Chinese Catholicism After 1949 1, A Brief History:three stages 2, The Sino-Vatican Relationship...
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Chinese Catholicism After 1949 1, A Brief History:three stages 2, The Sino-Vatican Relationship 3,Two more considerations : Lay people in CCC, Identity as a Chinese Catholic
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Transcript of Chinese Catholicism After 1949 1, A Brief History:three stages 2, The Sino-Vatican Relationship...
Chinese Catholicism After
1949
1, A Brief History:three stages
2, The Sino-Vatican Relationship
3,Two more considerations : Lay people in CCC,
Identity as a Chinese Catholic
I ， Brief History 1, Franciscan Missionaries the first Catholic church was founded around 1294 ， Yuan Dynasty, by Giovanni da Monte Corvino(1247 － 1328 ), bishop at Beijing(1307) during the Pope Nicholas IV and Clement V period. Around 30,000 Catholics by the end of Yuan Dynasty(1369) .
2, Jesuits and other Missionaries bear fruitBy the beginning of 18 century, there was 300,000 Catholics in China and 3 archdioceses. Rites Controversy(17c-18c): missionaries forbidden in China, only about 30 missionaries left secretly before the first Opium War. However, the foreigner missionaries came back: there were 5 mission districts, and 700,000 Catholics by the end of 19th Century,.
3,since 1949 to nowThe Catholic population from 3.28 millions, 143 Dioceses (30 Chinese Bishops among them ) in 1949 to 5.60 millions, 97 dioceses now.
Genghis Khan---- Kublai Khan
Beato Giovanni da Montecorvino
Marco Polo
SDB in mainland China•Feb,1906, Fr. L.Versiglia with other 6 SDB arrived in Macau
•1917 SDB entered into Shaoguan,GuangDong where Matteo Ricci stayed for few years.
•1924 SDB in Shanghai, opened school and churches, later on in other places like Jiangsu, Yunnan and Beijing etc.
Catholic Statistics according to blue book of religions 2009,p95
year 1999 2008Dioceses 110 97 ↓Bishops 70 50 ↓ (among which only 24 are under 55 years old, some others are over 80/90 yrs old )Priests 1200+ 1800+↑Churches 5600 6000+↑Seminaries 36 20+ ↓Seminarians 1900 1200 ↓Sisters 3000+ 3000+novice 1000+ 3000+Total populations 5million 5.60million ↑
HK Holy Spirit Study Center statistics to November 2008
Catholic population 12 million Dioceses 110 and 22 without regular priests↓Bishops 59 public and 50 underground Priests 1800 junior + 50 senior (public church) and 1000 junior + 50 senior (underground )Churches 6000+Seminaries 20 and 10 (underground) Seminarians 1200 and 530 (underground)Sisters 3500 and 1250 (underground)novices 200 and 200 (underground)Novitiate 40 and 20 (underground)
Puzzle: Catholic population Statistics
* It was said that the Catholic population went from 3.28 millions, 143 Dioceses (30 Chinese Bishops among them ) in 1949 to 5.60 millions, 97 dioceses now.
*is the Catholic population accurate?
5.6 million, 6 million or 12million?
However, 60,000—100,000 baptized annually, still less than 1% as it was in 1949
*Why?
II, Sino-Vatican Relationship
Different levels to discuss this relationship Chinese Government vs. Holy See Chinese Catholic church(CCC) vs. Holy see
State vs.universal church vs. CCC other local churches vs. CCC
“The core of the relationship is how the Holy see and Chinese Government look at the Chinese Catholic church. ”------Ms. Wang Meixiu, the Expert on Sino-Vatican Relation
II-1,Holy See—Chinese State Government
A, brief history ---Get rid of the Patronage-- indigenization
Celso Costantini: the Apostolic delegate (刚恒毅 1876-1958) in China during 1920’s
-Diplomatic relationship between Chinese Government and Holy See was set up in the year 1943.
- Expulsion of the apostolic Nuncio Antonio Riberi on Sept 1951. Since 1952, Taiwan continued the relationship with Holy See.
1958---1979, relations broke up. Now been negotiating the normalization.
B,Mutual ExpectationsTwo rationales for Chinese Government to deal with Vatican: One China, no interference in the Chinese Internal affair.
Vatican rational: full religious freedom.
II-2,CCC and Pontiff A, brief history1949-1955, CCC kept fidelity to supreme Pontiff
1957, Chinese Patriotic Association of Catholics .
1958 first Two Episcopal ordinations without papal mandate
Church revival after 1980s, reconciliation process,82\83 reopening of the seminaries
1980, Bishops' Conference of Catholic Church in China
Chinese Regional Bishops' Conference
church schism: Patriotic Church and underground church
B, Reconciliation processMay.1988, “8 points instruction” to grant “full and legitimate exercise of episcopal jurisdiction” to those underground bishops by Congregation for the Evangelization of People
May 2007, letter from holy see to Chinese Catholics, asking for church Integrity and reconciliation
II-3, State and CCC
1) Constitution of the People's Republic of China (1982) 2) March 1982, No.19 Document on Religion released by Central Committee of CPC,
The seminaries and church reopen, the ecclesiastical properties returned
3) Jan 1994,Decree 144-145 of the State Council, on religious venues, provision registration and administration
4)July 2004, Regulations on Religious Affairs,
The rule to understand the sino-vatican relationship
respect the traditions both the church jurisdiction and the governance in Chinese history the dominance of the central power, and the subordination of religion in China
central state power:王权至上，溥天之下，莫非王土，率土之滨，莫非王臣。 The benefit and side-effect to the religious groups from this governance:
Harmony\ Dialogue\Reconciliation
III ） two more related issues
•Lay People in Catholic church history.
•The hierarchy -----Lay Role
What’s our indentity
the evolution of Chinese Clothing
from particular ethnic to globalized-----what and how to
be indigenous
