Chivalry, The Chivalry, The Crusades and King Crusades and King

ArthurArthurFazzini English IVFazzini English IV

The first quiz of the unit…The first quiz of the unit…Will be on the following topics:Will be on the following topics: The CrusadesThe Crusades

Video and notes from last class, today and next classVideo and notes from last class, today and next class

King Arthur and ChivalryKing Arthur and ChivalryReadings and notes from today and the next two classesReadings and notes from today and the next two classes

Robin HoodRobin HoodWe will read two Robin Hood ballads next week and We will read two Robin Hood ballads next week and discuss the legenddiscuss the legend

You will also need to know the format of a You will also need to know the format of a ballad ballad

We already did thisWe already did this

Writing--20 minutesWriting--20 minutesIn a 1-2 paragraph response, In a 1-2 paragraph response, describe describe how men should act towards, how men should act towards, respect, or otherwise treat respect, or otherwise treat womenwomen. . Has this changed over Has this changed over the last 50 years? If so, why?the last 50 years? If so, why? You You can take any approach you wish to this can take any approach you wish to this prompt, but you must prompt, but you must a) use appropriate language a) use appropriate language b) have solid reasoning behind your response.b) have solid reasoning behind your response.

We will discuss these responses after I have We will discuss these responses after I have read them while we are finishing the video read them while we are finishing the video notes.notes.

What is Chivalry?What is Chivalry?

Dictionary Definition--Dictionary Definition-- ideal qualifications of a knight, ideal qualifications of a knight,

including courtesy, generosity, including courtesy, generosity, bravery, and fighting skillbravery, and fighting skill

the rules and customs of medieval the rules and customs of medieval knighthood.knighthood.

Treating women with dignity and Treating women with dignity and respectrespect

Your homework—two optionsYour homework—two options

For the gentlemen…For the gentlemen…

For the ladies…For the ladies…

Option 2—If either side does not Option 2—If either side does not want to do the paragraph want to do the paragraph required, you may submit a 3-5 required, you may submit a 3-5 page paper on the history of page paper on the history of Chivalry.Chivalry.

How did chivalry look in How did chivalry look in practice?practice?

During the Crusades, Knights and During the Crusades, Knights and Lords adopted this “code” partly to Lords adopted this “code” partly to help them beat the “infidels”help them beat the “infidels”

13th Century conventions of chivalry 13th Century conventions of chivalry men should honor and serve ladiesmen should honor and serve ladies After the Crusades, knights continued to After the Crusades, knights continued to

show their prowess and skills in show their prowess and skills in medieval tournaments. medieval tournaments.

The Joust—what is a joust?The Joust—what is a joust?

The training of a knightThe training of a knightTraining of a knightTraining of a knight

PagePage running errands, learning good running errands, learning good

manners, reading, writing, numbers, manners, reading, writing, numbers, singing, dancing, strumming the lute, singing, dancing, strumming the lute, etcetc

SquireSquire He looked after his master's horses, He looked after his master's horses,

polished his weapons and armor, polished his weapons and armor, carried the knight’s weapons in battlecarried the knight’s weapons in battle

KnighthoodKnighthood

So what were the Crusades?So what were the Crusades?Recap from the video…Recap from the video…

There were a total of 8 Crusades There were a total of 8 Crusades fought against Muslimsfought against Muslims

Aimed to “Restore the Holy Land”Aimed to “Restore the Holy Land”

The church and the knights believed The church and the knights believed they were “Just wars”they were “Just wars” some Christians who made pilgrimages some Christians who made pilgrimages

to the Holy Land were being persecutedto the Holy Land were being persecuted

The Medieval RomanceThe Medieval Romance

A tale of High Adventure. Can be a religious A tale of High Adventure. Can be a religious crusade, a conquest for the knight's liege lord, or crusade, a conquest for the knight's liege lord, or the rescue of a captive lady or any combination. the rescue of a captive lady or any combination.

**idealizesidealizes chivalry chivalry

* Idealizes the hero and his deeds* Idealizes the hero and his deeds

* Emphasizes the knight's love for his lady. * Emphasizes the knight's love for his lady.

* Features imaginary settings and the * Features imaginary settings and the SUPERNATURALSUPERNATURAL

Collect and read “Chivalry” Collect and read “Chivalry” readingsreadings

Pass in your homeworkPass in your homework

Differences between Epic Differences between Epic heroes and “Romantic” heroes and “Romantic”

knightsknightsEpic hero more “self serving”Epic hero more “self serving” Think of Beowulf here…what was he Think of Beowulf here…what was he

interested in?interested in?

Romantic hero—more inclined to serve othersRomantic hero—more inclined to serve others Is innocent and pure of purposeIs innocent and pure of purpose Has a sense of honor based not on society's Has a sense of honor based not on society's

rules but on some better principlerules but on some better principle Quests for some higher truth contained by Quests for some higher truth contained by

the natural world the natural world

Characteristics of King ArthurCharacteristics of King Arthur

1. His birth is mysterious1. His birth is mysterious

2. He is raised in someone else’s home. 2. He is raised in someone else’s home. He doesn’t know who his real parents He doesn’t know who his real parents areare

3. For a time his true identity is unknown3. For a time his true identity is unknown

4. After meeting an extraordinary 4. After meeting an extraordinary challenge, he claims his crownchallenge, he claims his crown

5. His triumph benefits his nation or 5. His triumph benefits his nation or group. group.

King ArthurKing ArthurThere were many different versions of There were many different versions of this legendthis legend Why did it begin?Why did it begin?

Basic family treeBasic family tree Parents—Uther Pendragon and Lady Parents—Uther Pendragon and Lady

IngraineIngraine Wife—Guinevere Wife—Guinevere His mentor: the wizard MerlinHis mentor: the wizard Merlin

His sword: ExcaliburHis sword: Excalibur How did he get it?How did he get it?

Other aspects of the legend?Other aspects of the legend?

The Round TableThe Round Table

it has no head, implying that everyone it has no head, implying that everyone who sits there has equal statuswho sits there has equal status

one chair - the Siège Perilous ('danger-one chair - the Siège Perilous ('danger-seat') – seat') – The person who sat there was the knight The person who sat there was the knight

destined to achieve the Holy Graildestined to achieve the Holy Grail

The legends say there were 150 seats The legends say there were 150 seats at the tableat the table

An artist’s vision of the An artist’s vision of the Round TableRound Table

LancelotLancelot

greatest of King Arthur's greatest of King Arthur's legendary knightslegendary knights

A great fighter who is very A great fighter who is very chivalrous and loyal to King chivalrous and loyal to King ArthurArthur

Falls in love with Arthur’s wife Falls in love with Arthur’s wife GuinevereGuinevere

Lancelot and Guinevere commit Lancelot and Guinevere commit adultery in the woodsadultery in the woods

The Holy GrailThe Holy Grail

The Holy Grail was a vessel used by The Holy Grail was a vessel used by Christ at the Last SupperChrist at the Last Supper

The knights believed that it had The knights believed that it had special powersspecial powers

They believed it could restore order They believed it could restore order in difficult timesin difficult times Relation to the Crusades?Relation to the Crusades?

Indiana Jones and the Last CrusadeIndiana Jones and the Last Crusade

Why did people like the Why did people like the Arthur legends?Arthur legends?

Norman invasion—also why they enjoyed Norman invasion—also why they enjoyed Robin HoodRobin Hood

Feudal system and the feudal aristocracyFeudal system and the feudal aristocracy government by a privileged minority or government by a privileged minority or

upper class, usually of inherited wealth and upper class, usually of inherited wealth and social positionsocial position

During World War II, many British people During World War II, many British people looked back at the King Arthur legends for looked back at the King Arthur legends for inspirationinspiration

Review the following Review the following worksheetsworksheets

3 Arthur Readings3 Arthur Readings

Day of Destiny sheetsDay of Destiny sheets

Anyone who has not submitted these Anyone who has not submitted these sheets by this point will keep his zero.sheets by this point will keep his zero.

The Film ExcaliburThe Film Excalibur

What you are going to see…What you are going to see… Scene from when Merlin takes Arthur to raise Scene from when Merlin takes Arthur to raise

himhim You will also see how Arthur becomes kingYou will also see how Arthur becomes king

3 Arthur Readings3 Arthur Readings

Distribute worksheetsDistribute worksheets

Audio recordings on the wikispaceAudio recordings on the wikispace

Do the sheet as we readDo the sheet as we read

King Arthur BioKing Arthur Bio

http://www.hulu.com/watch/186107/biography-king-arthur-his-life-and-legends