Chpt1 Introduction to Computer

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Chapter 1Chapter 1

Introduction to Computer


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Slide 2Ver 1.0 10 April 2001

ObjectivesObjectives

Understand how the PC works

Able to identify the components of PC

Understand briefly how each components workKnow how each components work with one another

Terminology and jargons


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Basic Components of a ComputerBasic Components of a Computer

Central Processing Unit(CPU)Mainboard (motherboard)Main Memory (RAM)Hard Disk Drive3 1/2 Floppy Disk DriveCD-ROM Drive

Video Display CardSound CardModemMonitor

KeyboardSpeakerSystem Case

OthersNetwork CardPrinterJoystick


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CPUCPU

Also know as MicroprocessorPerforms all the calculations

Generate a lot of heat and need cooling fan

Performance measured in Clock Speed (megahertz and

gigahertz)Major CPU manufacturers: Intel and AMD

Known models: 8088, 286, 386, 486, Pentium, PentiumPro, K5, K6, Pentium II, Celeron, Athlon, Pentium III


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MotherboardMotherboard

Everything connects to the motherboard, directly orindirectly

Contains special sockets for internal devices:Microprocessor, RAM, Power, Floppy disk drive, Hard disk drive,

External devices are connected via connectors (ports)

DB Connector D shape eg mouse, Video, printerDIN Connector DIN or mini-DIN eg mouse, keyboard

Centronics Connector

USB

Firewire

RJ 45 Network cards

Uses tiny wire (traces) to link components togetherelectrically

Uses expansion slots to add additional componentsEg sound card, network card, TV card


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Ports (Pictures)Ports (Pictures)

PS/2 port for Mouse

& Keyboard

Video port Power connector USB port

Game port

Parallel (printer) port


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PortsPorts

Connector D-connector or DIN

PS/2 Keyboard andPS/2 mouse

6-pin female mini-DIN

AT keyboard 5-pin female DIN

Serial mouse 9-pin female D-connector (COM 1)

External Modem 25-pin male D-connector (COM 2)

Monitor 15-pin female D-connector (arranged in 3 rows)

Joystick/Midi 15-pins female D-connector (arranged in 2 rows)

Printer 25-pin female D-connector


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Expansion SlotsExpansion Slots

Found in current PCs:ISA Industry Standard Architecture

8-bit slot and 16-bit slots. A 16-bit slot accept 8-bit ISA card.

PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect

Sound Card, Network Card, TV cardAGP Accelerated Graphics Port

Obsolete (no longer in used)

EISA Extended ISA

MCA Micro Channel Architecture

IBM PC

VESA Local Bus (Video Electronics Standard Association)


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Main MemoryMain Memory

Commonly known as RAM, or System MemoryTemporary stores programs and data currently used bythe CPU

Measured in Megabyte (MB)

Package in different ways:SIMM 72-pin Single Inline Memory Module. Obsolete

DIMM 168-pin Double Inline Memory Module. Currently used.

SO-DIMM 72-pin or 144-pin Small Outline DIMM. Used in Notebook.

RIMM 184-pin Rambus Inline Memory Module

72-pins SIMM

RDRAMSO DIMM

168-pins SDRAM


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Hard Disk DriveHard Disk Drive

Stores program and data currently not used by CPURetains its contents even when PC is powered off

Capacity is measured in Megabyte (MB) or Gigabyte(GB)

EIDE and SCSI hard diskConnected to the EIDE (EnhancedIntegrated device electronics) connectoron the mother via a IDE cable

PC can have up to 4 hard disksEIDE and SCSI hard disks

EIDE hard disk

EIDE connector


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3 Floppy disk drive3 Floppy disk drive

Enable access to floppy diskTwo types:

5 Not longing in use. Found in older PCs.

3

Connected to the Floppy Drive controller on theMotherboard via a 34-pin ribbon cable

5 Floppy 3 Floppy

34-pin Floppy cable


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CDCD--ROM DriveROM Drive

Enable access to CD-ROMEIDE and SCSI CD-ROM

EIDE CD-ROM connects to the EIDE connector on themother via a IDE cable

Commonly to IDE

2Some PCs are installed with Compact Disk-Rewritable(CD-RW)

Hard Disk

CD-ROM

Hard Disk and CD-ROM

CD-ROM with

data cable and

power connector


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Video Graphics Adapter (VGA) CardVideo Graphics Adapter (VGA) Card

Connect the PC to the Monitor15-pin female DB-connector arranged in 3 rows

Available as PCI and AGP card

PCI VGA Card AGP VGA Card


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Sound CardSound Card

Perform 2 functions:Convert digital information and output the converted sound to thespeaker

Convert the sound input to the microphone and turn it into digital data

Has:

microphone and speaker jacksline in and line out

Line in to record from a stereo, tape recorder, or audio souce

Line out output to those same types of devices

Audio cable to enable the CD-ROM drive to play audio CD-ROM


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ModemModem

Functions:Works with telephone line to translate analog telephone signalinto digital serial data

Translate digital data into analog telephone signals

Internal and External ModemsInternal modem is slotted into the PCI expansion slot

External modem is connected to the serial com port

Has 2 RJ-11 socketOne for the phone. Phone can be used with modem is not used.

One for the telephone line


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System Case Form FactorSystem Case Form Factor

Form FactorsAT and ATX

AT stands for Advanced Technology

ATX is the improved version of Baby AT and LPX

ATX is currently the most common Form Factor

LPX and NLXused by branded PC and has video card, com ports, parallelport integrated into the motherboardNLX newer version of LPX

WTX

Used in Server


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System Case (Picture)System Case (Picture)

WTX


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System Case StylesSystem Case Styles

Available StylesDesktop casing

Mini casing

Midi casing

Mid casing

Full casing

Mini MidiMid

Full

Desktop


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Network CardNetwork Card

Also know as Network Interface Card (NIC)Interface between the PC and the Network via a cable

Typical cable interfaces:RJ-45

BNC15-pin 2-row female DB connector


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Jumper and SwitchesJumper and Switches

For configuring motherboards or cardsUse to turn on or turn off certain circuitry

Configured via:Jumpers

Dip switches


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DocumentationDocumentation

Motherboard manualKey features eg hardware support

Picture of the motherboard

CPU Configuration

CMOS configuration

VGA card manual

Sound card manual

Keep manual in proper places

Chpt1 Introduction to Computer

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