinary book Aheis Delusions Te Chrisian Revoluion and Is

Fashionable Enemies David Benley Har observes ha he relegaion o

Chrisian belies o he privae sphere is legiimaed by a sory o human

reedom in which humankind is liberaed rom he crushing weigh o ra-

diion and docrine Har whose prose begs or exensive quoaion says he

sory goes like his

Once upon a ime Wesern humaniy was he cosseed and incurious ward oMoher Church during his he age o aih culure sagnaed science lan-

guished wars o religion were rouinely waged wiches were burned by in-

quisiors and Wesern humaniy labored in bruish subjugaion o dogma

supersiion and he unholy alliance o church and sae Wihering blass o

anaicism and fideism had long since scorched away he las remnans o clas-

sical learning inquiry was sifled he lierary remains o classical aniquiy had

long ago been consigned o he fires o aih and even he grea achievemens

o ldquoGreek sciencerdquo were orgoten unil Islamic civilizaion resored hem o he

Wes All was darkness Ten in he wake o he ldquowars o religionrdquo ha had orn

Chrisendom apar came he ull flowering o he Enlighenmen and wih i

he reign o reason and progress he riches o scienific achievemen and po-

liical libery and a new and revoluionary sense o human digniy Te secular

naion-sae arose reduced religion o an esablishmen o he sae and

hereby rescued Wesern humaniy rom he blood-seeped inolerance o re-

ligion Now a las Wesern humaniy has lef is nonage and atained is ma- joriy in science poliics and ehics Te sory o he ravails o Galileo almos

invariably occupies an honored place in his narraive as exemplary o he

naural relaion beween ldquoaihrdquo and ldquoreasonrdquo and as an exquisie epiome o

scienific reasonrsquos mighy sruggle during he early modern period o ree isel

rom he yranny o religion983089983094

Tis ldquosimple and enchaning alerdquo is Har observes capivaing in is ex-

planaory power According o Har however here is jus one problem wih

his sory Te problem is ha every deail o he sory as well as he over-

15 Yeago ldquoMessiahrsquos Peoplerdquo pp 983089983092983096-98309298309716David Benley Har Aheis Delusions Te Chrisian Revoluion and Is Fashionable Enemies (New

Haven Yale Universiy Press 983090983088983088983097) pp 983091983091-983091983092




1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155

arching plo jus happens o be alse983089983095 Harrsquos book provides he argumens

and evidence o susain ha judgmen Wha I find so ineresing however is

ha even i he narraive may be alse in every deail i is noneheless rue ha believer and unbeliever alike assume hough hey may disagree abou some

o he deails ha he main plo o he sory is rue

Ta his sory now has canonical saus has deep significance or how

Chrisians should undersand he relaion beween aih and poliics Pu even

more srongly in he ineres o being good ciizens o being civil Chrisians

have los he abiliy o say why wha hey believe is rue Ta loss is I wan o

sugges a correlaive o he depoliizaion o he church as a communiy ca-pable o challenging he imperial preenions o he modern sae Ta he

church maters is why I resis using he language o ldquobelierdquo o indicae wha

allegedly makes Chrisians Chrisian983089983096 O course Chrisians ldquobelieve in Godrdquo

bu ar more imporan or deermining he characer o Chrisian exisence

is ha i is consiued by a poliics ha canno avoid challenging wha is nor-

mally idenified as ldquohe poliicalrdquo For wha is normally idenified as he po-

liical produces dualisms ha invie quesions such as ldquoWha is he relaion

beween aih and poliicsrdquo I I am righ ha ldquoandrdquo premaurely ends any

serious heological reflecion rom a Chrisian perspecive

As I have already indicaed o make his argumen necessarily pus me a

odds wih he atemp o make Chrisian convicions compaible wih he

episemological and moral presumpions o liberal social orders Ta projec

presumed a sory very much along he lines suggesed by Har Teologians

rimmed he sails o Chrisian convicions o show ha even i he mea-

physical commimens ha seem inrinsic o Chrisian pracice canno be

inellecually susained i remains he case ha Chrisianiy can claim some

credi or he creaion o he culure and poliics o moderniy

In paricular Chrisian heologians sough o jusiy Chrisian paricipaion

17Ibid p 98309198309218In his magiserial book Te Uninended Reormaion How a Religious Revoluion Secularized Sociey (Cam-

bridge Harvard Universiy Press 983090983088983089983090) Brad Gregory observes ha he Reormaion placed an unprece-

dened emphasis on docrine or ideniying wha made Chrisians Chrisian Such an emphasis ledProesan and Caholic alike o emphasize he imporance o an ldquoinerior assen o he proposiionalconen o docrinal ruh claims whaever hey wererdquo Gregory observes his developmen ldquorisked mak-ing Chrisianiy seem more a mater o wha one believed han how one livedmdasho making he aih acrypo-Caresian mater o onersquos soul and mind raher han a mater o wha one does wih onersquos bodyrdquop 983089983093983093





in he poliics o democraic socieies Te field o Chrisian ehics he disci-

pline wih which I am idenified had as one o is primary agendas o convince

Chrisians ha heir belies had poliical implicaions Te deerminaive rep-resenaive who exemplified his mode o Chrisian ehical reflecion was

Reinhold Niebuhr Tus his claim ha ldquohe real problem o a Chrisian social

ehic is o derive rom he Gospel a clear view o he realiies wih which we

mus deal in our common or social lie and also o preserve a sense o respon-

sibiliy or achieving he highes measure o order reedom and jusice despie

he hazards o manrsquos collecive lierdquo983089983097 Niebuhr reminded Chrisians ha we

do no live in a world in which sin can be eliminaed bu we noneheless musseek o esablish he enaive harmonies and provisional equiies possible in

any hisorical siuaion

Niebuhr who prided himsel or being a sober realis challenging wha he

ook o be he unounded opimism o liberal hinkers such as John Dewey

would have in like manner called ino quesion he opimism o he sory Har

associaes wih he celebraion i no he legiimizaion o moderniy Bu

Niebuhrrsquos suppor o liberal democraic poliical arrangemens drew on a nar-

raive very much like he one Har idenifies as he sory o moderniy983090983088 Te

resul is ironic a caegory Niebuhr loved because Niebuhrrsquos argumens or

he poliical engagemen by Chrisians presupposed a narraive ha legii-

maes poliical arrangemen ha requires he privaizaion o Chrisian con-

vicions One o he consequences is he loss o any atemp o say wha i

migh mean or he gospel o Jesus Chris o be rue

For insance one o he curiosiies associaed wih wha have been popu-

larly called ldquohe new aheissrdquo is heir assumpion ha he mos decisive chal-

lenges o he ruhulness o Chrisian convicions come rom developmens

in he sciences or perhaps more accuraely pu he ldquomehodrdquo o science Such

a view ails o appreciae ha he mos decisive challenge o he ruhulness

o Chrisian convicions is poliical983090983089 Te poliics o moderniy has so suc-

19Reinhold Niebuhr Reinhold Niebuhr on Poliics ed Harry Davis and Rober Good (New York Scribnerrsquos983089983097983094983088) p 983089983093983091

20For a uller deense o his accoun o Niebuhr see my Wilderness Wanderings Probing wenieh-CenuryTeology and Philosophy (Boulder Wesview Press 983089983097983097983095) pp 983091983090-983094983090 and Wih he Grain o he UniverseTe Churchrsquos Winess and Naural Teology (Grand Rapids Brazos Press 983090983088983088983089) pp 983096983095-983089983092983088

21David Marin nicely shows ha he assumpion ha science makes heological claims uninelligible issimply no susainable See his Te Fuure o Chrisianiy pp 983089983089983097-983091983089 Brad Gregory observes ha ldquoem-pirical invesigaion o he naural world has no alsified any heological claimsrdquo Much more roubling




1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155

cessully made Chrisianiy bu anoher liesyle opion i is a mysery why

he new aheiss hink i is imporan o show wha Chrisians believe o be

alse Such a projec hardly seems necessary given ha Chrisians in he nameo being good democraic ciizens live lives o unacknowledged bu desperae

unbelie jus o he exen ha hey believe wha hey believe as a Chrisian

canno be a mater o ruh As a resul Chrisians no longer believe ha he

church is an alernaive poliics o he poliics o he world which means hey

have los any way o accoun or why Chrisians in he pas hough hey had

a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144

I need an example o wha he connecion beween he ruhulness o

Chrisian speech and poliics migh look like An example is necessary be-

cause I am no sure we know how Chrisianiy so undersood would look I

hink however we have he beginnings in he work o Karl Barh Barh more

han any heologian in moderniy recognized ha he recovery o he lan-

guage o he aih enailed a poliics a odds wih he world as we know i For

Barh here is no kernel o he Chrisian aih because i begins and ends wih

he exraordinary claim ha wha we mean when we say ldquoGodrdquo is o be deer-

mined by Maryrsquos willingness o be impregnaed by he Holy Spiri

Ta is no where Barh began Barh began presuming he work o Pro-

esan liberal heologians was a given I was however a poliical even ha

called ino quesion Barhrsquos liberalism On a day in early Augus o 1048625104863310486251048628 Barh

read a proclamaion in suppor o he war policy o Wilhelm II signed by

niney-hree German inellecuals o Barhrsquos horror almos all his veneraed

heological eachers were among hose who had signed in suppor o he war

Barh conessed he suddenly realized ha he could no longer ollow heir he-

ology or ehics A ha momen he heology o he nineeenh cenury he

heology o Proesan liberalism came o an end or Barh983090983090

Barh characerized he heology he hough mus be lef behind a he-

ology idenified wih figures such as Schleiermacher and roelsch as he a-

or he saus o he ruhulness o Chrisian convicions according o Gregory were he unresolveddispues beween Proesans and Caholics concerning he meaning o Godrsquos acions Te UninendedReormaion p 983092983095

22Karl Barh Te Humaniy o God (Richmond VA John Knox Press983089983097983094983091) p 983089983092





emp o respond o he modern age by underwriing he assumpion ha

Chrisianiy is bu an expression o he alleged innae human capaciy or he

infinie From such a perspecive Chrisianiy is undersood o be bu oneparicular expression o religion Such a view o he Chrisian aih presumed

ha he primary ask o Chrisian heology is o assure he general accepance

o he Chrisian aih or he susaining o he achievemens o Wesern civili-

zaion Barh observed ha heology so conceived was more ineresed in

manrsquos relaionship wih God han Godrsquos dealings wih man983090983091

For Barh however a heology undersood as he realizaion in one orm or

anoher o human sel-awareness could have no ground or conen oher hanourselves ldquoFaih as he Chrisian commerce wih God could firs and las be

only he Chrisian commerce wih himselrdquo983090983092 Te figure hauning such an ac-

coun o Chrisianiy is Feuerbach whom Barh hough had powerully recon-

figured he Chrisian aih as a saemen o proound human needs and desires

Drawing on Kierkegaard Dosoevsky and Overbeck as well as his dis-

covery o wha he characerized as ldquohe srange new world o he Biblerdquo Barh

proclaimed agains he heology o his eachers ldquoGod is Godrdquo983090983093 Barh did no

hink such a claim o be redundan bu raher o be he bes expression o who

God is i is a response o he pariculariy o a God who has iniiaed an en-

couner wih humankind Barh says ldquoTe sone wall we firs ran up agains

was ha he heme o he Bible is he deiy o God more exacly Godrsquos deiymdash

Godrsquos independence and paricular characer no only in relaion o he

naural bu also o he spiriual cosmos Godrsquos absoluely unique exisence

migh and iniiaive above all in His relaion o manrdquo983090983094

So Barh challenged wha he characerized as he accommodaed heology

o Proesan liberalism using expressions such as God is ldquowholly oherrdquo who

breaks in upon us ldquoperpendicularly rom aboverdquo Tere is an ldquoinfinie quali-

aive disincionrdquo beween God and us rendering any presumpion ha we

can know God on our erms o be jus ha namely a presumpion based on

23Ibid p 983090983092 Barh noed however ha heology so undersood could be in coninuiy wih Melanchhonrsquosemphasis on he benefis o Chris So here is no reason ha an atemp should no be made o develop

a Chrisian anhropocenrism in which heology is done so o speak rom he botom up24Ibid p 98309098309425imohy Gorringe suggess ha Barh may well have seen A Midsummer Nighrsquos Dream whose ldquoWell

roared Lionrdquo he liked o use o characerize his reacion agains Proesan liberalism See Gorringe Karl Barh Agains Hegemony (Oxord Oxord Universiy Press 983089983097983097983097) p 983090983093

26Barh Humaniy o God p 983092983089




1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155

sinul pride Tus Barhrsquos sobering claim ha God is God and we are no

means ha i can never be he case ha we have he means o know God unless

God firs makes himsel known o usBarh would laer acknowledge ha his iniial reacion agains Proesan

liberal heology was exaggeraed bu any heology commited o clearing he

ground or a resh expression o he Chrisian aih could no help bu sound

exreme Barh acknowledged ha his firs salvos agains Proesan liberalism

seemed o be saying ha God is everyhing and man nohing Such a God he

God ha is wholly oher isolaed and se over agains man hreaens o

become he God o he philosophers raher han he God who called AbrahamTe majesy o he God o he philosophers migh have he conradicory re-

suls o confirming he hopelessness o all human aciviy while offering a new

jusificaion o he auonomy o man Barh waned neiher o hese resuls

In rerospec Barh however conessed he was wrong exacly where he

was righ bu a he ime he did no know how o carry hrough wih suffi-

cien care he discovery o Godrsquos deiy983090983095 For Barh he decisive breakhrough

came wih he recogniion ha ldquowho God is and wha He is in His deiy He

proves and reveals no in a vacuum as a divine being-or-Himsel bu pre-

cisely and auhenically in he ac ha he exiss speaks and acs as he

parner o man hough o course as he absolue superior parnerrdquo983090983096 In shor

Barh discovered ha i is precisely Godrsquos deiy ha includes and consiues

Godrsquos humaniy

We are no dealing wih an absrac God ha is a God whose deiy exiss

separaed rom man because in Jesus Chris here can be no isolaion o man

rom God or God rom man In Barhrsquos language ldquoGodrsquos deiy in Jesus Chris

consiss in he ac ha God Himsel in Him is he subjec who speaks and acs

wih sovereigny In Jesus Chris manrsquos reedom is wholly enclosed in he

reedom o God Wihou he condescension o God here would be no exal-

aion o man We have no universal deiy capable o being reached con-

cepually bu his concree deiymdashreal and recognizable in he descen

grounded in ha sequence and peculiar o he exisence o Jesus Chrisrdquo983090983097

I am aware ha his all-oo-brie accoun o Barhrsquos decisive heological urn

27Ibid p 98309298309228Ibid p 98309298309429Ibid p 983092983096





may seem bu a repor on esoeric mehodological issues in Chrisian he-

ology Bu I ask you o remember ha Barhrsquos discovery o he oherness o

God an oherness inrinsic o Godrsquos humaniy was occasioned by his recog-niion o he ailure o he poliics and ehics o modern heology in he ace

o he Firs World War I hink i no accidenal moreover ha Barh was

among he firs o recognize he characer o he poliics represened by Hiler

Barh was a person o unusual insigh or as imohy Gorringe describes him

he was a person o exraordinary vialiy who was a prooundly poliical ani-

mal983091983088 Bu his percepion o he hrea he Nazis represened canno be sepa-

raed rom his heological urn occasioned by his reacion agains his eachers who suppored he war

imohy Gorringe righly argues in his book Karl Barh Agains Hegemony

ha Barh never assumed his heology migh have poliical implicaions be-

cause his heology was a poliics Ta way o puting he mater ha is ldquohis

heology was a poliicsrdquo is crucial Te very srucure o Barhrsquos Dogmaics

Gorringe suggess wih is inegraion o heology and ehics displayed in his

reusal o separae law rom gospel was Barhrsquos way o reusing any disincion

beween heory and pracice Barhrsquos Chrisocenrism mean ha his ldquohe-

ology was never a predicae o his poliics bu also ha poliics is never

simply a predicae o his heologyrdquo983091983089

Gorringersquos argumen ha Barh was a poliical heologian was confirmed

in 1048625104863310486271048628 he same year Barh wroe he Barmen Declaraion by Barhrsquos re-

sponse o a challenge by some American and English criics ha his heology

was oo absrac and unrelaed o acual lives Barh begins his deense by

observing ha he is afer all ldquoa modern manrdquo who sands in he mids o his

age Like his quesioners he oo mus live a lie no merely in heory bu in

pracice in wha he characerizes as he ldquosormy presenrdquo Accordingly he ells

his anagoniss ha ldquoexacly because I was called o live in a modern world did

I reach he pah o which you have heard me speakrdquo983091983090

In paricular Barh calls atenion o his years as a pasor in which he aced

he ask o preaching he gospel in he ace o secularism During his ime he

30Gorringe Karl Barh p 98308998308931Ibid p 98309732Karl Barh God in Acion (Eugene OR Wip and Sock 983090983088983088983093) p 983089983091983091 Tis litle gem o a book conains

lecures Barh gave in response o he Nazis in 983089983097983091983092




1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155

was conroned wih he modern world bu he was also conroned wih he

modern church I was a church o grea sinceriy and zeal wih ervid de-

voion o deeds o chariy ye one oo closely relaed o he modern world I was a church ha no longer knew Godrsquos choice o love he world by wha

Chrisians have been given o do in he ligh o ha love ha is o be wi-

nesses o he reasure ha is he gospel Te problem according o Barh is

ha he church o he pious man his church o he good man his church o

he moral man became he church o man983091983091 Te resul was he usion o

Chrisianiy and naionalism983091983092

Consequenly he modern church is a near relaive o he godless modern world Ta error Barh suggess began wo hundred years beore he presen

wih Pieismrsquos objecions o orhodoxy In he Reormaion he church heard

o God and o Chris bu love was no acive983091983093 Te aal error was he

Chrisian response hey did no say ldquoLe God be even more God and Chris

be even more he Chrisrdquo bu insead hey said ldquoLe us improve maters our-

selvesrdquo Reverence or he pious man became reverence or he moral man and

finally when i was ound ha man is o so large an imporance i became less

imporan o speak o God o Chris o he Holy Spiri Insead men began

o speak o human reason983091983094

Barh hen direcly addresses his quesioners whom he idenifies as

ldquoriendsrdquo o ell hem he is well aware o wha is happening and ha is exacly

why he insiss ha he mus speak o God He mus speak o God because he

mus begin wih he conession ldquoI am rom Germanyrdquo Because he is rom

Germany he knows ha he sands in a place ha has reached he end o a road

a road ha he acknowledges may be jus beginning or social orders like

America and England Ye Barh claims he is sure ha wha has been experi-

33Te role o Pieism in he developmen o Proesan liberal heology as well as he legiimaing discourseor he subordinaion o he church o he sae is a sory in isel I is no accidenal ha Barh was hegrea enemy o Pieism David Marin suggess ha Pieism was he ulimae working ou o he implica-ions o he Proesan Reormaion or he developmen o he cenralized sovereigny necessary o le-giimae he ormaion o he naion-sae He observes ldquoGerman Pieism inculcaed disciplines hahelped ensure he smooh running o he saerdquo Te Fuure o Chrisianiy p 983089983097983097

34Barh God in Acion pp 983089983091983092-98309198309335In Te Uninended Reormaion Brad Gregory convincingly argues ldquoha he Wesern world oday is an

exraordinarily complex angled projec o rejecions reenions and ransormaions o medieval Wes-ern Chrisianiy in which he Reormaion era consiues he criical waershedrdquo p 983090 Te secularizaionha was he resul o he Reormaion was according o Gregory uninended bu no less a realiy

36Barh God in Acion p 983089983091983095




Church Maers 1048626 1048633

enced in Germany ha is he remarkable aposasy o he church o naion-

alism will also be he ae o hose who hink Barhrsquos heology o be a rerea

rom poliical engagemen Tus Barhrsquos challenge o his criics ldquoi you makea sar wih lsquoGod and rsquo you are opening he doors o every demonrdquo983091983095

Barh early recognized such a demon had been le loose in he person o

Hiler He was able o do so because Hilerrsquos atemp o make Chrisianiy a

sae religion by creaing he German Church mean he ree preaching o he

gospel was prohibied Teological speech and poliics were inseparable I is

hereore no acciden ha Barh in he Barmen Declaraion challenged he

ldquoGerman Chrisiansrdquo on chrisological grounds983091983096

Barh made his challenge because he assumed ha Jesusrsquo claim ldquoI am he way and he ruh and he lie

No one comes o he Faher excep hrough merdquo (Jn 10486251048628852022 983150983154983155983158) is he de-

fining poliics o Chrisianiy Barh wries

Jesus Chris as he is atesed or us in Holy Scripure is he one word o God

which we have o hear and which we have o rus and obey in lie and in deah

We rejec he alse docrine as hough he Church could and would have o ac-

knowledge as a source o is proclamaion apar rom and beside his one wordo God sill oher evens and powers figures and ruhs as Godrsquos revelaion983091983097

Te winess ha is Karl Barhmdashha is how such a lie fis ino he ongoing

sory we mus ell as Chrisians o our aihul and unaihul living ou o he

gospelmdashmeans here is no way we can avoid making clear o ourselves and

he world ha we believe a new world began in he belly o Mary

W983144983141983154983141 A983154983141 W983141 N983151983159 W983144983141983154983141 D983151 W983141 N983141983141983140 983156983151 G983151 You may be righly wondering i no worried where all his has goten us I

should like o be able o say more abou where we are now and where we need

o go bu I am unsure who he ldquowerdquo or he ldquousrdquo may be I have assumed I

shouldmdashor perhaps more ruhully I can onlymdashspeak rom a firs-person

perspecive bu hopeully i is one shaped by my Chrisian ideniy Ye jus

37Ibid p 98308998309198309638Te Barmen Declaraion was he saemen o proes by he Conessing Church ha is he church in

opposiion o Hilerrsquos ormaion o he German Chrisian Church Te synod me in Barmen on Janu-ary 983092 983089983097983091983092 Tough he Barmen Declaraion was a join effor o several heologians Barh was heprimary auhor

39I am quoing rom Arhur Cochrane Te Churchrsquos Conession Under Hiler (Philadelphia WesminserPress 983089983097983094983090) pp 983089983095983090-983095983096




10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155

as Barh conessed ha he was German so I mus acknowledge ha I am

American Indeed i may be I am more American han Chrisian and hus

emped o conuse he Chrisian ldquowerdquo and he American ldquowerdquo Ta conusionemps Americans o assume we represen wha any righ-hinking person

should say because our ldquowerdquo is he universal ldquowerdquo

American presumpion is always a problem bu he problem is deeper han

my American ideniy For I hink none o us can assume an agreed upon ldquowerdquo

or ldquousrdquo o be a maniesaion o he culural and poliical challenges ha are

he subjec o his conerence Given he difficuly o locaing he ldquowerdquo some

may worry ha direcing atenion o Barh in order o show he poliical char-acer o Chrisian convicions is morally and poliically he exemplificaion o

a prooundly reacionary posiion In Nazi Germany a Barmen Declaraion

may have seemed propheic bu afer Hiler a Barmen-like accoun o he

poliics o Chrisian convicions suggess heocracy983092983088

I coness I ofen enjoy making liberal riends paricularly American liberal

riends nervous by acknowledging ha I am o course a heocra ldquoJesus is

Lordrdquo is no my personal opinion I ake i o be a deerminaive poliical claim

So I am ready o rule Te difficuly is ha ollowing a crucified Lord enails

embodying a poliic ha canno resor o coercion and violence i is a poliic

o persuasion all he way down I is iring business slow and ime consuming

bu hen we ha is Chrisians believe ha by redeeming ime Chris has

given us all he ime we need o pursue peace Chris hrough he Holy Spiri

besows on his disciples he long-suffering paience necessary o resis any

poliic whose impaience makes coercion and violence he only and ineviable

response o conflic

For fifeen hundred years Chrisians hough Jesusrsquo lordship mean hey

should rule he world Ta rule assumed diverse orms some beneficial and

some quie desrucive Consaninianism or Chrisendom are descripions o

he various ways ha Chrisians sough o deermine he culural and po-

liical lie o he worlds in which hey ound hemselves Some Chrisians

look wih nosalgia on ha pas seeking ways o recapure Chrisian domi-

40During a visi o he Holocaus Museum in Washingon DC my wie and I encounered school children wearing shirs emblazoned wih he slogan ldquoCelebrae Diversiyrdquo Tere is much good no doub in rain-ing he young o enjoy difference bu I worry or hose who hink he celebraion o diversiy an adequaeresponse o a movemen like Naional Socialism




Church Maers 1048627 1048625

nance o he world Ta is obviously no my perspecive

For as David Har observes Chrisianiyrsquos greaes hisorical riumph was

also is mos calamious deea Te conversion o he Roman Empire in which i was hough ha he aih overhrew he powers o ldquohis agerdquo ound

ha he aih isel had become subordinae o hose very powers Like Har I

have no reason o deny he many achievemens o Chrisendom I hink he is

righ o sugges ha he church was a revoluion a slow and persisen revo-

luion a cosmic sediion in which he human person was ldquoinvesed wih an

inrinsic and inviolable digniyrdquo by being recognized as Godrsquos own983092983089 Bu his

revoluion exacly because i was so radical was absorbed and subdued by asociey in which nominal bapism became he expression o a church ha was

reduced o an insrumen o emporal power and he gospel was made capive

o he mechanism o he sae983092983090

In Te Sillborn God Religion Poliics and he Modern Wes Mark Lilla has

writen in deense o wha he calls ldquohe grea separaionrdquo o poliics and religion

represened by Tomas Hobbes He observes ha hough Chrisianiy is ines-

capably poliical i has proved incapable o inegraing his ac ino Chrisian

heology983092983091 Te problem according o Lilla is ha o be a Chrisian means

being in he world including he poliical world bu somehow no being o i

Such a way o being Lilla argues canno help bu produce a alse consciousness

Chrisendom is he insiuionalizaion o his consciousness jus o he exen

he church hough reconciliaion could be expressed poliically983092983092 Poliics so

consiued canno help bu suffer rom permanen insabiliy

Lilla I hink is righ ha he eschaological characer o he Chrisian aih

will challenge he poliics o he worlds in which i finds isel Bu ha is why

even a imes when he church ails o be rue o is calling o be a poliical

alernaive God raises up a Karl Barh For as Barh insised his really is all

41Har Aheis Delusions p 98308998309498309542Ibid p 983089983097983092 I is rue noneheless as Brad Gregory argues in Te Uninended Reormaion ha he church

was never coexensive wih or absorbed by any secular poliical eniy A housand years afer Consaninerom he papacy o he parishes ino which Chrisendom was parceled he church remained disinc rom

secular poliical eniies such as medieval kingdoms principaliies duchies and ciies and ciy saes pp983089983091983094-983091983095 One o he grea virues o Gregoryrsquos book is his reamen o he ofen-ignored Anabapiss Herighly undersands he Anabapis alernaive o represen a poliical alernaive o he magiserial Re-ormers jus o he exen he later led o he increasing conrol o he church by he sae

43Mark Lilla Te Sillborn God Religion Poliics and he Modern Wes (New York Knop 983090983088983088983095) p 98309698309344Ibid p 983089983094983097




1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155

abou God he paricular God o Jesus Chris Te humaniy o ha God

Chrisians believe has made i possible or a people o exis who do in ac as

Niezsche suggesed exempliy a slave moraliy I is a moraliy Har describesas a ldquosrange impracical alogeher unworldly endernessrdquomdashexpressed in he

abiliy o see as our sisers and brohers he auisic or Down syndrome or

disabled child a child who is a perpeual perplexiy or he world a child who

can cause pain and only fleeingly charm or deligh or he derelic or broken

man or woman who has wased heir lie or he homeless he diseased he

menally ill criminals and reprobaes983092983093

Such a moraliy is he mater ha is he church I is he mater ha madeeven a church in Chrisendom uneasy From he churchrsquos sandpoin oday

Chrisendom may be a lamenable world now los bu i is no clear wha will

replace i or shape he resuling culure or poliics Har observes ha when

Chrisianiy passes rom a culure he resuling remainder may be worse han

i Chrisianiy had never exised Chrisians ook he gods away and no one

will ever believe in hem again Chrisians demysified he world robbing

good pagans o heir reverence and hard-won wisdom derived rom he sudy

o human and nonhuman naure So once again Niezsche was righ ha he

Chrisians shaped a world ha mean ha hose who would come afer Chris-

ianiy could no avoid nihilism983092983094

Why his is he case is perhaps bes exemplified by how ime is undersood

Chrisians drawing as hey mus on Godrsquos calling o Israel o be he promised

people canno help bu believe ha ime has a plo ha is o say Chrisians

believe in hisory A srange phrase o be sure bu one o remind us o how

exraordinary i is or Chrisians o believe we come rom a pas ha will find

is ulfillmen in he uure Accordingly we believe ha ime has a narraive

logic which means ime is no jus one damn hing afer anoher Te sory o

creaion is mean o remind us ha all ha exiss lends winess o he glory o

God giving hisory a significance oherwise unavailable Creaion redempion

reconciliaion are names Chrisians believe consiue he basic ploline ha

makes hisory more han a ale old by an idio983092983095

Ye he very assumpion ha hisory has a direcion is he necessary con-

45Har Aheis Delusions pp 983090983089983091-98308998309246Ibid pp 983090983090983097-98309198308847Ibid pp 983090983088983089-983090





diion ha underwries he sory o moderniy earlier characerized by Har

Tis sory has underwriten he new aheissrsquo presumpion ha i hisory is

finally rid o Chrisianiy we will discover hrough unconsrained reason howour poliics can be made more jus and humane Tus Har speculaes ha he

violence done in he name o humaniy a violence ha is now unconsrained

migh never have been unleashed i Chrisianiy had no inroduced is ldquope-

culiar varian o apocalypic yearning ino Wesern culurerdquo983092983096 Har righly

observes ha such a judgmen is purely speculaive given he realiy ha grea

empires prior o Chrisianiy claimed divine warrans or murder Ye Har

hinks ha he secularizaion o Chrisian eschaological grammar is he ldquochiecause o he modern saersquos curious alen or mass murderrdquo983092983097 An exaggeraed

claim perhaps bu i is a leas a reminder ha i is by no means clear why he

killing called war is disinguishable rom mass murder983093983088

Tis las observaion I hope draws us back o Karl Barhrsquos heological work

I suggesed Barh exemplifies he poliics o speech ha is a he hear o

Chrisian convicions A he hear o Chrisian convicions is he belie in

ldquohe humaniy o Godrdquo a humaniy made unavoidable by our aih in Jesus

Chris as he second person o he riniy Chrisrsquos humaniy means no ac-

coun o he church is possible ha does no require maerial expression ha

is righly undersood as a poliic Church maters mater no only or he

church bu we believe wha is a necessiy or he church is a possibiliy or all

ha is no he church

I suspec humans always live in imes o ransiion wha is ime i no ran-

siion Bu I believe we are living in a ime when Chrisendom is acually

48Ibid pp 983090983090983090-98309098309149Ibid pp 983090983090983091-98309098309250In a recen blog pos Noah Berlasky deends my argumens or pacifism agains Eric Cohenrsquos criique o

my book War and he American Difference ha appeared in he conservaive magazine Firs Tings Cohendescribed my views as ldquoa orm o eschaological madnessrdquomdasha descripion ha Berlasky quie righlysuggess I would happily accep Berlasky suggess ha Cohen missed my argumen ha war producesis own logic and moraliy In ac according o Berlasky Cohenrsquos deense o war as a heroic sory exem-plifies he view o war I was criicizing when war becomes a ldquoheroic soryrdquo i becomes idolary Berlaskyobserves ha hough I would like o ge rid o war wha I really wan o ge rid o is a church o war Wha

Cohen missed is ha my argumen is aimed a Chrisians Berlasky hen makes wha was or me hesurprising claim ha he finds his o be a relie or someone like him because he is an aheis so he cancheerully coninue o suppor Caesar Ye he observes here is a bi o discomor because i Chrisians

began o ake up nonviolencemdashhe haes o have o say imdashldquoi would be hard o escape he suspicion haha migh acually be he work o Godrdquo Berlasky ldquoBend Your Kneerdquo Te Hooded Uiliarian (blog) April983089983096 983090983088983089983090 htphoodeduiliariancom983090983088983089983090983088983092bend-your-knee




1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155

coming o an end Ta is an exraordinary ransiion whose significance or

Chrisian and non-Chrisian has ye o be undersood Bu in he very leas i

means he church is finally ree o be a poliic I I may summarize wha I akeo be one appropriae response o his observaion i is quie simply his le

Chrisians make he mos o i





CHRISTIAN

POLITICAL

WITNESS


amp Gregory W Lee




InerVarsiy Press

















ISBN 983097983095983096-983088-983096983091983088983096-983092983088983093983089-983097 (prin)

ISBN 983097983095983096-983088-983096983091983088983096-983097983094983090983088-983090 (digial)





P 983090983093 983090983092 983090983091 983090983090 983090983089 983090983088 983089983097 983089983096 983089983095 983089983094 983089983093 983089983092 983089983091 983089983090 983089983089 983089983088 983097 983096 983095 983094 983093 983092 983091 983090 983089

Y 983091983093 983091983092 983091983091 983091983090 983091983089 983091983088 983090983097 983090983096 983090983095 983090983094 983090983093 983090983092 983090983091 983090983090 983090983089 983090983088 983089983097 983089983096 983089983095 983089983094 983089983093 983089983092




CONTENTS

I983150983156983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983097


983089 C983144983157983154983139983144 M983137983156983156983141983154983155 983089983095

Sanley Hauerwas

983090 T983144983141 P983141983154983145983148 983137983150983140 P983151983156983141983150983156983145983137 983148 983151983142 S983139983154983145983152983156983157983154983141 983145983150

C983144983154983145983155983156983145983137983150 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983137983148 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983091983093

Mark A Noll

983091 E983160983156983154983137 983141983139983139983148983141983155983145983137983149 983150983157983148983148983157983149 983154983141983143983150983157983149 983093983094

he Poliics o Jesus

Sco McKnigh

983092 T983144983141 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983137983148 V983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983144983141 A983152983151983155983156983148983141 983156983151 983156983144983141 N983137983156983145983151983150983155 983095983092

imohy G Gombis

983093 A W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983156983151 983156983144983141 N983137983156983145983151983150983155 983097983088


George Kalanzis

983094 N983151983156 S983151 P983154983145983158983137983156983141 983089983089983090



983095 A983154983141 C983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 P983141983151983152983148983141 983089983090983096


William Cavanaugh

983096 V983145983151983148983141983150983139983141 983089983092983095


Daniel M Bell Jr




983089983088 R983141983152983141983150983156983137983150983139983141 983137983155 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983137983148 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983089983095983097

Jennier M McBride

983089983089 T983151983159983137983154983140 983137983150 E983158983137983150983143983141983148983145983139983137983148 S983151983139983145983137983148 T983154983137983140983145983156983145983151983150 983089983097983094

Key Curren Debaes

David P Gushee


David Giaridagger

C983151983150983156983154983145983138983157983156983151983154983155 983090983091983090

S983157983138983146983141983139983156 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983091

N983137983149983141 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983094

S983139983154983145983152983156983157983154983141 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983096




INTRODUCTION


























10486251048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








ino law




























Inroducion 1048625 1048625




































1048625 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








































































1048625 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























conduc war jusly


















ohers o God
















aih do









1048625852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























852017

CHURCH MATTERS

Stanley Hauerwas

T983144983141 T983144983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 ldquoA983150983140rdquo























10486251048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155















wihou end983089983090







10









Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







InerVarsiy Press

















ISBN 983097983095983096-983088-983096983091983088983096-983092983088983093983089-983097 (prin)

ISBN 983097983095983096-983088-983096983091983088983096-983097983094983090983088-983090 (digial)





P 983090983093 983090983092 983090983091 983090983090 983090983089 983090983088 983089983097 983089983096 983089983095 983089983094 983089983093 983089983092 983089983091 983089983090 983089983089 983089983088 983097 983096 983095 983094 983093 983092 983091 983090 983089

Y 983091983093 983091983092 983091983091 983091983090 983091983089 983091983088 983090983097 983090983096 983090983095 983090983094 983090983093 983090983092 983090983091 983090983090 983090983089 983090983088 983089983097 983089983096 983089983095 983089983094 983089983093 983089983092




CONTENTS

I983150983156983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983097


983089 C983144983157983154983139983144 M983137983156983156983141983154983155 983089983095

Sanley Hauerwas

983090 T983144983141 P983141983154983145983148 983137983150983140 P983151983156983141983150983156983145983137 983148 983151983142 S983139983154983145983152983156983157983154983141 983145983150

C983144983154983145983155983156983145983137983150 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983137983148 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983091983093

Mark A Noll

983091 E983160983156983154983137 983141983139983139983148983141983155983145983137983149 983150983157983148983148983157983149 983154983141983143983150983157983149 983093983094

he Poliics o Jesus

Sco McKnigh

983092 T983144983141 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983137983148 V983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983144983141 A983152983151983155983156983148983141 983156983151 983156983144983141 N983137983156983145983151983150983155 983095983092

imohy G Gombis

983093 A W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983156983151 983156983144983141 N983137983156983145983151983150983155 983097983088


George Kalanzis

983094 N983151983156 S983151 P983154983145983158983137983156983141 983089983089983090



983095 A983154983141 C983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 P983141983151983152983148983141 983089983090983096


William Cavanaugh

983096 V983145983151983148983141983150983139983141 983089983092983095


Daniel M Bell Jr




983089983088 R983141983152983141983150983156983137983150983139983141 983137983155 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983137983148 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983089983095983097

Jennier M McBride

983089983089 T983151983159983137983154983140 983137983150 E983158983137983150983143983141983148983145983139983137983148 S983151983139983145983137983148 T983154983137983140983145983156983145983151983150 983089983097983094

Key Curren Debaes

David P Gushee


David Giaridagger

C983151983150983156983154983145983138983157983156983151983154983155 983090983091983090

S983157983138983146983141983139983156 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983091

N983137983149983141 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983094

S983139983154983145983152983156983157983154983141 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983096




INTRODUCTION


























10486251048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








ino law




























Inroducion 1048625 1048625




































1048625 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








































































1048625 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























conduc war jusly


















ohers o God
















aih do









1048625852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























852017

CHURCH MATTERS

Stanley Hauerwas

T983144983141 T983144983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 ldquoA983150983140rdquo























10486251048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155















wihou end983089983090







10









Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







CONTENTS

I983150983156983154983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983097


983089 C983144983157983154983139983144 M983137983156983156983141983154983155 983089983095

Sanley Hauerwas

983090 T983144983141 P983141983154983145983148 983137983150983140 P983151983156983141983150983156983145983137 983148 983151983142 S983139983154983145983152983156983157983154983141 983145983150

C983144983154983145983155983156983145983137983150 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983137983148 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983091983093

Mark A Noll

983091 E983160983156983154983137 983141983139983139983148983141983155983145983137983149 983150983157983148983148983157983149 983154983141983143983150983157983149 983093983094

he Poliics o Jesus

Sco McKnigh

983092 T983144983141 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983137983148 V983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983156983144983141 A983152983151983155983156983148983141 983156983151 983156983144983141 N983137983156983145983151983150983155 983095983092

imohy G Gombis

983093 A W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983156983151 983156983144983141 N983137983156983145983151983150983155 983097983088


George Kalanzis

983094 N983151983156 S983151 P983154983145983158983137983156983141 983089983089983090



983095 A983154983141 C983151983154983152983151983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 P983141983151983152983148983141 983089983090983096


William Cavanaugh

983096 V983145983151983148983141983150983139983141 983089983092983095


Daniel M Bell Jr




983089983088 R983141983152983141983150983156983137983150983139983141 983137983155 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983137983148 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983089983095983097

Jennier M McBride

983089983089 T983151983159983137983154983140 983137983150 E983158983137983150983143983141983148983145983139983137983148 S983151983139983145983137983148 T983154983137983140983145983156983145983151983150 983089983097983094

Key Curren Debaes

David P Gushee


David Giaridagger

C983151983150983156983154983145983138983157983156983151983154983155 983090983091983090

S983157983138983146983141983139983156 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983091

N983137983149983141 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983094

S983139983154983145983152983156983157983154983141 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983096




INTRODUCTION


























10486251048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








ino law




























Inroducion 1048625 1048625




































1048625 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








































































1048625 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























conduc war jusly


















ohers o God
















aih do









1048625852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























852017

CHURCH MATTERS

Stanley Hauerwas

T983144983141 T983144983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 ldquoA983150983140rdquo























10486251048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155















wihou end983089983090







10









Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







983089983088 R983141983152983141983150983156983137983150983139983141 983137983155 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983137983148 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983089983095983097

Jennier M McBride

983089983089 T983151983159983137983154983140 983137983150 E983158983137983150983143983141983148983145983139983137983148 S983151983139983145983137983148 T983154983137983140983145983156983145983151983150 983089983097983094

Key Curren Debaes

David P Gushee


David Giaridagger

C983151983150983156983154983145983138983157983156983151983154983155 983090983091983090

S983157983138983146983141983139983156 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983091

N983137983149983141 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983094

S983139983154983145983152983156983157983154983141 I983150983140983141983160 983090983091983096




INTRODUCTION


























10486251048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








ino law




























Inroducion 1048625 1048625




































1048625 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








































































1048625 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























conduc war jusly


















ohers o God
















aih do









1048625852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























852017

CHURCH MATTERS

Stanley Hauerwas

T983144983141 T983144983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 ldquoA983150983140rdquo























10486251048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155















wihou end983089983090







10









Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







INTRODUCTION


























10486251048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








ino law




























Inroducion 1048625 1048625




































1048625 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








































































1048625 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























conduc war jusly


















ohers o God
















aih do









1048625852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























852017

CHURCH MATTERS

Stanley Hauerwas

T983144983141 T983144983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 ldquoA983150983140rdquo























10486251048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155















wihou end983089983090







10









Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







10486251048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








ino law




























Inroducion 1048625 1048625




































1048625 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








































































1048625 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























conduc war jusly


















ohers o God
















aih do









1048625852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























852017

CHURCH MATTERS

Stanley Hauerwas

T983144983141 T983144983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 ldquoA983150983140rdquo























10486251048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155















wihou end983089983090







10









Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







Inroducion 1048625 1048625




































1048625 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








































































1048625 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























conduc war jusly


















ohers o God
















aih do









1048625852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























852017

CHURCH MATTERS

Stanley Hauerwas

T983144983141 T983144983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 ldquoA983150983140rdquo























10486251048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155















wihou end983089983090







10









Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







1048625 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








































































1048625 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























conduc war jusly


















ohers o God
















aih do









1048625852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























852017

CHURCH MATTERS

Stanley Hauerwas

T983144983141 T983144983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 ldquoA983150983140rdquo























10486251048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155















wihou end983089983090







10









Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155











































1048625 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























conduc war jusly


















ohers o God
















aih do









1048625852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























852017

CHURCH MATTERS

Stanley Hauerwas

T983144983141 T983144983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 ldquoA983150983140rdquo























10486251048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155















wihou end983089983090







10









Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155


















ohers o God
















aih do









1048625852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























852017

CHURCH MATTERS

Stanley Hauerwas

T983144983141 T983144983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 ldquoA983150983140rdquo























10486251048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155















wihou end983089983090







10









Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







1048625852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





























852017

CHURCH MATTERS

Stanley Hauerwas

T983144983141 T983144983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 ldquoA983150983140rdquo























10486251048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155















wihou end983089983090







10









Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







852017

CHURCH MATTERS

Stanley Hauerwas

T983144983141 T983144983141983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 P983151983148983145983156983145983139983155 983151983142 983156983144983141 ldquoA983150983140rdquo























10486251048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155















wihou end983089983090







10









Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







10486251048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155















wihou end983089983090







10









Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155










































1048626 1048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155















wihou end983089983090







10









Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







Church Maers 1048626 1048625









sory goes like his




























1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







1048626 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



































































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155









































1048626 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155








a aih worh dying or

T983144983141 W983145983156983150983141983155983155 983151983142 K983137983154983148 B983137983154983156983144





























































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155










































1048626 852022 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155




















Godrsquos humaniy


















































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155










































1048626 1048632 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155
































Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







Church Maers 1048626 1048633
































10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







10486271048624 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























response o conflic











Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







Church Maers 1048627 1048625

































1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







1048627 1048626 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155























































ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155



























ha is no he church










1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155







1048627 1048628 C983144 983154983145983155 983156983145983137983150 P 983151983148983145983156983145983139 983137983148 W 983145983156983150 983141983155 983155





Christian Political Witness edited by George Kalantzisand Gregory W. Lee

Documents

Transcript of Christian Political Witness edited by George Kalantzisand Gregory W. Lee