Christian Bible

Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) Christian Scriptures (New Testament)

27 books

• Gospels (Matthew, Mark,Luke, John)• History (Acts)• Epistles (Letters) – Paul the mainauthor, cf. Romans, Corinthians• Apocalyptic (Revelation)

Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox Bible

Old Testament Apocrypha New Testament

Protestant Bible

Old Testament New Testament

“Gospel”

• from Greek “euangelion” which means “good news”

• “gospel” can refer to the “good news” of Jesus’ death and resurrection

• the “Gospels” are books found in the New Testament

The Gospels

• written 40-60 years after Jesus’ death (hence not the first NT written)

• based on oral traditions and stories about Jesus and influenced by the history of the early Christians (destruction of the Temple?, conflicts w/ the Jewish community, persecution, etc.)

• pseudonymous – tradition attributed them to disciples and followers of Jesus (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John)

• like the other NT books, written in Greek (though Jesus’ spoke Aramaic and Hebrew)

Synoptic Gospels

• Three gospels (Matthew, Mark, & Luke) are very similar in the way they tell the story of Jesus’ life – often use exactly the same words, follow the same order of events, etc. Thus they are called “synoptic” because they “see together”

• Scholars believe that there must be an interrelationship between the synoptic Gospels

• The most common explanation is called “Marcan” priority

Marcan Priority

Mark

• first gospel written

• used by Matthew and Luke

Q

• from German “Quelle” – source

• used by Matthew and Luke

• additional sayings

Other Material

• “M” – material unique to Matthew

• “L” – material unique to Luke

Matthew Luke

The Life & Teachings Of Jesus

The “Radical” Ethics of Jesus

• ignored concerns about “purity” and associated with outcasts of society

• welcomed women as his disciples

• extended the meaning of the Jewish laws (see Matthew 5)

• preached nonviolence

• taught selfless service to all (even the most lowly)

• the idea of “reversal” of expectations (see Beatitudes & parable of Good Samaritan)

The Beatitudes(Matthew 5)

5 When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain; and after he sat down, his disciples came to him. 2 Then he began to speak, and taught them, saying:

3 "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.4 "Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted.5 "Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth.6 "Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be

filled.7 "Blessed are the merciful, for they will receive mercy.8 "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God.9 "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God.10 "Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake, for theirs is

the kingdom of heaven.11 "Blessed are you when people revile you and persecute you and utter all

kinds of evil against you falsely" on my account. 12 Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.

Matthew 5: 13-2113 "You are the salt of the earth; but if salt has lost its taste, how can its saltiness be

restored? It is no longer good for anything, but is thrown out and trampled under foot.14 "You are the light of the world. A city built on a hill cannot be hid. 15No one after

lighting a lamp puts it under the bushel basket, but on the lampstand, and it gives light to all in the house. 16In the same way, let your light shine before others, so that they may see your good works and give glory to your Father in heaven.

17 "Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets; I have come not to abolish but to fulfill. 18For truly I tell you, until heaven and earth pass away, not one letter, not one stroke of a letter, will pass from the law until all is accomplished. 19 Therefore, whoever breaks one of the least of these commandments, and teaches others to do the same, will be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever does them and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. 20For I tell you, unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.

21 "You have heard that it was said to those of ancient times, 'You shall not murder'; and 'whoever murders shall be liable to judgment.' 22But I say to you that if you are angry with a brother or sister, you will be liable to judgment; and if you insult a brother or sister," you will be liable to the council; and if you say, 'You fool,' you will be liable to the hell of fire. 23So when you are offering your gift at the altar, if you remember that your brother or sister has something against you, 24 leave your gift there before the altar and go; first be reconciled to your brother or sister and then come and offer your gift. 25 Come to terms quickly with your accuser while you are on the way to court with him, or your accuser may hand you over to the judge, and the judge to the guard, and you will be thrown into prison. 26 Truly I tell you, you will never get out until you have paid the last penny.

Matthew 5:27-33

27 "You have heard that it was said, 'You shall not commit adultery.' 28 But I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman with lust has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 29 If your right eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away; it is better for you to lose one of your members than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. 30 And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away; it is better for you to lose one of your mem bers than for your whole body to go into hell.

31 "It was also said, 'Whoever divorces his wife, let him give her a certifi cate of divorce.' 32But I say to you that anyone who divorces his wife, except on the ground of unchastity, causes her to commit adultery; and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery.

33 "Again, you have heard that it was said to those of ancient times, 'You shall not swear falsely, but carry out the vows you have made to the Lord.' 34But I say to you, Do not swear at all, either by heaven, for it is the throne of God, 35or by the earth, for it is his footstool, or by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King. 36And do not swear by your head, for you cannot make one hair white or black. 37Let your word be 'Yes, Yes' or 'No, No'; anything more than this comes from the evil one.

Matthew 5:27-33

38 "You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.' 39 But I say to you, Do not resist an evildoer. But if anyone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other also; 40 and if anyone wants to sue you and take your coat, give your cloak as well; 41 and if anyone forces you to go one mile, go also the second mile. 42 Give to everyone who begs from you, and do not refuse anyone who wants to borrow from you.

43 "You have heard that it was said, 'You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.' 44 But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, 45 so that you may be children of your Father in heaven; for he makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the righteous and on the unrighteous. 46 For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Do not even the tax collectors do the same? 47 And if you greet only your brothers and sisters what more are you doing than others? Do not even the Gentiles do the same? 48 Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.

Parable of the Good Samaritan

Luke 10:25-37 25 Just then a lawyer stood up to test Jesus. "Teacher," he said, "what must I do to inherit eternal life?" 26 He said to him, "What is written in the law? What do you read there?" 27 He answered, "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as yourself." 28 And he said to him, "You have given the right answer; do this, and you will live." 29 But wanting to justify himself, he asked Jesus, "And who is my neighbor?" 30 Jesus replied, "A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell into the hands of robbers, who stripped him, beat him, and went away, leaving him half dead. 31 Now by chance a priest was going down that road; and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. 32 So likewise a Levite, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. 33 But a Samaritan while traveling came near him; and when he saw him, he was moved with pity. 34 He went to him and bandaged his wounds, having poured oil and wine on them. Then he put him on his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took care of him. 35 The next day he took out two denarii, gave them to the innkeeper, and said, "Take care of him; and when I come back, I will repay you whatever more you spend.' 36 Which of these three, do you think, was a neighbor to the man who fell into the hands of the robbers?" 37 He said, "The one who showed him mercy." Jesus said to him, "Go and do likewise."

Parable of the Prodigal Son

Luke 15:11-32 11 Then Jesus said, "There was a man who had two sons. 12 The younger of them said to his father, "Father, give me the share of the property that will belong to me.' So he divided his property between them. 13 A few days later the younger son gathered all he had and traveled to a distant country, and there he squandered his property in dissolute living. 14 When he had spent everything, a severe famine took place throughout that country, and he began to be in need. 15 So he went and hired himself out to one of the citizens of that country, who sent him to his fields to feed the pigs. 16 He would gladly have filled himself with the pods that the pigs were eating; and no one gave him anything. 17 But when he came to himself he said, "How many of my father's hired hands have bread enough and to spare, but here I am dying of hunger! 18 I will get up and go to my father, and I will say to him, "Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you; 19 I am no longer worthy to be called your son; treat me like one of your hired hands." ' 20 So he set off and went to his father. But while he was still far off, his father saw him and was filled with compassion; he ran and put his arms around him and kissed him. 21 Then the son said to him, "Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son.' 22 But the father said to his slaves, "Quickly, bring out a robe—the best one—and put it on him; put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet. 23 And get the fatted calf and kill it, and let us eat and celebrate; 24 for this son of mine was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found!' And they began to celebrate. 25 "Now his elder son was in the field; and when he came and approached the house, he heard music and dancing. 26 He called one of the slaves and asked what was going on. 27 He replied, "Your brother has come, and your father has killed the fatted calf, because he has got him back safe and sound.' 28 Then he became angry and refused to go in. His father came out and began to plead with him. 29 But he answered his father, "Listen! For all these years I have been working like a slave for you, and I have never disobeyed your command; yet you have never given me even a young goat so that I might celebrate with my friends. 30 But when this son of yours came back, who has devoured your property with prostitutes, you killed the fatted calf for him!' 31 Then the father said to him, "Son, you are always with me, and all that is mine is yours. 32 But we had to celebrate and rejoice, because this brother of yours was dead and has come to life; he was lost and has been found.' "

The Kingdom of God

PRESENT• “The time is fulfilled, and

the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel”

• “But if it is by the finger of God that I cast out the demons, then the kingdom of God has come to you”

FUTURE• “for I tell you that from

now on I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.”

• “But truly I tell you, there are some standing here who will not taste death before they see the kingdom of God.”