Chapter 13Magnetically Coupled CircuitsHuseyin BilgekulEeng224 Circuit Theory IIDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Eastern Mediterranean UniversityChapter Objectives: Understand magnetically coupled circuits.Learn the concept of mutual inductance. Be able to determine energy in a coupled circuit.Learn how to analyze circuits involving linear and ideal transformers.Be familiar with ideal autotransformers.Learn how to analyze circuits involving three-phase transformers.Be able to use PSpice to analyze magnetically coupled circuits.Apply what is learnt to transformer as an isolation device and power distribution

Mutual InductanceTransformers are constructed of two coils placed so that the charging flux developed by one will link the other.The coil to which the source is applied is called the primary coil.The coil to which the load is applied is called the secondary coil.Three basic operations of a transformer are:Step up/downImpedance matchingIsolation

Mutual Inductance Devices

Mutual Inductance When two coils are placed close to each other, a changing flux in one coil will cause an induced voltage in the second coil. The coils are said to have mutual inductance M, which can either add or subtract from the total inductance depending on if the fields are aiding or opposing. Mutual inductance is the ability of one inductor to induce a voltage across a neighboring inductor.

b) Mutual inductance M21 of coil 2 with respect to coil 1.Mutual Inductancea) Magnetic flux produced by a single coil.c) Mutual inductance of M12 of coil 1 with respect to coil 2.

Mutual Inductance Mutual inductances M12 and M21 are equal. They are referred as M. We refer to M as the mutual inductance between two coils. M is measured in Henrys. Mutual inductance exists when two coils are close to each other. Mutual inductance effect exist when circuits are driven by time varying sources. Recall that inductors act like short circuits to DC.

Dot Convention If the current ENTERS the dotted terminal of one coil, the reference polarity of the mutual voltage in the second coil is POSITIVE at the dotted terminal of the second coil. If the current LEAVES the dotted terminal of one coil, the reference polarity of the mutual voltage in the second coil is NEGATIVE at the dotted terminal of the second coil.

Dot Convention

Coils in SeriesSeries-aiding connection.L=L1+L2+2Mb) Series-opposing connection.L=L1+L2-2M The total inductance of two coupled coils in series depend on the placement of the dotted ends of the coils. The mutual inductances may add or subtract.

Time-domain and Frequency-domain AnalysisV1V2I1I2jL1jL2jMa) Time-domain circuitb) Frequency-domain circuit

Induced mutual voltages

Induced mutual voltages

P.P.13.2 Determine the phasor currents

Mutually Induced Voltages To find I0 in the following circuit, we need to write the mesh equations. Let us represent the mutually induced voltages by inserting voltage sources in order to avoid mistakes and confusion.Ia = I1 I3Ib = I2 I1Ic = I3 I2Io = I3Blue Voltage due to IaRed Voltage due to IcGreen Voltage due to Ib

Mutually Induced Voltages To find I0 in the following circuit, we need to write the mesh equations. Let us represent the mutually induced voltages by inserting voltage sources in order to avoid mistakes and confusion.

Energy in a Coupled Circuit The total energy w stored in a mutually coupled inductor is: Positive sign is selected if both currents ENTER or LEAVE the dotted terminals. Otherwise we use Negative sign.

Coupling CoefficientLoosely coupled coil b) Tightly coupled coil The Coupling Coefficient k is a measure of the magnetic coupling between two coils

Linear Transformers A transformer is generally a four-terminal device comprising two or more magnetically coupled coils. The transformer is called LINEAR if the coils are wound on magnetically linear material. For a LINEAR TRANSFORMER flux is proportional to current in the windings. Resistances R1 and R2 account for losses in the coils. The coils are named as PRIMARY and SECONDARY.

Reflected Impedance for Linear Transformers Secondary impedance seen from the primary side is the Reflected Impedance. Let us obtain the input impedance as seen from the source,ZR

Equivalent T Circuit for Linear Transformers The coupled transformer can equivalently be represented by an EQUIVALENT T circuit using UNCOUPED INDUCTORS.Transformer circuit b) Equivalent T circuit of the transformer

Equivalent Circuit for Linear Transformers The coupled transformer can equivalently be represented by an EQUIVALENT circuit using uncoupled inductors.Transformer circuit b) Equivalent circuit of the transformer

Homework 2 Submit your results by giving in the following results similar to the form given below by May 2, 2007. Your origiinal schematic diagram The print page of your results Repeat the calculation for 2 other values of X23=j0, j10, j15 Problem 13.79X23

Homework 2Schematic Diagram