Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple...

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Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis

Transcript of Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple...

Page 1: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis

Page 2: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-2

Plants

Unicellular protist

Multicellular algae Cyanobacteria

Purple sulfurbacteria

10 µm

1.5 µm

40 µm

Page 3: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-3

Leaf cross sectionVein

Mesophyll

Stomata CO2O2

Mesophyll cellChloroplast

5 µm

Outermembrane

Intermembranespace

Innermembrane

Thylakoidspace

Thylakoid

GranumStroma

1 µm

Page 4: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-7

Chloroplast

Light

Reflected light

Absorbed light

Transmitted light

Granum

Page 5: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-6

Visible light

Gammarays

X-rays UV InfraredMicro-waves

Radiowaves

10–5 nm 10–3 nm 1 nm 103 nm 106 nm1 m

(109 nm) 103 m

380 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 nm

Longer wavelength

Lower energy

Shorter wavelength

Higher energy

Activity: Light and Pigments

Page 6: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-8a

Whitelight

Refractingprism

Chlorophyllsolution

Photoelectrictube

Galvanometer

The high transmittance (low absorption) reading indicates that chlorophyll absorbs very little green light.

Greenlight

Slit moves to pass light of selected wavelength

0 100

Page 7: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-8b

Whitelight

Refractingprism

Chlorophyllsolution

Photoelectrictube

The low transmittance (high absorption) reading indicates that chlorophyll absorbs most blue light.

Bluelight

Slit moves to pass light of selected wavelength

0 100

Page 8: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-9a

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll b

Carotenoids

Wavelength of light (nm)

Absorption spectra

Ab

sorp

tio

n o

f lig

ht

by

chlo

rop

last

pig

men

ts

400 500 600 700

Page 9: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-9b

Action spectrum

Rat

e o

f p

ho

to-

syn

thes

is (

mea

sure

db

y O

2 re

leas

e)

Page 10: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-4

Reactants:

Products:

6 CO2 12 H2O

C6H12O6 6 H2O 6 O2

Page 11: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-5_3

H2O

LIGHTREACTIONS

Chloroplast

Light

ATP

NADPH

O2

NADP+

CO2

ADPP+ i

CALVINCYCLE

[CH2O](sugar)

Activity: Overview of Photosynthesis

Page 12: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-14

ATP

Photosystem II

e–

e–

e–e–

MillmakesATP

e–

e–

e–

Ph

oto

n

Photosystem I

Ph

oto

n

NADPH

Page 13: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-12

Thylakoid

Photon

Light-harvestingcomplexes

Photosystem

Reactioncenter

STROMA

Primary electronacceptor

e–

Transferof energy

Specialchlorophyll amolecules

Pigmentmolecules

THYLAKOID SPACE(INTERIOR OF THYLAKOID)

Th

ylak

oid

mem

bra

ne

Page 14: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-13_5

LightP680

e–

Photosystem II(PS II)

Primaryacceptor

[CH2O] (sugar)

NADPH

ATP

ADPCALVINCYCLE

LIGHTREACTIONS

NADP+

Light

H2O CO2E

ner

gy

of

elec

tro

ns

O2

e–

e–

+2 H+

H2O

O21/2

Pq

Cytochromecomplex

Electron transport chain

Pc

ATP

P700

e–

Primaryacceptor

Photosystem I(PS I)

e–e–

ElectronTransportchain

NADP+

reductase

Fd

NADP+

NADPH

+ H+

+ 2 H+

Light

Page 15: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-17

STROMA(Low H+ concentration)

Light

Photosystem IICytochrome

complex

2 H+

Light

Photosystem I

NADP+

reductase

Fd

PcPq

H2O O2

+2 H+

1/2

2 H+

NADP+ + 2H+

+ H+NADPH

ToCalvincycle

THYLAKOID SPACE(High H+ concentration)

STROMA(Low H+ concentration)

Thylakoidmembrane ATP

synthase

ATP

ADP+P

H+i

[CH2O] (sugar)O2

NADPH

ATP

ADP

NADP+

CO2H2O

LIGHTREACTIONS

CALVINCYCLE

Light

Page 16: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-16

MITOCHONDRIONSTRUCTURE

Intermembranespace

MembraneElectrontransport

chain

Mitochondrion Chloroplast

CHLOROPLASTSTRUCTURE

Thylakoidspace

Stroma

ATP

Matrix

ATPsynthase

Key

H+ Diffusion

ADP + P

H+

i

Higher [H+]

Lower [H+]

Activity: Light Reactions

Page 17: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-15

Photosystem I

Photosystem II ATP

Pc

Fd

Cytochromecomplex

Pq

Primaryacceptor

Fd

NADP+

reductase

NADP+

NADPH

Primaryacceptor

Page 18: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-18_3

[CH2O] (sugar)O2

NADPH

ATP

ADP

NADP+

CO2H2O

LIGHTREACTIONS

CALVINCYCLE

Light Input

CO2

(Entering oneat a time)

Rubisco

3 P P

Short-livedintermediate

Phase 1: Carbon fixation

6 P

3-Phosphoglycerate6 ATP

6 ADP

CALVINCYCLE

3

P P

Ribulose bisphosphate(RuBP)

3

6 NADP+

6

6 NADPH

P i

6 P

1,3-BisphosphoglycerateP

6 P

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(G3P)

P1

G3P(a sugar)Output

Phase 2:Reduction

Glucose andother organiccompounds

3

3 ADP

ATP

Phase 3:Regeneration ofthe CO2 acceptor(RuBP) P5

G3P

Activity: Calvin Cycle

Page 19: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-19

Photosyntheticcells of C4 plantleaf

Mesophyll cell

Bundle-sheathcell

Vein(vascular tissue)

C4 leaf anatomy

StomaBundle-sheathcell

Pyruvate (3 C)

CO2

Sugar

Vasculartissue

CALVINCYCLE

PEP (3 C)

ATP

ADP

Malate (4 C)

Oxaloacetate (4 C)

The C4 pathway

CO2PEP carboxylase

Mesophyllcell

Page 20: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-20

Bundle-sheathcell

Mesophyllcell Organic acid

C4

CO2

CO2

CALVINCYCLE

Sugarcane Pineapple

Organic acidsrelease CO2 toCalvin cycle

CO2 incorporatedinto four-carbonorganic acids(carbon fixation)

Organic acid

CAM

CO2

CO2

CALVINCYCLE

Sugar

Spatial separation of steps Temporal separation of steps

Sugar

Day

Night

Activity: Phtosyn. in Dry Climates

Page 21: Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis. LE 10-2 Plants Unicellular protist Multicellular algaeCyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria 10 µm 1.5 µm 40 µm.

LE 10-21

Light

CO2H2O

Light reactions Calvin cycle

NADP+

RuBP

G3PATP

Photosystem IIElectron transport

chainPhotosystem I

O2

Chloroplast

NADPH

ADP+ P i

3-Phosphoglycerate

Starch(storage)

Amino acidsFatty acids

Sucrose (export)


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Protist, Fungi, Plant Review. Name that Protist! 1.

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