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Chapter 21: Blood Vessels

The five main types of blood vessels: order of blood flow in these vessels

Basic structure of a blood vessel

• Tunica Externa (adventitia)- outermost

• Tunical Media- middle, thicest, smooth muscle     ̶ !asoconstriction " dilation

• Tunica #ntima (interna):

     ̶ Endothelium " its function

     ̶ Basement membrane " its function

Arteries

• Elastic arteries ($onductin% arteries)

     ̶ lar%est-pressure reservoir

     ̶ expand durin% systole-recoil durin% diastole

     ̶ examples: aorta, pulmonary trun, brachiocephalic, subclavian, common carotid, common

iliac• Muscular arteries (&istributin% arteries)

     ̶ branches to specific or%ans (brachial-femoral-splenic)

• 'rterioles (esistance vessels)

     ̶ Metarterioles

     ̶ recapillary sphincters

Veins (thinner & distendable)

• !enules: define " function

     ̶ ostcapillary !enules

     ̶ Muscular !enules

• !alves: location and function

• !ascular sinus: define " examples

• *uperficial veins " deep veins: location

Capillaries (microcirculation)

• $ontinuous (most numerous): define intercellular $lefts

• +enestrated: locations

• *inusoids: locations

Know the branches of all the vessels and the general area of the body that the vessel suppliesor drains from: (ef: Text Boo Exhibit .' -./ .00-12)

Artery Identification:

• 'ortic:

     ̶ 'scendin% 'orta

     ̶ 'rch of 'orta

     ̶ &escendin% 'orta

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     ̶ Thoracic 'orta

     ̶ 'bdominal 'orta

• Brachiocephalic trun

• /eft *ubclavian

• *ubclavian

• $ommon $arotid

• #nternal $arotid " External $arotid

• !ertebral

• *uperficial temporal

• 'xillary

• Brachial

• adial

• 3lnar

• *uperficial almar 'rch

• &eep almar 'rch

• Bronchials

• $eliac trun

     ̶ left %astric

     ̶ splenic

     ̶ common hepatic

ri%ht %astric

proper hepatic

%astroduodenal

• *uperior Mesenteric4'nterior Mesenteric

• enal

• 5onadal

• #nferior Mesenteric4osterior Mesenteric

•

$ommon #liac• External #liac " #nternal #liac

• Median sacral

• +emoral

• opliteal

• 'nterior tibial

• &orsal 'rtery of the foot

• osterior tibial

• +ibular (peroneal)

Vein Identification:

•

almar venous plexus• adial

• 3lnar

• Brachial

• 'xillary

• *uperficial veins:

     ̶ $ephalic

     ̶ Basilic

     ̶ Median $ubital

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     ̶ Median 'ntebrachial

• *ubclavian

• #nternal 6u%ular

• Brachiocephalic

• External 6u%ular

• *uperior !ena $ava

• '7y%os

• *uperficial veins in the lower limbs:

     ̶ 5reat " small *aphenous

• 'nterior tibial

• osterior tibial

• +ibular (peroneal)

• opliteal

• +emoral

• External iliac " internal iliac

• $ommon iliac

• 5onadal

     ̶ Testicular

     ̶ 8varian

• enal

• 9epatic

• #nferior !ena $ava

Cerebral arterial Circle (.0;, +i%ure .<): all branches in (c)

epatic !ortal Circulation (. 01, +i%ure .0): =now what or%an(s) each vein drains from and where it drains to:

• #nferior mesenteric vein• ancreatic vein

• *plenic vein

• *uperior mesenteric vein

• 9epatic portal vein

• 9epatic veins

"etal Circulation (+i%ure .2 on . 01>)?ill need to now fetal circulation as well as identify structures on a fi%ure.

• 3mbilical arteries (later becomes medial umbilical li%aments)

• 3mbilical vein (later becomes li%amentum teres AKA round li%ament)

• &uctus venousus (later becomes li%amentum venosum)• +oramen ovale (later becomes fossa ovalis)

• &uctus 'rteriosus (later becomes li%amentum arteriosum)

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