Chip Seal GuideChip Seal Guide

Application and ConstructionApplication and Construction

Since 1934

Pavement preservation Pavement preservation CommitteeCommittee

!! Doug Forstie, ADOTDoug Forstie, ADOT!! Jake Dominy, Cactus Transport Jake Dominy, Cactus Transport

(chairman)(chairman)!! Chris McWenie, Sunland, Inc.Chris McWenie, Sunland, Inc.!! Ron Ron HartyHarty, International , International

Surfacing SystemsSurfacing Systems!! Rob Presuhn, Intermountain Rob Presuhn, Intermountain

Slurry SealSlurry Seal!! KurtKurt AlcumbracAlcumbrac, Southwest Slurry , Southwest Slurry

SealSeal

!! Charlie Buchanan, Koch Asphalt Charlie Buchanan, Koch Asphalt Solutions SouthwestSolutions Southwest

!! Steve Dempsey, Paramount Steve Dempsey, Paramount Petroleum Corp.Petroleum Corp.

!! Dennis Ryan, Ergon Asphalt Dennis Ryan, Ergon Asphalt Products, Inc.Products, Inc.

!! Larry EricksonLarry Erickson CrafcoCrafco Inc.Inc.!! PattyPatty SouthwaySouthway, Mesa Materials, Mesa Materials!! Don Green, United Metro MaterialsDon Green, United Metro Materials!! John Vincent, Wright AsphaltJohn Vincent, Wright Asphalt!! Peggy Simpson, Western Peggy Simpson, Western

EmulsionsEmulsions

Why Are we here today?Why Are we here today?

!! Surveys of Agencies tell us that we have Surveys of Agencies tell us that we have room for improvementroom for improvement

!! Chip seal is the single most costChip seal is the single most cost-- effective effective treatment available to our industrytreatment available to our industry

Chip Seal GuideChip Seal GuideApplication & Construction Produced by:Application & Construction Produced by:

!! AGC Pavement Preservation CommitteeAGC Pavement Preservation Committee!! agenciesagencies!! contractorscontractors!! material suppliersmaterial suppliers

!! Why Do This?Why Do This?!! identify best practicesidentify best practices!! produce guide for “world class” chip sealproduce guide for “world class” chip seal!! Methodical approach to chip seal practices Methodical approach to chip seal practices

The Government Accounting Standards Board “Statement 34” says that since

1973,

The national average daily traffic has increased by 86% and the average daily

load has increased 550%

This is compared to the number of centerline miles of pavement has increased

by only 3%.

MORE WITH LESS!

DefinitionsDefinitions

!! Chip SealChip Seal–– application of a liquid asphalt and application of a liquid asphalt and cover aggregatecover aggregate

!! Surface TreatmentSurface Treatment–– chip seal on aggregate basechip seal on aggregate base!! Seal CoatSeal Coat–– chip seal on hot mix asphaltchip seal on hot mix asphalt!! Guidelines apply to allGuidelines apply to all

Purpose of a Chip SealPurpose of a Chip Seal

!! Provide superior, allProvide superior, all--weather surface for weather surface for aggregate surfaced roadsaggregate surfaced roads

!! Seal pavement from moistureSeal pavement from moisture!! Provide skid resistant surfaceProvide skid resistant surface!! Reduce dustReduce dust!! Cost effective preventive maintenance Cost effective preventive maintenance

applicationapplication

Keys to SuccessKeys to Success

!! Surface PreparationSurface Preparation!! MaterialsMaterials!! Application RatesApplication Rates!! Construction ProceduresConstruction Procedures!! Independent Inspection, TestingIndependent Inspection, Testing!! Methodic Attention to detailsMethodic Attention to details

Surface PreparationSurface Preparation

!! Fix deficienciesFix deficiencies!!patch potholespatch potholes!! fill rutsfill ruts!!pour cracks pour cracks > 1/8> 1/8--inchinch

Aggregate MaterialsAggregate Materials

!! CleanClean!! DurableDurable!! CrushedCrushed

!! two or more two or more crushed facescrushed faces

!! Single SizedSingle Sized!! CubicleCubicle

Aggregate CharacteristicsAggregate Characteristics

Maximum 10%Maximum 10%ASTM C88ASTM C88Sodium Sulfate SoundnessSodium Sulfate Soundness(Loss @ 5 cycles)(Loss @ 5 cycles)

100 Rev., Max. 9 %100 Rev., Max. 9 %500 Rev., Max. 40 500 Rev., Max. 40

%%

AASHTO T96AASHTO T96Abrasion Abrasion

Maximum 30 %Maximum 30 %Arizona Test Method Arizona Test Method 238238

Carbonates in AggregateCarbonates in Aggregate

Maximum 20 %Maximum 20 %Arizona Test Method Arizona Test Method 233233

Flakiness IndexFlakiness Index

Minimum 85 %Minimum 85 %Arizona Test Method Arizona Test Method 212212

Fractured Coarse Aggregate Fractured Coarse Aggregate ParticlesParticles

(Minimum of 2 fractured faces (Minimum of 2 fractured faces –– Plus #4 Material)Plus #4 Material)

Minimum 45Minimum 45Arizona Test Method Arizona Test Method 242242

Sand EquivalentSand Equivalent(Minus #8 Material)(Minus #8 Material)

Maximum 2.5 %Maximum 2.5 %Arizona Test Method Arizona Test Method 210210

Combined Water AbsorptionCombined Water Absorption

2.30 2.30 –– 2.852.85Arizona Test Method Arizona Test Method 210210

Combined Bulk Specific GravityCombined Bulk Specific Gravity

RequirementRequirementTest MethodTest MethodCharacteristicCharacteristic

Aggregate GradationAggregate GradationLow Traffic Volume Low Traffic Volume (1/4”)(1/4”)

0 0 –– 1.01.0No. 200No. 2000 0 –– 55No. 8No. 8

0 0 –– 1010No. 4No. 470 70 –– 90901/4 inch1/4 inch

1001003/8 inch3/8 inch1001001/2 inch1/2 inch

Percent Percent PassingPassingSizeSize

Aggregate GradationAggregate GradationHigh Traffic Volume High Traffic Volume (3/8”)(3/8”)

0 0 –– 1.01.0No. 200No. 2000 0 –– 55No. 8No. 8

0 0 –– 10101/4 inch1/4 inch70 70 –– 90903/8 inch3/8 inch

1001001/2 inch1/2 inch

Percent Percent PassingPassingSizeSize

Special Aggregate RequirementsSpecial Aggregate Requirements((PrePre--coat all cover aggregates)coat all cover aggregates)

!! Hot Applied AsphaltHot Applied Asphalt!! prepre--coated aggregatecoated aggregate!! dry aggregate

!! Asphalt EmulsionsAsphalt Emulsions!! prepre--coated aggregatecoated aggregate!! damp aggregatedry aggregate damp aggregate

Binder TypesBinder Types

!! Conventional Emulsified Asphalt MaterialsConventional Emulsified Asphalt Materials!! Modified Emulsified Asphalt MaterialsModified Emulsified Asphalt Materials!! Polymer Modified Asphalt MaterialsPolymer Modified Asphalt Materials!! Rubber/Asphalt Binder MaterialsRubber/Asphalt Binder Materials!! Cutback Asphalt MaterialsCutback Asphalt Materials

Modified BindersModified Binders

!! Modifier TypesModifier Types!! polymerspolymers!! crumb rubbercrumb rubber!! other additivesother additives

!! High performanceHigh performance!! high early strengthhigh early strength

!! Increased service lifeIncreased service life

Aggregate and Binder Aggregate and Binder Application RatesApplication Rates

!! Established by engineered chip seal Established by engineered chip seal designdesign!! the “science” partthe “science” part

!! Design factorsDesign factors!! Aggregate gradation and qualityAggregate gradation and quality!! Binder typeBinder type!! Porosity of roadwayPorosity of roadway!! Maintenance applications and timingMaintenance applications and timing!! Traffic volumeTraffic volume

Aggregate and Binder Aggregate and Binder Application RatesApplication Rates

!! Ideal design results in:Ideal design results in:!! One stone deepOne stone deep!! About 60% embedmentAbout 60% embedment!! 20% void space after some traffic20% void space after some traffic!! No bleedingNo bleeding!! No flying chipsNo flying chipsA reasonable “target” to start the projectA reasonable “target” to start the project

Example Chip Seal DesignExample Chip Seal DesignDo the Math!Do the Math!

Calculate aggregate spread rate (S):Calculate aggregate spread rate (S):0.31 avg particle size, 10% wastage0.31 avg particle size, 10% wastage95 lbs/ft95 lbs/ft33 loose unit weightloose unit weight

S=.8 x .28 x 95 x 1.10 S= 25 lbs/ydS=.8 x .28 x 95 x 1.10 S= 25 lbs/yd22

Calculate asphalt shot rate (A):Calculate asphalt shot rate (A):0.60 traffic (heavy) 0.60 traffic (heavy) 0.31 avg particle size0.31 avg particle size0.08 surface factor (porous)0.08 surface factor (porous)0.67 residue factor ( CRS0.67 residue factor ( CRS--2P)2P)

A = A = (1.122 x .31 x .60) + .08(1.122 x .31 x .60) + .08 A= .43 gal/ydA= .43 gal/yd22

.67.67

Construction ProceduresConstruction ProceduresA methodic ApproachA methodic Approach

!! Clean & dry SurfaceClean & dry Surface!! Surface Temp 85° F MinimumSurface Temp 85° F Minimum!! Ambient Temp 65° F MinimumAmbient Temp 65° F Minimum

!! Caution if > 110° FCaution if > 110° F

!! No Threat of RainNo Threat of Rain!! Warm, Dry Period of Weather, No WindWarm, Dry Period of Weather, No Wind

!! suggest no asphalt emulsions after October 15suggest no asphalt emulsions after October 15

To Joint or to SlobberTo Joint or to Slobber(a methodic approach)(a methodic approach)

!! Decide on longitudinal joint method (lap Decide on longitudinal joint method (lap or butt)or butt)

!! Paper all transverse jointsPaper all transverse joints!! Be consistentBe consistent

Seasonal LimitationsSeasonal Limitations

!! USE CAUTION AND COMMON SENSEUSE CAUTION AND COMMON SENSE!! Mountain Areas > 5000 ftMountain Areas > 5000 ft

!! June 1 June 1 –– August 31August 31

!! Foothill Areas > 3500 ftFoothill Areas > 3500 ft!! May 1 May 1 –– September 30September 30

!! Deserts < 3500 ftDeserts < 3500 ft!! March 15 March 15 –– November 15November 15What is the cost to reWhat is the cost to re--do a bad job?do a bad job?

The DistributorThe Distributor

!! Certified ADOT 404Certified ADOT 404--3.023.02!! Good conditionGood condition!! Uniform applicationUniform application!! Functioning CRCFunctioning CRC!! Nozzles correct type, Nozzles correct type,

heightheight, angle, etc., angle, etc.!! Binder at proper tempBinder at proper temp

SingleDouble

Triple

Coverage

Spray bar height must be setexactly for proper coverage

Volume MeasurementVolume MeasurementA methodic approachA methodic approach

!! Do this oftenDo this often!! track and record binder used for payment track and record binder used for payment

purposes. purposes. Use two methods to verifyUse two methods to verify!! check and record application rate for QC check and record application rate for QC

purposes. purposes. Use two methods to verifyUse two methods to verify

!! StepsSteps!! level distributorlevel distributor!! record volume and temp gaugesrecord volume and temp gauges

AGGREGATE HAULINGAGGREGATE HAULING

!! Tailgate dischargeTailgate discharge!! Positive Positive

attachmentattachment!! Compatible with Compatible with

chip spreaderchip spreader

Aggregate ApplicationAggregate Application

!! SelfSelf--propelledpropelled!! Calibrated daily Calibrated daily

w/CRCw/CRC

!! Good conditionGood condition!! Uniform transverse Uniform transverse

applicationapplication

Checking Aggregate SpreadChecking Aggregate Spreadto verify crcto verify crc

RollingRolling!! Min 3 rollers, Min 3 rollers,

pneumaticpneumatic--tiredtired!! Roll Roll immediatelyimmediately!! Operate in echelonOperate in echelon!! Edge to edge rollingEdge to edge rolling!! Match speed to chip Match speed to chip

spreaderspreader!! max = 5 mphmax = 5 mph

!! 3000 lbs/wheel3000 lbs/wheel90 psi or even psi90 psi or even psi

SweepingSweeping!! Sweep as soon as Sweep as soon as

binder setsbinder sets!! binder cure timebinder cure time!! ambient tempambient temp!! surface tempsurface temp

!! Later sweeping Later sweeping possiblepossible

!! This will make you or This will make you or “break” you“break” you

Traffic ControlTraffic Control

!! Keep your people safeKeep your people safe!! Use all means to Use all means to

maintain controlmaintain control!! Keep off fresh chip Keep off fresh chip

sealseal!! Max speed 15 mph Max speed 15 mph

before sweepingbefore sweeping

Specification controlSpecification control

Method specification:Method specification:(Cookbook method)(Cookbook method)!! By the square yardBy the square yard!! By the TonBy the Ton!! combinations of area combinations of area

and tonnage

End result specifications:End result specifications:(Warranty)(Warranty)!! contractor decides on contractor decides on

aggregate asphalt aggregate asphalt combinationscombinations

!! contractor controls contractor controls application rates

and tonnageapplication rates

Factors that will always affect Factors that will always affect your project:your project:

!! Temperature (Ground and air)Temperature (Ground and air)!! Aggregate cleanlinessAggregate cleanliness!! WeatherWeather!! Shot rateShot rate

Quality Chip SealsQuality Chip SealsA methodic approachA methodic approach

!! Necessary road repairsNecessary road repairs!! Good weather conditionsGood weather conditions!! High quality materialsHigh quality materials!! Have equipment ready,calibrated, and in good Have equipment ready,calibrated, and in good

conditioncondition!! Have design ready (guide)Have design ready (guide)!! Apply right amount of materialsApply right amount of materials!! Immediately apply and roll aggregateImmediately apply and roll aggregate!! Sweep as soon as binder setsSweep as soon as binder sets!! Safe and effective traffic control

Safe and effective traffic control

Since 1934

Koch Asphalt Solutions SouthwestKoch Asphalt Solutions Southwest

Longer Lasting Roads

To Serve and Protect!To Serve and Protect!

Since 1934