Chinese Philosophies
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Transcript of Chinese Philosophies
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Chinese PhilosophiesThe Teachings of Confucius, Buddha and
Lao Tze
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Confucius551 - 470 B.C
Confucianism is a system of beliefs based on the teachings of Kong Fu Zi (first called Confucius by Europeans)
Confucius developed a practical philosophy for life and government
His ideas focused on: proper conduct for all respect for elders education government service hard work
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Code of Behavior
This code of behavior involved five relationships:
ruler and subject parent and child husband and wife sibling and sibling friend and friend
Confucius believed that in these relationships people should be:
loyal courteous honest faithful obedient to those in
authority
Confucius taught that everyone should follow a certain code of behavior.
If people followed the code, their relationships would be harmonious and enjoyable
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Prominent Works The Analects
The sayings of Confucius were remembered by his followers and were later compiled in a book of Analects (sayings), perhaps having been expanded on in the meantime. Through them we discover Confucius' notions of the virtues, i.e., the positive character traits, to which we should aspire.
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Lao-Tze 606 - 530 B.C.
Daoism is a religion based on the teachings of Lao-Tze (which means “old master”), believed to be the first Daoist philosopher
Lao-Tze taught that the goal of life is to achieve oneness with the Dao, a universal force connected to nature that cannot be explained, only experienced and felt
Daoism teaches that humans should see themselves as part of nature and should understand change as part of everything.
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Lao-Tze’s views on nature
Daoism stresses that the best way for humans to find peace is by living simply, in harmony with nature
Lao-Tze taught that to discover how nature works you must sit by a river, feel a breeze, or observe a drifting cloud.
Notice that nothing in nature strives for fame, power, or knowledge, so neither should you
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Lao-Tze’s view on government
Daoists do not believe in strong government, but that happiness and peace can be achieved by thinking about nature, not by following societal rules and laws.
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Yin and Yang Daoism teaches that harmony comes from
balancing the opposite forces of nature, called yin and yang Yin’s attributes: female, earth, dark and cold Yang’s attributes: male, sky, light, and heat
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Sacred Works Tao Te Ching
(tao—meaning the way of all life, te—meaning the fit use of life by men, and ching—meaning text or classic)
A collection of Lao-Tze’s teachings, but not written by him.
Most likely written by teachers and students of Daoism
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Buddha563 to 483 B.C.
Buddhism is a religion based on the life and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, which means enlightened one
Gautama lived in India Buddhism was brought
to China around A.D. 200 by Buddhist monks and traders
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The Four Noble Truths The Buddha’s teachings are summed up in the
Four Noble Truths: 1) all life is suffering and pain; 2) suffering and pain are caused by desire for
wealth, pleasure, fame, and power; 3) to end suffering one must overcome desire; 4) to overcome desire, one must follow the Middle
Way.
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The Middle Way The Middle Way is a philosophy of life that
stresses virtuous conduct, and compassion for all living things.
This leads to calmness and purity of mind
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Reincarnation Buddhism preaches reincarnation
the idea that when a person dies, the soul is reborn in a new body
The first goal in life is to attain nirvana, the condition of desiring nothing.
When one attains nirvana, he or she breaks the cycle of life and death, and is no longer reincarnated into an earthly life of suffering.
The final goal for Buddhists is to devote their lives to bringing others to enlightenment.
Enlightenment
Life
DeathRe-birth
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Sacred Works The Tripitaka
the earliest collection of buddhist writings and the most sacred text in Theravada Buddhism
The word means "the three baskets and refers to the way the texts were first recorded
The Vinaya Pitaka (discipline basket) contains precepts for monks and nuns
the Sutta Pitaka (teaching basket) contains the discourses of Buddha
the Abidhamma Pitaka (metaphysical basket) contains Buddhist theology
The Sutras Mahayana and Vajrayana sects
of Buddhism recognize hundreds of additional sutras recorded by masters after the time of the Buddha
These writings are known as the Sutras
The Sutras were put into writing between the second century bce and the second century
Heart Sutra Diamond Sutra Lotus Sutra
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Review Get your clickers ready….
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Who promotes hard work?
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Who believes that to find peace one must live in harmony with nature?
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Who does not believe in strong government?
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Who believes in Reincarnation?
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Who preaches respect for elders?
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Who believes all life is suffering and pain?
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Who believes harmony comes from balancing the opposite forces of nature?
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Who believes suffering is caused by the desire for wealth, pleasure, fame and power?
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Who promotes education and government service?
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Who believes that to end suffering one must overcome all desires?
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Who believes happiness is achieved by living in tune with nature, not by following rules and
laws?
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Who believes the first goal in life is to attain Nirvana?
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Critical-Thinking
Identify which philosopher is most likely to have said each quote…
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Like a spider caught in its own web is a person driven by fierce cravings. Break out of the web
and turn away from the world of sensory pleasure and sorrow.
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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If a ruler himself is upright, all will go well without orders. But if he
himself is not upright, even though he gives orders they will
not be obeyed
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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The more laws and edicts are imposed, the more thieves and bandits there will be.
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Life is a journey, death is a return to the earth, the universe is like an inn, the passing years are like
dust
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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The sage, because he does nothing, never ruins anything, because he does not lay hold of
anything, loses nothing
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Be respectful at home, serious at work, faithful in human relations.
Even if you go to uncivilized areas, these virtues are not to be
abandoned.
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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In a country well governed, poverty is something to be
ashamed of. In a country badly governed, wealth is something to
be ashamed of.
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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To know that you do not know is the best. To pretend to know when you do not is a disease
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze
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Peace comes from within. Do not seek it without.
1. Confucius2. Buddha3. Lao-Tze