Chinese Study Material 1

8/9/2019 Chinese Study Material 1

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KI1040 Chinese Basic Training

Study Material 1

Week 36

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Dear students:

During the first 3 weeks we will go through basic Chinese pronunciation and Pinyin system.

Week 36: Chinese Consonants, Chinese Finals with combination of tones

Week 37: Pinyin of Chinese character combinations

Week 38: Review, prepare for on-line meeting that will be held on 22 nd September

Study Material and Assignments will be put on Fronter Course Material on each Monday.Please go through the materials carefully and submit the assignments before deadline toFronter Hand-in.

If you have any questions concerning the study materials or assignments, please don’t

hesitate to contact Teacher Yang ( [email protected] ).

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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Pronunciation Drill 1:

initials and finals

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Chinese Pinyin system ( pīn yīn)Pinyin system is the official phonetic system for transcribingthe Mandarin pronunciations of Chinese characters into theLatin alphabet. Since it is a system used to dinotepronunciation of the Chinese characters or charactercombinations pinyin is normally associated with Chinesecharacters. They are seldom used independently.

Pinyin looks like latin alphabet, it is possible that the learnersare influenced by the pronunciation of their own languagealphabet. Thus it is very important for beginners to learn thepronunciation correctly. Since different pinyin lead to differentChinese characters, if the pronunciation is wrong it may leadto totally different characters or character combinations, andthis in turn may lead to misunderstanding.

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Chinese Pinyin system ( pīn yīn)

The pronunciation and spelling of Chinesecharacters are generally given in terms of initials ( shēng mǔ ) and finals ( yùn mǔ ), which

represent the segmental phonemic portion of thelanguage. Initials are initial consonants, while finalsare all possible combinations of vowels orsemivowels.Pinyin syllables often contain of an initial and afinal. In drill 1 you will learn the pronunciation ofinitial consonants and finals, and syllables thatcombine the initials and finals.

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Initials (Consonants)

b p m f

d t n l

g k h

j q x

zh ch sh r

z c S

Click the audio icon to listen to the teacher’s recording. (*All sy l labus es are pro no un ced in First Tone.)

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Finals

Click the audio icon to listen to the teacher’s recording. (*All sy l labus es are pro no un ced in First Tone.)

a o e ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ong er

i ia ie iao iu ian in iang ing iong

U ua uo uai ui uan un uang ueng

ü üe üan ün

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Initials in Mandarincombine with finals – a or – ia

Bilabial Labio-

dental

dental alveolar retroflex palatal velar

Stop (unaspirated) ba da gaStop (aspirated) pa ta kaNasal ma naFricative (voiceless) fa sa sha xia haFricative (voiced) raLateral laAffricate (unaspirated) za zha jiaAffricate (aspirated) ca cha qia

Click the audio icon to listen to the teacher’s recording. (*All sy l labus es are pro no un ced in First Tone.) 8


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Initials in Mandarinfollowing Chinese convention

Bilabial Labio-

dental

dental alveolar retroflex palatal velar

Stop (unaspirated) bo de geStop (aspirated) po te keNasal

mo neFricative (voiceless) fo si shi xi heFricative (voiced) riLateral leAffricate (unaspirated) zi zhi jiAffricate (aspirated) ci chi qi

See also: ht tp : / /yo utu .be/b9Ay vjy -Dgs 9


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-a -an -ang -ai -ao

ø ā ān āng āi āo

b bā bān bāng bāi bāo

p pā pān pāng pāi pāo

m mā mān māng māi māo

f fā fān fāng

d dā dān dāng dāi dāo

t tā tān tāng tāi tāo

n nā nān nāng nāi nāo

l lā lān lāng lāi lāo

g gā gān gāng gāi gāo k kā kān kāng kāi kāo

h hā hān hāng hāi hāo

F i n a l s i n M a n d a r i n ( 1 )

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-i -a -an -ang -ai -aozh zhī zhā zhān zhāng zhāi zhāo ch chī chā chān chāng chāi chāo sh shī shā shān shāng shāi shāo r rī rān rāng rāo z zī zā zān zāng zāi zāo c cī cā cān cāng cāi cāo

s sī sā sān sāng sāi sāo


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-o -er -e -en -eng -ei -ou -ong

ø ēr ē ēn ēng ōu

b bō bēn bēng bēi

p pō pēn pēng pēi pōu

m mō mēn mēng mēi mōu

f fō fēn fēng fēi fōu

d dē dēng dēi dōu dōng t tē tēng tōu tōng

n nēn nēng nēi nōu nōng

l lē lēn lēng lēi lōu lōng

g gē gēn gēng gēi gōu gōng

k kē kēn kēng kēi kōu kōng

h hē hēn hēng hēi hōu hōng

F i n a l s i n

M a n d a r i n ( 3 )

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-e -en -eng -ei -ou -ongzh zh ē zhēn zhēng zhēi zhōu zhōng ch ch ē chēn chēng chōu chōng sh sh ē shēn shēng shēi shōu r r ē rēn rēng rōu rōng z zē zēn zēng zēi zōu zōng c c ē cēn cēng cōu cōng

s s ē sēn sēng sōu sōng


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-i -ia -iao -ie -iu -ian -in -iang -ing -iong

ø y ī yiā yāo yē yōu yān y īn yāng y īng yōng

b b ī biāo biē biān b īn b īng

p p ī piāo piē piān p īn p īng m mī miāo miē miū miān m īn m īng

d d ī diāo diē diū diān d īng

tt ī tiāo tiē tiān t īng

n n ī niāo niē niū niān n īn niāng n īng

l l ī liā liāo liē liū liān l īn liāng l īng

Finals in Mandarin (5)

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-ü -üe -üan -ün

ø yū yuē yuān yūn

j jū juē juān jūn

q qū quē quān qū nx xū xuē xuān xū n

n n ü

l lü


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-u -ua -uo -uai -ui -uan -un -uang -ueng

ø wū wā wō wāi wēi wān wēn wāng wēng

bbū

p pū

f fū

m m ū

d dū duō du ī duān dū n

t tū tuō tu ī tuān tūn

n nū nuō nuān

l lū luō luān lūn

g gū guā guō guāi gu ī guān g ū n guāng

k kū kuā kuō kuāi ku ī kuān k ū n kuāng

h hū huā huō huāi hu ī huān h ū n huāng


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-u -ua -uo -uai -ui -uan -un -uang

zh zhū zhuā zhuō zhuāi zhu ī zhuān zh ū n zhuāng

ch chū chuō chuāi chu ī chuān ch ū n chuāng

sh shū shuā shuō shuāi shuān sh ū n shuāng

r rū ruō ru ī ruān rūn

z zū zuō zu ī zuān zūn

c cū cuō cu ī cuān cūn s sū suō su ī suān sūn


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Pronunciation Drill 2:

tones

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Tones ( shēng diào) Mandarin has four tones. Since many characters have the same

sound, tones are used to differentiate words from each other:

Tone 1: High level, which is like speaking in monotone. It ismarked with ” ¯ ”.

Tone 2: Rising, which sounds like a question to Englishspeakers. It is marked with ” ´ ”.

Tone 3: Low falling-rising versio, or just low. The low version isused most often in speech. The falling-risingversion is

restricted to a syllable in isolation or a syllable at the end of acentence. It is market with ” ˇ”.

Tone 4: High falling. When you offer a firm, monosyllabicanswer in English, the intonation is very similar to thisMandarin tone. Tone 4 is market with ” ̀”.

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Tones ( shēng diào)

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Tones ( shēng diào)

It is very important to pronounce tones correctly. As mentionedbefore, many Chinese characters have the same pronunciation but arein different tones. If the tones are pronounced wrong differentcharacters can be denoted.

For example:The character combination for unemployed is , pronouncedas ”shī yè ”. The first character should be in first tone. If it ispronounced as second tone it may probably lead to the charactercombination ” shí yè ”, which means industry.

In pronunciation drill 2, you will practise pronunciation of the tones indifferent syllables. Characters are given to the syllables, however, youdo not have to remember the characters.

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Examples for the same syllables in fourtones

• bā bá bǎ bà•

gē gé gě gè• mō mó mǒ mò• zhī zhí zhǐ zhì • cān cán cǎn càn

Click the audio icon to listen to the teacher’s recording. (pay at tention to the differentiat ion o f the tones)

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bō bà bái běi bāo bān běn bāng bèng

bǐ bié biāo biān bīn bìng

pō pá pāi pǎo pōu pán pén pàng péng

pī piě piào piān pǐn píng

Click the audio icon to listen to the teacher’s recording.

(pay at tention to the differentiat ion o f the tones) 24


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mō mā mài māo mǒu mǎn mén máng

měng mǐ miè miáo miù miàn mín míng

fó fā féi fǒu fān fàng fēn fēng

de dà dāi d ěi dāo dòu dàn dāng

(as a verb) děng dì diē diāo diū diǎn dīng

Click the audio icon to listen to the teacher’s recording. (pay at tention to the differentiat ion o f the tones) 25


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tè tā tái tāo tóu tán tǎng téng tī

tiē tiào tiān tīng

ne nà nài nèi nǎo nuò nèn náng néng

nǐ niē niǎo niú nián niáng nín níng




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le lā lái lèi lǎo lóu lán làng lěng

lǐ liè liáo liù liǎn liǎng lín líng

gē gā gāi gěi gāo gòu gǎn gāng

gēn gèng

Click the audio icon to listen to the teacher’s recording. (pay at tention to the differentiat ion o f the tones)

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kè kǎ kāi kǒu kàn kāng kěn kēng

hē hā hǎi hēi hǎo hòu háng hěn héng

jī jiā jié jiào jiù jiàn jiǎng jù jué

jīn jīng




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qí qiā qiě qiáo qiú qiān qiáng qù què

quán qīn qíng

xī xià xiē xiǎo xiū xiān xiǎng xū xuǎn

xīn xìng




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zhī zhá zhè zhāi zhǎo zhōu zhàn zhāng

zhèn zhèng

chī chá chē chāi chòu chǎn chàng chén

chéng




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shī shā shé shài shǎo shǒu shān shàng

shēn shēng

rì rè rào ròu rán ràng rén rēng

zǐ zá zé zài zǎo zǒu zāng zěn zēng




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cì cā cè cái cǎo còu cān cāng cén

céng

sì sǎ sè sài sǎo sōu sān sāng sēn

sēng




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yī yá yào yǒu yǎn yàng yú yé yuè

yún yuán yòng yīn yíng

wǒ wǔ wà wài wéi wán wèn

wáng wēng


(payattention to thedifferentiat iono f the tones) 33

Chinese Study Material 1

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