Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of ...2013.pdf · 13 BRIEF OF PHYSICS AND...
Transcript of Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of ...2013.pdf · 13 BRIEF OF PHYSICS AND...
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Kengeri Campus, Kanminike, Kumbalgodu, Bangalore
– 560060
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
AND
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
JANUARY 2013
2012(MODIFIED) & 2013 BATCH
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.NO
DESCRIPTION PAGE NUMBER
1 INTRODUCTION
2
2 COURSES OFFERED
4
3 ELEGIBILITY CRITERIA
4
4 SELECTION PROCESS
5
5 ADMISSION PROCESS
5
6 GENERAL RULES
6
7 GRADING SCHEME FOR EACH PAPER:
UNDERGRADUATE COURSES
7
8 GRADING SCHEME FOR EACH PAPER:
POSTGRADUATE COURSES
8
9 COURSE OVERVIEW
8
10 COURSE OBJECTIVE
8
11 TEACHING PEDAGOGY
9
12 ASSESSMENT RULES
9
13 BRIEF OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY CYCLE
13
14 QUESTION PAPER PATTERN
13
15 COURSE STRUCTURE
14
16 DETAILED SYLLABUS
21
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1. INTRODUCTION
Christ University was formerly Christ College (Autonomous) affiliated to
Bangalore University. Established in July 1969, Christ College became the most
preferred educational institution in the city of Bangalore within the first three decades.
From 1990 onwards it scaled from heights to heights. By the introduction of innovative
and modern curriculum, insistence on academic discipline, imparting of Holistic
Education and with the help of the creative and dedicated staff, Christ College has been
continually rated among the top 10 educational institutions of the country. It has the rare
distinction to be the first institution in Karnataka to be accredited by National Assessment
and Accreditation Council (NAAC) UGC for quality education. On 7 October 2004,
UGC has conferred Autonomy to Christ College (No.F.13-1/2004).
On May 20, 2005, it became the first College in South India to be reaccredited with A+
by NAAC. UGC has identified it as an Institution with Potential for Excellence in June
2006.
July 22, 2008 is the most glorious day in the history of the institution. Under Section 3 of
the UGC Act, 1956, Ministry of Human Resources Development of the Union
Government of India, vide Notification No. F. 9-34/2007-U.3 (A), has declared it a
Deemed to be University, in the name and style of Christ University
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VISION
"EXCELLENCE AND SERVICE"
Christ University, a premier educational institution, is an academic fraternity of
individuals dedicated to the motto of excellence and service. We strive to reach out
to the star of perfection through an earnest academic pursuit for excellence and our
efforts blossom into ‗service‘ through our creative and empathetic involvement in the
society to transform it.
Education prepares one to face the challenges of life by bringing out the best in
him/her. If this is well accepted, education should be relevant to the needs of the time
and address the problems of the day. Being inspired by Blessed Kuriakose Elias
Chavara, the founder of Carmelites of Mary Immaculate and the pioneer in
innovative education, Christ University was proactive to define and redefine its
mission and strategies reading the signs of the time.
MISSION STATEMENT
"Christ University is a nurturing ground for an individuals holistic development to make
effective contribution to the society in a dynamic environment."
CORE VALUES
The values which guide us at Christ University are:
Faith in God
Moral Uprightness
Love of Fellow Beings
Social Responsibility
Pursuit of Excellence
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2. COURSE OFFERED
Undergraduate Programmes (B. Tech) (4 Years Program)
Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)
Int. BTech with MBA (5 Years Program)
Int. BTech(ECE) with MBA (Finance/HR/Marketing/Lean Operations &
Systems)
Int. BTech with M. Tech (5 Years Program)
Int. BTech(ECE) with MTech (Communication Systems)
Postgraduate Programmes (M. Tech) (2 Years Program)
Master of Technology in Communication Systems
Doctoral Programmes (Ph.D.) (Doctor of Philosophy)
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Electronics and Communication Engineering
3. ELIGIBLITY CRITERIA
For Undergraduate Programmes and Int. B Tech with MBA & Int. B. Tech
with M. Tech:
A pass in PUC (10+2) or equivalent with 50% marks in aggregate with
Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry is the minimum eligibility for admission
Lateral Entry:
Candidates who have successfully completed 3 year diploma in Engineering
or Bachelor of Science (as applicable) are eligible to apply for lateral entry
into: BTech Electronics & Communication Engineering.
Candidates will be admitted to second year of the programme only after
appearing the Christ University selection process for Engineering
programmes.
For Postgraduate Programmes:
o For Master of Technology in Communication Systems
A Pass Class in B.Tech/B.E or M.Sc in Electronics and VLSI
Design with 55% aggregate.
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4. SELECTION PROCESS
1) Candidates can process the admission based on the Undergraduate Entrance Test
and Ranking by COMEDK.
OR
2) Christ University Selection Process as given below:
Process Particulars Date Venue/Centre
Entrance Test Christ University Entrance
test for each candidate
As per the E-
Admit Card
As per the E- Admit
Card
Personal
Interview
Personal interview for 15
minutes for each candidate
by an expert panel
As per the E-
Admit Card
As per the E- Admit
Card
Academic
Performance
Assessment of past
performance in Class 10,
Class 11/12 during the
Personal Interview
As per the E-
Admit Card
As per the E- Admit
Card
5. ADMISSION PROCESS
Candidates will be intimated about the Selection status (Selected/Wait Listed/Not
Selected) through the University Notice Board/on the ―Application Status‖ link on
University website. The Selection results will be declared within 24 hours of Personal
Interview session.
The selected candidates must process admission at Office of Admissions,
Central Block, Christ University within 3 working days of declaration of Selection
Process results/as per the stipulated date and time mentioned by Office of
Admissions.
Selected candidates should collect the Fee Challan from the Office of Admissions
and remit the Annual fee at the South Indian Bank, Christ University Branch. The Offer
of Admission will stand cancelled, if failing to remit the fee within the stipulated date
and time.
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Admission will not be processed without the presence of the candidate and the
mandatory original documents mentioned below;
1. The Offer of Admission Card (E-Admission Card/Mail)
2. Class 10 Marks Statement
3. Class 11 Marks Statement, if Candidate is pursuing class 12 and appearing for
final examination during March-April 2012
4. Class 12 Marks Statement, if candidate has appeared and passed the Class 12
examination
The University ID card is a smart card, which is both an ID card as well as a
South Indian Bank ATM card with a chip containing the student personal details. All
transactions within the University campus after commencement of classes, including fees
payment will be processed only through this card. It is also an access card for Library and
other restricted places. Candidates are advised to collect the South Indian Bank account
opening form along with fees challan and process it at the Bank branch within the
University premises.
Candidates who fall under International student category (ISC), If selected, should
register with the Foreigner Regional Registration Officer (FRRO/FRO) of the Local
Police in Bangalore, India within 14 working days from the date of admission or arriving
in Bangalore.
All International student category (ISC) candidates if studied in India should obtain an
NOC from the previous qualifying institution.
6. GENERAL RULES
There is a grading scheme for each paper and for all the courses.
All marks will indicate the marks, percentage obtained, grade and grade point
average.
The grade point average will be calculated as follows: for each subject, multiply
the grade point with the number of credits; divide the sum of product by the total
number of credits.
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The CGPA [Cumulative GPA] is calculated by adding the total number of earned
points [GP x Cr] for all semesters and dividing by the total number of credit hours
for all semesters.
GPA=
7. Grading scheme for Each Paper: Undergraduate Courses
Percentage Grade Grade
Point
Interpretation Class
80 and above A 4.0 Outstanding First Class with
Distinction
73-79 A- 3.67 Excellent First Class
66-72 B+ 3.33 Very Good
60-65 B 3.0 Good
55-59 B- 2.67 Average Second Class
50-54 C+ 2.33 Satisfactory
45-49 C 2.00 Pass Pass Class
40-44 D 1.0 Pass
39 and below F 0 Fails Fail
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8. Grading scheme for Each Paper: Postgraduate Courses
Percentage Grade Grade Point Interpretation Class
80 and above A+ 4.0 Excellent First Class with
Distinction 70-79 A 3.5 Very Good
65-69 B+ 3.0 Good First Class
60-64 B 2.5 Above Average
55-59 C+ 2.0 Average Second Class
50-54 C 1.5 Satisfactory
40-49 C- 1.0 Exempted if aggregate
is more than 50%
Pass Class
39 and below F 0 Fails Fail
9. COURSE OVERVIEW
The department is well established with state of art technology to impart
knowledge for future industrial and educational needs. It is furnished with sound
laboratories outfitted with hi-tech instruments, internet and computer systems. It has
acoustic poof class rooms with audio-visual teaching aids. The total campus is
networked by wire and Wi-Fi system. It has well experienced faculties from reputed
industries and institutions. The department has been made as paperless office. It has
personalized syllabus suited for global industrial and academic needs. It is well
integrated by standalone seminar hall and supporting auditorium to conduct seminars,
workshops and training.
10. COURSE OBJECTIVE
The goal of the Department is to create professionals who are well versed with
the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism so that
mundane jobs are taken away from men or women to machines. The entertainment &
leisure industries exist since Electronics & Communication engineers exist.
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11. TEACHING PEDAGOGY
1. Team/Class room teaching.
2. PowerPoint presentations and handouts.
3. Simulated situations and role-plays.
4. Video films on actual situations.
5. Assignments.
6. Case Studies.
7. Exercises are solved hands on.
8. Seminars
9. Industry / Field visits.
10. Information and Communication Technology.
11. Project work.
12. Learning Management System- Moodle
12. ASSESSMENT RULES
Assessment is based on the performance of the student throughout the semester.
Assessment of each paper
Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) for Theory papers: 50% (50 marks out
of 100 marks)
End Semester Examination(ESE) : 50% (50 marks out of 100 marks)
Components of the CIA
CIA I : Mid Semester Examination (Theory) : 25 marks
CIA II : Assignments : 10 marks
CIA III : Quizzes/Seminar/Case Studies/Project Work : 10 marks
Attendance : 05 marks
Total : 50 marks
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For subjects having practical as part of the subject
End semester practical examination : 25 marks
Records : 05 marks
Mid semester examination : 10 marks
Class work : 10 marks
Total : 50 marks
Mid semester practical examination will be conducted during regular practical
hour with prior intimation to all candidates. End semester practical examination will have
two examiners an internal and external examiner.
Assessment of Practice School
Internal Guide:100 Marks
Presentation
Practice School Station Guide:100 Marks
Quizzes
Seminars
Group Discussion
Report Writing
Presentation:100 Marks
Assessed by Panel members
Assessment of Seminar
Continuous Internal Assessment:50 Marks
Presentation assessed by Panel Members
Assessment of Project Work(Phase I)
Continuous Internal Assessment:100 Marks
Presentation assessed by Panel Members
Assessment by Guide
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Assessment of Project Work(Phase II) and Dissertation
Continuous Internal Assessment:100 Marks
Presentation assessed by Panel Members
Assessment by Guide
End Semester Examination:100 Marks
Viva Voce
Demonstration
Project Report
Dissertation (Exclusive assessment of Project Report): 100 Marks
Internal Review : 50 Marks
External review : 50 Marks
Assessment of Seminar
Continuous Internal Assessment:50 Marks
Presentation assessed by Panel Members
Holistic Education:
End Semester Examination 25 Marks
Participation 25 Marks
Total 50 Marks
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PRACTICE SCHOOL
Practice School (PS) is taken by all the students of the integrated courses in the
VIII semester. Consistent with the educational philosophy of the PS, this component is
implemented at various Production and Manufacturing Units, Design, Development and
Consulting Agencies, National Laboratories, R & D centers, Banks, Software
development organizations. The student education is in terms of his involvement in the
problem solving efforts of direct interest to the host organizations.
The necessary assignments are identified by the PS faculty a priori in consultation
with professional experts from the host organizations before the student arrive on the
scene. Problems so chosen are normally assigned to different groups, each consisting of 3
to 4 students generally drawn from different disciplines.PS faculty and Project Division
work out all the student allotment.
Once the students arrive at PS station, the PS faculty remains at the helm of the
activities like informing about the student groups, assigning projects, holding Quizzes,
Seminars, GD., Facilitating the students to meet experts.
At the end of the course, students should defend the technical credibility of their
work before as large a gathering of experts as possible. This indeed is a brain storming
session which forces detailed discussions on various aspects of the problem invariably
resulting in the resolution of critical issues.
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13. BRIEF OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY CYCLE:
All the student in B. Tech first year are divided into two groups i.e. Circuit and
Non-Circuit branches (i.e. Physics and Chemistry Cycle respectively)
The students in Physics Cycle and Chemistry Cycle being swapped between
Chemistry & Physics Cycle respectively in next Semester (i.e. Second semester).
14. QUESTION PAPER PATTERN:
End Semester Examination (ESE) :
Theory Papers:
The ESE is conducted for 100 marks of 3 hours duration.
The syllabus for the theory papers is divided into FIVE units and each unit carries equal
weightage in terms of marks distribution.
Question paper pattern is as follows.
Two full questions with either or choice, will be drawn from each unit. Each question
carries 20 marks. There could be a maximum of three sub divisions in a question. The
emphasis on the questions is broadly based on the following criteria:
50 % - To test the objectiveness of the concept
30 % - To test the analytical skill of the concept
20 % - To test the application skill of the concept
Laboratory / Practical Papers:
The ESE is conducted for 50 marks of 3 hours duration. Writing, Execution and
Viva – voce will carry weightage of 20, 20 and 10 respectively.
Mid Semester Examination (MSE) :
Theory Papers:
The MSE is conducted for 50 marks of 2 hours duration.
Question paper pattern; Five out of Six questions have to be answered. Each
question carries 10 marks.
Laboratory / Practical Papers:
The MSE is conducted for 50 marks of 2 hours duration. Writing, Execution and
Viva – voce will carry weightage of 20, 20 and 10 respectively.
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INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 14
15. COURSE STRUCTURE:
SEMESTER I- PHYSICS CYCLE
S. No. Course
No.
Course Name L T P M C
THEORY
1 MA 131 Mathematics – I 3 1 0 100 4
2 PH 132 Engineering Physics 3 1 0 100 4
3 EE 133 Basic Electrical Engineering 3 1 0 100 4
4 CE 134 Engineering Mechanics 3 1 0 100 4
5 EG 135 Engineering Graphics 3 1 0 100 4
6 PD 136 Professional Development-I 3 1 0 100 4
7 HE 171 Holistic Education 1 1
PRACTICAL
8 PH 151 Engineering Physics Laboratory 0 0 3 50 2
9 EE 152 Basic Electrical Engineering
Laboratory
0 0 3 50 2
Total 700 29
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SEMESTER II
CHEMISTRY CYCLE
S. No. Course
No.
Course Name L T P M C
THEORY
1 MA 231 Mathematics – II 3 1 0 100 4
2 CH 232 Engineering Chemistry 3 1 0 100 4
3 EC 233 Basic Electronics 3 1 0 100 4
4 CS 234 Problem Solving and Programming
Concepts
3 1 0 100 4
5 ME 235 Elements of Mechanical
Engineering
3 1 0 100 4
6 HE 271 Holistic Education 1 1
PRACTICAL
7 ME 251 Workshop Practice 0 0 3 50 2
8 CS 252 Computer Programming Laboratory 0 0 3 50 2
9 CH 253 Engineering Chemistry Laboratory 0 0 3 50 2
Total 650 27
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SEMESTER III
Paper Code Course Title L T P M C
THEORY
EC331 Mathematics III 3 1 0 100 4
EC332 Data Structures 3 1 0 100 4
EC333 Electronic Devices and Electronic Circuits I 3 1 0 100 4
EC334 Circuit Analysis 3 1 0 100 4
EC335 Electromagnetic Fields 3 1 0 100 4
EC336 Measurements and Instrumentation 3 1 0 100 4
HE371 Holistic Education 1 1
PRACTICAL
EC351 Electronic Devices and Electronic Circuits I
Laboratory
0 0 3 50 2
EC352 Data structure Laboratory 0 0 3 50 2
Total 700 29
SEMESTER IV
Paper Code Course Title L T P M C
THEORY
EC431 Probability and Queuing Theory 3 1 0 100 4
EC432 Computer Organization 3 1 0 100 4
EC433 Signals and Systems 3 1 0 100 4
EC434 Digital Electronics 3 1 0 100 4
EC435 Control Systems 3 1 0 100 4
EC436 Professional Development-II 3 1 0 100 4
HE471 Holistic Education 1 1
PRACTICAL
EC451 Control Systems Laboratory 0 0 3 50 2
EC452 Digital Electronics Laboratory 0 0 3 50 2
Total 700 29
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SEMESTER V
Paper
Code
Course Title L T P M C
THEORY
EC531 Communication Theory 3 1 0 100 4
MTEC134 Digital Signal Processing and its Application 3 1 0 100 3
EC533 Microprocessors and its applications 3 1 0 100 4
EC534 Electronic Circuits - II 3 1 0 100 4
EC535 Antennas and Wave Propagation 3 1 0 100 4
PRACTICAL
MTEC151 Digital Signal Processing and its Application
Lab
0 0 3 50 2
EC552 Communication System Laboratory 0 0 3 50 2
EC553 Electronic circuits – II and Simulation lab 0 0 3 50 2
Total 650 25
SEMESTER VI
Paper Code Course Title L T P M C
THEORY
MTEC232 Multimedia Compression Techniques 3 1 0 100 3
EC632 Microcontrollers 3 1 0 100 4
EC633 Linear Integrated Circuits 3 1 0 100 4
EC634 Transmission Lines and Waveguides 3 1 0 100 4
EC635 Optical Communication 3 1 0 100 4
EC636 Digital Communication 3 1 0 100 4
PRACTICAL
EC651 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
Laboratory
0 0 3 50 2
EC652 Linear Integrated Circuits Laboratory 0 0 3 50 2
Total 700 27
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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SEMESTER VII
Paper
Code
Course Title L T P M C
THEORY
MTEC135 Optical Communication Networks 3 1 0 100 3
EC732 VLSI Design 3 1 0 100 4
EC733 Computer Networks 3 1 0 100 4
EC734 Microwave Engineering 3 1 0 100 4
MTEC132 Advanced Radiation Systems 3 1 0 100 3
MTEC133 Modern Digital Communication
Techniques
3 1 0 100 3
PRACTICAL
EC751 VLSI Laboratory 0 0 3 50 2
EC752 Optical and Microwave Laboratory 0 0 3 50 2
Total 700 25
SEMESTER VIII
Paper
Code
Course Title L T P M C
THEORY
MTEC231 Mobile Communication Networks 3 1 0 100 3
MTEC233 Wireless Sensor Networks 3 1 0 100 3
MTEC234 Satellite communication 3 1 0 100 3
PRACTICAL
EC871 Practice School 0 0 12 300 9
EC872 Seminar 0 0 3 50 2
MTEC271 Professional Practice I 0 0 2 50 2
Total 700 22
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SEMESTER -IX
S.No Course No Course Name L T P M C
THEORY
1 MTEC331 Elective II 3 1 0 100 3
2 MTEC332 Elective III 3 1 0 100 3
3 MTEC333 Elective IV 3 1 0 100 3
PRACTICAL
4 MTEC371 Project Work (Phase I) 0 0 12 100 3
5 MTEC372 Professional Practice-II 0 0 2 50 2
TOTAL 450 14
SEMESTER –X
S.No Course
No
Course Name Marks Credit
1 MTEC471 Project Work (Phase II) and Dissertation 300 9
2 MTEC472 Seminar 50 2
TOTAL 350 11
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LIST OF ELECTIVES
S.NO Course Title M C
1 RF System Design 100 3
2 Advanced Digital Signal Processing 100 3
3 Advanced Microwave Systems 100 3
4 Communication protocol Engineering 100 3
5 DSP Processor Architecture and programming 100 3
6 Wavelets and Multi-resolution Processing 100 3
7 Speech and Audio Signal Processing. 100 3
8 Network Routing Algorithms 100 3
9 Simulation of Communication Systems and
Networks
100 3
10 Global Positioning Systems 100 3
11 Communication Network Security 100 3
12 Soft Computing 100 3
13 Digital Communication Receivers 100 3
14 Advanced Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 100 3
15 Digital Image Processing 100 3
16 Internetworking multimedia 100 3
17 Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility in
System Design
100 3
18 High Performance Communication Networks 100 3
19 Embedded systems 100 3
20 High Speed Switching Architecture 100 3
21 Real Time Operating Systems 100 3
22 Special Elective 100 3
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16. DETAILED SYLLABUS:
MATHEMATICS - I MA 131
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains five units which are Matrix Theory, Differential and Integral
Calculus, Differential Equation and Vector Calculus. This paper aims at enabling the
students to know various concepts and principles of calculus. Successive differentiation
to any order, calculus of functions of several variables, application of calculus to find
area, volume etc and drawing complicated curves, classification of different type of
differential equation with an introduction to vector calculus are covered in this paper.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
This course is addressed to those who intend to apply the subject at the proper place and
time, while keeping him/her aware to the needs of the society where he/she can lend
his/her expert service, and also to those who can be useful to the community without even
going through the formal process of drilling through rigorous treatment of mathematics.
UNIT –I: Matrix Theory 12 Hours
Basic concepts of matrix, matrix addition, scalar multiplication, matrix multiplicat ion;
Inverse of a matrix; Determinants; Systems of linear equations, Eigenvalues,
eigenvectors, and applications, Cayley – Hamilton Theorem; Symmetric, skew-
symmetric, and orthogonal matrices, Hermitian, skew-Hermitian and unitary matrices;
Properties of eigenvalues, diagonalization
UNIT - II: Differential Calculus - I 10 Hours n
th order derivative of standard functions. Leibnitz‘s theorem (without proof) and
Problems.
Partial Derivatives, Euler‘s Theorem. Total differentiation. Differentiation of Composite
and implicit functions. Jacobians and their properties.
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UNIT - III: Integral Calculus – I 14 Hours
Reduction formulae for the integration of sinn x , cosn x , tann x , cotn x , secn x ,
cos nec x and sin cosmx nx and evaluation of these integrals with standard limits -
Problems. Tracing of standard curves in Cartesian, Parametric and Polar form.
Derivative of arc length, Applications of integration to find surfaces of revolution and
volumes of solids of revolution.
UNIT – IV: Differential Equation - I 10 Hours
Solution of first order and first degree differential equations: homogeneous, linear,
Bernoulli and exact equations, Applications of differential equations.
UNIT –V: Vector Calculus - I 14 Hours
Vector differentiation. Velocity, Acceleration of a particle moving on a space curve.
Vector point function. Gradient, Divergence, Curl, Laplacian. Solenoidal and Irrotational
vectors - Problems.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Dr. B. S. Grewal, ―Higher Engineering Mathematics‖, 39th Edition, Khanna
Publishers, July 2005.
2. K. A. Stroud, ―Engineering Mathematics‖, 5th Edition, Industrial Press, 2001.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Erwin Kreyszig, ―Advanced Engineering Mathematics‖, 8th Edition, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc, 2005
2. Thomas and Finney, ―Calculus‖, 9th Edition, Pearson Education, 2004
3. Peter V. O‘Neil, ―Advanced Engineering Mathematics‖, Thomson Publication,
Canada, 2007
4. B. V. Ramana, ―Higher Engineering Mathematics‖, Tata McGraw – Hill, 2009.
5. Michael Artin, ―Algebra‖, 2nd
Edition, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited,
New Delhi, 2002
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6. Kenneth Hoffman and Ray Kunze, ―Linear Algebra‖, 2nd
Edition, Prentice Hall of
India Private Limited, New Delhi, 2002
7. George F. Simmons and Steven G. Krantz, ―Differential Equation, Theory,
Technique and Practice‖, Tata McGraw – Hill, 2006.
8. M. D. Raisinghania, ―Ordinary and Partial Differential Equation‖, Chand (S.) &
Co. Ltd., India, March 17, 2005.
9. H. K. Das & Rajnish Verma, ―Higher Engineering Mathematics‖, S. Chand &
Company Ltd., 2011.
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ENGINEERING PHYSICS PH 132
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains five UNITs which are
Modern Physics and Quantum Mechanics
Conductivity in Metals( Electrical and thermal)
Elastic, Dielectric, Magnetic and Optical Properties of Materials
Lasers, Optical Fibers and Ultrasonics
Crystal Structure and Modern Engineering materials.
This paper aims at enabling the students to know fundamentals covered in this paper.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To impart the basic concepts and ideas in physics.
To develop scientific attitudes and enable the students to correlate the concepts of
physics with the core programmes.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic/working
UNIT – I 14 Hours
Modern Physics
Introduction to Blackbody radiation spectrum - Planck‘s theory(qualitative) – Deduction
of Wien‘s displacement law and Rayleigh Jean‘s law from Planck‘s theory – Quantum
theory applied to Einstein‘s Photo-electric effect - Photo Multiplier Tube -Compton
effect - Wave particle Dualism -de Broglie hypothesis – de Broglie wavelength -
extension to electron particle – Davisson and Germer Experiment - Matter waves and
their Characteristic properties. Phase velocity, group velocity and Particle velocity.
(qualitative).Elementary particles – QUARKS – Types – Properties.
Quantum Mechanics
Heisenberg‘s uncertainty principle and its physical significance(no derivation).
Application of uncertainty principle (Non-existence of electron in the nucleus).
Wave function. Properties and Physical significance of a wave function Schroedinger‘s -
Time independent wave equation – Application: Setting up of a one dimensional
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Schrödinger wave equation of a particle in a potential well of infinite depth : Probability
density and Normalisation of wave function – Energy eigen values and eigen function.
UNIT – II 11 Hours
Conductivity in metals – Electrical and Thermal
Classical free-electron theory. Assumptions. Drift velocity. Mean collision time and
mean free path. Relaxation time. Expression for drift velocity. Expression for electrical
conductivity in metals. Effect of impurity and temperature on electrical resistivity of
metals. Failure of classical free-electron theory. Thermal Conductivity. Wiedmann-Franz
Law( relation between thermal conductivity & electrical conductivity).
Quantum free-electron theory - Assumptions. Fermi - Dirac Statistics. Fermi-energy –
Fermi factor. Density of states (with derivation). Carrier concentration in metals.
Expression for electrical resistivity/conductivity Temperature dependence of resistivity of
metals. Merits of Quantum free – electron theory.
UNIT – III 12 Hours
Properties of Materials
Elasticity: Elasticity – types of moduli of elasticity – stress strain diagram – Young‘s
modulus of elasticity – rigidity modulus – bulk modulus – Poisson‘s ratio –Bending of
beams – Single Cantilever - Young‘s modulus-Non uniform bending.
Dielectric: Dielectric constant and polarisation of dielectric materials. Types of
polarisation. Equation for internal fields in liquids and solids (one dimensional). Clausius
– Mossotti equation. Ferro and Piezo – electricity(qualitative). Frequency dependence of
dielectric constant. Important applications of dielectric materials.
Optics : Phenomenon of diffusion, absorption and scattering of a light –
Snell‘s Law - Interference – thin films - Air wedge theory and experiment
Testing of flat surfaces. Anti reflection coating single and multi layer.
UNIT – IV 12 Hours
Lasers : Principle and production. Einstein‘s coefficients (expression for energy density).
Requisites of a Laser system. Condition for Laser action. Principle, Construction and
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 26
working of Nd YAG and semiconductor diode Laser. Applications of Laser – Laser
welding, cutting and drilling. Measurement of atmospheric pollutants.
Optical Fibers : Principle and Propagation of light in optical fibers. Angle of acceptance.
Numerical aperture. Types of optical fibers and modes of propagation. Applications –
block diagram discussion of point to point communication.
Ultrasonics : Ultrasonics production – Magnetostriction and Piezoelectric methods –
Application (NDT) non-destructive testing of materials- Flaw detection- Measurement of
velocity in liquids. Determination of elastic constants in liquids using Ultrasonic
Interferometer.
UNIT - V
Material Science 12 Hours
Crystal Structure : Space lattice, Bravais lattice - UNIT cell, primitive cell. Lattice
parameters. Crystal systems. Direction and planes in a crystal. Miller indices. Expression
for inter-planar spacing. Co-ordination number. Atomic packing factor. Bragg‘s Law.
Determination of crystal structure by Bragg‘s x-ray spectrometer. Crystal structure of
NaCl.
Modern Engineering Materials:
Metallic Glasses: Properties – Applications.
Shape Memory Alloys : Characteristics - Applications.
Cryogenics : Properties – Applications.
Nano-materials : Molecular Manufacturing. Fabrication technology. Scaling of classical
mechanical systems – Basic assumptions. Mechanical scaling. Carbon nano-tubes.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. M.N.Avadhanulu and P.G. Kshirsagar, ―A Text Book of Engineering Physics‖,
S.Chand & Company Ltd, 9th Edition 2012.
2. S.O. Pillai, ―Solid State Physics‖, New Age International, 6th Edition 2009.
3. S.P. Basavaraju, ― Engineering Physics‖, Revised Edition 2009.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 27
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. R.K. Gaur and S.L. Gupta, "Engineering Physics", Dhanpatrai and Sons,
New Delhi, 2001.
2. Sehgal Chopra Sehgal, ― Modern Physics ", Tata McGraw-Hill,
6th Edition, 2005.
3. Halliday, Resnick and Krane, "Fundamentals of Physics Extended",
John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 5th Edition, 1997.
4. P.Mani, ―Engineering Physics‖, Dhanam publishers, Revised Edition 2011.
5. H.J. Sawant, "Engineering Physics", Technical Publications, 1st Edition, 2010.
6. V. Rajendran, ―Engineering Physics‖, Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Company
Limited, 1st Edition, 2009.
7. K.Eric Drexler, ―Nanosystems - Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing and
Computation‖, John Wiely & Sons, 2005.
8. J David, N Cheeke , ―Fundamentals and Applications of Ultrasonic Waves‖, CRC
Press 1st Edition, 2002.
9. Frederick J Bueche and Eugene Hecht ―Schaum Outline of Theory and Problems of
College Physics‖, Tata McGraw-Hill, 11th
Edition, 2012.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 28
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE 133
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains five units which are Analysis of DC circuits, Single phase & three
phase A C circuits, DC and AC machines and transformers. This paper aims at enabling
the students to provide comprehensive idea about circuit analysis, working principles of
machines covered in this paper.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the course students will be able
To understand the basic concepts of magnetic circuits, AC & DC circuits.
To solve the electrical network using mesh and nodal analysis
To understand the concept of active, reactive and apparent powers, power
factor and resonance in series and parallel circuits.
To know the basic concepts of three phase loads and power measurement.
To explain the working principle, construction, applications of DC & AC
machines
UNIT – I 12 Hours
Introduction to electrical power generation and distribution
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT ELEMENTS:
Sources: Ideal voltage source, practical voltage source, ideal current source, practical
current source, source transformation, Controlled sources.
Resistor: Resistance, linear and non-linear resistors, resistors in series, resistors in
parallel, current division, power consumed by a resistor.
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Capacitor: Capacitance, equivalent capacitance of capacitors in series, voltage division,
capacitors in parallel, energy stored by a capacitor.
Inductor: Inductance, self-induced emf, energy stored by an inductor, inductors in series,
inductors in parallel mutual Inductance, Co-efficient of coupling.
Resistive networks: star- delta and delta – star transformations, network reduction
technique.
UNIT – II 12 Hours
SINGLE-PHASE AC CIRCUITS:
Alternating voltages and currents, generation of single phase alternating voltage, average
value and rms value of periodic sinusoidal and non- sinusoidal wave forms, form factor.
Representation of time-varying quantities as phasors; the operator j; Representation of
complex quantities; Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of phasors.
Basic ac circuits, sinusoidal alternating current in a pure resistor, pure inductor and a pure
capacitor, waveforms of voltage, current, and power, phasor diagram, inductive and
capacitive reactances.
RL, RC, and RLC circuits, concept of impedance and phasor diagram, expression for
average power, power factor, parallel ac circuits, conductance, susceptance and
admittance, analysis of series parallel circuits and phasor diagrams, active power, reactive
power, and apparent power, complex power and power triangle.
UNIT III 12 Hours
THREE-PHASE AC CIRCUITS:
Generation of 3-phase balanced sinusoidal voltages, waveform of 3-phase voltages, star
and delta connections, line voltage and phase voltage, line current and phase current,
analysis of 3-phase circuit with balanced supply voltage and with star/delta connected
balanced loads, measurement of active power using two-wattmeter method with balanced
loads.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 30
UNIT – IV 12 Hours
ELECTROMAGNETISM:
Introduction to electromagnetism, comparison of electrical circuit with magnetic circuit,
Magnetic flux, Flux density, Fleming's left hand rule, Faraday‘s laws, Fleming's right
hand rule, Lenz‘s law,
DC MACHINES:
Working principle of DC machine as a generator and motor. Constructional features.
E.M.F. equation of generator and illustrative examples. Back E.M.F. and torque
equations of D.C. motors. Types of D.C. motors.
UNIT – V 12 Hours
TRANSFORMERS: Types, constructional features, principle of operation, equation for
induced emf, transformation ratio, ideal transformer, transformer under no-load, losses,
efficiency, applications.
THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS:
Types, constructional details, production of rotating magnetic field, synchronous speed,
principle operation, slip, Necessity of a starter for 3-phase induction motor, Star –Delta
starter.
BIBILOGRAPH
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Arthur Eugene Fitzgerald, David E. Higginbotham, Arvin Grabel, ―Basic electrical
engineering: circuits, electronics, machines, controls‖, McGraw-Hill, Fifth Edition.
2. E. Hughes; ―Electrical Technology", 9th Edition‖, Pearson, 2005.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 31
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Kothari D. P. & Nagarath I. J, ―Basic Electrical Technology‖, TMH, 2004
2. Rajendra Prasad, ―Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering‖, Prentice Hall of India Pvt
Ltd., 2005
3. K.A. Krishnamurthy and M.R Raghuveer, ―Electrical, Electronics and Computer
Engineering‖, 2nd Edition, T.M.H., 2001
4. D C Kulshreshtha, ―Basic Electrical Engineering‖, TMH.
5. Abhijit Chakrabarti, Sudipta Nath & Chandan Kumar Chanda, ―Basic Electrical
Engineering‖, TMH, 2009.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 32
ENGINEERING MECHANICS CE 134
(Common for all branches)
SUBJECT DESCRIPTION: This paper aims at enabling the students to know the
fundamentals Engineering Mechanics covered in this paper. This paper contains five
units which are Engineering Mechanics and its classification, Composition of Forces,
Equilibrium of Forces, Types of Supports, Analysis of trusses, Centriod and Moment of
Inertia and Friction.
SUBJECT OBJECTIVES:
The students will understand the basics of Engineering Mechanics
The students will understand the basic principles, laws, measurements,
calculations and SI units.
The students will understand mechanics that studies the effects of forces and
moments acting on rigid bodies that are either at rest or moving with constant
velocity along a straight path for static condition only.
The students will understand the basic concepts of forces in the member, centriod,
moment of inertia & friction
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic
UNIT – I: 15 HOURS
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Basic idealizations – Practical, Continuum, Rigid body and Point force; Newton‘s laws of
motion, Definition of force, Introduction to SI units, Elements of a force, classification
of force and force systems; Principle of physical independence of forces, Principle of
superposition of forces, Principle of transmissibility of forces; Moment of a couple,
characteristics of couple, Equivalent force – couple system; Resolution of forces,
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 33
composition of forces; Numerical problems on moment of forces and couples, on
equivalent force – couple system.
COMPOSITION OF FORCES: Definition of Resultant; Composition of coplanar –
concurrent force system, Principle of resolved parts; Numerical problems on composition
of coplanar concurrent force systems
COMPOSITION OF COPLANAR: Non-concurrent force system, Varignon‘s principle
of moments; Numerical problems on composition of coplanar non-concurrent force
systems.
UNIT – II: 13 HOURS
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES
Definition of Equilibrant; Conditions of static equilibrium for different force systems,
Lami‘s theorem; Numerical problems on equilibrium of coplanar – concurrent force
system.
TYPES OF SUPPORTS: Statically determinate beams, Numerical problems on
equilibrium of coplanar-non- concurrent force system and support reactions for statically
determinate beams
UNIT – III: 09 HOURS
ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSSES
Introduction to Determinate and Indeterminate plane trusses - Analysis of simply
supported and cantilevered trusses by method of joints and method of sections
UNIT – IV: 15 HOURS
CENTROID OF PLANE FIGURES
Locating the centroid of triangle, semicircle, quadrant of a circle and sector of a circle
using method of integration, centroid of simple built up sections; Numerical problems.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 34
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF AN AREA: polar moment of inertia, Radius of gyration,
Perpendicular axis theorem and Parallel axis theorem; Moment of Inertia of rectangular,
circular and triangular areas from method of integration; Moment of inertia of composite
areas; Numerical problems.
UNIT – V: 08 HOURS
FRICTION:
Types of friction, Laws of static friction, Limiting friction, Angle of friction, angle of
repose; Impending motion on horizontal and inclined planes; Wedge friction; Ladder
friction; Numerical problems.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Bhavikatti S.S. ―Elements of Civil Engineering (IV Edition) and Engineering
Mechanics‖, 2/E, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2008
2. Jagadeesh T.R. and Jay Ram, ―Elements of Civil Engineering and Engineering
Mechanics‖, 2/E, Sapana Book House, Bangalore, 2008.
3. Shesh Prakash and Mogaveer, ―Elements of Civil Engineering and Engineering
Mechanics‖, 1/E, PHI learning Private Limited, New Delhi, 2009.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Bansal R. K, ―Engineering Mechanics‖, Laxmi Publications(P) Ltd, New Delhi,
1995
2. Ferdinand P. Beer and E. Russel Johnston Jr., ―Mechanics for Engineers: Statics‖,
8/E,
McGraw-Hill Book Company, New Delhi. 2007
3. Goyal and Raghuvanshi., ―Engineering Mechanics‖, New Edition, PHI learning
Private Limited, New Delhi.
4. Irvingh H Shames, ―Engineering Mechanics‖, 4/E, PHI learning Private Limited,
New Delhi, 2008
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 35
5. Jivan khachane & Ruchishrivasatava, ―Engineering Mechanics‖, Ane‘s Student
Edition, Anne Book India, New Delhi, 2006.
6. Kolhapure B.K., ―Elements of Civil Engineering & Engineering Mechanics‖, 1/E,
EBPB Publications, Belgaum, 2003.
7. Lakshmana Rao, et al., ―Engineering Mechanics - Statics and Dynamics‖, New
Edition, PHI learning Private Limited, 2009.
8. Meriam J. L, and Kraige., L. G , ―Engineering Mechanics‖, 5/E, Volume I, Wiley
India Edition, India, 2009.
9. Nelson, ―Engineering Mechanics‖, New Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Education
Pvt. Ltd, 2009
10. Palanichamy M.S., ―Engineering Mechanics (Statics & Dynamic)‖, 3/E, Tata
McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2008.
11. Sawant H. J, & Nitsure., ―Elements of Civil Engineering (IV Edition) and
Engineering Mechanics‖, New Edition, Technical publications, Pune, India, 2010.
12. Sawhney, ―Engineering Mechanics‖, New Edition, PHI learning Private Limited,
New Delhi, 2008. Timoshenko and Yong, ―Engineering Mechanics‖, 5/E, Tata
McGraw-Hill Book Company, New Delhi, 2007.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 36
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS EG 135
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION: Provides basic knowledge about Orthographic projections, Projections of points,
Projection of lines, Projection of Planes and Projection of Solids, development of
Surfaces & isometric projections & also helps students learn Solid Edge.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To draw and interpret various projections of 1D, 2D and 3D objects..
To prepare and interpret the drawings.
Hands on training in Solid Edge.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Working
UNIT - I 6 Hours
Introduction to Computer Aided Sketching:
Introduction, Drawing Instruments and their uses, BIS conventions, Lettering,
Dimensioning and free hand practicing. Computer screen, layout of the software,
standard tool bar/menus and description of most commonly used tool bars, navigational
tools. Co-ordinate system and reference planes. Definitions of HP, VP, RPP & LPP.
Creation of 2D/3D environment. Selection of drawing size and scale. Commands and
creation of Lines, Co-ordinate points, axes, poly-lines, square, rectangle, polygons,
splines, circles, ellipse, text, move, copy, off-set, mirror, rotate, trim, extend, break,
chamfer, fillet, curves, constraints viz. tangency, parallelism, inclination and
perpendicularity. Dimensioning, line conventions, material conventions and lettering
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 37
UNIT – II 15 Hours
Orthogonal Projections:
Introduction, Definitions - Planes of projection, reference line and conventions employed,
Projections of points in all the four quadrants, Projections of straight lines (located in
First quadrant/first angle only), True and apparent lengths, True and apparent inclinations
to reference planes (No application problems).
UNIT – III 15 Hours
Orthographic Projections of Plane Surfaces (First Angle Projection Only)
Introduction, Definitions – projections of plane surfaces – triangle, square, rectangle,
rhombus, pentagon, hexagon and circle, planes in different positions by change of
position method only (No problems on punched plates and composite plates)
UNIT – IV 18 Hours
PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS:
Introduction, Definitions – Projections of right regular tetrahedron, hexahedron (cube),
prisms, pyramids, cylinders and cones in different positions. (No problems on
octahedrons and combination solid) 4. Projections of Solids: 18 Hrs
UNIT – V 15 Hours
SECTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES OF SOLIDS:
Introduction, Section planes, Sections, Section views, Sectional views, Apparent shapes
and True shapes of Sections of right regular prisms, pyramids, cylinders and cones
resting with base on HP. (No problems on sections of solids) Development of lateral
surfaces of above solids, their frustums and truncations. (No problems on lateral surfaces
of trays, tetrahedrons, spheres and transition pieces).
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 38
UNIT – VI 15 Hours
ISOMETRIC PROJECTION (USING ISOMETRIC SCALE ONLY):
Introduction, Isometric scale, Isometric projection of simple plane figures, Isometric
projection of tetrahedron, hexahedron(cube), right regular prisms, pyramids, cylinders,
cones, spheres, cut spheres and combination of solids (Maximum of three solids).
BIBILOGRAPHY
TEXT BOOKS:
1. K.R. Gopalakrishna, ―Engineering Graphics‖, 15th Edition, Subash Publishers
Bangalore.
2. Basant Agrawal, C. M. Agrawal, ―Engineering Drawing‖, TMH.
3. N.D. Bhatt, ―Engineering Graphics, Elementary Engineering Drawing‖, 48th
Edition,
Charotar
Publishing House, 2005.
4. S. Trymbaka Murthy, ―Computer Aided Engineering Drawing‖, I.K. International
Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. P. J. Shah, ―A Text Book og Engineering Graphics‖, S. Chand & Company Ltd., New
Delhi
6. Arunoday Kumar, ―Engineering Graphics – I and II‖, Tech – Max Publication, Pune.
7. T. Jeyapoovan, ―Engineering Drawing & Graphics using Auro CAD 2000‖, Vikas
Publishing
Hoise Pvt. Ltd. , New Delhi.
8. R. K. Dhawan, ―A Text Book of Engineering Drawing‖, by S. Chand & Company
Ltd., New Delhi.
9. P. S. Gill, ―A Text Book of Engineering Drawing‖, S K Kataria & sons, Delhi.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 39
10. D. A. Jolhe, ―Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to Auto CAD‖, D. A. Jolhe
Tata
McGraw – Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
11. S. Trymbaka Murthy, ―Computer Aided Engineering Drawing‖, I.K. International
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 40
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT–I PD136
(Common for all branches)
AIM
The aim of the course is to develop effective oral and written business and
executive communication skills and negotiation strategies of the students and also in the
areas of boundary value problems and transform techniques.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course the students would
Be capable of an acceptable level of oral and written communication.
Be able to make effective presentations.
Be able to apply negotiation strategies
Be able to use technology advancements in communication.
EXECUTIVE AND BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
PART A – BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
UNIT 1 5 Hours
Introduction: Role of communication – defining and classifying communication –
purpose of communication – process of communication – characteristics of successful
communication – importance of communication in management – communication
structure in organization – communication in crisis
UNIT 2 5 Hours
Oral communication: What is oral Communication – principles of successful oral
communication – barriers to communication – what is conversation control – reflection
and empathy: two sides of effective oral communication – effective listening – non –
verbal communication
UNIT 3 9 Hours
Written communication: Functional English Grammar, Purpose of writing – clarity in
writing – Vocabulary – commonly confused and misused words, principles of effective
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 41
writing – approaching the writing process systematically: The 3X3 writing process for
business communication: Pre writing – Writing – Revising – Specific writing features –
coherence – electronic writing process.
UNIT 4 6 Hours
Business letters and reports: Introduction to business letters – writing routine and
persuasive letters – positive and negative messages- writing memos – what is a report
purpose, kinds and objectives of reports- writing reports
UNIT 5 6 Hours
Case method of learning: Understanding the case method of learning – different types
of cases – overcoming the difficulties of the case method – reading a case properly
(previewing, skimming, reading, scanning) – case analysis approaches (systems,
Behavioural, decision, strategy) – analyzing the case – dos and don‘ts for case
preparation
UNIT 6 8 Hours
Presentation skills: What is a presentation – elements of presentation – designing a
presentation. Advanced visual support for business presentation- types of visual aid
Negotiations skills: What is negotiations – nature and need for negotiation – factors
affecting negotiation – stages of negotiation process – negotiation strategies
UNIT 7 6 Hours
Employment communication: Introduction – writing CVs – Group discussions –
interview skills
Impact of Technological Advancement on Business Communication
Communication networks – Intranet – Internet – e mails – SMS – teleconferencing –
videoconferencing
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 42
PART –B EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATION
UNIT 8 7 Hours
Group communication: Meetings – Planning meetings – objectives – participants –
timing – venue of meetings – leading meetings.
Media management – the press release- press conference – media interviews
Seminars – workshop – conferences.
Business etiquettes.
UNIT 9 8 Hours
Harnessing Potential & Developing Competencies in the areas of : Leadership Skills,
Body Language, Phonetics, Stress, Rhythm, Voice & Intonation, Eye Contact,
Understanding Personal Space, Team Building, Motivational Skills, Assertiveness
Communication Skills, Active Listening, Lateral & Creative Thinking, Cross Cultural
Communication, Conflict Resolution, Time Management, Stress Management, Selling
Skills & Customer Relationship Management, Appropriate Humour at the Workplace.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Business Communication : Concepts, Cases And Applications – P D Chaturvedi,
Mukesh Chaturvedi Pearson Education, 1/e, 2004 (UNIT 1, 2, 4, 5, & 7 )
2. Business Communication, Process And Product – Mary Ellen Guffey – Thomson
Learning , 3/E, 2002 (UNIT 3)
3. Basic Business Communication – Lesikar, Flatley TMH 10/E, 2005 (UNIT 1, 2,
4, 5, & 7)
4. Advanced Business Communication – Penrose, Rasberry, Myers Thomson
Learning, 4/e, 2002 (UNIT 6 & 8)
5. Business Communication, M.K. Sehgal & V. Khetrapal, Excel Books.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 43
6. Effective Technical Communication By M Ashraf Rizvi .- TMH, 2005
7. Business Communication Today by Bovee Thill Schatzman – Pearson &
Education, 7th Ed, , 2003
8. Contemporary Business Communication - Scot Ober-Biztanntra, 5/e
9. Business Communication – Krizan, Merrier, Jones- Thomson Learning, 6/e, 2005
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 44
HOLISTIC EDUCATION HE 171
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains three units which are Introduction to Life skills, Personal skills, Inter-
personal Skills and Societal Skills. This paper aims at enabling the students to various
skills in life.
PAPER OBJECTIVE:
Holistic development of the individual adult in every student
Knowing life and its principles
Broadening the outlook to life
Training to face the challenges of life
Confidence creation and personality development
Emotional control and stress management
Creating awareness on duties, rights and obligations as member of the Society
Realizing Personal Freedom-its limits and limitations
Developing the attitude to be a contributor and giver
Realizing the real happiness in life
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic
1. INTRODUCTION TO LIFE SKILLS (I Semester) 4 Hours
2. PERSONAL SKILLS
Creative thinking and Problem solving (I Semester)
Critical thinking and Decision making(I Semester)
Study skills and Time management(II Semester)
Health (II Semester)
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 45
3. INTER-PERSONAL SKILLS 4 Hours
Non verbal Communication(I Semester)
Empathy and active listening(I Semester)
Assertiveness Training (II Semester)
Conflict Management(II Semester)
4. SOCIETAL SKILLS 4 Hours
Human Rights(I Semester)
Civil Society and Civic sense(I Semester)
Equality and Justice(II Semester)
Gender Sensation(II Semester)
TEXT BOOK: Holistic Education by Christ College publication, Bangalore-560029
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 46
ENGINEERING PHYSICS LABORATORY PH 151
(Common for all branches)
SUBJECT DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains twelve experiments and aims at enabling the students to Practical
Engineering Physics.
SUBJECT OBJECTIVES:
To develop scientific and experimental skills of the students
To correlate the theoretical principles with application based studies.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic/working (Any 8 only)
1. Planck‘s Constant (Determination of Planck‘s constant using LED or using the
principle of photoelectric effect)
2. Verification of Stefan‘s law
3. Thermal Conductivity of a bad conductor – Lee‘s disc apparatus.
4. Determination of Fermi Energy
5. Young‘s modulus – Non-uniform bending/Strain gauge/Travelling Microscope
6. Measurement of Dielectric Constant( Charging & discharging of capacitor)
7. Interference at a wedge.
8. Laser Diffraction (Determination of grating constant and number of rulings per
inch using diffraction grating)
9. Ultrasonic Interferometer.
10. Frequency determination – Melde‘s apparatus
11. Magnetic properties (B-H Graph Method...........[Demo]
12. Particle size determination – Laser diffraction method...........[Demo]
Text Books:
1. Sathyaseelan H, “Laboratory Manual in Applied Physics”, New Age
International, 3rd
Edition, 2012.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 47
2. B.L.Worsnop and H.T.Flint, Advanced Practical Physics for Students, Methuen
and Co., London, 9th Edition, 1957.
Reference Book:
1. Engineering Physics Laboratory Manual for the First / Second Semester,
Department of Physics, R.V. College of Engineering, 2011.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 48
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY EE 152
SUBJECT DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains twelve experiments and aims at enabling the students to learn the
concepts of electric circuits, machines, wiring, basic appliances, safety issues etc
pertaining to Electrical engineering.
SUBJECT OBJECTIVES:
To develop scientific and experimental skills of the students
To correlate the theoretical principles with application based studies.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Familiarization with Electrical Symbols, tools and materials.
2. Verification of Ohm‘s law.
3. Verification of Kirchhoff‘s Circuit laws. (KVL, KCL)
4. Two way control of lamp & Fluorescent Lamp
5. Two Way Plus Intermediate Switching Control Of Lamp And Fluorescent Lamp
6. Two Way Plus Intermediate Switching 3-Wire Control Of Lamp And Fluorescent
Lamp
7. Measurement Of Single Phase Ac Power using RL Load
8. Measurement Of Power Factor Using Fluorescent Lamp
9. Error Calculations In Single Phase Energy Meter
10. O.C & S.C Tests On 1-φ Transformer.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Nagasarkar T. K. & Sukhija M. S., ―Basic Electrical Engineering‖, OUP 2005
2. Kothari D. P. & Nagarath I. J, ―Basic Electrical Technology‖, TMH 2004
3. Rajendra Prasad, ―Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering‖, Prentice Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd., 2005
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 49
MATHEMATICS – II MA 231
Paper Description:
This paper contains five units which are Analytical Geometry in three dimensions,
Differential Calculus, Multiple integrals, Differential Equation of higher order and
Laplace transformation and its Inverse with Vector integration. This paper aims at
enabling the students to study the application of integration to various fields along with
the different techniques to solve higher order linear differential equation.
Paper objectives:
Mathematics is a necessary avenue to scientific knowledge which opens new vistas of
mental activity. A sound knowledge of engineering mathematics is a ‗sine qua non‘ for
the modern engineer to attain new heights in all aspects of engineering practice. This
course provides the student with plentiful opportunities to work with and apply the
concepts, and to build skills and experience in mathematical reasoning and engineering
problem solving.
UNIT –I: Analytical Geometry in three dimensions 10 Hours
Direction cosines and direction ratios. Planes, Straight lines, Angle between planes /
straight lines, Coplanar lines. Shortest distance between two skew lines
UNIT – II: Differential Calculus – II 10 Hours
Polar curves and angle between Polar curves. Pedal equations of polar curves, Radius of
curvature – Cartesian, parametric, polar and pedal forms.
UNIT –III: Integral Calculus – II 12 Hours
Double integrals, Cartesian and polar co – ordinates, change of order of integration,
change of variables between cartesian and polar co – ordinates, triple integration, area as
a double integral, volume as a triple integral
UNIT –IV: Differential Equations - II and Vector Calculus – II 14 Hours
Linear differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients.
Method of undetermined coefficients. Method of variation of parameters.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 50
Vector Integration - Green‘s theorem in a plane, Gauss‘s divergence theorems, Stoke‘s,
(without proof) and simple application.
UNIT -V: Laplace Transforms 14 Hours
Definition - Transforms of elementary functions. Derivatives and integrals of transforms-
Problems. Periodic function. Unit step function and unit impulse function Inverse
transforms – Properties. Solutions of linear differential equations
TEXT BOOKS
1. Dr. B. S. Grewal, ―Higher Engineering Mathematics‖, 39th Edition, Khanna
Publishers, July 2005.
2. K. A. Stroud, ―Engineering Mathematics‖, 5th Edition, Industrial Press, 2001.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Erwin Kreyszig, ―Advanced Engineering Mathematics‖, 8th Edition, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc, 2005
2. Thomas and Finney, ―Calculus‖, 9th Edition, Pearson Education, 2004
3. Peter V. O‘Neil, ―Advanced Engineering Mathematics‖, Thomson Publication,
Canada, 2007
4. B. V. Ramana, ―Higher Engineering Mathematics‖, Tata McGraw – Hill, 2009.
5. George F. Simmons and Steven G. Krantz, ―Differential Equation, Theory,
Technique and Practice‖, Tata McGraw – Hill, 2006.
6. M. D. Raisinghania, ―Ordinary and Partial Differential Equation‖, Chand (S.) &
Co. Ltd., India, March 17, 2005.
7. H. K. Das & Rajnish Verma, ―Higher Engineering Mathematics‖, S. Chand &
Company Ltd., 2011.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 51
ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY CH 232
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains five units which are Chemical Energy Sources, Solar Energy,
Electrochemical Energy
Systems, Conversion and Storage of Electrochemical Energy Systems, Corrosion of
Science and Control. Metal
finishing and Electroless plating, Liquid Crystals and their Applications, High polymers
and Water Technology
This paper aims at enabling the students to know various energy sources. Corrosion and
its control metal finishing
and method of plating, crystals and their applications, types of polymers and water
technology covered in this
paper.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
1. To familiarise the students on application oriented themes like the chemistry of
materials used in engineering discipline
2. To focus the students on the chemistry of compounds resulting from pollution,
waste generation and environmental degradation and to apply the knowledge in
solving these current environmental problems effectively.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic
UNIT – I: CHEMICAL ENERGY SOURCES 9 Hours
Introduction to energy; Fuels - definition, classification, importance of hydrocarbons as
fuels; Calorific value-definition, Gross and Net calorific values (SI units). Determination
of calorific value of a solid / liquid fuel using Bomb calorimeter. Petroleum cracking-
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INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 52
fluidised catalytic cracking. Reformation of petrol. Knocking - mechanism, octane
number, cetane number, prevention of knocking, anti-knocking agents, unleaded petrol;
synthetic petrol – Bergius process and Fischer Tropsch process; power alcohol. Solar
Energy : Photovoltaic cells- Introduction, definition, importance, working of a PV cell;
solar grade silicon, physical and chemical properties of silicon relevant to photovoltaics,
production of solar grade (crystalline) silicon and doping of silicon.
UNIT – II: ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS (ELECTRODE
POTENTIALAND CELLS) 7 Hours
Single electrode potential-definition, origin, sign conventions. Derivation of Nernst
equation. Standard electrode potential l-definition. Construction of Galvanic cell–
classification - primary, secondary and concentration cells, EMF of a cell–definition,
notation and conventions. Reference electrodes–calomel electrode, Ag/AgCl electrode.
Measurement of single electrode potential. Numerical problems on electrode potential
and EMF. Ion-selective electrode- glass electrode, determination of pH using glass
electrode
CONVERSION AND STORAGE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL
ENERGYBATTERY TECHNOLOGY 7 Hours
Batteries-Basic concepts, battery characteristics. Classification of batteries–primary,
secondary and reserve batteries. Classical Batteries–Construction working and
applications of Zn–air, Nickel-Metal hydride and Lithium-MnO2 batteries, Fuel Cells -
Introduction, types of fuel cells-Alkaline, Phosphoric acid and Molten carbonate fuel
cells. Solid polymer electrolyte and solid oxide fuel cells. Construction and working of
H2O2and Methanol-Oxygen fuel cell
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UNIT – III: CORROSION SCIENCE 7 Hours
Corrosion - definition, Chemical corrosion and Electro-chemical theory of corrosion,
Types of corrosion, Differential metal corrosion, Differential aeration corrosion (pitting
and water line corrosion), Stress corrosion. Factors affecting the rate of corrosion,
Corrosion control: Inorganic coatings – Anodizing and Phosphating, Metal coatings –
Galvanization and Tinning, Corrosion Inhibitors, Cathodic and Anodic protection
METAL FINISHING 7 Hours
Technological importance of metal finishing. Significance of polarization, decomposition
potential and over-voltage in electroplating processes. Electroplating – Process, Effect of
plating variables on the nature of electro deposit, surface preparation and electroplating
of Cr and Au. Electroless Plating, Distinction between electroplating and electroless
plating, advantages of electroless plating. Electroless plating of copper on PCB and
Nickel
UNIT – IV LIQUID CRYSTALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS: 6 Hours
Introduction, classification-Thermotropic and Lyotropic with examples. Types of
mesophases- nematic, chiral nematic (cholesteric), smectic and columnar. Homologues
series (PAA and MBBA); Applications of liquid crystals in display systems
HIGH POLYMERS: 7 Hours
Definition, Classification - Natural and synthetic with examples. Polymerization –
definition, types of polymerization – Addition and Condensation with examples.
Mechanism of polymerization - free radical mechanism (ethylene as an example),
Methods of polymerization - bulk, solution, suspension and emulsion polymerization.
Glass transition temperature, structure and property relationship. Compounding of resins.
Synthesis, properties and applications of Teflon. PMMA, Polyurethane and Phenol –
formaldehyde resin. Elastomers - Deficiencies of natural rubber and advantages of
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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synthetic rubber. Synthesis and application of Neoprene, Butyl rubber. Adhesives-
Manufacture and applications of Epoxy resins. Conducting polymers - definition,
mechanism of conduction in polyacetylene. Structure and applications of conducting
Polyaniline
UNIT – V WATER TECHNOLOGY: 7 Hours
Impurities in water, Water analysis - Determination of different constituents in water -
Hardness, Alkalinity, Chloride, Fluoride, Nitrate, Sulphate and Dissolved Oxygen.
Numerical problems on hardness and alkalinity. Biochemical Oxygen Demand and
Chemical Oxygen Demand. Numerical problems on BOD and COD. Sewage treatment.
Potable water, purification of water - Flash evaporation, Electro dialysis and Reverse
Osmosis. Hazardous chemicals with ill effects
INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS: 2 HOURS
Theory, Instrumentation and Applications of Colorimetry, Potentiometry, Conductometry
BIBILOGRAPHY
TEXT BOOKS
1. Dr. B.S. Jai Prakash, ―Chemistry for Engineering Students‖, Subhas Stores,
Bangalore,
Revised Edition 2009
2. M. M. Uppal, ―Engineering Chemistry‖, Khanna Publishers, Sixth Edition, 2001
3. Jain and Jain, ―A text Book of Engineering Chemistry‖, S. Chand & Company
Ltd. New
Delhi, 2009
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INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 55
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Alkins P.W. ―physical chemistry‖ ELBS IV edition 1998, London
2. F. W. Billmeyer, ―Text Book of Polymer Science‖, John Wiley & Sons, 1994
3. G. W. Gray and P. A. Winsor, ―Liquid crystals and plastic crystals‖, Vol - I, Ellis
Horwood series in Physical Chemistry, New York. (P. No. 106-142)
4. M. G. Fontana, ―Corrosion Engineering‖, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publications 1994.
5. Stanley E. Manahan, ―Environmental Chemistry‖, Lewis Publishers, 2000
6. B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma & M. S. Pathania, ‖Principles of Physical Chemistry‖, S.
Nagin Chand & Co., 33rd
Ed.,1992
7. Kuriakose J.C. and Rajaram J. ― Chemistry in Engineering and Technology‖ Vol I
& II, Tata Mc Graw – Hill Publications Co Ltd, NewDelhi, 1996.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 56
BASIC ELECTRONICS EC 233
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
The course aims to develop the skills of the students in the areas of electronics by
learning fundamentals. This will be necessary for their effective studies in a large
number of engineering subjects like Electronics circuits and devices, Digital
Electronics, communication systems. The course will also serve as a prerequisite
for post graduate and specialized studies and research.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To impart basic knowledge about electronic and digital systems
To give basic ideas about various communication systems
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic
UNIT – I:
Introduction to semiconductors and basic diode theory 9 + 3 Hours
Sampling theorem, Conductors, semiconductors and insulators, Intrinsic and Extrinsic
semiconductors, Flow of charge carriers in a semiconductor, Mass Action Law, energy
levels and barrier potential, PN junction as a diode, Unbiased diode, forward bias diode,
reverse bias, VI characteristics of a diode, Variation of diode parameters with
temperature. Ideal diodes, diode approximations, resistance of a diode, Load lines,
comparison between Silicon and Germanium
UNIT – II:
Semiconductor diode applications 9 + 3 Hours
Half-wave rectifier, ripple factor and efficiency, Full-wave and bridge rectifier, ripple
factor and efficiency, Peak inverse voltage, working of capacitor input filter,
Approximate analysis of capacitor filter, Zener diode characteristics, Zener and
Avalanche breakdown, Zener diode voltage regulator, power supply performance,
Clipper and Clamper.
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UNIT – III :
Bipolar Junction Transistors 9 + 3 Hours
Bipolar junction transistor, transistor voltages and currents, Unbiased transistor, Biased
transistor, Transistor configurations- CB, CE, CC, DC load line Base Bias, Collector to
Base Bias, Voltage divider Bias, Comparison of basic bias circuits, Bias circuit design,
Comparison of basic bias circuits.
UNIT – IV :
Introduction to Operational Amplifiers & Oscillators 9 + 3 Hours
Block diagram, Op-amp transfer characteristics, Basic Op-amp parameters and its value
for IC 741- offset voltage and current, input and output impedance, Gain, slew rate,
bandwidth, CMRR, Concept of negative feedback, Inverting and Non-inverting
amplifiers, Summing Amplifier, Subtractor, integration, differentiation, Voltage follower,
Introduction to Oscillators, the Barkhausen Criterion for Oscillations, Applications of
Oscillator
UNIT – V :
Digital Electronics 9 + 3 Hours
Introduction, decimal system, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal number systems, addition
and subtraction, fractional number, Binary Coded Decimal numbers. Boolean algebra,
Logic gates, Half-adder, Full-adder, Parallel Binary adder.
BIBILOGRAPHY:
TEST BOOKS:
1. "Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory", 3rd Edition, Robert L Boylestad &
Louis Nashelsky
2. Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, 2nd Edition, L S Bobrow
3. Albert Malvino, David. J. Bates, ―Electronic Principles‖, 7th Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2007
4. Morris Mano, ―Digital Logic and Computer Design‖, PHI, EEE
5. "Digital Design", John F Wakerly
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 58
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Jacob Millman, Christos C. Halkias―Electronic Devices and Circuits‖, TMH, 1991
Reprint 2001
2. David. A. Bell, ―Electronic Devices and Circuits‖, PHI, New Delhi, 2004
3. Albert Paul Malvino, Donald P Leach, Goutamsaha, ―Digital Principles and
applications‖, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2007.
4. Roy Choudhary and Shail Jain, ―Linear Integrated Circuits‖,ThirdEdition,New Age
international Publishers,2007
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 59
PROBLEM SOLVING AND PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS CS 234
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains five units which gives the programming concepts of C Language.
This paper aims at enabling the students to learn C programming Language in detail.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
1. To develop skill in problem solving concepts through learning C programming.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic
Unit – I: 12 Hours
Algorithms and Flowcharts:
Algorithms, Flowcharts, Divide and conquer strategy. Examples on algorithms and
flowcharts.
Constants, Variables, and Data types: Characters set, C tokens, Keywords and Identifiers,
Constants, Variables, Data types, Declaration of variables.
Operators and Expressions:
Arithmetic operators, Relational operators, Logical operators, Assignment operators,
Increment and Decrement operators, Conditional operator, Bitwise operators, Special
operators, Arithmetic expressions, Evaluation of expressions, Precedence of Arithmetic
operators, Type conversions in expressions, Operator precedence and associatively.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 60
Unit – II: 12 Hours
Managing Input and Output Operations:
Reading a character, writing a character, Formatted Input, Formatted Output
Decision making and Branching:
Decision making with if statement, Simple if statement, The if…else statement, Nesting
of if…else statements, The else … if ladder, The switch statement, The ?: operator, The
Goto statement
Looping:
The while statement, The do statement, The for statement, Jumps in Loops
Unit – III: 13 Hours
Arrays:
One-dimensional Arrays, Declaration of one-dimensional Arrays, Initialization of one-
dimensional Arrays, Two-dimensional Arrays, Initializing two-dimensional Arrays.
User-defined Functions:
Need for User-defined Functions, A multi-function Program, Elements of user - defined
Functions, Definition of Functions, Return Values and their types, Function Calls,
Function Declaration, Category of Functions, No Arguments and no Return Values,
Arguments but no Return Values, Arguments with Return Values, No Argument but
Returns a Value, Functions that Return Multiple Values.
Unit – IV: 10 Hours
Pointers:
Understanding the pointers, Accessing the Address of a Variable, Declaring Pointer
Variables, Initialization of Pointer Variables, Accessing a Variable through its Pointer,
Pointer Expressions, Pointer Increments and Scale Factor, Pointers and Arrays, Pointers
and Character Strings, Pointers as Function Arguments, Functions Returning Pointers.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 61
Unit – V: 13 Hours
Strings, Structure, Union, Files:
Strings: String concepts, C strings, String I/O functions, Array of strings, String
manipulation function, Memory formatting, Derived types-Enumerated, Structure, and
Union: The type definition, Enumerated types, Structure, Accessing structures, Complex
structures, Array of structures, Structures and functions, Union , Files: Classification of
Files, Standard Library Functions for Files
BIBILOGRAPHY:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Deitel and Deitel, "C How to Program", Prentice Hall 2010.
2. Anil Bikas Chaudhuri, "The Art of Programming through Flowcharts and
Algorithms", Firewall Media.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Computer Science, ITL Education Solutions Ltd., Pearson
Education, 2007.
2. E. Balagurusamy, ―Programming in ANSI C‖, Tata McGraw Hill – III Edition.
3. V. Rajaraman, ―Fundamentals of Computers‖, 4th Edition, PHI 2005.
4. M. G. V. Murthy, ―Programming Techniques through C‖, Pearson Education,
2007.
5. Yashvant Kanetkar, ―Let Us C‖, BPB Publications - 8th Edition, 2008.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 62
ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME 235
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
Mechanical Engineering basically deals with three basic concepts Design engineering,
Thermal engineering & Manufacturing engineering, this subject ELEMENTS OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING gives the basic insight of theoretically knowledge of
these aspects.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To familiarize with
(i) The Source of Energy and Power Generation.
(ii) The various metal processing and metal working.
(iii)The Basic theory of machine tools.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic
UNIT – I: 9 Hours
Energy and Steam Forms:
Sources and Classification of energy, Utilization of energy with simple block diagrams,
Steam formation. Types of steam, Steam properties – Specific Volume, Enthalpy and Internal
energy. (simple numerical problems) Steam boilers classification, Lancashire boiler, Babcock
and Wilcox boiler mountings, accessories, their locations and application. (No sketches for
mountings and accessories).
UNIT-II 16 Hours
TURBINES:
Steam turbines–Classification, Principle of operation of Impulse and reaction. Delaval‘s
turbine, Parson‘s turbine. Compounding of Impulse turbines. Gas turbines –
Classification, Working principles and Operations of Open cycle and Closed cycle gas
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turbines. Water turbines –Classification, Principles and operations of Pelton wheel,
Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES:
Classification, I.C. Engines parts, 2/4 – Stroke Petrol and 4-stroke diesel engines. P-V
diagrams of Otto and Diesel cycles. Simple problems on indicated power, brake power,
indicated thermal efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency and specific
fuel consumption.
UNIT – III: 9 Hours
REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING:
Refrigerants, properties of refrigerants, list of commonly used refrigerants. Refrigeration
- Definitions - Refrigerating effect, Ton of Refrigeration, Ice making capacity, COP,
Relative COP, Unit of Refrigeration. Principle and working of vapor compression
refrigeration and vapor absorption refrigeration. Principles and applications of air
conditioners, Room air conditioner
UNIT – IV: 16 Hours
LATHE AND DRILLING:
Machines Lathe - Principle of working of a Centre Lathe. Parts of a lathe. Operations on
lathe - Turning, Facing, Knurling, Thread Cutting, Drilling, Taper Turning by Tailstock
offset method and Compound slide swiveling method. Specification of Lathe.
Drilling Machine – Principle of working and classification of Drilling Machines. Bench
Drilling Machine, Radial Drilling Machine. Operations on Drilling Machine - Drilling,
Boring, Reaming, Tapping, Counter Sinking, Counter Boring and Spot facing.
Specification of radial drilling machine.
MILLING AND GRINDING MACHINES:
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Milling Machine – Principle of Milling, Types of Milling Machines. Principle &
Working of Horizontal and Vertical Milling Machines. Milling Processes - Plane Milling,
End Milling, Slot Milling, Angular Milling, Form Milling, Straddle Milling and Gang
Milling. Specification of Universal Milling Machine.
Grinding Machine – Principle and classification of Grinding Machines. Abrasives -
Definition, types and Applications. Bonding Materials. Type of Grinding Machines,
Principle and Working of Surface Grinding, Cylindrical Grinding and Centerless
Grinding.
UNIT – V: 10 Hours
JOINING PROCESSES, LUBRICATION AND BEARINGS:
Soldering, Brazing and Welding, Definitions. Classification and method of Soldering,
Brazing and Welding and Differences. Brief Description of Arc Welding and Oxy -
Acetylene Welding Lubrication and Bearings Lubricants - Classification and properties.
Screw cap, Tell - Tale, Drop feed, Wick feed and Needle Lubricators. Ring, Splash and
Full pressure lubrication. Classification of Bearings, Bushed bearing, Pedestal bearing,
Pivot bearing, Collar Bearings and Antifriction Bearings.
POWER TRANSMISSION: Belt Drives - Classification and applications, Derivations
on Length of belt. Definitions - Velocity ratio, Creep and slip, Idler pulley, stepped pulley
and fast & loose pulley. Gears - Definitions, Terminology, types and uses. Gear Drives
and Gear Trains – Definitions and classifications, Simple problems.
BIBILOGRAPHY:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. K.R. Gopalkrishna, ―A text Book of Elements of Mechanical
Engineering‖, Subhash Publishers, Bangalore.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 65
2. S. Trymbaka Murthy, ―A Text Book of Elements of Mechanical
Engineering‖, 3rd
revised edition,I .K. International Publishing House
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2010.
3. Dr. R. P. Reddy, N. Kapilan, ―Elements of Mechanical Engineering‖, 1st
Edition, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. SKH Chowdhary, AKH Chowdhary, Nirjhar Roy, ―The Elements of
Workshop Technology‖, Vol. I & II, Media Promotors and Publishers,
Mumbai.
2. Ghosh Mallik, ―Manufacturing Technology‖, TMH. HMT, Production
Technology, TMH
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 66
HOLISTIC EDUCATION HE 271
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains three units which are Introduction to Life skills, Personal skills, Inter-
personal Skills and Societal Skills. This paper aims at enabling the students to various
skills in life.
PAPER OBJECTIVE:
Holistic development of the individual adult in every student
Knowing life and its principles
Broadening the outlook to life
Training to face the challenges of life
Confidence creation and personality development
Emotional control and stress management
Creating awareness on duties, rights and obligations as member of the Society
Realizing Personal Freedom-its limits and limitations
Developing the attitude to be a contributor and giver
Realizing the real happiness in life
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic
1. INTRODUCTION TO LIFE SKILLS (I Semester) 4 Hours
2. PERSONAL SKILLS
Creative thinking and Problem solving (I Semester)
Critical thinking and Decision making(I Semester)
Study skills and Time management(II Semester)
Health (II Semester)
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3. INTER-PERSONAL SKILLS 4 Hours
Non verbal Communication(I Semester)
Empathy and active listening(I Semester)
Assertiveness Training (II Semester)
Conflict Management(II Semester)
4. SOCIETAL SKILLS 4 Hours
Human Rights(I Semester)
Civil Society and Civic sense(I Semester)
Equality and Justice(II Semester)
Gender Sensation(II Semester)
TEXT BOOK: Holistic Education by Christ College publication, Bangalore-560029
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 68
WORKSHOP PRACTICE ME 251
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper provides working knowledge of fitting welding, sheet metal and carpentary.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To provide the students with the hands on experience on different trades of engineering
like fitting, welding, carpentary & sheet metal.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Working
1. Fitting
a) Study of fitting tools
b) Study of fitting operations & joints
c) Minimum 5 models involving rectangular, triangular, semi circular and dovetail
joints.
2. Welding
d) Study of electric arc welding tools & equipments
e) Minimum 4 Models - electric arc welding - Butt joint, Lap joint, T joint & L joint.
3. Sheet metal
f) Study of development of surfaces
g) Minimum 03 models ( Tray,Funnel,Cone)
4. Study and demonstration of Carpentry tools, joints and operations.
TEXT BOOK:
S. K. H. Choudhury, A. K. H. Choudhury, Nirjhar Roy, ―The Elements of Workshop
Technology‖, Vol 1 & 2, Media Publishers, Mumbai
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 69
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LABORATORY CS 252
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
Paper contains the programs which include Operations in C, Loop Control Structures, and
Function sand file handling methods. This paper aims at enabling the students to know
fundamentals of computer concepts and C programming.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To impart the basic concepts of computer and information technology
To develop skill in problem solving concepts through learning C programming in
practical approach.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic/working
PART- A
1. Write a C program to find and output all the roots of a given quadratic equation,
for non-zero coefficients. (Using if…else statement)
2. Write a C program to simulate a simple calculator that performs arithmetic
operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division only on integers.
Error message should be reported, if any attempt is made to divide by zero.
(Using switch statement)
3. Write a C program to generate and print first ‗N‘ Fibonacci numbers. (Using
looping constructs)
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4. Write a C program to find the GCD and LCM of two integers and output the
results along with the given integers. Use Euclid‘s algorithm. (Using looping
constructs)
5. Write a C program to reverse a given four digit integer number and check whether
it is a palindrome or not. Output the given number with suitable message. (Using
looping constructs)
6. Write a C program to find whether a given number is prime or not. Output the
given number with suitable message. (Using looping constructs)
PART - B
7. Write a C program to input N real numbers in into a single dimension array.
Conduct linear search for a given key integer number and report success or failure
in the form of a suitable message.
8. Write a C program to input N integer numbers into a single dimension array. Sort
them in ascending order using bubble sort technique. Print both the given array
and the sorted array with suitable headings.
9. Write a C program to evaluate the given polynomial f(x) = a4x4 +a3x
3 + a2x
2 +
a1x1 + a0 for given value of x and the coefficients using Horner‘s method. (Using
single dimension arrays to store coefficients)
10. Write a C program to input N real numbers in ascending order into a single
dimension array. Conduct a binary search for a given key integer number and
report success or failure in the form of a suitable message.
11. Write a C program to input N integer numbers into a single dimension array. Sort
them in ascending order using bubble sort technique. Print both the given array
and the sorted array with suitable headings.
12. Write C user defined functions
i. To input N real numbers into a single dimension array.
ii. Compute their mean.
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iii. Compute their variance
iv. Compute their standard deviation.
Using these functions, write a C program to input N real numbers into a single
dimension array, and compute their mean, variance & standard deviation. Output
the computed results with suitable headings.
13. Write C user defined functions
i. To read the elements of a given matrix of size M x N.
ii. To print the elements of a given matrix of size M x N.
iii. To compute the product of two matrices.
Using these functions, write a C program to read two matrices A(M x N) and B(P
x Q) and compute the product of A and B after checking compatibility for
multiplication. Output the input matrices and the resultant matrix with suitable
headings and format (Using two dimension arrays)
14. Write a C program to read a matrix A(M x N) and to find the following using user
defined functions:
i. Sum of the elements of the specified row.
ii. Sum of the elements of the specified column.
iii. Sum of all the elements of the matrix.
Output the computed results with suitable headings.
15. Write a C Program to create a sequential file with at least 5records, each record
having USN, name, mark1, mark2, and mark3. Write necessary functions
i. To display all the records in the file.
ii. To search for a specific record based on the USN. In case the record is not
found, suitable message should be displayed. Both the options in this case
must be demonstrated.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 72
ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY LABORATORY CH 253
(Common for all branches)
Paper Description:
This paper contains eleven experiments and aims at enabling the students to Practical
Engineering Chemistry.
Paper objectives:
(i) To equip the students with the working knowledge of chemical principles, nature
and transformation of materials and their applications.
(ii) To develop analytical capabilities of students so that they can understand the role
of chemistry in the field of Engineering and Environmental Sciences
Level of knowledge: Basic/working
(For Examination, one experiment from Part-A and Part-B shall be set. Different
experiments may be set from Part-A and common experiment from Part-B).
PART-A
1. Determination of viscosity coefficient of a given liquid using Ostwald‘s viscometer.
2. Estimation of copper by colorimetric method using spectrophotometer.
3. Conductometric estimation of strength of an acid using standard NaOH solution
4. Determination of pKa value of a weak acid using pH meter.
5. Potentiometric estimation of FAS using standard K2Cr2O7 solution.
PART-B
1. Determination of Total Hardness of a sample of water using disodium salt of EDTA.
2. Determination of Calcium Oxide (CaO) in the given sample of cement by Rapid
EDTA method.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 73
3. Determination of percentage of Copper in brass using standard sodium thiosulphate
solution.
4. Determination of Iron in the given sample of Haematite ore solution using potassium
dichromate crystals by external indication method.
5. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the given industrial waste
Water sample. (for demonstration)
6. Determination of Dissolved Oxygen in the given water sample by Winkler method.
(for demonstration)
Examination – First experiment is a common experiment from Part B. Second
experiment is different, from Part A or Part B.
Reference books:
1. J. Bassett, R.C. Denny, G.H. Jeffery, ―Vogels text book of quantitative inorganic
analysis‖,4th
Edition
2. Sunita and Ratan “Practical Engineering Chemistry”
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 74
SEMESTER III
EC331 MATHEMATICS - III
(ECE, CSE, IT)
Paper Description:
The course aims to develop the skills of the students in the areas of boundary value
problems and transform techniques. This will be necessary for their effective studies in a
large number of engineering subjects like transformation between different coordinate
systems, heat conduction, communication systems, electro-optics and electromagnetic
theory. The course will also serve as a prerequisite for post graduate and specialized
studies and research.
Paper objective:
At the end of the course the students would
Be helpful in understanding the subject Electromagnetic field in a better way.
Be capable of mathematically formulating certain practical problems in terms of
partial differential equations, solve them and physically interpret the results.
Have gained a well founded knowledge of Fourier series, their different possible
forms and the frequently needed practical harmonic analysis that an engineer may
have to make from discrete data.
Have obtained capacity to formulate and identify certain boundary value problems
encountered in engineering practices, decide on applicability of the Fourier series
method of solution, solve them and interpret the results.
Have grasped the concept of expression of a function, under certain conditions, as
a double integral leading to identification of transform pair, and specialization on
Fourier transform pair, their properties, the possible special cases with attention to
their applications.
Have learnt the basics of Z – transform in its applicability to discretely varying
functions, gained the skill to formulate certain problems in terms of difference
equations and solve them using the Z – transform technique bringing out the
elegance of the procedure involved.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 75
UNIT – I: Coordinate Systems 10 Hours
Curvilinear Coordinate System, Gradient, divergent, curl and Laplacian in cylindrical
and Spherical Coordinate system, Cylindrical Coordinates, Spherical Coordinates,
Transformation between systems.
UNIT – II: Partial Differential Equation 12 Hours
Formation of partial differential equations by elimination of arbitrary constants and
arbitrary functions – Solution of standard types of first order partial differential equations
– Lagrange‘s linear equation – Linear partial differential equations of second and higher
order with constant coefficients.
UNIT – III: Fourier Series & Fourier Transform 14 Hours
Fourier series – Odd and even functions – Half range Fourier sine and cosine series –
Complex form of Fourier series – Harmonic Analysis. Discrete Fourier Sine and Cosine
transform
Complex Fourier transform – Sine and Cosine transforms – Properties – Transforms of
simple functions – Convolution theorem – Parseval‘s identity. Solution of equations
using Fourier transform, Limitation of Fourier series and Fourier transform and need for
Wavelet.
UNIT – IV: Boundary Value Problems 12 Hours
Classification of second order quasi linear partial differential equations – Solutions of one
dimensional wave equation – One dimensional heat equation – Two dimensional Laplace
equation – Steady state solution of two-dimensional heat equation (Insulated edges
excluded) – Fourier series solutions in Cartesian coordinates.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 76
UNIT – V: Z – Transform and Difference Equations 12 Hours
Z-transform - Elementary properties – Inverse Z – transform – Convolution theorem -
Formation of difference equations – Solution of difference equations using Z - transform.
TEXT BOOKS
1 Grewal, B.S., ―Higher Engineering Mathematics‖, Thirty Sixth Edition , Khanna
Publishers, Delhi, 2005.
2. Kandasamy, P., Thilagavathy, K., and Gunavathy, K., ―Engineering Mathematics
Volume III‖, S. Chand & Company ltd., New Delhi, 2003.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Erwin Kreyszig, ―Advanced Engineering Mathematics‖, 8th Edition, John Wiley
& Sons,Inc. 2005.
2. Narayanan, S., Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K. and Ramaniah, G., ―Advanced
Mathematics for Engineering Students‖, Volumes II and III, S. Viswanathan
(Printers and Publishers) Pvt. Ltd. Chennai, 2002.
3. Ramana B.V ― Higher Engineering Mathematics‖, Tata McGraw – Hill
Publishing Company.New Delhi, 2009.
4. Churchill, R.V. and Brown, J.W., ―Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems‖,
Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Singapore, 1987.
5. T.Veera Rajan, ―Engineering Mathematics [For Semester III]. Third Edition. Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. New Delhi, 2007.
6. S. L. Loney, ―Plane Trigonometry‖, Cambridge: University Press.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 77
EC332 DATA STRUCTURES
AIM
To provide an in-depth knowledge in problem solving techniques and data structures.
OBJECTIVES
To learn the systematic way of solving problems
To understand the different methods of organizing large amounts of data
To learn to program in C
To efficiently implement the different data structures
To efficiently implement solutions for specific problems
UNIT I PROBLEM SOLVING 9 + 3
Problem solving – Top-down Design – Implementation – Verification – Efficiency –
Analysis – Sample algorithms.
UNIT II LISTS, STACKS AND QUEUES 8 + 3
Abstract Data Type (ADT) – The List ADT – The Stack ADT – The Queue ADT
UNIT III TREES 10 + 3
Preliminaries – Binary Trees – The Search Tree ADT – Binary Search Trees – AVL
Trees – Tree Traversals – Hashing – General Idea – Hash Function – Separate Chaining –
Open Addressing – Linear Probing – Priority Queues (Heaps) – Model – Simple
implementations – Binary Heap
UNIT IV SORTING 9 + 3
Preliminaries – Insertion Sort – Shellsort – Heapsort – Mergesort – Quicksort – External
Sorting
UNIT V GRAPHS 9 + 3
Definitions – Topological Sort – Shortest-Path Algorithms – Unweighted Shortest Paths
– Dijkstra‘s Algorithm – Minimum Spanning Tree – Prim‘s Algorithm – Applications of
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 78
Depth-First Search – Undirected Graphs – Biconnectivity – Introduction to NP-
Completeness
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. R. G. Dromey, ―How to Solve it by Computer‖ (Chaps 1-2), Prentice-Hall of
India, 2002.
2. M. A. Weiss, ―Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C‖, 2nd
edition, Pearson
Education Asia, 2002. (Chapters 3, 4.1-4.4 (except 4.3.6), 4.6, 5.1-5.4.1, 6.1-
6.3.3, 7.1-7.7 (except 7.2.2, 7.4.1, 7.5.1, 7.6.1, 7.7.5, 7.7.6), 7.11, 9.1-9.3.2, 9.5-
9.5.1, 9.6-9.6.2, 9.7)
REFERENCES
1. Y. Langsam, M. J. Augenstein and A. M. Tenenbaum, ―Data Structures using C‖,
Pearson Education Asia, 2004
2. Richard F. Gilberg, Behrouz A. Forouzan, ―Data Structures – A Pseudocode
Approach with C‖, Thomson Brooks / COLE, 1998.
3. Aho, J. E. Hopcroft and J. D. Ullman, ―Data Structures and Algorithms‖, Pearson
education Asia, 1983.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 79
EC333 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I
AIM
The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the principle of operation,
capabilities and limitation of various electron devices so that he will be able to use these
devices effectively.
OBJECTIVE
On completion of this course the student will understand the basics of electron motion in
electric field and magnetic field, and passive circuit components. Mechanisms of current
flow in semi-conductors. Diode operation and switching characteristics. Operation of
BJT, FET, MOSFET, metal semiconductor ohmic contacts, power control devices and
optoelectronic devices. Functions of transducers and the process of IC fabrication.
UNIT I ELECTRON BALLISTICS 9 + 3
Electron Ballistics: Charged particles – Force, field intensity, potential and energy –
Two dimensional motion of electron – Force in magnetic field – Motion in a magnetic
field – parallel and perpendicular electric and magnetic fields – Electrostatic deflection
and Magnetic deflection in a Cathode Ray Tube – Principles and applications of CRO.
UNIT II SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES AND TRANSISTOR 9 + 3
Semiconductor diodes: Carrier life time – Continuity equation – Theory of PN junction
diode – Energy band structure of open circuited PN junction – Quantitative theory of PN
diode currents – Diode current equation – Diode resistance – Transition or space charge
capacitance – Diffusion capacitance – Effect of temperature on PN junction diodes –
Junction diode switching characteristics – Breakdown in PN junction diodes
Small signal models for transistors: Introduction – Two port Devices and Network
parameters – The Hybrid Model for Two port Network
UNIT III FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS and POWER CONTROL
DEVICES 9 + 3
Construction of N-Channel JFET – Operation of N-Channel JFET – Characteristic
parameters of the JFET – Expression for saturation drain current – Slope of the transfer
characteristics at IDSS – Comparison of JFET and BJT – Applications of JFET – Metal
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 80
oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) – Enhancement MOSFET –
Depletion MOSFET – Comparison of MOSFET with JFET – Handling precautions for
MOSFET – Comparison of N-with P-Channel MOSFETs – Comparison of N-with P-
Channel
Power control devices: PNPN diode (Shockley diode) – SCR – Thyristor ratings –
LASCR (Light Activated SCR) – TRIAC – DIAC – Structure & Characteristics.
Characteristics and equivalent circuit of UJT - intrinsic stand-off ratio.
UNIT IV MIDBAND ANALYSIS OF SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS 9 + 3
CE, CB and CC amplifiers. Method of drawing small-signal equivalent circuit. Midband
analysis of various types of single stage amplifiers to obtain gain, input impedance and
output impedance. Miller‘s theorem. Comparison of CB, CE and CC amplifiers and their
uses. Darlington connection using similar and Complementary transistors. Methods of
increasing input impedance using Darlington connection and bootstrapping. CS, CG and
CD (FET) amplifiers. Multistage amplifiers.
Basic emitter coupled differential amplifier circuit. Bisection theorem. Differential gain.
CMRR. Use of constant current circuit to improve CMRR. Derivation of transfer
characteristic, Transconductance. Use as Linear amplifier, limiter, amplitude modulator.
UNIT V FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AMPLIFIERS 9 + 3
General shape of frequency response of amplifiers. Definition of cut off frequencies and
bandwidth. Low frequency analysis of amplifiers to obtain lower cut off frequency
Hybrid – pi equivalent circuit of BJTs. High frequency analysis of BJT amplifiers to
obtain upper cut off frequency. High frequency equivalent circuit of FETs. High
frequency analysis of FET amplifiers. Gain-bandwidth product of FETs. General
expression for frequency response of multistage amplifiers. Calculation of overall upper
and lower cut off frequencies of multistage amplifiers. Amplifier rise time and sag and
their relation to cut off frequencies.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar and A. Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and
Circuits, TMH, 1998.
2. Jacob Millman & Christos C.Halkias, Electronic Devices and Circuits, Tata
McGraw–Hill, 1991 .
3. Millman J. and Halkias .C. " Integrated Electronics ", Tata McGraw-Hill.
4.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 81
REFERENCES
1. Nandita Das Gupta and Amitava Das Gupta, Semiconductor Devices – Modelling
and Technology, Prentice Hall of India, 2004.
2. Donald A. Neaman, Semiconductor Physics and Devices 3rd
Ed., Tata McGraw-
Hill 2002.
3. Ben G. Streetman and Sanjay Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, Pearson
Education 2000.
4. S.M. Sze, Semiconductor Devices – Physics and Technology, 2nd
Edn. John
Wiley, 2002.
5. David A. Bell, Electronic Devices and Circuits, 4th
Edition, Prentice Hall of India,
2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 82
EC334 CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Aim
To expose basic circuit concepts, circuit modeling and methods of circuit analysis in time
domain and frequency domain for solving simple and multi dimensional circuits.
Objective:
To understand the concept of circuit elements lumped circuits, waveforms, circuit laws
and network reduction.
To analyze the transient response of series and parallel A.C. circuits and to solve
problems in time domain using Laplace Transform.
To understand the concept of active, reactive and apparent powers, power factor and
resonance in series and parallel circuits.
To solve the electrical network using mesh and nodal analysis by applying network
theorems.
To know the basic concepts of network topology and two port network parameters.
UNIT I: BASIC CIRCUIT CONCEPTS 9 + 3
Lumped circuits: Circuit elements, ideal sources (independent and dependent), linear passive
parameters R, L and C; Kirchhoff‘s Laws; analysis of series and parallel circuits: Network
reduction; voltage and current division, source transformation, star/delta transformation.
UNIT II: SINUSOIDAL STEADY STATE 9 + 3
Concept of phasor and complex impedance / admittance; analysis of simple series and parallel
circuits: Active power, reactive power, apparent power (volt ampere), power factor and energy
associated with these circuits; concept of complex power; phasor diagram, impedance triangle and
power triangle associated with these circuits. Resonance in series and parallel circuits: Q factor,
half-power frequencies and bandwidth of resonant circuits.
UNIT III: NETWORK THEOREMS 9 + 3
Superposition, Reciprocity, Substitution, Thevenin‘s, Norton, Tellegen and maximum
power transfer theorems for variable resistance load, variable impedance load– Statement
and applications.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 83
UNIT IV: NETWORK TOPOLOGY & TWO PORT NETWORK PARAMETERS
9 + 3
Graph of a network, Concept of tree and co-tree, incidence matrix, tie-set and cut- set schedules
Formulation of equilibrium equations in matrix form, solution of resistive networks,
principle of duality.
Definition of z, y, h and transmission parameters, modeling with these parameters, relationship
between parameters sets, multiport networks
UNIT V: RESPONSE OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS 9 + 3
Concept of complex frequency – pole – Zero plots – frequency Response of RL,RC and
RLC circuits – transient response of RL,RC and RLC series and parallel circuits – free
response – step and sinusoidal responses – natural frequency , damped frequency,
damping factor and logarithmic decrement – response of circuits for non-sinusoidal
periodic inputs.
TEXT BOOKS
1. William H. Hayt Jr, Jack E. Kemmerly, and Steven M. Durbin, „Engineering
Circuit Analysis, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co Ltd, New Delhi, 2002.
2. Joseph A. Edminister, Mahmood Nahvi, „Electric Circuits, Schaum‘s Series, Tata
McGraw Hill publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi 2001.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. R.C. Dorf, ―Introduction to Electric Circuits, John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York,
Second Edition, 2003.
2. Charles K. Alexander, Mathew N.O. Sadiku, Fundamentals of Electric Circuits,
McGraw Hill, N.Y, 2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 84
EC335 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
AIM
To familiarize the student to the concepts, calculations and pertaining to electric,
magnetic and electromagnetic fields so that an in depth understanding of antennas,
electronic devices, Waveguides is possible.
OBJECTIVES
To analyze fields a potentials due to static changes
To evaluate static magnetic fields
To understand how materials affect electric and magnetic fields
To understand the relation between the fields under time varying situations
To understand principles of propagation of uniform plane waves.
UNIT I STATIC ELECTRIC FIELDS 9 + 3
Introduction to Co-ordinate System – Rectangular – Cylindrical and Spherical Co-
ordinate System – Introduction to line, Surface and Volume Integrals – Definition of
Curl, Divergence and Gradient – Meaning of Strokes theorem and Divergence theorem
Coulomb‘s Law in Vector Form – Definition of Electric Field Intensity – Principle of
Superposition – Electric Field due to discrete charges – Electric field due to continuous
charge distribution - Electric Field due to charges distributed uniformly on an infinite and
finite line – Electric Field on the axis of a uniformly charged circular disc – Electric Field
due to an infinite uniformly charged sheet.
Electric Scalar Potential – Relationship between potential and electric field - Potential
due to infinite uniformly charged line – Potential due to electrical dipole - Electric Flux
Density – Gauss Law – Proof of Gauss Law – Applications.
UNIT II STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD 9 + 3
The Biot-Savart Law in vector form – Magnetic Field intensity due to a finite and infinite
wire carrying a current I – Magnetic field intensity on the axis of a circular and
rectangular loop carrying a current I – Ampere‘s circuital law and simple applications.
Magnetic flux density – The Lorentz force equation for a moving charge and applications
– Force on a wire carrying a current I placed in a magnetic field – Torque on a loop
carrying a current I – Magnetic moment – Magnetic Vector Potential.
UNIT III ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS IN MATERIALS 9 + 3
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 85
Poisson‘s and Laplace‘s equation – Electric Polarization-Nature of dielectric materials-
Definition of Capacitance – Capacitance of various geometries using Laplace‘s equation
– Electrostatic energy and energy density – Boundary conditions for electric fields –
Electric current – Current density – point form of ohm‘s law – continuity equation for
current.
Definition of Inductance – Inductance of loops and solenoids – Definition of mutual
inductance – simple examples. Energy density in magnetic fields – Nature of magnetic
materials – magnetization and permeability - magnetic boundary conditions.
UNIT IV TIME VARYING ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS 9 + 3
Faraday‘s law – Maxwell‘s Second Equation in integral form from Faraday‘s Law –
Equation expressed in point form.
Displacement current – Ampere‘s circuital law in integral form – Modified form of
Ampere‘s circuital law as Maxwell‘s first equation in integral form – Equation expressed
in point form. Maxwell‘s four equations in integral form and differential form.
Poynting Vector and the flow of power –Instantaneous Average and Complex Poynting
Vector.
UNIT V ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 9 + 3
Derivation of Wave Equation – Uniform Plane Waves – Maxwell‘s equation in Phasor
form – Wave equation in Phasor form – Plane waves in free space and in a homogenous
material.
Wave equation for a conducting medium – Plane waves in lossy dielectrics – Propagation
in good conductors – Skin effect- Problems.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXTBOOKS
1. William H.Hayt : ―Engineering Electromagnetics‖ TATA 2003 (Unit I,II,III ).
2. E.C. Jordan & K.G. Balmain ―Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems.‖
Prentice Hall of India 2nd
edition 2003. (Unit IV, V). McGraw-Hill, 9th
reprint
REFERENCES
1. Ramo, Whinnery and Van Duzer: ―Fields and Waves in Communications
Electronics‖ John Wiley & Sons (3rd
edition 2003)
2 .Narayana Rao, N : ―Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics‖ 4th
edition,
Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1998.
3. M.N.O.Sadiku: ―Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics‖ Oxford University
Press, Third edition.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 86
4. David K.Cherp: ―Field and Wave Electromagnetics - Second Edition-Pearson
Edition.
5. David J.Grithiths: ―Introduction to Electrodynamics- III Edition-PHI.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 87
EC336 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
AIM
To introduce the concept of measurement and the related instrumentation requirement as
a vital ingredient of electronics and communication engineering.
OBJECTIVE
To learn-
Basic measurement concepts
Concepts of electronic measurements
Importance of signal generators and signal analysers in measurements
Relevance of digital instruments in measurements
The need for data acquisition systems
Measurement techniques in optical domains.
UNIT I BASIC MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS 9 + 3
Measurement systems – Static and dynamic characteristics – units and standards of
measurements – error analysis – moving coil, moving iron meters – multimeters – True
RMS meters – Bridge measurements – Maxwell, Hay, Schering, Anderson and Wien
bridge.
UNIT II BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS 9 + 3
Electronic multimeters – Cathode ray oscilloscopes – block schematic – applications –
special oscilloscopes – Q meters – Vector meters – RF voltage and power measurements.
UNIT III SIGNAL GENERATORS AND ANALYZERS 9 + 3
Function generators – RF signal generators – Sweep generators – Frequency synthesizer
– wave analyzer – Harmonic distortion analyzer – spectrum analyzer.
UNIT IV DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS 9 + 3
Comparison of analog and digital techniques – digital voltmeter – multimeters –
frequency counters – measurement of frequency and time interval – extension of
frequency range – measurement errors.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 88
UNIT V DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND FIBER OPTIC
MEASUREMENTS 9 + 3
Elements of a digital data acquisition system – interfacing of transducers – multiplexing –
computer controlled instrumentation – IEEE 488 bus – fiber optic measurements for
power and system loss – optical time domains reflectometer.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOK
1. Albert D.Helfrick and William D.Cooper – Modern Electronic Instrumentation
and Measurement Techniques, Prentice Hall of India, 2003.
REFERENCES
1. Joseph J.Carr, Elements of Electronics Instrumentation and Measurement,
Pearson education, 2003.
2. Alan. S. Morris, Principles of Measurements and Instrumentation, Prentice Hall of
India, 2nd
edn., 2003.
3. Ernest O. Doebelin, Measurement Systems- Application and Design-Tata
McGraw-Hill-2004.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 89
EC351 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I LAB
List of Experiments:
1. Diode Characteristics
2. Zener Diode Characteristics.
3. Input and Output Characteristics of common Emitter Transistor Configuration
4. Input and output Characteristics of common base transistor Configuration
5. Characteristics of JFET
6. Characteristics of UJT,SCR
7. Determination of Stability factor (Fixed bias, Collector to base bias & Self bias)
8. CE amplifier – Frequency Response
9. Common source FET amplifier – Frequency Response
10. Series Regulator
11. Shunt Regulator
12. Rectifiers & Filters
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 90
EC352 DATA STRUCTURES LAB
AIM
To teach the principles of good programming practice and to give a practical training in
writing efficient programs in C
OBJECTIVES
To teach the students to write programs in C
To implement the various data structures as Abstract Data Types
To write programs to solve problems using the ADTs
Implement the following exercises using C:
1. Array implementation of List Abstract Data Type (ADT)
2. Linked list implementation of List ADT
3. Cursor implementation of List ADT
4. Array implementations of Stack ADT
5. Linked list implementations of Stack ADT
6. The following three exercises are to be done by implementing the following
source files
7. Program for ‗Balanced Paranthesis‘
8. Array implementation of Stack ADT
9. Linked list implementation of Stack ADT
10. Program for ‗Evaluating Postfix Expressions‘
11. An appropriate header file for the Stack ADT should be #included in (a) and (d)
12. Implement the application for checking ‗Balanced Paranthesis‘ using array
implementation of Stack ADT (by implementing files (a) and (b) given above)
13. Implement the application for checking ‗Balanced Paranthesis‘ using linked list
implementation of Stack ADT (by using file (a) from experiment 6 and
implementing file (c))
14. Implement the application for ‗Evaluating Postfix Expressions‘ using array and
linked list implementations of Stack ADT (by implementing file (d) and using file
(b), and then by using files (d) and (c))
15. Queue ADT
16. Search Tree ADT - Binary Search Tree
17. Heap Sort
18. Quick Sort
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 91
SEMESTER IV SYLLABUS
EC431 PROBABILITY AND QUEUING THEORY
(ECE, CSE, IT)
Paper Description:
The probabilistic models are employed in countless applications in all areas of science
and engineering. Queuing theory provides models for a number of situations that arise in
real life. The course aims at providing necessary mathematical support and confidence to
tackle real life problems.
Paper objective:
At the end of the course, the students would
Have a fundamental knowledge of the basic probability concepts.
Have a well – founded knowledge of standard distributions which can describe real
life
phenomena.
Acquire skills in handling situations involving more than one random variable and
functions of random variables.
Understand and characterize phenomena which evolve with respect to time in a
probabilistic manner.
Be exposed to basic characteristic features of a queuing system and acquire skills in
analyzing queuing models.
UNIT – I: Probability and Random Variable 12 Hours
Axioms of probability - Conditional probability - Total probability – Baye‘s theorem
Random variable - Probability mass function - Probability density function - Properties –
Moments - Moment generating functions and their properties.
UNIT – II: Standard Distributions 12 Hours
Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Negative Binomial, Uniform, Exponential, Gamma,
Weibull and Normal distributions and their properties - Functions of a random variable.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 92
UNIT – III: Two Dimensional Random Variables 12 Hours
Joint distributions - Marginal and conditional distributions – Covariance – Correlation
and regression - Transformation of random variables - Central limit theorem.
UNIT – IV: Random Processes and Markov Chains 12 Hours
Classification - Stationary process - Markov process - Poisson process - Birth and death
process - Markov chains - Transition probabilities - Limiting distributions. Transition
Diagram.
UNIT – V: Queuing Theory 12 Hours
Markovian models – M/M/1, M/M/C , finite and infinite capacity - M/M/∞ queues -
Finite source model - M/G/1 queue (steady state solutions only) – Pollaczek –
Khintchine formula – Special cases. Single and Multiple Server System.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Ross, S., ―A first course in probability‖, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education,
Delhi,
2002.
2. Medhi J., ―Stochastic Processes‖, New Age Publishers, New Delhi, 1994.
(Chapters 2, 3, & 4)
3. T.Veerarajan, ―Probability, Statistics and Random process‖, Second Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2003
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Allen., A.O., ―Probability, Statistics and Queuing Theory‖, Academic press, New
Delhi, 1981.
2. Taha, H. A., ―Operations Research-An Introduction‖, Seventh Edition, Pearson
Education Edition Asia, Delhi, 2002.
3. Gross, D. and Harris, C.M., ―Fundamentals of Queuing theory‖, John Wiley and
Sons, Second Edition, New York, 1985.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 93
EC432 COMPUTER ORGANISATION
AIM
To discuss the basic structure of a digital computer and to study in detail the organization
of the Control unit, the Arithmetic and Logical unit, the Memory unit and the I/O unit.
OBJECTIVES
To have a thorough understanding of the basic structure and operation of a digital
computer.
To discuss in detail the operation of the arithmetic unit including the algorithms &
implementation of fixed-point and floating-point addition, subtraction,
multiplication & division.
To study in detail the different types of control and the concept of pipelining.
To study the hierarchical memory system including cache memories and virtual
memory.
To study the different ways of communicating with I/O devices and standard I/O
interfaces.
UNIT I BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS 9 + 3
A Brief History of computers, Designing for Performance, Von Neumann
Architecture, Harvard architecture, Computer Components, Functional units - Basic
operational concepts - Bus structures - Software performance – Memory locations and
addresses – Memory operations – Instruction and instruction sequencing – Addressing
modes – Assembly language – Basic I/O operations – Stacks and queues.
UNIT II ARITHMETIC UNIT 9 + 3
Addition and subtraction of signed numbers – Design of fast adders –
Multiplication of positive numbers - Signed operand multiplication and fast
multiplication – Integer division – Floating point numbers and operations, Booths
Algorithm, Hardware Implementation, Division, Restoring and Non Restoring
algorithms, Floating point representations, IEEE standards, BCD Addition and
Subtraction.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 94
UNIT III BASIC PROCESSING UNIT 9 + 3
Fundamental concepts – Execution of a complete instruction – Multiple bus
organization – Hardwired control – Microprogrammed control - Pipelining – Basic
concepts – Data hazards – Instruction hazards – Influence on Instruction sets – Data path
and control consideration – Superscalar operation.
UNIT IV MEMORY SYSTEM 9 + 3
Basic concepts – Semiconductor RAMs - ROMs – Speed - size and cost –
Cache memories - Performance consideration – Virtual memory- Memory Management
requirements – Secondary storage.
UNIT V I/O ORGANIZATION 9 + 3
Accessing I/O devices – Interrupts – Direct Memory Access – Buses –
Interface circuits – interrupts and interrupt handling- handling multiple devices- device
identification- vectored interrupts- interrupt nesting- daisy chaining - Standard I/O
Interfaces (PCI, SCSI, USB).
L=45 ; T=15; TOTAL= 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic and Safwat Zaky, 5th
Edition ―Computer
Organization‖, McGraw-Hill, 2002.
REFERENCES
1. William Stallings, ―Computer Organization and Architecture – Designing for
Performance‖, 6th Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
2. David A.Patterson and John L.Hennessy, ―Computer Organization and Design:
The hardware / software interface‖, 2nd
Edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2002.
3. John P.Hayes, ―Computer Architecture and Organization‖, 3rd
Edition, McGraw
Hill, 1998.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 95
EC433 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
AIM
To study and analyze characteristics of continuous, discrete time signals and systems.
OBJECTIVES
To study the properties and representation of continuous and discrete time signals.
To study the sampling process and analysis of discrete systems using z-transforms.
To study the analysis and synthesis of discrete time systems.
UNIT I REPRESENTATION OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 9 + 3
Continuous and discrete time signals: Classification of Signals – Periodic &
Aperiodic, Even & Odd, Energy & Power signals, Deterministic & Random signals,
Transformation in independent variable of signals: time scaling, time shifting, time
reversal. Complex exponential and Sinusoidal signals, Periodicity of continuous and
discrete signals, Basic/Elementary functions: unit impulse, unit step functions, Basic
system properties.
UNIT II LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT CONTINUOUS TIME SYSTEMS 9 + 3
Introduction, Convolution Integral, Properties of Linear Time Invariant Systems. Differential
Equations representation of Systems, Solving Differential Equations, Natural and Forced
Response of the system, Block Diagram Representation.
UNIT III FOURIER ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE TIME
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Introduction, Frequency response of LTI systems, Fourier representation of Four
Classes of signals, Fourier series, Fourier Transform, Discrete Time Fourier Series,
Discrete Time Fourier Transform, Properties of Fourier Representations, Continuous
time Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform analysis with examples, convolution in
time and frequency domains.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 96
UNIT IV SAMPLING THEOREM AND z-TRANSFORMS 9 + 3
Representation of continuous time signals by its sample - Sampling theorem –
Reconstruction of a Signal from its samples, aliasing – discrete time processing of
continuous time signals, sampling of band pass signals. Basic principles of z-transform -
z-transform definition – region of convergence – properties of ROC – Properties of z-
transform – Poles and Zeros – inverse z-transform
UNIT V LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS 9 + 3
Introduction, Convolution sum, Properties of Linear Time Invariant Systems. Difference
Equations representation of Systems, Solving Difference Equations, Natural and Forced
Response of the system, Block Diagram Representation.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOK
1. Alan V.Oppenheim, Alan S.Willsky with S.Hamid Nawab, Signals & Systems,
2nd
edn., Pearson Education, 1997.
REFERENCES
1. Simon Haykin and Barry Van Veen, Signals and Systems, John Wiley, 1999
2. John G.Proakis and Dimitris G.Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing, Principles,
Algorithms and Applications, 3rd
edn., PHI, 2000.
3. M.J.Roberts, Signals and Systems Analysis using Transform method and
MATLAB, TMH 2003.
4. K.Lindner, ―Signals and Systems‖, McGraw Hill International, 1999
5. Moman .H. Hays,‖ Digital Signal Processing ―, Schaum‘s outlines, Tata McGraw-
Hill Co Ltd., 2004.
6. Ashok Amhardar, ―Analog and Digital Signal Processing‖, 2 nd Edition Thomson
2002.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 97
EC434 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
AIM
To learn the basic methods for the design of digital circuits and provide the fundamental
concepts used in the design of digital systems.
UNIT I DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 9 + 3
Introduction – Special Charecteristics – Bipolar Transistor Characteristics – RTL and
DTL circuits – Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL) Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) – Metal
Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) – Complementary MOS (CMOS) – CMOS Transmission
Gate circuits
UNIT II COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS – I 9 + 3
Design procedure – Adders-Subtractors – Serial adder/ Subtractor - Parallel adder/
Subtractor- Carry look ahead adder- BCD adder- Magnitude Comparator
UNIT III COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS – II 9 + 3
Multiplexer/ Demultiplexer- encoder / decoder – parity checker – code converters.
Implementation of combinational logic using MUX, ROM, PAL and PLA- HDL for
combinational Circuits
UNIT IV SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT 9 + 3
Classification of sequential circuits – Moore and Mealy -Design of Synchronous
counters: state diagram- State table –State minimization –State assignment- ASM-
Excitation table and maps-Circuit implementation - Universal shift register – Shift
counters – Ring counters.
UNIT V ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS 9 + 3
Design of fundamental mode and pulse mode circuits – primitive state / flow table –
Minimization of primitive state table –state assignment – Excitation table – Excitation
map- cycles – Races –Hazards: Static –Dynamic –Essential –Hazards elimination.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 98
TEXT BOOKS
1. . M. Morris Mano, Digital Design, 3.ed., Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi, 2003/Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003 – (Unit I,
II, V)
2. John .M Yarbrough, Digital Logic Applications and Design, Thomson- Vikas
publishing house, New Delhi, 2002. (Unit III, IV)
REFERENCES
1. S. Salivahanan and S. Arivazhagan, Digital Circuits and Design, 2nd
ed., Vikas
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2004
2. Charles H.Roth. ―Fundamentals of Logic Design‖, Thomson Publication
Company, 2003.
3. Donald P.Leach and Albert Paul Malvino, Digital Principles and Applications, 5
ed., Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2003.
4. R.P.Jain, Modern Digital Electronics, 3 ed., Tata McGraw–Hill publishing
company limited, New Delhi, 2003.
5. Thomas L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, Pearson Education, Inc, New Delhi,
2003
6. Donald D.Givone, Digital Principles and Design, Tata Mc-Graw-Hill Publishing
company limited, New Delhi, 2003
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 99
EC435 CONTROL SYSTEMS
AIM
To provide sound knowledge in the basic concepts of linear control theory and design of
control system.
OBJECTIVES
i. To understand the methods of representation of systems and getting their
transfer function models.
ii. To provide adequate knowledge in the time response of systems and
steady state error analysis.
iii. To give basic knowledge is obtaining the open loop and closed–loop
frequency responses of systems.
iv. To understand the concept of stability of control system and methods of
stability analysis.
v. To study the three ways of designing compensation for a control system.
UNIT I: SYSTEMS AND THEIR REPRESENTATION 9 + 3
Basic elements in control systems – Open and closed loop systems – Electrical analogy of
mechanical and thermal systems – Transfer function – Synchros – AC and DC
servomotors – Block diagram reduction techniques – Signal flow graphs.
UNIT II: TIME RESPONSE 9 + 3
Time response – Time domain specifications – Types of test input – I and II order system
response – Error coefficients – Generalized error series – Steady state error – P, PI, PID
modes of feed back control.
UNIT III: FREQUENCY RESPONSE 9 + 3
Frequency response – Bode plot – Polar plot – Constant M an N circles – Nichols chart –
Determination of closed loop response from open loop response – Correlation between
frequency domain and time domain specifications.
UNIT IV: STABILITY OF CONTROL SYSTEM 9 + 3
Characteristics equation – Location of roots in S plane for stability – Routh Hurwitz
criterion – Root locus construction – Effect of pole, zero addition – Gain margin and
phase margin – Nyquist stability criterion.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 100
UNIT V: COMPENSATOR DESIGN 9 + 3
Performance criteria – Lag, lead and lag-lead networks – Compensator design using bode
plots.
TEXT BOOKS
1. K. Ogata, ‗Modern Control Engineering‘, 4th
edition, Pearson Education, New
Delhi, 2003 / PHI.
2. I.J. Nagrath & M. Gopal, ‗Control Systems Engineering‘, New Age International
Publishers, 2003.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. B.C. Kuo, ‗Automatic Control Systems‘, Prentice Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi,
1995.
2. M. Gopal, ‗Control Systems, Principles & Design‘, Tata McGraw Hill, New
Delhi, 2002.
1. M.N. Bandyopadhyay, ‗Control Engineering Theory and Practice‘, Prentice Hall
of India, 2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 101
EC436 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT-II
AIM
The subject makes an attempt to incorporate all basic concepts and practices of
management, human resources management and economics that provides the foundation
and legal framework to guide the formative knowledge of Management Concepts and
also the Concepts of Economic Systems, Economic behavior of individuals and
organizations.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course the students would be capable of relating the principles of
management and economics with the environment of management & economics,
personal experiences and cases which will be attempted in the class
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT &
PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS
PART A – PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
UNIT 1 (8 Hours)
Management: Introduction: Definition of management, nature, purpose and functions,
level and types of managers, Manager/Non-Manager, Managerial Roles, Essential
Managerial Skills, Key personal characteristics for Managerial success. Evolution and
various schools to management thoughts, continuing management themes – quality and
performance excellence, global awareness, learning organization, Characteristics of 21st
century Executives. Social responsibility of managers.
UNIT 2 (8 Hours)
Planning: Meaning and nature of planning, types of plans, steps in planning process;
Objectives: meaning, setting and managing objectives – MBO method: concept and
process of managing by objectives; Strategies: definition, levels of strategies, its
importance in an Organization; Policies: meaning, formulation of policies; Programs:
meaning, nature; Planning premises: concept, developing effective planning premises;
Decision making, steps in decision making, approaches to decision making, types of
decisions and various techniques used for decision making.
UNIT 3 (8 Hours)
Organizing: Organizing as managerial function – organization structure, formal and
informal organization.
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INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 102
Traditional Organization Structures – Functional, Divisional and Matrix Structure
Directions in organizational Structures – Team structure, network structure, boundary
less structure
Organizing Trends and Practices – Chain of command, unity of command, span of
control, delegation and empowerment, decentralization and use of staff, organizational
design and organizational configuration.
UNIT 4 (7 Hours)
Leading as a function of management, Leadership and vision, Leadership traits, classic
Leadership styles, Leaders behaviour – Likert‘s four systems, Managerial Grid.
Overlapping role of leader and managers. The organizational context of communication,
Directions of communications, channels of communication, Barriers to communication.
Motivation and rewards, Rewards and performance. Hierarchy of need theory and two
factory theory. Integrated model of motivation.
UNIT 5 (7 Hours)
Controlling: Control function in management, The basic control process. Types of
control – feed forward, concurrent and feedback controls. Factors in control
effectiveness.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. J.R. Schermerhorn , Management , Wiley India, New Delhi 2004.
2. V.S.P.Rao, Management-Concepts and Cases,Excel Books
3. Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihrich ,Management - A Global and Entrepreneurial
Perspective, TMH 12th edition, 2008.
4. Stephen P. Robbins, M. Caulter, Management ,Pearson, PHI, 9e, 2008.
5. Ricky W. Griffin , Management ,Eigth Edition, Biztantra, 2005
6. Stephen P Robbins et all, Fundamentals of Management ,Pearson Publications, Fifth
edition
7. Richard L. Daft, Management, Cegage learning
PART B – PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
UNIT 7 (6 Hours)
HRM- Introduction, meaning, definition, nature and scope of HRM and HRD, evolution
of HRM, Difference between Personnel Management and HRM, features of HRM, HRM
functions, objectives of HRM, policies, procedures and programmes, practices,
Organization of HRM, line and staff responsibility role of personnel manager and HR
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 103
manager, qualities of HR, HR Manager as a Strategic partner, factors influencing
HRM, Opportunities and Challenges in Human Resource Management.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. VSP Rao, Human Resource Management, Text & Cases, Excel Books, 2005
2. K. Ashwatappa, Human Resource Management – Text & Cases , TMH, 5th Edition.
PART C – PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS
UNIT 8 (10 Hours)
Introduction to economics. Basics of demand, supply and equilibrium, demand theory
and analysis, theory of consumer choice, business and economic forecasting, production
theory and analysis, cost theory and analysis, market structures – perfect competition,
monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and barriers to entry.
UNIT 9 (6 Hours)
Fundamental Principles of Economics – Opportunity Costs, Incremental Principle, Time
Perspective, Discounting and Equi-Marginal principles.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Samuelson Nordhavs ,Economics , Mc-Graw Hill Education, 18th
Edition
2. Christopher R Thomas, S Charless Maurice ,Managerial Economics , Special
Indian, , Mc-Graw Hill Education, 8th Ed..
3. D N Dwivedi ,Managerial Economics , Vikas Publication, 6th Ed., 2005
4. Dominick Salvotore ,Micro Economics , Oxford Publishers, 4/e, 2004
5. Atmanand ,Managerial Economics, Excel Books
6. Craig H Petersen, W. Chris Lewis & Sudhir K Jain ,Managerial Economics
,Pearson Education, 4th Ed. PHI.
7. Dr. D. M Mithani,Managerial Economics – Theory and Applications, Himalaya
Publication, 2/e, 2005
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 104
EC451 CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY
AIM
To provide a platform for understanding the basic concepts of linear control theory
and its application to practical systems.
List of Experiments
1. Determination of transfer function parameters of a DC servo motor.
2. Determination of transfer function parameters of AC servo motor.
3. Analog simulation of type-0 and type-1 system.
4. Digital simulation of linear systems.
5. Digital simulation of non-linear systems.
6. Design and implementation of compensators.
7. Design of P, PI and PID controllers.
8. Stability analysis of linear systems.
9. Closed loop control system.
10. Study of synchros.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 105
EC452 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB
1. Design and implementation of Adders and Subtractors using logic gates.
2. Design and implementation of code converters using logic gates
(i) BCD to excess-3 code and voice versa
(ii) Binary to gray and vice-versa
3. Design and implementation of 4 bit binary Adder/ subtractor and BCD adder
using IC 7483
4. Design and implementation of 2Bit Magnitude Comparator using logic gates 8 Bit
Magnitude Comparator using IC 7485
5. Design and implementation of 16 bit odd/even parity checker generator using
IC74180.
6. Design and implementation of Multiplexer and De-multiplexer using logic gates
and study of IC74150 and IC 74154
7. Design and implementation of encoder and decoder using logic gates and study of
IC7445 and IC74147
8. Construction and verification of 4 bit ripple counter and Mod-10 / Mod-12 Ripple
counters
9. Design and implementation of 3-bit synchronous up/down counter
10. Implementation of SISO, SIPO, PISO and PIPO shift registers using Flip- flops
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 106
SEMESTER V
EC531 COMMUNICATION THEORY
AIM
To study the various analog communication fundamentals viz., Amplitude modulation
and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation. Noise performance of various
receivers and information theory with source coding theorem are also dealt.
OBJECTIVE
To provide various Amplitude modulation and demodulation systems.
To provide various Angle modulation and demodulation systems.
To provide some depth analysis in noise performance of various receiver.
To study some basic information theory with some channel coding theorem.
UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATIONS 9 + 3
Generation and demodulation of AM, DSB-SC, SSB-SC, VSB Signals, Filtering of
sidebands, Comparison of Amplitude modulation systems, Frequency translation,
Frequency Division multiplexing, AM transmitters – Superhetrodyne receiver, AM
receiver.
UNIT II ANGLE MODULATION 9 + 3
Angle modulation, frequency modulation, Narrowband and wideband FM, transmission
bandwidth of FM signals, Generation of FM signal – Direct FM – indirect FM,
Demodulation of FM signals, FM stereo multiplexing, PLL – Nonlinear model and linear
model of PLL, Non-linear effects in FM systems, FM Broadcast receivers, FM stereo
receives.
UNIT III NOISE PERFORMANCE OF DSB, SSB RECEIVERS 9 + 3
Noise – Shot noise, thermal noise, White noise, Noise equivalent Bandwidth,
Narrowband noise, Representation of Narrowband noise in terms of envelope and phase
components, Sine wave plus Narrowband Noise, Receiver model, Noise in DSB-SC
receiver, Noise in SSB receiver
UNIT IV NOISE PERFORMANCE OF AM AND FM RECEIVERS 9 + 3
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 107
Noise in AM receivers threshold effect, Noise in FM receivers capture effect, FM
threshold effect, FM threshold reduction, Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis in FM,
Comparison of performance of AM and FM systems.
UNIT V INFORMATION THEORY 9 + 3
Uncertainty, Information and entropy, Source coding theorem, Data compaction, Discrete
memory less channels, mutual information, channel capacity, channel coding theorem,
Differential entropy, and mutual information for continuous ensembles, information
capacity theorem, implication of the information capacity theorem, rate distortion theory,
Compression of information.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOK
1. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, John Wiley & sons, NY, 4th Edition,
2001.
REFERENCES
1. Roddy and Coolen, Electronic communication, PHI, New Delhi, 4th
Edition,
2003.
2. Taub and Schilling, Principles of communication systems, TMH, New Delhi,
1995.
3. Bruce Carlson et al, Communication systems, McGraw-Hill Int., 4th Edition,
2002.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 108
EC532 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING and ITS APPLICATION
AIM
To study the signal processing methods and processors.
OBJECTIVES
• To study of DFT and its computation
• To study the design techniques for digital filters
• To study the finite word length effects in signal processing
• To study special techniques like power spectrum estimation, time frequency
representation.
UNIT I SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 9+3
Classification of signals- Continuous time and discrete time signals, Signal Energy and
Power, Periodic signals, Even and Odd signals, Classification of systems-Continuous
time and Discrete time systems, Basic system properties, Linear time invariant systems,
Convolution Sum, Properties of LTI systems
UNIT II FOURIER SERIES AND FOURIER TRANSFORM 9 + 3
Fourier series representation of periodic signals, properties, Discrete Time Fourier
Transform and its properties, DFT – Efficient computation of DFT, Properties of DFT
,FFT algorithms , Radix-2 FFT algorithms , Decimation in Time and Decimation in
Frequency algorithms, Inverse DFT.
UNIT III DIGITAL FILTER DESIGN 9 + 3
Amplitude and phase responses of FIR filters, Linear phase filters, Windowing
techniques for design of Linear phase FIR filters, Parks-McClellan Method, frequency
sampling techniques, IIR Filters –Magnitude response, Phase response, Analog filter
design-Butterworth and Chebyshev approximations, Digital design using Bilinear and
impulse invariant transformation ,Warping, Prewarping, Frequency transformation
UNIT IV DIGITAL FILTER STRUCTURES 9 + 3
Block diagram representation, Basic IIR digital filter structures, Basic FIR digital filter
structures, IIR Tapped Cascaded Lattice Structures, FIR Cascaded Lattice Structures,
Parallel Allpass Realization of IIR Transfer functions.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 109
UNIT V MULTIRATE SIGNAL PROCESSING 9 + 3
Multirate Building Blocks, Decimation, Interpolation, Digital filter Banks, DFT Filter
Banks, Polyphase Decomposition, Quadrature Mirror Filter Banks, Introduction to
wavelets, Optimization Algorithms- LMS and RLS, Harvard architecture and
programming in DSP.
TEXT BOOK:
1. ―Digital Signal Processing‖ S.K Mitra, TMH, Second Edition.
2.―Digital Signal Processing : A Practical Approach‖, Emmanuel C Ifeachor&
Barrie W. Jervis, Pearson Education Asia, Second Ed., 2003.
3. ―Digital Signal Processing‖, Oppenhiem& Schafer, Pearson Education Asia,
2003.
4. "Multirate systems and Filter banks", P P Vaidyanathan
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. ―Digital Signal Processing :Pronciples, Algorithms and Application‖, John G
Proakis& D G Manolakis, PHI, 1998.
2. ‖Introduction to Digital Signal Processing‖,Johny R. Johnson, PHI
3. ―Digital Signal Processors: Architecture, Programming and Applications‖, B.
Venkataramani& M Bhaskar, TMH, 2002.
4. ―Digital Signal Processing: Implementations using DSP Microprocessors with
examples from TMS320C54x‖, Avatar Singh & S. Srinivasan,
Thomson,Brooks/cole, 2004.
5. TI DSP Processor User Manuals.
6. ―Digital Signal Processing; Analysis and Design‖, Paulo S.R.,Diniz& Sergio L.
Netto, Cambridge University Press.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 110
EC533 MICROPROCESSORS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
AIM
To learn the architecture programming and interfacing of microprocessors.
OBJECTIVES
To introduce the architecture and programming of 8086 microprocessor.
To introduce the interfacing of peripheral devices with 8086
microprocessor.
To introduce the architecture and programming of 80286, 80386 and
80486 microprocessor.
UNIT I 8086 MICROPROCESSOR
Intel 8086 Microprocessor - Internal architecture – Block diagram – Minimum and
maximum mode operation – Interrupt and Interrupt applications – DMA data transfer –
8086 memory organization – even and odd memory banks – segment registers - logical
and physical address – advantages and disadvantages of physical memory.
UNIT II 8086 MICROPROCESSOR I/O INTERFACING
Intel 8086 microprocessor – Architecture – Instruction set and assembler
directives – Addressing modes – Assembly language programming- Memory Interfacing
and I/O interfacing - Parallel communication interface – Serial communication interface
– Timer – Keyboard /display controller – Interrupt controller – DMA controller –
Programming and applications.
UNIT III 80286 MICROPROCESSOR
Intel 80286 Microprocessor - 80286 Architecture, system connection – Real address
mode operation – Protected mode operation
UNIT IV 80386 MICROPROCESSOR
Intel 80386 Microprocessor - 80386 Architecture and system connection – Real operating
mode – 386 protected mode operation – segmentation and virtual memory – segment
privilege levels and protection – call gates – I/O privilege levels – Interrupts and
exception handling – task switching – paging mode – 80386 virtual 86 mode operation.
UNIT V 80486 MICROPROCESSOR
Advanced Intel Microprocessors - 80486 – Processor model – Reduced Instruction cycle
– five stage instruction pipe line – Integrated coprocessor – On board cache – Burst Bus
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 111
mode. Pentium – super scalar architecture – u-v pipe line – branch prediction logic –
cache structure – BIST (built in self test) – Introduction to MMX technology.
L=45 ; T=15; TOTAL= 60
References
1. Ramesh S.Gaonkar, ―Microprocessor - Architecture, Programming and
Applications with the 8085‖, Penram International publishing private limited,
fifth edition.
2. A.K. Ray & K.M.Bhurchandi, ―Advanced Microprocessors and peripherals-
Architectures, Programming and Interfacing‖, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002 reprint.
3. Barry B. Brey, ―The Intel Microprocessors‖ Pearson Education India., 8th
Edition
1. Douglous V. Hall ―Microprocessor and Interfacing‖ Tata McGraw Hill, 2006
revised, 2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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EC534 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS II
AIM
The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the analysis and design of feed
back amplifiers, oscillators, tuned amplifiers, wave shaping circuits, multivibrators and
blocking oscillators.
OBJECTIVES
On completion of this course the student will understand
The advantages and method of analysis of feed back amplifiers
Analysis and design of RC and LC oscillators, tuned amplifiers, wave shaping circuits,
multivibrators, blocking oscillators and time based generators.
UNIT 1 FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS 9 + 3
Block diagram. Loop gain. Gain with feedback. Desensitivity of gain. Distortion and cut
off frequencies with feedback. The four basic feedback topologies and the type of gain
stabilized by each type of feedback. Input and Output resistances with feedback. Method
of identifying feedback topology, feedback factor and basic amplifier configuration with
loading effect of feedback network taken into account. Analysis of feedback amplifiers.
Nyquist criterion for stability of feedback amplifiers.
UNIT II OSCILLATORS 9 + 3
Barkhausen Criterion. Mechanism for start of oscillation and stabilization of amplitude.
Analysis of Oscillator using Cascade connection of one RC and one CR filters. RC phase
shift Oscillator. Wienbridge Oscillator and twin-T Oscillators. Analysis of LC
Oscillators, Colpitts, Hartley, Clapp, Miller and Pierce oscillators. Frequency range of
RC and LC Oscillators. Quartz Crystal Construction. Electrical equivalent circuit of
Crystal. Crystal Oscillator circuits.
UNIT III TUNED AMPLIFIERS 9 + 3
Coil losses, unloaded and loaded Q of tank circuits. Analysis of single tuned and
synchronously tuned amplifiers. Instability of tuned amplifiers. Stabilization techniques.
Narrow band neutralization using coil. Broad banding using Hazeltine neutralization.
Class C tuned amplifiers and their applications. Efficiency of Class C tuned Amplifier.
UNIT IV LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS 9 + 3
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 113
Classification of amplifiers (Class A, B, AB, C&D), Efficiency of class A, RC coupled
and transformer-coupled power amplifiers. Class B complementary-symmetry, push-pull
power amplifiers. Calculation of power output, efficiency and power dissipation.
Crossover distortion and methods of eliminating it.
Heat flow calculations using analogous circuit. Calculation of actual power handling
capacity of transistors with and without heat sink. Heat sink design.
UNIT V BLOCKING OSCILLATORS AND TIMEBASE GENERATORS 9 + 3
Monostable and Astable Blocking Oscillators using Emitter and base timing. Frequency
control using core saturation. Pushpull operation of Astable blocking oscillator i.e.,
inverters. Pulse transformers. UJT sawtooth generators. Linearization using constant
current circuit. Bootstrap and Miller saw-tooth generators. Current time base generators.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Millman and Halkias. C., ―Integrated Electronics‖, Tata McGraw-Hill 1991,(I,II).
2. Schilling and Belove, "Electronic Circuits", TMH, Third Edition, 2002 (Unit - III)
3. Millman J. and Taub H., "Pulse Digital and Switching waveform", McGraw-Hill
International (UNIT – IV & V)
4. Robert L. Boylestead and Louis Nasheresky, 8th
edn., PHI, 2002.
REFERENCES
1. Sedra / Smith, ―Micro Electronic Circuits‖ Oxford university Press, 2004.
2. David A. Bell, " Solid State Pulse Circuits ", Prentice Hall of India, 1992.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 114
EC535 ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION
AIM
To enable the student to study the various types of antennas and wave propagation.
OBJECTIVES
To study radiation from a current element.
To study antenna arrays
To study aperture antennas
To learn special antennas such as frequency independent and broad band antennas.
To study radio wave propagation.
UNIT I RADIATION FIELDS OF WIRE ANTENNAS 9 + 3
Concept of vector potential. Modification for time varying, retarded case. Fields
associated with Hertzian dipole. Power radiated and radiation resistance of current
element. Radiation resistance of elementary dipole with linear current distribution.
Radiation from half-wave dipole and quarter-wave monopole. Assumed current
distribution for wire antennas. Use of capacity hat and loading coil for short antennas.
UNIT II ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS AND ANTENNA ARRAYS 9 + 3
Definitions: Radiation intensity. Directive gain. Directivity. Power gain. Beam Width.
Band Width. Gain and radiation resistance of current element. Half-wave dipole and
folded dipole. Reciprocity principle. Effective length and Effective area. Relation
between gain effective length and radiation resistance.
Loop Antennas: Radiation from small loop and its radiation resistance. Radiation from a
loop with circumference equal to a wavelength and resultant circular polarization on axis.
Helical antenna. Normal mode and axial mode operation.
Antenna Arrays: Expression for electric field from two and three element arrays. Uniform
linear array. Method of pattern multiplication. Binomial array. Use of method of images
for antennas above ground.
UNIT III TRAVELLING WAVE (WIDEBAND) ANTENNAS 9 + 3
Radiation from a traveling wave on a wire. Analysis of Rhombic antenna. Design of
Rhombic antennas.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 115
Coupled Antennas: Self and mutual impedance of antennas. Two and three element Yagi
antennas. Log periodic antenna. Reason for feeding from end with shorter dipoles and
need for transposing the lines. Effects of decreasing α.
UNIT IV APERTURE AND LENS ANTENNAS. 9 + 3
Radiation from an elemental area of a plane wave (Huygen‘s Source). Radiation from the
open end of a coaxial line. Radiation from a rectangular aperture treated as an array of
Huygen‘s sources. Equivalence of fields of a slot and complementary dipole. Relation
between dipole and slot impedances. Method of feeding slot antennas. Thin slot in an
infinite cylinder. Field on the axis of an E-Plane sectoral horn. Radiation from circular
aperture. Beam Width and Effective area.
Reflector type of antennas (dish antennas). Dielectric lens and metal plane lens antennas.
Lumeberg lens. Spherical waves and Biconical antenna.
UNIT V PROPAGATION 9 + 3
The three basic types of propagation; ground wave, space wave and sky wave
propagation.
Sky wave propagation: Structure of the ionosphere. Effective dielectric constant of
ionized region. Mechanism of refraction. Refractive index. Critical frequency. Skip
distance. Effect of earth‘s magnetic field. Energy loss in the ionosphere due to collisions.
Maximum usable frequency. Fading and Diversity reception.
Space wave propagation: Reflection from ground for vertically and horizontally polarized
waves. Reflection characteristics of earth. Resultant of direct and reflected ray at the
receiver. Duct propagation.
Ground wave propagation: Attenuation characteristics for ground wave propagation.
Calculation of field strength at a distance.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXTBOOK
1. E.C.Jordan and Balmain, "Electro Magnetic Waves and Radiating Systems", PHI,
1968, Reprint 2003.
REFERENCES
1. John D.Kraus and Ronalatory Marhefka, "Antennas", Tata McGraw-Hill Book
Company, 2002.
2. R.E.Collins, 'Antennas and Radio Propagation ", McGraw-Hill, 1987.
3. Ballany , "Antenna Theory " , John Wiley & Sons, second edition , 2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 116
EC551 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY
MTEC152 DSP and its Application LABORATORY
Class Objectives:
To produce graduates who understand how to analyze and manipulate digital signals and
have the fundamental programming knowledge to do so.
Course Outcomes:
1. Describe the Sampling Theorem and how this relates to Aliasing and
Folding.
2. Determine if a system is a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) System.
3. Be able to take the Z-transform of a LTI system
4. Determine the frequency response of FIR and IIR filters.
5. Understand the relationship between poles, zeros, and stability.
6. Determine the spectrum of a signal using the DFT, FFT, and spectrogram.
7. Be able to design, analyze, and implement digital filters in MatLaboratory.
8. Be able to implement filters on a digital signal processor.
1) Introduction to MatLaboratory
2) Introduction to Complex Exponentials
3) Synthesis of Sinusoidal Signals
4) AM and FM Sinusoidal Signals
5) FIR Filtering of Sinusoidal Waveforms
6) Filtering Sampled Waveforms
7) Everyday Sinusoidal Signals
8) Filtering and Edge Detection of Images
9) Sampling and Zooming of Images
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 117
EXPERIEMNTS ON TMS320C6X ,TMS320C5X and OMAP
1. Introduction to DSK 2. Sessions using MATLABORATORY, Simulink and DSK
kit
2. LED DIP switches
3. To verify linear convolution
4. To verify circular convolution
5. To design FIR filter of given specifications
6. To design IIR filter of given specifications
7. MATLABORATORY Programming
8. Mini-projects
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 118
EC552 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM LABORATORY
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
. Radiation pattern of Halfwave dipole Antenna
2. Radiation pattern of yagi Antenna
3. Radiation pattern of loop Antenna
4. Characteristics of AM receiver (Selectivity & Sensitivity)
5. Characteristics of FM receiver (Selectivity & Sensitivity)
6. Sampling & time division multiplexing
7. Pulse modulation- PAM / PWM /PPM
8. Pulse code modulation
9. Line coding & Decoding
10. Delta modulation / Differential pulse code modulation
11. Digital modulation –ASK, PSK, QPSK, FSK
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 119
EC553 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS - II AND SIMULATION LAB
1. Series and Shunt feedback amplifiers:
2. Frequency response, Input and output impedance calculation
3. Design of RC Phase shift oscillator: Design Wein Bridge Oscillator
4. Design of Hartley and Colpitts Oscilator
5. Tuned Class C
6. Integrators, Differentiators, Clippers and Clampers
7. Design of Astable and Monostable and Bistable multivibrators
SIMULATION USING PSPICE:
1. Differentiate amplifier
2. Active filter : Butterworth IInd
order LPF
3. Astable, Monostable and Bistable multivibrator - Transistor bias
4. D/A and A/D converter (Successive approximation)
5. Analog multiplier
6. CMOS Inventor, NAND and NOR
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 120
SEMESTER VI
SYLLABUS
MTEC232 MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Special features of Multimedia – Graphics and Image Data Representations –
Fundamental Concepts in Video and Digital Audio – Storage requirements for multimedia
applications -Need for Compression - Taxonomy of compression techniques – Overview
of source coding, source models, scalar and vector quantization theory – Evaluation
techniques – Error analysis and methodologies
UNIT II TEXT COMPRESSION 9
Compaction techniques – Huffmann coding – Adaptive Huffmann Coding –
Arithmatic coding – Shannon-Fano coding – Dictionary techniques – LZW family
algorithms.
UNIT III AUDIO COMPRESSION 9
Audio compression techniques - μ- Law and A- Law companding. Frequency
domain and filtering – Basic sub-band coding – Application to speech coding – G.722 –
Application to audio coding – MPEG audio, progressive encoding for audio – Silence
compression, speech compression techniques – Formant and CELP Vocoders
UNIT IV IMAGE COMPRESSION 9
Predictive techniques – DM, PCM, DPCM: Optimal Predictors and Optimal
Quantization – Contour based compression – Transform Coding – JPEG Standard – Sub-
band coding algorithms: Design of Filter banks – Wavelet based compression:
Implementation using filters – EZW, SPIHT coders – JPEG 2000 standards - JBIG,
JBIG2 standards.
UNIT V VIDEO COMPRESSION 9
Video compression techniques and standards – MPEG Video Coding I: MPEG –
1 and 2 – MPEG Video Coding II: MPEG – 4 and 7 – Motion estimation and
compensation techniques – H.261 Standard – DVI technology – PLV performance –
DVI real time compression – Packet Video.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 121
REFERENCES:
[1] Khalid Sayood : Introduction to Data Compression, Morgan Kauffman Harcourt
India, 2nd
Edition, 2000.
[2] David Salomon : Data Compression – The Complete Reference, Springer Verlag
New York Inc., 2nd
Edition, 2001.
[3] Yun Q.Shi, Huifang Sun : Image and Video Compression for Multimedia
Engineering - Fundamentals, Algorithms & Standards, CRC press, 2003.
[4] Peter Symes : Digital Video Compression, McGraw Hill Pub., 2004.
[5] Mark Nelson : Data compression, BPB Publishers, New Delhi,1998.
[6] Mark S.Drew, Ze-Nian Li : Fundamentals of Multimedia, PHI, 1st Edition, 2003.
[7] Watkinson,J : Compression in Video and Audio, Focal press,London.1995.
[8] Jan Vozer : Video Compression for Multimedia, AP Profes, NewYork, 1995
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 122
EC632 MICROCONTROLLERS
AIM
To expose the students to the fundamentals of microcontroller based system design.
OBJECTIVES
To impart knowledge on 8051 Microcontroller based system and Microchip PIC 8
bit microcontroller based system.
UNIT I 8051 ARCHITECTURE
Architecture – memory organization – addressing modes – instruction set – Timers -
Interrupts - I/O ports, Interfacing I/O Devices – Serial Communication.
UNIT II 8051 PROGRAMMING
Assembly language programming – Arithmetic Instructions – Logical Instructions –
Single bit Instructions – Timer Counter Programming – Serial Communication
Programming Interrupt Programming – RTOS for 8051 – RTOSLite – FullRTOS –Task
creation and run – LCD digital clock/thermometer using FullRTOS, Introduction to
Embedded C
UNIT III PIC MICROCONTROLLER
Architecture – memory organization – addressing modes – instruction set – PIC
progrmming in Assembly & C –I/O port, Data Conversion, RAM & ROM Allocation,
Timer programming, MP-LAB.
UNIT IV PERIPHERAL OF PIC MICROCONTROLLER
Timers – Interrupts, I/O ports- I2C bus-A/D converter-UART- CCP modules -ADC,
DAC and Sensor Interfacing –Flash and EEPROM memories.
UNIT V SYSTEM DESIGN – CASE STUDY
Interfacing LCD Display – Keypad Interfacing - Generation of Gate signals for
converters and Inverters - Motor Control – Controlling AC appliances –Measurement of
frequency Stand alone Data Acquisition System.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 123
1. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinlay, Danny Causey ‗ PIC Microcontroller
and Embedded Systems using Assembly and C for PIC18‘, Pearson Education
2008
2. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinlay, Danny Causey ‗ 8051
Microcontroller and
Embedded Systems using Assembly and C for ‘
3. John Iovine, ‗PIC Microcontroller Project Book ‘, McGraw Hill 2000\
4. Myke Predko, ―Programming and customizing the 8051 microcontroller‖, Tata
McGraw Hill 2001.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 124
EC633 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
AIM
To teach the basic concepts in the design of electronic circuits using linear integrated
circuits and their applications in the processing of analog signals.
OBJECTIVES
To introduce the basic building blocks of linear integrated circuits.
To teach the linear and non-linear applications of operational amplifiers.
To introduce the theory and applications of analog multipliers and PLL.
To teach the theory of ADC and DAC
To introduce a few special function integrated circuits.
UNIT I CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION FOR LINEAR ICs 9 + 3
Current sources, Analysis of difference amplifiers with active loads, supply and
temperature independent biasing, Band gap references, Monolithic IC operational
amplifiers, specifications, frequency compensation, slew rate and methods of improving
slew rate.
UNIT II APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 9 + 3
Linear and Nonlinear Circuits using operational amplifiers and their analysis, Inverting
and Non inverting Amplifiers, Differentiator, Integrator, Voltage to current converter,
Instrumentation amplifier, Sine wave Oscillator, Low-pass and band-pass filters,
Comparator, Multivibrators and Schmitt trigger, Triangular wave generator, Precision
rectifier, Log and Antilog amplifiers, Non-linear function generator.
UNIT III ANALOG MULTIPLIER AND PLL 9 + 3
Analysis of four quadrant (Gilbert cell) and variable transconductance multipliers,
Voltage controlled Oscillator, Closed loop analysis of PLL, AM, PM and FSK
modulators and demodulators, Frequency synthesizers, Compander ICs.
UNIT IV ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG
CONVERTERS 9 + 3
Analog switches, High speed sample and hold circuits and sample and hold ICs, Types of
D/A converter, Current driven DAC, Switches for DAC, A/D converter-Flash, Single
slope, Dual slope, Successive approximation, Delta Sigma Modulation.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 125
UNIT V SPECIAL FUNCTION ICS 9 + 3
Astable and Monostable Multivibrators using 555 Timer, Voltage regulators-linear and
switched mode types, Switched capacitor filter, Frequency to Voltage converters, Voltage
to Time converters ,Tuned amplifiers.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOK
1. Sergio Franco, ‗Design with operational amplifiers and analog integrated
circuits‘, McGraw-Hill, 1997.
2. D.Roy Choudhry, Shail Jain, ―Linear Integrated Circuits‖, New Age International
Pvt. Ltd., 2000.
REFERENCES
1. Gray and Meyer, ‗Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits‘, Wiley
International, 1995.
2. J.Michael Jacob, ‗Applications and Design with Analog Integrated Circuits‘,
Prentice Hall of India, 1996.
3. Ramakant A.Gayakwad, ‗OP-AMP and Linear IC‘s‘, Prentice Hall / Pearson
Education, 1994.
4. K.R.Botkar, ‗Integrated Circuits‘. Khanna Publishers, 1996.
5. Taub and Schilling, Digital Integrated Electronics, McGraw-Hill, 1997.
6. Millman.J. and Halkias.C.C. ‗Integrated Electronics‘, McGraw-Hill, 1972.
7. William D.Stanely, ‗Operational Amplifiers with Linear Integrated Circuits‘.
Pearson Education, 2004.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 126
EC634 TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVEGUIDES
AIM
To lay a strong foundation on the theory of transmission lines and wave guides by
highlighting their applications.
OBJECTIVES
To become familiar with propagation of signals through lines
Understand signal propagation at Radio frequencies
Understand radio propagation in guided systems
To become familiar with resonators
UNIT I TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY 9 + 3
Different types of transmission lines – Definition of Characteristic impedance – The
transmission line as a cascade of T-Sections - Definition of Propagation Constant.
General Solution of the transmission line – The two standard forms for voltage and
current of a line terminated by an impedance – physical significance of the equation and
the infinite line – The two standard forms for the input impedance of a transmission line
terminated by an impedance – meaning of reflection coefficient – wavelength and
velocity of propagation.
Waveform distortion – distortion less transmission line – The telephone cable –
Inductance loading of telephone cables.
Input impedance of lossless lines – reflection on a line not terminated by Zo - Transfer
impedance – reflection factor and reflection loss – T and ∏ Section equivalent to lines.
UNIT II THE LINE AT RADIO FREQUENCIES 9 + 3
Standing waves and standing wave ratio on a line – One eighth wave line – The quarter
wave line and impedance matching – the half wave line.
The circle diagram for the dissipationless line – The Smith Chart – Application of the
Smith Chart – Conversion from impedance to reflection coefficient and vice-versa.
Impedance to Admittance conversion and viceversa – Input impedance of a lossless line
terminated by an impedance – single stub matching and double stub matching.
UNIT III GUIDED WAVES 8 + 3
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 127
Waves between parallel planes of perfect conductors – Transverse electric and transverse
magnetic waves – characteristics of TE and TM Waves – Transverse Electromagnetic
waves – Velocities of propagation – component uniform plane waves between parallel
planes – Attenuation of TE and TM waves in parallel plane guides – Wave impedances.
UNIT IV RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDES 9 + 3
Transverse Magnetic Waves in Rectangular Wave guides – Transverse Electric Waves in
Rectangular Waveguides – characteristic of TE and TM Waves – Cutoff wavelength and
phase velocity – Impossibility of TEM waves in waveguides – Dominant mode in
rectangular waveguide – Attenuation of TE and TM modes in rectangular waveguides –
Wave impedances – characteristic impedance – Excitation of modes.
UNIT V CIRCULAR WAVE GUIDES AND RESONATORS 10 + 3
Bessel functions – Solution of field equations in cylindrical co-ordinates – TM and TE
waves in circular guides – wave impedances and characteristic impedance – Dominant
mode in circular waveguide – excitation of modes – Microwave cavities, Rectangular
cavity resonators, circular cavity resonator, semicircular cavity resonator, Q factor of a
cavity resonator for TE101 mode.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. J.D.Ryder ―Networks, Lines and Fields‖, PHI, New Delhi, 2003. (Unit I & II)
2. E.C. Jordan and K.G.Balmain ―Electro Magnetic Waves and Radiating System,
PHI, New Delhi, 2003. (Unit III, IV & V)
REFERENCES
1. Ramo, Whineery and Van Duzer: ―Fields and Waves in Communication
Electronics‖ John Wiley, 2003.
2. David M.Pozar: Microwave Engineering – 2nd
Edition – John Wiley.
3. David K.Cheng,Field and Waves in Electromagnetism, Pearson Education, 1989.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 128
EC634 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
AIM
To introduce the various optical fiber modes, configurations and various signal
degradation factors associated with optical fiber.
To study about various optical sources and optical detectors and their use in the optical
communication system. Finally to discuss about digital transmission and its associated
parameters on system performance.
OBJECTIVES
To learn the basic elements of optical fiber transmission link, fiber modes configurations
and structures.
To understand the different kind of losses, signal distortion in optical wave guides and
other signal degradation factors. Design optimization of SM fibers, RI profile and cut-off
wave length.
To learn the various optical source materials, LED structures, quantum efficiency, Laser
diodes and different fiber amplifiers.
To learn the fiber optical receivers such as PIN APD diodes, noise performance in photo
detector, receiver operation and configuration.
To learn fiber slicing and connectors, noise effects on system performance, operational
principles WDM and solutions.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL FIBERS 9 + 3
Evolution of fiber optic system- Element of an Optical Fiber Transmission link- Ray
Optics-Optical Fiber Modes and Configurations –Mode theory of Circular Wave guides-
Overview of Modes-Key Modal concepts- Linearly Polarized Modes –Single Mode
Fibers-Graded Index fiber structure.
UNIT II SIGNAL DEGRADATION OPTICAL FIBERS 9 + 3
Attenuation – Absorption losses, Scattering losses, Bending Losses, Core and Cladding
losses, Signal Distortion in Optical Wave guides-Information Capacity determination –
Group Delay-Material Dispersion, Wave guide Dispersion, Signal distortion in SM
fibers-Polarization Mode dispersion, Intermodal dispersion, Pulse Broadening in GI
fibers-Mode Coupling –Design Optimization of SM fibers-RI profile and cut-off
wavelength.
UNIT III FIBER OPTICAL SOURCES AND COUPLING 9 + 3
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 129
Direct and indirect Band gap materials-LED structures –Light source materials –
Quantum efficiency and LED power, Modulation of a LED, lasers Diodes-Modes and
Threshold condition –Rate equations –External Quantum efficiency –Resonant
frequencies –Laser Diodes, Temperature effects, Introduction to Quantum laser, Fiber
amplifiers- Power Launching and coupling, Lencing schemes, Fibre –to- Fibre joints,
Fibre splicing.
UNIT IV FIBER OPTICAL RECEIVERS 9 + 3
PIN and APD diodes –Photo detector noise, SNR, Detector Response time, Avalanche
Multiplication Noise –Comparison of Photo detectors –Fundamental Receiver Operation
– preamplifiers, Error Sources –Receiver Configuration –Probability of Error – Quantum
Limit.
UNIT V DIGITAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM 9 + 3
Point-to-Point links System considerations –Link Power budget –Rise - time budget –
Noise Effects on System Performance-Operational Principles of WDM, Solitons-Erbium-
doped Amplifiers. Basic on concepts of SONET/SDH Network. .
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOK
1. Gerd Keiser, ―Optical Fiber Communication‖ McGraw –Hill International,
Singapore, 3rd
ed., 2000
REFERENCES
1. J.Senior, ―Optical Communication, Principles and Practice‖, Prentice Hall of
India, 1994.
2. J.Gower, ―Optical Communication System‖, Prentice Hall of India, 2001.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 130
EC636 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
AIM
To introduce the basic concepts of Digital Communication modulation to baseband,
passband modulation and to give an exposure to error control coding and finally to
discuss about the spread spectrum modulation schemes.
OBJECTIVES
To study pulse modulation and discuss the process of sampling, quantization and coding
that are fundamental to the digital transmission of analog signals.
To learn baseband pulse transmission, which deals with the transmission of pulse-
amplitude, modulated signals in their baseband form.
To learn error control coding which encompasses techniques for the encoding and
decoding of digital data streams for their reliable transmission over noisy channels.
UNIT I PULSE MODULATION 9 + 3
Sampling process –PAM- other forms of pulse modulation –Bandwidth –Noise trade off
–Quantization –PCM- Noise considerations in PCM Systems-TDM- Digital multiplexers-
Virtues, Limitation and modification of PCM-Delta modulation –Linear prediction –
differential pulse code modulation – Adaptive Delta Modulation.
UNIT II BASEBAND PULSE TRANSMISSION 9 + 3
Matched Filter- Error Rate due to noise –Intersymbol Interference- Nyquist‘s criterion for
Distortionless Base band Binary Transmission- Correlative level coding –Baseb and M-
ary PAM transmission –Adaptive Equalization –Eye patterns
UNIT III PASSBAND DATA TRANSMISSION 9 + 3
Introduction – Pass band Transmission model- Generation, Detection, Signal space
diagram, bit error probability and Power spectra of BPSK, QPSK, FSK and MSK
schemes –Differential phase shift keying – Comparison of Digital modulation systems
using a single carrier – Carrier and symbol synchronization.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 131
UNIT IV ERROR CONTROL CODING 9 + 3
Discrete memoryless channels – Linear block codes - Cyclic codes - Convolutional codes
– Maximum likelihood decoding of convolutional codes-Viterbi Algorithm, Trellis coded
Modulation, Turbo codes.
UNIT V SPREAD SPECTRUM MODULATION 9 + 3
Pseudo- noise sequences –a notion of spread spectrum – Direct sequence spread spectrum
with coherent binary phase shift keying – Signal space Dimensionality and processing
gain –Probability of error – Frequency –hop spread spectrum –Maximum length and
Gold codes.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Simon Haykins, ―Communication Systems‖ John Wiley, 4th Edition, 2001
REFERENCES
1. Sam K.Shanmugam ―Analog & Digital Communication‖ John Wiley.
2. John G.Proakis, ―Digital Communication‖ McGraw Hill 3rd
Edition, 1995
3. Taub & Schilling , ―Principles of Digital Communication ― Tata McGraw-Hill‖
28th reprint, 2003
4. Bernard's
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 132
EC651 MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLERS LAB
1. Programs for 8/16 bit Arithmetic operations (Using 8085).
2. Programs for Sorting and Searching (Using 8085, 8086).
3. Programs for String manipulation operations (Using 8086).
4. Programs for Digital clock and Stop watch (Using 8086).
5. Interfacing ADC and DAC.
6. Parallel Communication between two MP Kits using Mode 1 and Mode 2 of
8255.
7. Interfacing and Programming 8279, 8259, and 8253.
8. Serial Communication between two MP Kits using 8251.
9. Interfacing and Programming of Stepper Motor and DC Motor Speed control.
10. Programming using Arithmetic, Logical and Bit Manipulation instructions of
8051microcontroller.
11. Programming and verifying Timer, Interrupts and UART operations in 8031
microcontroller.
12. Communication between 8051 Microcontroller kit and PC.
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 133
EC652 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB
Design and testing of:
1. Inverting, Non inverting and Differential amplifiers.
2. Integrator and Differentiator.
3. Instrumentation amplifier.
4. Active lowpass and bandpass filter.
5. Astable, Monostable multivibrators and Schmitt Trigger using op-amp.
6. Phase shift and Wien bridge oscillator using op-amp.
7. Astable and monostable using NE555 Timer.
8. PLL characteristics and Frequency Multiplier using PLL.
9. DC power supply using LM317 and LM723.
10. Study of SMPS control IC SG3524 / SG3525.
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 134
SEMESTER VII
SYLLABUS
EC731 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
UNIT I OPTICAL NETWORKING COMPONENTS: 9
First- and second-generation optical networks, Components: couplers, isolators,
circulators, multiplexers, filters, amplifiers, switches, and wavelength converters.
UNIT II SONET AND SDH NETWORKS: 9
Integration of TDM signals, Layers, Framing, Transport overhead, Alarms,
Multiplexing, Network elements, Topologies, Protection architectures, Ring
architectures, Network Management.
UNIT III BROADCAST – AND- SELECT NETWORKS: 9
Topologies, Single-hop, Multihop, and Shufflenet multihop networks, Media-
Access control protocols, Test beds.
UNIT IV WAVELENGTH-ROUTING NETWORKS: 9
Node designs, Issues in Network design and operation, Optical layer cost
Tradeoffs, Routing and Wavelength assignment, Wavelength routing test beds.
UNIT V HIGH CAPACITY NETWORKS: 9
SDM, TDM, and WDM approaches, Application areas, Optical TDM Networks:
Multiplexing and demultiplexing, Synchronization, Broadcast networks, Switch-based
networks, OTDM test beds.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES:
[1] Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A practical
perspective, Morgan Kaufmann, 2nd
edition, 2001.
[2] Vivek Alwayn, Optical Network Design and Implementation, Pearson Education,
2004.
[3] Hussein T.Mouftab and Pin-Han Ho, Optical Networks: Architecture and
Survivability, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
[4] Biswanath Mukherjee, Optical Communication Networks, McGraw Hill, 1997
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 135
EC732 VLSI DESIGN
AIM
To introduce the technology, design concepts and testing of Very Large Scale Integrated
Circuits.
OBJECTIVES
To learn the basic CMOS circuits.
To learn the CMOS process technology.
To learn techniques of chip design using programmable devices.
To learn the concepts of designing VLSI subsystems.
To learn the concepts of modeling a digital system using Hardware Description
Language.
UNIT I CMOS TECHNOLOGY 9 + 3
An overview of Silicon semiconductor technology, Basic CMOS technology : nwell, P
well, Twin tub and SOI Process. Interconnects, circuit elements: Resistors, capacitors,
Electrically alterable ROMs, bipolar transistors, Latch up and prevention.
Layout design rules, physical design: basic concepts, CAD tool sets, physical design of
logic gates: Inverter, NAND, NOR, Design Hierarchies.
UNIT II MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY 9 + 3
NMOS, PMOS Enhancement transistor, Threshold voltage, Body effect, MOS DC
equations, channel length modulation, Mobility variation, MOS models, small signal AC
characteristics, complementary CMOS inverter DC characteristics, Noise Margin, Rise
time, fall time, power dissipation, transmission gate, tristate inverter.
UNIT III SPECIFICATION USING VERILOG HDL 9 + 3
Basic Concepts: VLSI Design flow, identifiers, gate primitives, value set, ports, gate
delays, structural gate level and switch level modeling, Design hierarchies, Behavioral
and RTL modeling: Operators, timing controls, Procedural assignments conditional
statements, Data flow modeling and RTL.
Structural gate level description of decoder, equality detector, comparator, priority
encoder, D-latch, D-ff, half adder, Full adder, Ripple Carry adder.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 136
UNIT IV CMOS CHIP DESIGN 9 + 3 –
Logic design with CMOS: MOSFETS as switches, Basic logic gates in CMOS, Complex
logic gates, Transmission gates: Muxes and latches, CMOS chip design options: Full
custom ASICs, Std. Cell based ASICs, Gate Array based ASICs Channelled, Channelless
and structured GA, Programmable logic structures; 22V10, Programming of PALs,
Programmable Interconnect, Reprogrammable GA: Xilinx programmable GA, ASIC
design flow.
UNIT V CMOS TESTING 9 + 3
Need for testing, manufacturing test principles, Design strategies for test, Chip level and
system level test techniques.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Weste & Eshraghian: Principles of CMOS VLSI design (2/e) Addison Wesley,
1993 for UNIT I through UNIT IV.
2. Samir Palnitkar; Verilog HDL - Guide to Digital design and synthesis, III edition,
Pearson Education, 2003 for UNIT V
REFERENCES
1. M.J.S.Smith : Application Specific integrated circuits, Pearson Education, 1997.
2. Wayne Wolf, Modern VLSI Design, Pearson Education 2003.
3. Bob Zeidmin ; Introduction to verilog, Prentice Hall, 1999
4. J . Bhaskar : Verilog HDL Primer, BSP, 2002.
5. E. Fabricious , Introduction to VLSI design, McGraw-Hill 1990.
6. C. Roth, Digital Systems Design Using VHDL, Thomson Learning, 2000.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 137
EC733 COMPUTER NETWORKS
AIM
To introduce the concept, terminologies, and technologies used in modern data
communication and computer networking.
OBJECTIVES
To introduce the students the functions of different layers.
To introduce IEEE standard employed in computer networking.
To make students to get familiarized with different protocols and network components.
UNIT I DATA COMMUNICATIONS 8 + 3
Components – Direction of Data flow – networks – Components and Categories – types
of Connections – Topologies –Protocols and Standards – ISO / OSI model –
Transmission Media – Coaxial Cable – Fiber Optics – Line Coding – Modems – RS232
Interfacing sequences.
UNIT II DAT LINK LAYER 12 + 3
Error – detection and correction – Parity – LRC – CRC – Hamming code – Flow Control
and Error control: stop and wait – go back N ARQ – selective repeat ARQ- sliding
window techniques – HDLC.
LAN: Ethernet IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.4, and IEEE 802.5 – IEEE 802.11–FDDI, SONET
– Bridges.
UNIT III NETWORK LAYER 10 + 3
Internetworks - Packet Switching and Datagram approach – IP addressing methods –
Subnetting – Routing – Distance Vector Routing – Link State Routing – Routers.
UNIT IV TRANSPORT LAYER 8 + 3
Duties of transport layer – Multiplexing – Demultiplexing – Sockets – User Datagram
Protocol (UDP) – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – Congestion Control – Quality
of services (QOS) – Integrated Services.
UNIT V APPLICATION LAYER 7 + 3
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 138
Domain Name Space (DNS) – SMTP, FDP, HTTP, WWW – Security – Cryptography.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Behrouz A. Foruzan, ―Data communication and Networking‖, Tata McGraw-Hill,
2004.
REFERENCES
1. James .F. Kurouse & W. Rouse, ―Computer Networking: A Topdown Approach
Featuring‖, Pearson Education.
2. Larry L.Peterson & Peter S. Davie, ―COMPUTER NETWORKS‖, Harcourt Asia
Pvt. Ltd., Second Edition.
3. Andrew S. Tannenbaum, ―Computer Networks‖, PHI, Fourth Edition, 2003.
4. William Stallings, ―Data and Computer Communication‖, Sixth Edition, Pearson
Education, 2000.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 139
EC734 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
AIM
To enable the student to become familiar with active & passive microwave devices &
components used in Microwave communication systems.
OBJECTIVES
To study passive microwave components and their S- Parameters.
To study Microwave semiconductor devices & applications.
To study Microwave sources and amplifiers.
UNIT I 9 + 3
Microwave Frequencies, Microwave Devices, Microwave Systems, Microwave Units of
Measure, Microwave Hybrid Circuits, Waveguide Tees, Magic Tees (Hybrid Trees),
Hybrid Rings (Rat-Race Circuits), Waveguide Corners, Bends and Twists, Directional
Couplers, Two-Hole Directional Couplers, Z & ABCD Parameters- Introduction to S
parameters, S Matrix of a Directional Coupler, Hybrid Couplers, Circulators and
Isolators, Microwave Circulators, Microwave Isolators.
UNIT II 9 + 3
Transit time limitations in transistors, Microwave bipolar transistors, power frequency
limitations microwave field effect transistors, HEMT, Gunn effect – RWH theory, high –
field domain and modes of operation microwave amplification – Avalance transit time
devices – IMPATT and TRAPATT diodes and comparison parametric amplifiers.
UNIT III TRANSFERRED ELECTRON DEVICES (TEDs) and
AVALANCHETRANSIT-TIME DEVICES 9 + 3
Introduction, Gunn-Effect Diodes – GaAs Diode, Background, Gunn Effect, Ridely-
Watkins-Hilsun (RWH) Theory, Differential Negative Resistance, Two-Valley Model
Theory, High-Field Domain, Modes of Operation, LSA Diodes, InP Diodes, CdTe
Diodes, Microwave Generation and Amplification, Microwave Generation, Microwave
Amplification. AVALANCHE TRANSIT-TIME DEVICES, Introduction, Read Diode,
Physical Description, Avalanche Multiplication, Carrier Current Io(t) and External
Current Ie(t), Output Power and Quality Factor, IMPATT Diodes, Physical Structures,
Negative Resistance, Power Output and Efficiency, TRAPATT Diodes, Physical
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 140
Structures, Principles of Operation, Power Output and Efficiency, BARITT Diodes,
Physical Description, Principles of Operation, Microwave Performance, Parametric
Devices, Physical Structures, Nonlinear Reactance and Manley – Rowe Power Relations,
Parametric Amplifiers, Applications.
UNIT IV MICROWAVE LINEAR-BEAM TUBES (O TYPE) and
MICROWAVE CROSSED-FIELD TUBES (M TYPE) 9 + 3
Klystrons, Reentrant Cavities, Velocity-Modulation Process, Bunching Process, Output
Power and Beam Loading, State of the Art, Multicavity Klystron Amplifiers, Beam-
Current Density, Output Current Output Power of Two-Cavity Klystron, Output Power of
Four-Cavity Klystron, Reflex Klystrons, Velocity Modulation, Power Output and
Efficiency, Electronic Admittance, Helix Traveling-Wave Tubes (TWTs), Slow-Wave
structures, Amplification Process, Convection Current, Axial Electric Field, Wave
Modes, Gain Consideration, MICROWAVE CROSSED-FIELD TUBES , Magnetron
Oscillators, Cylindrical Magnetron, Coaxial Magnetron, Tunable Magnetron, Ricke
diagram.
UNIT V MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS: 9 + 3
Slotted line VSWR measurement, VSWR through return loss measurements, power
measurement, impedance measurement insertion loss and attenuation measurements-
measurement of scattering parameters – Measurement of 1 dB, dielectric constant
measurement of a solid using waveguide
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Samuel Y.LIAO : Microwave Devices and Circuits – Prentice Hall of India – 3rd
Edition (2003)
2. Annapurna Das and Sisir K.Das: Microwave Engineering – Tata McGraw-Hill
(2000) (UNIT V)
REFERENCES
1. R.E. Collin : Foundations for Microwave Engg. – IEEE Press Second Edition
(2002)
2. David M.POZAR : Microwave Engg. – John Wiley & Sons – 2nd
Edition (2003)
3. P.A.RIZZI – Microwave Engg. (Passive ckts) – PH1
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 141
MTEC132 ADVANCED RADIATION SYSTEMS
UNIT I
CONCEPTS OF RADIATION 9
Retarded vector potentials – Heuristic approach and Maxwell‘s equation
approach. The Lorentz gauge condition. Vector potential in Phasor form. Fields radiated
by an alternating current element. Total power radiated and radiation resistance.
Radiation from Half wave dipole from assumed current distribution. Power radiated in
the farfield. Electric vector potential F for a magnetic current source M. Far zone fields
due to magnetic source M.
UNIT II ANTENNA ARRAYS 9
N element linear arrays – uniform amplitude and spacing. Phased arrays.
Directivity of Broadside and End fire arrays. Three dimensional characteristics.
Binomial arrays and Dolph-Tchebycheff arrays. Circular array. Antenna Synthesis- Line
source and discretization of continuous sources. Schelkunoff polynomial method.
Fourier transform method.
UNIT III APERTURE ANTENNAS 9
Magnetic current – Duality. Electric and Magnetic current sheets as sources.
Huyghens source. Radiation through an aperture in an absorbing screen. Fraunhoffer
and Fresnel diffraction. Cornu Spiral. Complimentary screens and slot antennas. Slot
and dipoles as dual antennas. Babinets principle. Fourier transform in aperture antenna
theory.
UNIT IV HORN , MICROSTRIP , REFLECTOR ANTENNAS 9
.
E and H plane sectoral Horns. Pyramidal horns. Conical and corrugated Horns.
Multimode horns. Phase center.
Microstrip antennas – feeding methods. Rectangular patch- Transmission line
model.
Parabolic Reflector antennas – Prime focus and cassegrain reflectors. Equivalent
focal length of Cassegrain antennas. Spillover and taper efficiencies. Optimum
illumination.
UNIT V ANTENNA POLARIZATION. 9
Simple relationship involving spherical triangles. Linear, Elliptical and circular
polarization. Development of the Poincare sphere. Representation of the state of
polarization in the Poincare sphere. Random polarization – Stokes parameters.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 142
REFERENCES
[1] Balanis, C.A., ―Antenna Theory‖ Wiley, 2003
[2] Jordan, E.C., ― Electromagnetic waves and Radiating systems‖. PHI 2003
[3] Krauss, J.D., ―Radio Astronomy‖ McGraw-Hill 1966, for the last unit (reprints
available)
[4] Krauss, J.D.,, Fleisch,D.A., ―Electromagnetics‖ McGraw-Hill,1999
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 143
MTEC133 MODERN DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES
UNIT I POWER SPECTRUM AND COMMUNICATION OVER MEMORYLESS
CHANNEL: 9
PSD of a synchronous data pulse stream; M-ary Markov source;
Convolutionaly coded modulation; Continuous phase modulation – Scalar and vector
communication over memoryless channel – Detection criteria.
UNIT II COHERENT AND NON-COHERENT COMMUNICATION:
9
Coherent receivers – Optimum receivers in WGN – IQ modulation &
demodulation – Noncoherent receivers in random phase channels; M-FSK receivers –
Rayleigh and Rician channels – Partially coherent receives – DPSK; M-PSK; M-
DPSK,-BER Performance Analysis.
UNIT III BANDLIMITED CHANNELS AND DIGITAL MODULATIONS:
9
Eye pattern; demodulation in the presence of ISI and AWGN; Equalization
techniques – IQ modulations; QPSK; QAM; QBOM; -BER Performance Analysis. –
Continuous phase modulation; CPFM; CPFSK; MSK,OFDM.
UNIT IV BLOCK CODED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION:
9
Architecture and performance – Binary block codes; Orthogonal; Biorthogonal;
Transorthogonal – Shannon‘s channel coding theorem; Channel capacity; Matched
filter; Concepts of Spread spectrum communication – Coded BPSK and DPSK
demodulators – Linear block codes; Hammning; Golay; Cyclic; BCH ; Reed – Solomon
codes..
UNIT V CONVOLUTIONAL CODED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION:
9
Representation of codes using Polynomial, State diagram, Tree diagram, and
Trellis diagram – Decoding techniques using Maximum likelihood, Viterbi algorithm,
Sequential and Threshold methods – Error probability performance for BPSK and
Viterbi algorithm, Turbo Coding.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 144
REFERENCES:
[1] M.K.Simon, S.M.Hinedi and W.C.Lindsey, Digital communication techniques;
Signaling and detection, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi. 1995.
[2] Simon Haykin, Digital communications, John Wiley and sons, 1998
[3] Wayne Tomasi, Advanced electronic communication systems, 4th
Edition Pearson
Education Asia, 1998
[4] B.P.Lathi Modern digital and analog communication systems, 3rd
Edition, Oxford
University press 1998.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 145
EC751 VLSI LABORATORY
1. Study of Simulation using tools
2. Study of Synthesis tools
3. Place and Root and Back annotation for FPGAs
4. Study of development tool for FPGAs for schematic entry and verilog
5. Design of traffic light controller using verilog and above tools
6. Design and simulation of pipelined serial and parallel adder to add/ subract 8
number of size, 12 bits each in 2's complement
7. Design and simulation of back annotated verilog files for multiplying two signed,
8 bit numbers in 2's complement. Design must be pipelined and completely RTL
compliant
8. Study of FPGA board (HTTP://www.xess.com) and testing on board LEDs and
switches using verilog codes
9. Testing the traffic controller design developed in SI. NO.5 on the FPGA board
10. Design a Realtime Clock (2 digits, 7 segments LED displays each for HRS.,
MTS, and SECS.) and demonstrate its working on the FPGA board. An
expansion card is required for the displays.
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 146
EC752 OPTICAL AND MICROWAVE LAB
Optical experiments
1. Experiments pertaining to Fiber optics, Optical Communication and Fiber optic
sensors:
2. Numerical aperture determination for fibers and Attenuation Measurement in
Fibers.
3. Mode Characteristics of Fibres – SM Fibres.
4. Coupling Fibers to Semi-Conductor Sources – Connectors & Splices.
5. Fiber optic communication links.
6. LED & Photo Diode Characteristics.
Microwave experiments
1. VSWR Measurements – Determination of terminated impedance
2. Determination of guide wavelength, frequency measurement.
3. Radiation Pattern of Horns, Paraboloids.
4. Microwave Power Measurement.
5. Characteristics of Gunn diode Oscillator.
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 147
VIII SEMESTER
MTEC231 MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
UNIT I
9
OPERATION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Operation of first, second, and third generation wireless networks: cellular systems,
medium access techniques, Mobile networks Elementary Principles of cellular Telephony
Channel Division Techniques (TDMA, FDMA, CDMA) Cellular Coverage Methods
Network Planning and Resource Allocation, Network Dimensioning ,Mobility
Management Procedures
UNIT II
9
PROPAGATION MODELS AND AIR PROTOCOLS
Radio propagation models, error control techniques, handoff, power control, Soft
handover, Forward link ,Reverse link , common air protocols (AMPS, IS-95, IS-136,
GSM, GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, cdma2000, etc)
UNIT III
9
MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
General Architecture definition, Mobile Terminals (MT, SIM)
Radio Section (BTS, BSC) Core Network (MSC, G-MSC, VLR, HLR, AuC)
User and Control Plane Protocol Stack, MAP & SS#7, the Key Role of Signaling
Interfaces and Network Entities Relation The Physical Channel, The Logical Channels
Terminal, Call and Network Management Procedures, Network Planning.
UNIT IV
9
WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS
Wireless Local Area Networks, General Characteristics of the Hyper LAN System,
802.11 Standard, Basic DCF access scheme
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 148
DCF Access Scheme with Handshaking, PCF Access Scheme, The 802.11a Standard,
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, Routing Energy Efficiency,
Localization, Clustering.
UNIT V
9
SECURITY ISSUES IN WIRELESS NETWORKS
Security in Wireless Networks, Secure routing, Key Pre-distribution and Management,
Encryption and Authentication, Security in Group Communication, Trust Establishment
and Management, Denial of Service Attacks, Energy-aware security mechanisms,
Location verification, Security on Data fusion.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] W. Stallings, "Wireless Communications and Networks", Prentice Hall, 2002.
[2] V.K. Garg, "IS-95 CDMA and CDMA 2000", Prentice Hall PTR, 2000.
[3] T.S. Rappaport, "Wireless Communications: Principles & Practice", Second Edition,
Prentice Hall, 2002.
[4] Leon-Garcia and I. Widjaja, "Communication Networks, Fundamental Concepts and
Key Architectures", McGraw-Hill, 2000.
[5] J.Schiller,‖Mobile Communications", Addison Wesley, 2000.
[6] Fred Halsall, "Multimedia Communications, Applications, Networks, Protocols and
Standards", Addison Wesley, 2001.
[7] Uyless Black ,‖Mobile and Wireless Networks‖ , Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 149
MTEC233 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
UNIT I OVERVIEW OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 8
Challenges for Wireless Sensor Networks, Enabling Technologies For Wireless Sensor
Networks.
UNIT II ARCHITECTURES 9
Single-Node Architecture - Hardware Components, Energy Consumption of Sensor
Nodes , Operating Systems and Execution Environments, Network Architecture - Sensor
Network Scenarios, Optimization Goals and Figures of Merit, Gateway Concepts.
UNIT III NETWORKING SENSORS 10
Physical Layer and Transceiver Design Considerations, MAC Protocols for Wireless
Sensor Networks, Low Duty Cycle Protocols And Wakeup Concepts - S-MAC , The
Mediation Device Protocol, Wakeup Radio Concepts, Address and Name Management,
Assignment of MAC Addresses, Routing Protocols- Energy-Efficient Routing,
Geographic Routing.
UNIT IV INFRASTRUCTURE ESTABLISHMENT 9
Topology Control , Clustering, Time Synchronization, Localization and Posit ioning,
Sensor Tasking and Control.
UNIT V SENSOR NETWORK PLATFORMS AND TOOLS 9
Sensor Node Hardware – Berkeley Motes, Programming Challenges, Node-level
software platforms, Node-level Simulators, State-centric programming.
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Holger Karl & Andreas Willig, " Protocols And Architectures for Wireless Sensor
Networks" , John Wiley, 2005.
2. Feng Zhao & Leonidas J. Guibas, ―Wireless Sensor Networks- An Information
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 150
Processing Approach", Elsevier, 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, & Taieb Znati, ―Wireless Sensor Networks-
Technology, Protocols, And Applications‖, John Wiley, 2007.
2. Anna Hac, ―Wireless Sensor Network Designs‖, John Wiley, 2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 151
MTEC234 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
UNIT I
9
ORBITAL MECHANICS
Kepler's laws of motion, Orbits, Orbit Equations, Orbit Description, Locating the Satellite
in the Orbit and with Respect to Earth, Orbital Elements-Look Angle Determination and
Visibility - Orbital Perturbations, Orbit Determination, Launch Vehicles, Orbital Effects
in Communication System - Performance Attitude control; Satellite launch vehicles.
spectrum allocations for satellite systems.
UNIT II
9
SPACECRAFT SUB SYSTEMS AND EARTH STATION
Spacecraft Subsystems, Altitude and Orbit Control, Telemetry and Tracking, Power
Systems, Communication Subsystems, Transponders, Antennas, Equipment Reliability,
Earth Stations, Example of payloads of operating and planned systems.
UNIT III
9
SPACE LINKS
The Space Link, Satellite Link Design - Satellite uplink -down link power Budget, Basic
Transmission Theory, System Noise Temp, G/T Ratio, Noise Figure, Downlink Design,
Design of Satellite Links for Specified C/N - Microwave Propagation on Satellite-Earth
Paths. Interference between satellite circuits, Energy Dispersal, propagation
characteristics of fixed and mobile satellite links.
UNIT IV
9
MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES AND NETWORK ASPECTS
Single access vs. multiple access (MA). Classical MA techniques: FDMA, TDMA.
Single channel per carrier (SCPC) access - Code division multiple access (CDMA).
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 152
Demand assignment techniques. Examples of MA techniques for existing and planned
systems (e.g. the satellite component of UMTS).Mobile satellite network design, ATM
via satellite. TCP/IP via satellite - Call control, handover and call set up procedures.
Hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks.
UNIT V
9
SERVICES AND APPLICATIONS
Fixed and mobile services - Multimedia satellite services - Advanced applications based
on satellite platforms - INTELSAT series - INSAT, VSAT, Remote Sensing - Mobile
satellite service: GSM. GPS, INMARSAT, Navigation System, Direct to Home service
(DTH), Special services, E-mail, Video conferencing and Internet connectivity
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] Dennis Roddy, ―Satellite Communications‖, Third Edition, Mc Graw Hill
International Editions, 2001
[2] Bruce R.Elbert, "The Satellite Communication Applications Hand Book, Artech
House Boston,1997.
[3] Wilbur L.Pritchard, Hendri G.Suyderhood, Robert A.Nelson,"Satellite
Communication Systems Engineering", II Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey,
1993
[4] Tri T.Ha, "Digital satellite communication", 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, New
york.1990
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 153
SYLLABUS OF ELECTIVES
RF SYSTEM DESIGN 3 0 0 100
UNIT I RF ISSUES 9
Importance of RF design, Electromagnetic Spectrum, RF behaviour of passive
components, Chip components and Circuit Board considerations, Scattering
Parameters, Smith Chart and applications.
UNIT II RF FILTER DESIGN 9
Overview , Basic resonator and filter configuration, Special filter realizations,
Filter implementations, Coupled filter.
UNIT III ACTIVE RF COMPONENTS & APPLICATIONS 9
RF diodes, BJT, RF FETs, High electron mobility transistors; Matching and
Biasing Networks – Impedance matching using discrete components, Microstripline
matching networks, Amplifier classes of operation and biasing networks.
UNIT IV RF AMPLIFIER DESIGNS 9
Characteristics, Amplifier power relations, Stability considerations, Constant
gain circles, Constant VSWR circles, Low Noise circuits, Broadband , high power and
multistage amplifiers.
UNIT V OSCILLATORS, MIXERS & APPLICATIONS 9
Basic Oscillator model, High frequency oscillator configuration, Basic
characteristics of Mixers; Phase Locked Loops ; RF directional couplers and hybrid
couplers ; Detector and demodulator circuits.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 154
REFERENCES:
[1] Reinhold Ludwig and Powel Bretchko, RF Circuit Design – Theory and
Applications, Pearson Education Asia, First Edition, 2001.
[2] Joseph . J. Carr, Secrets of RF Circuit Design , McGraw Hill Publishers, Third
Edition, 2000.
[3] Mathew M. Radmanesh, Radio Frequency & Microwave Electronics, Pearson
Education Asia, Second Edition, 2002.
[4] Ulrich L. Rohde and David P. NewKirk, RF / Microwave Circuit Design, John
Wiley & Sons USA 2000.
[5] Roland E. Best, Phase - Locked Loops : Design, simulation and applications,
McGraw Hill Publishers 5TH
edition 2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 155
ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 3 0 0 100
[Review of discrete-time signals and systems- DFT and FFT, Z-Transform,
Digital Filters is recommended]
UNIT I 9
DISCRETE RANDOM SIGNAL PROCESSING
Discrete Random Processes- Ensemble averages, stationary processes,
Autocorrelation and Auto covariance matrices. Parseval's Theorem, Wiener-Khintchine
Relation- Power Spectral Density-Periodogram Spectral Factorization , Filtering
random processes. Low Pass Filtering of White Noise. Parameter estimation: Bias and
consistency.
UNIT II
9
SPECTRUM ESTIMATION
Estimation of spectra from finite duration signals, Non-Parametric Methods-
Correlation Method , Periodogram Estimator, Performance Analysis of Estimators -
Unbiased, Consistent Estimators- Modified periodogram, Bartlett and Welch methods,
Blackman –Tukey method. Parametric Methods - AR, MA, ARMA model based
spectral estimation. Parameter Estimation -Yule-Walker equations, solutions using
Durbin‘s algorithm
UNIT III
9
LINEAR ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION
Linear prediction- Forward and backward predictions, Solutions of the Normal
equations- Levinson-Durbin algorithms. Least mean squared error criterion -Wiener
filter for filtering and prediction , FIR Wiener filter and Wiener IIR filters ,Discrete
Kalman filter
UNIT IV
9
ADAPTIVE FILTERS
FIR adaptive filters -adaptive filter based on steepest descent method-Widrow-
Hoff LMS adaptive algorithm, Normalized LMS. Adaptive channel equalization-
Adaptive echo cancellation-Adaptive noise cancellation- Adaptive recursive filters
(IIR). RLS adaptive filters-Exponentially weighted RLS-sliding window RLS.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 156
UNIT V
9
MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Mathematical description of change of sampling rate - Interpolation and
Decimation , Decimation by an integer factor - Interpolation by an integer factor,
Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor, Filter implementation for sampling rate
conversion- direct form FIR structures, Polyphase filter structures, time-variant
structures. Multistage implementation of multirate system. Application to sub band
coding - Wavelet transform and filter bank implementation of wavelet expansion of
signals.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES:
[1] Monson H.Hayes, Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling, John Wiley
and Sons, Inc.,Singapore, 2002.
[2] John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing Pearson
Education, 2002.
[3] John G. Proakis et.al.,‘Algorithms for Statistical Signal Processing‘, Pearson
Education, 2002.
[4] Dimitris G.Manolakis et.al.,‘Statistical and adaptive signal Processing‘, McGraw
Hill, Newyork,2000.
[5] Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, ‗Digital Image Processing‘, Pearson
Education, Inc., Second Edition, 2004.( For Wavelet Transform Topic)
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 157
ADVANCED MICROWAVE SYSTEMS 3 0 0 100
UNIT I
9
FIELD ANALYSIS OF PLANAR TRANSMISSION LINES
Microstrip Transmission Lines – Attenuation – High frequency properties of Microstrip
lines. Coupled Microstrip lines – even and odd modes. Strip transmission lines – Coupled
strip lines – Fin lines.
UNIT II
9
CIRCUIT THEORY FOR WAVE GUIDE SYSTEMS
Equivalent voltages and currents – Impedance description of waveguide elements and
circuits – one port circuit. Foster‘s reactance theorem. N-port circuits. Two port junctions.
Excitation of waveguides. Probe coupling in rectangular waveguide. Radiation from
linear current elements and current loops. Waveguide coupling by apertures.
UNIT III
9
PERIODIC STRUCTURES AND FILTERS
Wave analysis of periodic structures. Periodic structures composed of Unsymmetrical two
port networks. Terminated Periodic structures. Matching of Periodic structures. Floquet‘s
theorem and spatial Harmonics. Microwave Filters – Image parameter method. Filter
design by insertion loss method. Low pass filter design. Microstrip parallel coupled filter.
UNIT IV
9
MICROWAVE SOLID STATE AMPLIFIERS
S-parameters - Unilateral design of amplifiers – simultaneous conjugate match. Bilateral
design of amplifiers. Amplifier stability. Conditional and unconditional stability criteria.
Amplifier power gain. Constant gain circles. Noise temperature concept. Noise factor and
noise figure. Noise temperature for cascaded stages. Constant noise figure circles. Design
of single stage microwave amplifiers.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 158
UNIT V
9
MICROWAVES AND OPTICS
Geometrical optics as a limiting case of wave optics. Ray matrices for paraxial ray optics.
Gaussian beams. Generation of Gaussian beams at microwave frequencies. The beam
waist. Propagation of Gaussian beams in Homogeneous medium. Transformation of
Gaussian beams with lenses.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] R.E.Collin, ― Foundations for Microwave Engineering‖, McGraw-Hill, 1992.
[2] Ramo, Whinnery and Van Duzer : ―Fields and Waves in communication electronics‖.
3rd
Edition., Wiley, 1997.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 159
COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL ENGINEERING 3 0 0 100
UNIT I
9
NETWORK REFERENCE MODEL
Communication model-software, subsystems, protocol, protocol development methods,
Protocol engineering process, Layered architecture, Network services and Interfaces,
Protocol functions, OSI model ,TCP/IP protocol suite
UNIT II
9
PROTOCOL SPECIFICATIONS
Components of protocol, Specifications of Communication service, Protocol entity,
Interface, Interactions, Multimedia protocol, Internet protocol, SDL, SDL based protocol-
other protocol specification languages
UNIT III
9
PROTOCOL VERIFICATION/VALIDATION
Protocol verification, Verification of a protocol using finite state machines, Protocol
validation, protocol design errors, Protocol validation approaches, SDL based protocol
verification and validation
UNIT IV
9
PROTOCOL CONFORMANCE/PERFORMANCE TESTING
Conformance testing methodology and frame work, Conformance test architectures, Test
sequence generation methods, Distributed architecture by local methods, Conformance
testing with TTCN, systems with semi controllable interfaces - RIP,SDL based tools for
conformance testing, SDL based conformance testing of MPLS Performance testing, SDL
based performance testing of TCP and OSPF, Interoperability testing, SDL based
interoperability testing of CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA protocol using Bridge, Scalability
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 160
testing
UNIT V
9
PROTOCOL SYNTHESIS AND IMPLEMENTATION
Protocol synthesis, Interactive synthesis algorithm, Automatic synthesis algorithm,
Automatic synthesis of SDL from MSC, Protocol Re-synthesis; Requirements of protocol
implementation, Object based approach to protocol implementation, Protocol compilers,
Tool for protocol engineering
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] Pallapa Venkataram and Sunilkumar S.Manvi, ―Communication protocol
Engineering‖, Eastern Economy edition, 2004
[2] Richard Lai and Jirachiefpattana, ―Communication Protocol Specification and
Verification‖, Kluwer Publishers, Boston, 1998.
[3] Tarnay, K., ―Protocol Specification and Testing‖, Plenum, New York, 1991.
[4] Mohamed G. Gouda, ―Elements of Network Protocol Design‖, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. New York, USA, 1998
[5] V.Ahuja, ―Design and Analysis of Computer Communication networks‖, McGraw-
Hill, London, 1982.
[6] G.J.Holtzmann, ―Design and validation of Computer protocols‖, Prentice Hall, New
York, 1991.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 161
DSP PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING 3 0 0 100
UNIT I
9
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMABLE DSPs
Multiplier and Multiplier accumulator – Modified Bus Structures and Memory access in
P-DSPs – Multiple access memory – Multi-port memory – VLIW architecture- Pipelining
– Special Addressing modes in P-DSPs – On chip Peripherals.
UNIT II
9
TMS320C5X PROCESSOR
Architecture – Assembly language syntax - Addressing modes – Assembly language
Instructions - Pipeline structure, Operation – Block Diagram of DSP starter kit –
Application Programs for processing real time signals.
UNIT III
9
TMS320C3X PROCESSOR
Architecture – Data formats - Addressing modes – Groups of addressing modes-
Instruction sets - Operation – Block Diagram of DSP starter kit – Application Programs
for processing real time signals – Generating and finding the sum of series, Convolution
of two sequences, Filter design
UNIT IV
9
ADSP PROCESSORS
Architecture of ADSP-21XX and ADSP-210XX series of DSP processors- Addressing
modes and assembly language instructions – Application programs –Filter design, FFT
calculation.
UNIT V
9
ADVANCED PROCESSORS
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 162
Architecture of TMS320C54X: Pipe line operation, Code Composer studio - Architecture
of TMS320C6X - Architecture of Motorola DSP563XX – Comparison of the features of
DSP family processors.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] B.Venkataramani and M.Bhaskar, ―Digital Signal Processors – Architecture,
Programming and Applications‖ – Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing Company
Limited. New Delhi, 2003.
[2] User guides Texas Instrumentation, Analog Devices, Motorola.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 163
WAVELETS AND MUTIRESOLUTION PROCESSING 3 0 0 100
UNIT I
9
INTRODUCTION
Vector Spaces - properties - dot product - basis - dimension, orthogonality and
orthonormality - relationship between vectors and signals - Signal spaces - concept
of Convergence - Hilbert spaces for energy signals - Generalised Fourier Expansion.
UNIT II
9
MULTI RESOLUTION ANALYSIS
Definition of Multi Resolution Analysis (MRA) – Haar basis - Construction of general
orthonormal MRA-Wavelet basis for MRA – Continuous time MRA interpretation for the
DTWT – Discrete time MRA- Basis functions for the DTWT – PRQMF filter banks
UNIT III
9
CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM
Wavelet Transform - definition and properties - concept of scale and its relation with
frequency - Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) - Scaling function and wavelet
functions (Daubechies, Coiflet, Mexican Hat, Sinc, Gaussian, Bi-Orthogonal) - Tiling
of time -scale plane for CWT.
UNIT IV
9
DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM
Filter Bank and sub band coding principles - Wavelet Filters - Inverse DWT
computation by Filter banks -Basic Properties of Filter coefficients - Choice of wavelet
function coefficients - Derivations of Daubechies Wavelets -Mallat's algorithm for DWT
– Multi-band Wavelet transforms.
Lifting Scheme: Wavelet Transform using Polyphase matrix Factorization - Geometrical
foundations of lifting scheme - Lifting scheme in Z -domain
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 164
UNIT V
9
APPLICATIONS
Signal Compression – Image Compression techniques: EZW-SPHIT Coding - Image
denoising techniques: Noise estimation - Shrinkage rules -. Shrinkage Functions - Edge
detection and object Isolation, Image Fusion, and Object Detection. Curve and Surface
Editing- Variational modeling and finite element method using wavelets.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] Rao .R.M and A.S.Bopardikar, "Wavelet Transforms: Introduction to theory and
Applications‖, Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., 2000.
[2] K.P.Soman and K.I.Ramachandran,‖ Insight into Wavelets – From Theory to
practice‖, Prentice- Hall, 2004.
[3] Strang G, Nguyen T, "Wavelets and Filter Banks," Wellesley Cambridge Press,
1996
[4] Vetterli M, Kovacevic J., "Wavelets and Sub-band Coding," Prentice Hall,
1995
[5] Mallat S., "Wavelet Signal Processing‖, Academic Press, 1996
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 165
SPEECH AND AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING 3 0 0 100
UNIT I
MECHANICS OF SPEECH 9
Speech production mechanism – Nature of Speech signal – Discrete time modelling of
Speech production – Representation of Speech signals – Classification of Speech sounds
– Phones – Phonemes – Phonetic and Phonemic alphabets – Articulatory features.
Music production – Auditory perception – Anatomical pathways from the ear to the
perception of sound – Peripheral auditory system – Psycho acoustics
UNIT II
TIME DOMAIN METHODS FOR SPEECH PROCESSING 9
Time domain parameters of Speech signal – Methods for extracting the parameters
Energy, Average Magnitude – Zero crossing Rate – Silence Discrimination using ZCR
and energy – Short Time Auto Correlation Function – Pitch period estimation using Auto
Correlation Function
UNIT III
FREQUENCY DOMAIN METHOD FOR SPEECH PROCESSING 9
Short Time Fourier analysis – Filter bank analysis – Formant extraction – Pitch
Extraction – Analysis by Synthesis- Analysis synthesis systems- Phase vocoder—
Channel Vocoder. Homomorphic speech analysis: Cepstral analysis of Speech – Formant
and Pitch Estimation – Homomorphic Vocoders.
UNIT IV
LINEAR PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS OF SPEECH 9
Formulation of Linear Prediction problem in Time Domain – Basic Principle – Auto
correlation method – Covariance method – Solution of LPC equations – Cholesky
method – Durbin‘s Recursive algorithm – lattice formation and solutions – Comparison
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 166
of different methods – Application of LPC parameters – Pitch detection using LPC
parameters – Formant analysis – VELP – CELP.
UNIT V
APPLICATION OF SPEECH & AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING 9
Algorithms: Spectral Estimation, dynamic time warping, hidden Markov model – Music
analysis – Pitch Detection – Feature analysis for recognition – Music synthesis –
Automatic Speech Recognition – Feature Extraction for ASR – Deterministic sequence
recognition – Statistical Sequence recognition – ASR systems – Speaker identification
and verification – Voice response system – Speech Synthesis: Text to speech, voice over
IP.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] Ben Gold and Nelson Morgan, Speech and Audio Signal Processing, John Wiley
and Sons Inc. , Singapore, 2004
[2] L.R.Rabiner and R.W.Schaffer – Digital Processing of Speech signals – Prentice
Hall -1978
[3] Quatieri – Discrete-time Speech Signal Processing – Prentice Hall – 2001.
[4] J.L.Flanagan – Speech analysis: Synthesis and Perception – 2nd
edition – Berlin –
1972
[5] I.H.Witten – Principles of Computer Speech – Academic Press – 1982
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 167
NETWORK ROUTING ALGORITHMS 3 0 0 100
UNIT I
9
CIRCUIT SWITCHING NETWORKS
AT & T‘s Dynamic Routing Network, Routing in Telephone Network-Dynamic Non
Hierarchical Routing-Trunk Status Map Routing-Real Time Network Routing, Dynamic
Alternative Routing-Distributed Adaptive Dynamic Routing-Optimized Dynamic Routing
UNIT II 9
PACKET SWITCHING NETWORKS
Distance vector Routing, Link State Routing, Inter domain Routing-Classless
Interdomain routing (CIDR), Interior Gateway routing protocols (IGRP) - Routing
Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Exterior Gateway Routing
Protocol (EGRP) - Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Apple Talk Routing and SNA
Routing
UNIT III 9
HIGH SPEED NETWORKS
Routing in optical networks-The optical layer, Node Designs, Network design and
operation, Optical layer cost tradeoffs, Routing and wavelength assignment, Architectural
variations, Routing in ATM networks-ATM address structure, ATM Routing, PNNI
protocol, PNNI signaling protocol, Routing in the PLANET network and Deflection
Routing.
UNIT IV 9
MOBILE NETWORKS
Routing in Cellular Mobile Radio Communication networks-Mobile Network
Architecture, Mobility management in cellular systems, Connectionless Data service for
cellular systems, Mobility and Routing in Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) network,
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 168
Packet Radio Routing-DARPA packet radio network, Routing algorithms for small,
medium and large sized packet radio networks.
UNIT V 9
MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS (MANET)
Internet based mobile ad-hoc networking, communication strategies, routing algorithms –
Table-driven routing - Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Source initiated
on-demand routing- Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad-hoc On- demand Distance
Vector (AODV), Hierarchical based routing- Cluster head Gateway Switch Routing
(CGSR) and Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), Quality of Service.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] M. Steen strub, ―Routing in Communication networks‖, Prentice Hall International,
NewYork, 1995.
[2] ―Internetworking Technologies Handbook‖, Fourth Edition, Inc. Cisco Systems,
ILSG Cisco Systems, 2003.
[3] William Stallings, ―ISDN and Broadband ISDN with Frame Relay and ATM‖, PHI,
New Delhi, 2004.
[4] Behrouz A Forouzan, ―Data Communications and Networking (3/e), TMH, 2004
[5] William Stallings, ―High Speed Networks TCP/IP and ATM Design Principles‖,
Prentice Hall International, New York, 1998.
[6] Mohammad Ilyas, ―The Handbook of Ad hoc Wireless Networks‖
CRC Press, 2002.
[7] Vijay K.Garg, ―Wireless Network Evolution: 2G to 3G‖, Pearson Education, New
Delhi, India, 2003.
[8] Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N.Sivarajan, ―Optical Networks‖,Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers,1998.
[9] Sumit Kasera and Pankaj sethi, ‖ATM Networks‖, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company limited, New Delhi,2001.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 169
[10] IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special issue on Wireless Ad-
hoc Networks, Vol. 17, No.8, 1999.
[11] Scott. M. Corson, Joseph P. Macker, Gregory H. Cirincione, IEEE Internet
Computing Vol.3, No. 4, 1999.
[12] Alder M.Scheideler.Ch. Annual ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and
Architectures, ACM, NewYork 1998.
[13] http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/
[14] www.moment.cs.ucsb.edu
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 170
SIMULATION OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS & NETWORKS
3 1 0 100
UNIT I 9 + 3
MODELLING OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Model of speech and picture signals, Pseudo noise sequences, Non-linear sequences,
Analog channel model, Noise and fading, Digital channel model-Gilbert model of bursty
channels, HF, Troposcatter and satellite channels, Switched telephone channels, Analog
and Digital communication system models, Light wave system models.
UNIT II 9 + 3
SIMULATION OF RANDOM VARIABLES AND RANDOM PROCESS
Univariate and multivariate models, Transformation of random variables, Bounds and
approximation, Random process models-Markov and ARMA Sequences, Sampling rate
for simulation, Computer generation and testing of random numbers
UNIT III 9 + 3
ESTIMATION OF PERFORMANCE MEASURES
Quality of an estimator, estimator for SNR, Probability density functions of analog
communication system, BER of digital communication systems, Monte Carlo method and
Importance of sampling method, estimation of power spectral density
UNIT IV 9 + 3
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Queuing models, M/M/I and M/M/I/N queues, Little formula, Burke's theorem ,M/G/I
queue, Embedded Markov chain analysis of TDM systems, Polling, Random access
systems
UNIT V 9 + 3
NETWORK OF QUEUES
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 171
Queues in tandem, store and forward communication networks, capacity allocation,
Congestion and flow chart, Routing model, Network layout and Reliability
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
REFERENCES
[1] M.C.Jeruchim,Philip Balaban and K.Sam Shanmugam, "Simulation of
communication systems", Plenum Press, New York,1992
[2] A.M.Law and W.David Kelton, "Simulation Modelling and analysis", Mc Graw Hill
Inc., New York ,1991
[3] J.F.Hayes, ―Modelling and Analysis of Computer Communication networks‖, Plenum
Press, New York,1984
[4] Jerry Banks and John S.Carson, ―Discrete-event System Simulation‖, Prentice Hall
Inc., New Jersey,1984
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 172
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
History of GPS – BC-4 System – HIRAN – NNSS – NAVSTAR GLONASS and GNSS
Systems – GPS Constellation – Space Segment – Control Segment – User Segment –
Single and Dual Frequency – Point – Relative – Differential GPS – Static and Kinematic
Positioning – 2D and 3D – reporting Anti Spoofing (AS); Selective Availability (SA) –
DOP Factors.
UNIT II 9
Coordinate Systems – Geo Centric Coordinate System – Conventional Terrestrial
Reference System – Orbit Description – Keplerian Orbit – Kepler Elements – Satellite
Visibility – Topocentric Motion – Disturbed Satellite Motion – Perturbed Motion –
Disturbing Accelerations - Perturbed Orbit – Time Systems – Astronomical Time System
– Atomic Time – GPS Time – Need for Coordination – Link to Earth Rotation – Time and
Earth Motion Services.
UNIT III 9
C/A code; P-code; Y-code; L1, L2 Carrier frequencies – Code Pseudo Ranges – Carries
Phases – Pseudo Ranges – Satellite Signal Signature – Navigation Messages and Formats
– Undifferenced and Differenced Range Models – Delta Ranges – Signal Processing and
Processing Techniques – Tracking Networks – Ephemerides – Data Combination: Narrow
Lane; Wide Lane – OTF Ambiguity.
UNIT IV 9
Propagation Media – Multipath – Antenna Phase Centre – Atmosphere in brief –
Elements of Wave Propagation – Ionospheric Effects on GPS Observations – Code Delay
– Phase Advances – Integer Bias – Clock Error – Cycle Slip – Noise-Bias – Blunders –
Tropospheric Effects on GPS Oberservables – Multipath Effect – Antenna Phase Centre
Problems and Correction.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 173
UNIT V 9
Inter Disciplinary Applications – Crystal Dynamics – Gravity Field Mapping –
Atmospheric Occulation – Surveying – Geophysics – Air borne GPS – Ground
Transportation – Space borne GPS – Metrological and Climate Research using GPS.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] B.Hoffman - Wellenhof, H.Lichtenegger and J.Collins, "GPS: Theory and Practice",
4th revised edition, Springer, Wein, New york,1997
[2] A.Leick, "GPS Satellites Surveying", 2nd edition, John Wiley &
Sons,NewYork,1995
[3] B.Parkinson, J.Spilker, Jr.(Eds), "GPS: Theory and Applications", Vol.I & Vol.II,
AIAA, 370 L'Enfant Promenade SW, Washington, DC 20024, 1996
[4] A.Kleusberg and P.Teunisen(Eds), ―GPS for Geodesy‖, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,1996
[5] L.Adams, "The GPS - A Shared National Asset‖, Chair, National Academy Press,
Washington, DC, 1995
Websites:
[6] http://www.auslig.gov.au
[7] http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov
[8] http://gibs.leipzig.ifag.de
[9] http://www.navcen.uscg.mil
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 174
COMMUNICATION NETWORK SECURITY 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
SYMMETRIC CIPHERS (Techniques and Standards) –I
Introduction – Services, Mechanisms and Attacks, OSI security Architecture, Model for
network Security; Classical Encryption Techniques- Symmetric Cipher Model,
Substitution Techniques, Transposition Techniques, Rotor Machines, Stegnography;
Block Ciphers and Data Encryption Standard- Simplified DES, Block Cipher Principles,
Data Encryption Standard, Strength of DES, Differential and Linear Crypt Analysis,
Block Cipher Design Principles, Block Cipher Modes of Operation.
UNIT II 9
SYMMETRIC CIPHERS (Techniques and Standards) – II
Advanced Encryption Standard- Evaluation Criteria for AES, AES Cipher; Contemporary
Symmetric Ciphers- Triple DES, Blowfish, RC5, Characteristics of Advanced Symmetric
Block Ciphers, RC4 Stream Cipher; Confidentiality using Symmetric Encryption-
Placement of Encryption Function, Traffic Confidentiality, Key Distribution, and
Random Number Generation.
UNIT III 9
PUBLIC-KEY ENCRYPTION AND HASH FUNCTIONS
Public Key Cryptography and RSA- Principles of Public Key Cryptosystems, RSA
Algorithm; Key Management and other public key cryptosystems- Key Management,
Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange, Elliptic Curve arithmetic, Elliptic Curve Cryptography;
Message Authentication and Hash Functions- Authentication Requirements,
Authentication Functions, Message Authentication Codes, Hash Functions and MACs;
Hash Algorithms- MD5 Message Digest Algorithm; Secure Hash Algorithm, RIPEMD
160, HMAC; Digital Signatures and Authentication Protocols- Digital Signatures,
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 175
Authentication Protocols, Digital Signature Standards.
UNIT IV 9
NETWORK SECURITY PRACTICE
Authentication Applications- Kerberos, X.509 Authentication Service; Electronic Mail
Security- Pretty Good Privacy, S/MIME; IP Security- IP Security Overview, IP Security
Architecture, Authentication Header, Encapsulating Security Payload, Combining
Security Associations; Web Security- Web Security Considerations, Secure Sockets Layer
and Transport Layer Security, Secure Electronic Transaction.
UNIT V 9
SYSTEM SECURITY
Intruders- Intruder Detection, Password Management; Malicious Software- Virus and
Related Threats, Virus Counter Measures; Firewalls- Firewall Design Principles, Trusted
Systems.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] William Stallings, ―Cryptography and Network Security‖, 3ed. Prentice Hall of
India, New Delhi ,2004
[2] William Stallings, ―Network Security Essentials‖, 2 ed. Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi, 2004
[3] Charlie Kaufman , ―Network Security: Private Communication in Public World‖, 2
edition. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi , 2004
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 176
SOFT COMPUTING 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Basic concepts-single layer perceptron-Multi layer perceptron-Adaline-Madaline-
Learning rules-Supervised learning-Back propagation networks-Training algorithm,
Practical difficulties, Advanced algorithms-Adaptive network- Radial basis network-
modular network-Applications
UNIT II 9
UNSUPERVISED NETWORKS
Introduction- unsupervised learning -Competitive learning networks-Kohonen self
organising networks-Learning vector quantisation - Hebbian learning - Hopfield network-
Content addressable nature, Binary Hopfield network, Continuous Hopfield network
Travelling Salesperson problem - Adaptive resonance theory –Bidirectional Associative
Memory-Principle component Analysis
UNIT III 9
FUZZY SYSTEMS
Fuzzy sets-Fuzzy rules: Extension principle, Fuzzy relation- fuzzy reasoning – fuzzy
inference systems: Mamdani model, Sugeno model. Tsukamoto model -Fuzzy decision
making- Multiobjective Decision Making,-Fuzzy classification-Fuzzy control methods -
Application
UNIT IV 9
NEURO-FUZZY MODELLING
Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy based inference systems – classification and regression trees:
decision tress, Cart algorithm – Data clustering algorithms: K means clustering, Fuzzy C
means clustering, Mountain clustering, Subtractive clustering – rule base structure
identification – Neuro fuzzy control: Feedback Control Systems, Expert Control, Inverse
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 177
Learning, Specialized Learning, Back propagation through Real –Time Recurrent
Learning.
UNIT V 9
GENETIC ALGORITHM
Fundamentals of genetic algorithm-Mathematical foundations-Genetic modeling-Survival
of the fittest-crossover-Inversion and Deletion-mutation-reproduction-Generational cycle-
rank method-rank space method- Other derivative free optimization-simulated annealing,
Random search, Downhill simplex search-Application
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] Jang J.S.R.,Sun C.T and Mizutani E – ―Neuro Fuzzy and Soft computing‖, Pearson
education (Singapore) 2004
[2] David E.Goldberg : ―Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine
Learning‖, Pearson Education, Asia,1996
[3] Laurene Fauseett:‖Fundamentals of Neural Networks‖, Prentice Hall India,
New Delhi,1994.
[4] Timothy J.Ross:‖Fuzzy Logic Engineering Applications‖, McGrawHill,
NewYork,1997.
[5] S.Rajasekaran and G.A.Vijayalakshmi Pai ―Neural networks,Fuzzy logics,and
Genetic algorithms‖, Prentice Hall of India,2003
[6] George J.Klir and Bo Yuan,‖Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic‖,Prentice Hall Inc., New
Jersey,1995
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 178
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION RECEIVERS 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
REVIEW OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES
Base band and band pass communication, signal space representation, linear and non-
linear modulation techniques, and spectral characteristics of digital modulation.
UNIT II 9
OPTIMUM RECEIVERS FOR AWGN CHANNEL
Correlation demodulator, matched filter, maximum likelihood sequence detector,
Optimum receiver for CPM signals, M-ary orthogonal signals, envelope detectors for M-
ary and correlated binary signals.
UNIT III 9
RECEIVERS FOR FADING CHANNELS
Characterization of fading multiple channels, statistical models, slow fading, frequency
selective fading, diversity technique, RAKE demodulator, coded waveform for fading
channel
UNIT IV 9
SYNCHRONIZATION TECHNIQUES
Carrier and symbol synchronization, carrier phase estimation – PLL, Decision directed
loops, symbol timing estimation, maximum likelihood and non-decision directed timing
estimation, joint estimation.
UNIT V 9
ADAPTIVE EQUALIZATION
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 179
Zero forcing algorithm, LMS algorithm, Adaptive decision – feedback equalizer, and
equalization of Trellis-coded signals, Kalman algorithm, blind equalizers, and stochastic
gradient algorithm, Echo cancellation L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] Heinrich Meyer, Mare Moeneclacy and Stefan.A. Fechtel, ―Digital Communication
Receivers‖, Vol I & II, John Wiley, New York, 1997
[2] John. G. Proakis, ―Digital Communication‖, 4th ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 2001
[3] E.A. Lee and D.G. Messerschmitt, ―Digital Communication‖, 2nd
edition, Allied
Publishers, New Delhi, 1994
[4] Simon Marvin, ―Digital Communication Over Fading channel; An unified approach
to performance Analysis‖, John Wiley, New York, 2000
[5] Bernard Sklar, ―Digital Communication Fundamentals and Applications, Prentice
Hall, 1998
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 180
ADVANCED MICROPROCESSORS AND MICRO CONTROLLERS
3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE
Instruction set – Data formats – Instruction formats – Addressing modes –
Memory hierarchy – register file – Cache – Virtual memory and paging – Segmentation
– Pipelining – The instruction pipeline – pipeline hazards – Instruction level parallelism
– reduced instruction set – Computer principles – RISC versus CISC – RISC properties
– RISC evaluation – On-chip register files versus cache evaluation
UNIT II 9
HIGH PERFORMANCE CISC ARCHITECTURE – PENTIUM
The software model – functional description – CPU pin descriptions – RISC
concepts – bus operations – Super scalar architecture – pipe lining – Branch prediction
– The instruction and caches – Floating point unit –protected mode operation –
Segmentation – paging – Protection – multitasking – Exception and interrupts – Input
/Output – Virtual 8086 model – Interrupt processing -Instruction types – Addressing
modes – Processor flags – Instruction set -programming the Pentium processor.
UNIT III 9
HIGH PERFORMANCE RISC ARCHITECTURE: ARM
The ARM architecture – ARM assembly language program – ARM organization
and implementation – The ARM instruction set - The thumb instruction set – ARM
CPU cores.
UNIT IV 9
MOTOROLA 68HC11 MICROCONTROLLERS
Instructions and addressing modes – operating modes – Hardware reset –
Interrupt system – Parallel I/O ports – Flags – Real time clock – Programmable timer –
pulse accumulator – serial communication interface – A/D converter – hardware
expansion – Assembly language Programming
UNIT V 9
PIC MICRO CONTROLLER
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 181
CPU architecture – Instruction set - Interrupts – Timers – I/O port expansion –
I2C bus for peripheral chip access – A/D converter – UART
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES :
[1] Daniel Tabak , ‗‘ Advanced Microprocessors‖ McGraw Hill.Inc., 1995
[2] James L. Antonakos, ―The Pentium Microprocessor ‗‘ Pearson Education, 1997.
[3] Steve Furber, ‗‘ ARM System –On –Chip architecture ―Addison Wesley, 2000.
[4] Gene .H.Miller.‖ Micro Computer Engineering,‖ Pearson Education, 2003.
[5] John .B.Peatman, ―Design with PIC Microcontroller, Prentice hall, 1997.
[6] James L.Antonakos,‖ An Introduction to the Intel family of Microprocessors ‗‘
Pearson Education 1999.
[7] Barry.B.Breg,‖ The Intel Microprocessors Architecture , Programming and
Interfacing ―, PHI, 2002.
[8] Valvano "Embedded Microcomputer Systems" Thomson Asia PVT LTD first reprint
2001
[9] www.ocw.nit.edu
[10] www.arm.com
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 182
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS:
Elements of digital image processing systems, Elements of visual perception,
psycho visual model, brightness, contrast, hue, saturation, mach band effect, Color image
fundamentals -RGB,HSI models, Image sampling, Quantization, dither, Two-dimensional
mathematical preliminaries.
UNIT II 9
IMAGE TRANSFORMS:
1D DFT, 2D transforms – DFT, DCT, Discrete Sine, Walsh, Hadamard, Slant,
Haar, KLT, SVD, Wavelet Transform.
UNIT III 9
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND RESTORATION:
Histogram modification and specification techniques, Noise distributions, Spatial
averaging, Directional Smoothing, Median, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean,
Contraharmonic and Yp mean filters, Homomorphic filtering, Color image enhancement.
Image Restoration – degradation model, Unconstrained and Constrained restoration,
Inverse filtering – removal of blur caused by uniform linear motion, Wiener filtering,
Geometric transformations – spatial transformations, Gray-Level interpolation.
UNIT IV 9
IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND RECOGNITION:
Edge detection. Image segmentation by region growing, region splitting and
merging, edge linking.. Image Recognition – Patterns and pattern classes, Matching by
minimum distance classifier, Matching by correlation, Back Propagation Neural
Network, Neural Network applications in Image Processing.
UNIT V 9
IMAGE COMPRESSION:
Need for data compression, Huffman,. Run Length Encoding, Shift codes,
Arithmetic coding, Vector Quantization, Block Truncation Coding. Transform Coding –
DCT and Wavelet. JPEG, MPEG. Standards, Concepts of Context based Compression.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 183
REFERENCES:
[1] Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, ‗Digital Image Processing‘, Pearson
Education, Inc., Second Edition, 2004.
[2] Anil K. Jain, ‗Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing‘, Prentice Hall of India,
2002.
[3] David Salomon : Data Compression – The Complete Reference, Springer Verlag
New York Inc., 2nd
Edition, 2001
[4] Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, Steven Eddins, ‗ Digital Image Processing
using MATLAB‘, Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.
[5] William K.Pratt, ‗ Digital Image Processing‘, John Wiley, NewYork, 2002.
[6] Milman Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac, Roger Boyle, ‗Image Processing, Analysis, and
Machine Vision‘, Brooks/Cole, Vikas Publishing House, II ed., 1999.
[7] Sid Ahmed, M.A., ‗Image Processing Theory, Algorithms and Architectures‘,
McGrawHill, 1995.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 184
INTERNETWORKING MULTIMEDIA 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING
Digital sound, video and graphics, basic multimedia networking, multimedia
characteristics, evolution of Internet services model, network requirements for audio/
video transform, multimedia coding and compression for text, image, audio and video.
UNIT II 9
BROADBAND NETWORK TECHNOLOGY
Broadband services, ATM and IP, IPV6, High speed switching, resource reservation,
Buffer management, traffic shaping, caching, scheduling, and policing, throughput, delay
and jitter performance. Storage and media services, voice and video over IP, MPEG-2
over ATM/IP, indexing synchronization of requests, recording and remote control.
UNIT III 9
RELIABLE TRANSPORT PROTOCOL AND APPLICATIONS
Multicast over shared media network, multicast routing and addressing, scaling multicast
and NBMA networks, Reliable transport protocols, TCP adaptation algorithm, RTP,
RTCP. MIME, Peer- to-Peer computing, shared application, video conferencing,
centralized and distributed conference control, distributed virtual reality, light weight
session philosophy.
UNIT IV 9
MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION STANDARDS
Objective of MPEG- 7 standard, Functionalities and systems of MPEG-7, MPEG-21
Multimedia Framework Architecture, - Content representation, Content Management and
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 185
usage, Intellectual property management, Audio visual system- H322: Guaranteed QOS
LAN systems; MPEG_4 video Transport across internet.
UNIT V 9
MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION ACROSS NETWORKS
Packet Audio/video in the network environment, video transport across Generic
networks- Layered video coding, error Resilient video coding techniques, Scalable Rate
control, Streaming video across Internet, Multimedia transport across ATM networks and
IP network, Multimedia across wireless networks.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] Jon Crowcroft, Mark Handley, Ian Wakeman, Internetworking Multimedia,
Harcourt Asia Pvt. Ltd. Singapore, 1998.
[2] B.O. Szuprowicz, Multimedia Networking, McGraw Hill, Newyork. 1995
[3] Tay Vaughan, Multimedia - Making it to work, 4ed, Tata McGraw Hill , NewDelhi,
2000.
[4] K.R.Rao, Zoran S. Bojkovic and Dragorad A. Milovanovic, Multimedia
Communication systems, PHI , 2003
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 186
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY IN SYSTEM
DESIGN 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
EMI ENVIRONMENT
EMI/EMC concepts and definitions, Sources of EMI, conducted and radiated EMI,
Transient EMI, Time domain Vs Frequency domain EMI, Units of measurement
parameters, Emission and immunity concepts, ESD.
UNIT II 9
EMI COUPLING PRINCIPLES
Conducted, Radiated and Transient Coupling, Common Impedance Ground Coupling,
Radiated Common Mode and Ground Loop Coupling, Radiated Differential Mode
Coupling, Near Field Cable to Cable Coupling, Power Mains and Power Supply
coupling.
UNIT III 9
EMI/EMC STANDARDS AND MEASUREMENTS
Civilian standards - FCC,CISPR,IEC,EN,Military standards - MIL STD 461D/462, EMI
Test Instruments /Systems, EMI Shielded Chamber, Open Area Test Site, TEM Cell,
Sensors/Injectors/Couplers, Test beds for ESD and EFT, Military Test Method and
Procedures (462).
UNIT IV 9
EMI CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Shielding, Filtering, Grounding, Bonding, Isolation Transformer, Transient Suppressors,
Cable Routing, Signal Control, Component Selection and Mounting.
UNIT V 9
EMC DESIGN OF PCBs
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 187
PCB Traces Cross Talk, Impedance Control, Power Distribution Decoupling, Zoning,
Motherboard Designs and Propagation Delay Performance Models.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] Henry W.Ott, "Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems", John Wiley and
Sons, NewYork. 1988.
[2] C.R.Paul, ―Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility‖ , John Wiley and Sons,
Inc, 1992
[3] V.P.Kodali, "Engineering EMC Principles, Measurements and Technologies", IEEE
Press, 1996.
[4] Bernhard Keiser, "Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility", Artech house, 3rd
Ed, 1986.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 188
HIGH PERFORMANCE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
3 1 0 100
UNIT I 9 + 3
PACKET SWITCHED NETWORKS
OSI and IP models, Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), Token ring (IEEE 802.5), Wireless LAN
(IEEE 802.11) FDDI, DQDB, SMDS: Internetworking with SMDS
UNIT II 9 + 3
ISDN AND BROADBAND ISDN
ISDN - overview, interfaces and functions, Layers and services - Signaling System 7
(SS7)- Broadband ISDN architecture and Protocols.
UNIT III 9 + 3
ATM AND FRAME RELAY
ATM: Main features-addressing, signaling and routing, ATM header structure-adaptation
layer, management and control, ATM switching and transmission.
Frame Relay: Protocols and services, Congestion control, Internetworking with ATM,
Internet and ATM, Frame relay via ATM.
UNIT IV 9 + 3
ADVANCED NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
IP forwarding architectures overlay model, Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS),
integrated services in the Internet, Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), Differentiated
services
UNIT V 9 + 3
BLUE TOOTH TECHNOLOGY
The Blue tooth module-Protocol stack Part I: Antennas, Radio interface, Base band, The
Link controller, Audio, The Link Manager, The Host controller interface; The Blue tooth
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 189
module-Protocol stack Part I: Logical link control and adaptation protocol, RFCOMM,
Service discovery protocol, Wireless access protocol, Telephony control protocol.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
REFERENCES
[1] William Stallings,‖ISDN and Broadband ISDN with Frame Relay and ATM‖, 4th
edition, Pearson education Asia, 2002.
[2] Leon Gracia, Widjaja, ―Communication networks ", Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi,
2000.
[3] Jennifer Bray and Charles F.Sturman,‖Blue Tooth‖ Pearson education Asia, 2001.
[4] Sumit Kasera, Pankaj Sethi, ―ATM Networks ", Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi,
2000.
[5] Rainer Handel, Manfred N.Huber and Stefan Schroder ,‖ATM Networks‖,3rd
edition, Pearson education asia,2002.
[6] Jean Walrand and Pravin varaiya ,‖High Performance Communication networks‖,2nd
edition, Harcourt and Morgan Kauffman,London,2000.
[7] William Stallings,‖High-speed Networks and Internets‖, 2nd
edition, Pearson
education Asia, 2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 190
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
EMBEDDED ARCHITECTURE
Embedded Computers, Characteristics of Embedded Computing Applications, Challenges
in Embedded Computing system design, Embedded system design process-
Requirements, Specification, Architectural Design, Designing Hardware and Software
Components, System Integration, Formalism for System Design- Structural Description,
Behavioral Description, Design Example: Model Train Controller
UNIT II 9
EMBEDDED PROCESSOR AND COMPUTING PLATFORM
ARM processor- processor and memory organization, Data operations, Flow of Control,
SHARC processor- Memory organization, Data operations, Flow of Control, parallelism
with instructions, CPU Bus configuration, ARM Bus, SHARC Bus, Memory devices,
Input/output devices, Component interfacing, designing with microprocessor
development and debugging, Design Example : Alarm Clock.
UNIT III 9
NETWORKS
Distributed Embedded Architecture- Hardware and Software Architectures, Networks for
embedded systems- I2C, CAN Bus, SHARC link pports, ethernet, Myrinet, Internet,
Network-Based design- Communication Analysis, system performance Analysis,
Hardware platform design, Allocation and scheduling, Design Example: Elevator
Controller.
UNIT IV 9
REAL-TIME CHARACTERISTICS
Clock driven Approach, weighted round robin Approach, Priority driven Approach,
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 191
Dynamic Versus Static systems, effective release times and deadlines, Optimality of the
Earliest deadline first (EDF) algorithm, challenges in validating timing constraints in
priority driven systems, Off-line Versus On-line scheduling.
UNIT V 9
SYSTEM DESIGN TECHNIQUES
Design Methodologies, Requirement Analysis, Specification, System Analysis and
Architecture Design, Quality Assurance, Design Example: Telephone PBX- System
Architecture, Ink jet printer- Hardware Design and Software Design, Personal Digital
Assistants, Set-top Boxes.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components: Principles of Embedded Computing
System Design, Morgan Kaufman Publishers, 2001.
[2] Jane.W.S. Liu Real-Time systems, Pearson Education Asia, 2000
[3] C. M. Krishna and K. G. Shin , Real-Time Systems, ,McGraw-Hill, 1997
[4] Frank Vahid and Tony Givargi, Embedded System Design: A Unified
Hardware/Software Introduction, s, John Wiley & Sons, 2000.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 192
HIGH SPEED SWITCHING ARCHITECTURE 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
HIGH SPEED NETWORK:
Introduction- LAN, WAN, Network evolution through ISDN to B-ISDN, Transfer mode
and control of B-ISDN, SDH multiplexing structure, ATM standard, ATM adaptation
layers.
UNIT II 9
LAN SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY:
Switching Concepts, switch forwarding techniques, switch path control, LAN Switching,
cut through forwarding, store and forward, virtual LANs
UNIT III 9
ATM SWITCHING ARCHITECTURE
Switch model, Blocking networks - basic - and- enhanced banyan networks, sorting
networks - merge sorting, re-arrangable networks - full-and- partial connection networks,
non blocking networks - Recursive network construction, comparison of non-blocking
network, Switching with deflection routing - shuffle switch, tandem banyan
UNIT IV 9
QUEUES IN ATM SWITCHES
Internal Queueing -Input, output and shared queueing, multiple queueing networks –
combined Input, output and shared queueing - performance analysis of Queued switches.
UNIT V 9
IP SWITCHING
Addressing model, IP Switching types - flow driven and topology driven solutions, IP
Over ATM address and next hop resolution, multicasting, Ipv6 over ATM.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 193
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
[1] Achille Pattavina, Swtching Theory: Architectures and performance in Broadband
ATM networks "John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York. 1998
[2] Christopher Y Metz, Switching protocols & Architectures, McGraw - Hill
Professional Publishing, NewYork.1998.
[3] Rainer Handel, Manfred N Huber, Stefan Schroder, ATM Networks - Concepts
Protocols, Applications III Edition, Addison Wesley, New York. 1999.
[4] John A.Chiong: Internetworking ATM for the internet and enterprise networks.
McGraw Hill, New York, 1998.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 194
Real Time Operating Systems 3 1 0 100
UNIT 1 Introduction to Real-Time Embedded Systems and System Resources
Brief history of Real Time Systems, A brief history of Embedded Systems. Resource
Analysis, Real-Time Service Utility,Scheduling Classes, The Cyclic Esecutive, Scheduler
Concepts, PreemptiveFixed Priority Scheduling Policies, Real-Time OS, Thread Safe
Reentrant
Functions
UNIT 2 Processing and Memory
Processing: Preemptive Fixed-Priority Policy, Feasibility, Rate Montonic least upper
bound, Necessary and Sufficient feasibility, Deadline – Monotonic Policy, Dynamic
priority policies Worst-case Execution time, Intermediate I/O, Execution efficiency, I/O
Architecture.
Memory:
Physical hierarchy, Capacity and allocation, Shared Memory, ECC Memory, Flash
filesystems.
UNIT 3 Multi source and Soft Real Time Services
Multiresource Services:
Blocking, Deadlock and livestock, Critical sections to protect shared resources, priority
inversion.
Soft Real-Time Services:
Missed Deadlines, QoS, Alternatives to rate monotonic policy, Mixed hard and soft real-
time services.
.
UNIT 4 Embedded System Components, Debugging Components
Embedded System Components:
Firmware components, RTOS system software mechanisms, Software application
components.
Debugging Components:
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INT B.TECH(ECE)-M.TECH(CS)-2013 Page 195
Execptions assert, Checking return codes, Single-step debugging, kernel scheduler traces,
Test access ports, Trace ports, Power-On self test and diagnostics, External test
equipment, Application-level debugging.
Performance Tuning:
Basic concepts of drill-down tuning, hardware – supported profiling and tracing, Building
performance monitoring into software, Path length, Efficiency, and Call frequency,
Fundamental optimizations.
UNIT 5 Design
High availability and Reliability Design:
Reliability and Availability, Similarities and differences, Reliability, Reliable software,
Available software, Design trade offs, Hierarchical applications for Fail-safe design.
Design of RTOS – PIC microcontroller. (Chap 13 of book Myke Predko)
References:
1. ―Real-Time Embedded Systems and Components” , Sam Siewert,
Cengage Learning India Edition, 2007.
2. ― Programming and Customizing the PIC microcontroller” ,
Myke Predko, 3rd Ed, TMH, 2008