Chinese aid in the Pacific Data & References! 2! Reference!Documents!!...

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Data Collection China does not publish official data on its aid program at a country level. It also does not provide a regular annual aid budget; agreements on funding have traditionally been ad hoc. Finding accurate information is therefore more challenging than for other donors. The data collection process for this project was multifaceted. But it involved four main phases.

1. Searching official government documents of Pacific island countries • Including budget documents, treasury statements, parliamentary or

congressional acts, committee reports • These sources were used for finding data on project costs and type of funding

2. Searching Chinese government websites and official statements • Including Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Commerce, and Embassy

and Economic and Commercial Counsellor websites • Including announcements of project agreements, groundbreaking ceremonies,

and handover ceremonies • These sources were used for finding data on project timeframes, Chinese

contractors, and type of funding 3. Searching secondary sources for references to specific projects

• Including media reports (Chinese and in Pacific island countries), announcements on Chinese contractor websites/annual reports, YouTube entries, official Facebook pages, and photos of projects

• These sources were used for confirming specific details of projects, particularly project start and completion dates, the name of the Chinese contractor, and project components

4. Interviews, site visits, direct requests • Including interviews with key government officials in Fiji (2009; 2014), Cook

Islands (2013) and Papua New Guinea (2009) and visits to project sites • Including direct email requests to Chinese representatives, project managers,

government officials in specific departments, other key stakeholders throughout the Pacific islands region

• These were used to verify specific details of projects Information was crosschecked across multiple sources. Information from official Chinese and Pacific island government sources and project documents was privileged over media reports, as the latter can be unreliable (e.g. projects announced more than once; confusion in type of aid; inadvertent errors in project costs). When there was a slight discrepancy in project cost, the RMB figure was used, as the difference is likely due to currency conversion.

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Reference Documents In addition to confidential interviews, site visits, and direct email requests, the following references were used in the data collection process. GENERAL Government documents and other official statements Government of the People’s Republic of China, Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, Measures for the Administration of Foreign Aid, (Beijing: Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, 18 April 2014). The People'ʹs Republic of China, Information Office of the State Council, China'ʹs Foreign Aid, White Paper on Foreign Aid, 2011, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-‐‑04/21/c_13839683.htm. The People'ʹs Republic of China, Information Office of the State Council, China'ʹs Foreign Aid (2014), White Paper on Foreign Aid, 2014, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-‐‑07/10/c_133474011.htm. Reports Philippa Brant, No Strings Attached? Chinese Foreign Aid and its Implications for the International Aid Regime, (PhD Thesis, The University of Melbourne), May 2012 Jenny Hayward-‐‑Jones, Big Enough for All of Us: Geo-‐‑strategic Competition in the Pacific Islands, Lowy Institute Analysis (Sydney: Lowy Institute for International Policy, 2013). Naohiro Kitano and Yukinori Harada, Estimating China’s Foreign Aid 2001-‐‑2013, JICA-‐‑RI Working Paper No. 78, (Tokyo, JICA Research Institute, June 2014). Maya Schmaljohann and Annalisa Prizzon, The Age of Choice: Fiji and Vanuatu in the New Aid Landscape, Overseas Development Institute, September 2014, http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-‐‑assets/publications-‐‑opinion-‐‑files/9160.pdf. Graeme Smith, George Carter, Mao Xiaojing, Almah Tararia, Elisi Topou, and Xu Weitao, The Development Needs of Pacific Island Countries, United Nations Development Programme (Beijing, UNDP, September 2014).

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Journal articles Matthew Dornan and Philippa Brant, “Chinese Assistance in the Pacific: Agency, Effectiveness and the Role of Pacific Island Governments,” Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies 1, no. 2 (2014): 349-‐‑363 Philippa Brant, “Chinese Aid in the South Pacific: Linked to Resources?,” Asian Studies Review 37, no. 2 (2013): 158-‐‑177 Blogs Philippa Brant, “China'ʹs Humanitarian Assistance: Signs of Improvement?,” The Interpreter (blog), 29 January 2014, http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2014/01/29/Chinas-‐‑humanitarian-‐‑assistance-‐‑Signs-‐‑of-‐‑improvement.aspx. Philippa Brant, “China'ʹs Foreign Aid: New Facts and Figures,” The Interpreter (blog), 8 July 2014, http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2014/07/08/China-‐‑foreign-‐‑aid-‐‑New-‐‑facts-‐‑figures.aspx. Philippa Brant, “China’s Foreign Aid White Paper: Quick Overview,” The Interpreter (blog), 10 July 2014, http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2014/07/10/China-‐‑Foreign-‐‑Aid-‐‑White-‐‑Paper-‐‑overview.aspx. Philippa Brant, “Chinese Aid in Fiji Coming Under New Pressures,” The Interpreter (blog), 27 October 2014, http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2014/10/27/Chinese-‐‑aid-‐‑Fiji-‐‑new-‐‑pressures.aspx. Philippa Brant, “Chinese Navy: A Soft-‐‑Power Win in the Pacific,” The Interpreter (blog), 17 September 2014, http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2014/09/17/Chinese-‐‑navy-‐‑peace-‐‑ark-‐‑soft-‐‑power-‐‑win-‐‑in-‐‑the-‐‑Pacific.aspx. COOK ISLANDS Government documents and other official statements China International Centre for Economic and Technical Exchanges, “Notice No. 15 of 2010,” 2010年第15号通告, 9 January 2010, http://www.cicete.org/dwyzybwzxm/dwyzxmhtwyhgg/698578.shtml. Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in New Zealand (Cook Islands and Niue), “China-‐‑donated Equipment Handed Over to Cook Islands,” 1 February 2015, http://www.chinaembassy.org.nz/eng/zgykkgx/t1233290.htm.

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Government of the Cook Islands, Ministry of Finance, Cook Islands Government: Appropriation Amendment 2011/2012, (Avarua, Ministry of Finance, February 2012). Government of the Cook Islands, Ministry of Finance, Cook Islands Government: Appropriation Amendment 2012/2013, (Avarua, Ministry of Finance, February 2013). Government of the Cook Islands, Ministry of Finance, “Book 1: Appropriation Bill, Appropriations and Commentary,” in Cook Islands Government Budget Estimates, 2011/2012, (Avarua: Ministry of Finance, July 2011). Government of the Cook Islands, Ministry of Finance, “Book 1: Appropriation Bill, Appropriations and Commentary,” in Cook Islands Government Budget Estimates, 2012/2013, (Avarua: Ministry of Finance, June 2012). Government of the Cook Islands, Ministry of Finance, “Book 2: Ministry Budget Statements,” in Cook Islands Government Budget Estimates, 2012/2013, (Avarua: Ministry of Finance, June 2012). Government of the Cook Islands, Ministry of Finance, “Book 1: Appropriation Bill, Appropriations and Commentary,” in Cook Islands Government Budget Estimates, 2013/2014, (Avarua: Ministry of Finance, June 2013). Government of the Cook Islands, Ministry of Finance, “Book 3: Capital Plan,” in Cook Islands Government Budget Estimates, 2013/2014, (Avarua: Ministry of Finance, June 2013). Government of the Cook Islands, Ministry of Finance, “Book 1: Appropriation Bill, Appropriations and Commentary,” in Cook Islands Government Budget Estimates, 2014/2015, (Avarua: Ministry of Finance, October 2014). Government of the Cook Islands, Ministry of Finance, “Book 3: Capital Plan,” in Cook Islands Government Budget Estimates, 2014/2015, (Avarua: Ministry of Finance, October 2014). Government of the Cook Islands, Ministry of Finance, Pre-‐‑election Economic and Fiscal Update 2014, (Avarua, Ministry of Finance, 30 April 2014). Press releases Ministry of Finance, Government of the Cook Islands, “New Machinery on the Way for Outer Islands,” media release, 10 October 2014, http://www.mfem.gov.ck/images/New__machinery_on_the_way_for_outer_islands_-‐‑_Press_Release.pdf.

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Ministry of Finance, Government of the Cook Islands, “Whirlwind Visit Creates Better Understanding,” media release, 5 June 2014, http://www.mfem.gov.ck/images/Press_Release_5th_June_2014.pdf. Websites “Lovol’s Overseas Business Score Another Great “Shot”,” Foton Lovol’s Facebook page, 3 January 2015, https://www.facebook.com/568217286533234/posts/881169305238029/. Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, “China-‐‑Cook Islands the Fruitful Assistance by China,” 中国-库克群岛：援助的累累硕果, A 30-‐‑year History: Exhibition on China’s Opening Up, http://kaifangzhansb.mofcom.gov.cn/huigu/exhibition/show_5.jsp?place=&fenqu=&stat=602. News articles Cook Island Govmedia, “Government Approves Chinese Built Inter-‐‑Island Ferry,” 29 November 2007. Cook Islands Govmedia, “Chinese Built Inter-‐‑Island Ferry to Cost $10m,” 30 November 2007. Matariki Wilson, “Chinese Tractors, Diggers Assembled,” Cook Islands News, 21 October 2010, http://www.cookislandsnews.com/item/25683-‐‑chinese-‐‑tractors-‐‑diggers-‐‑assembled/25683-‐‑chinese-‐‑tractors-‐‑diggers-‐‑assembled. Matariki Wilson, “Chinese Tractors on the Move,” Cook Islands News, 20 January 2011, http://www.cookislandsnews.com/item/30879-‐‑chinese-‐‑tractors-‐‑on-‐‑the-‐‑move/30879-‐‑chinese-‐‑tractors-‐‑on-‐‑the-‐‑move. Weifang News, 雷沃重工又一海外大单发运, 24 December 2014, http://wfwb.wfnews.com.cn/content/20141225/Articel04006EL.htm. FIJI Government documents and other official statements China International Center for Economic and Technical Exchanges, “Notice No. 12 of 2012” 2012年第29号通告, 19 September 2012, http://www.cicete.org/dwyzybwzxm/dwyzxmhtwyhgg/794539.shtml.

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The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Fiji, “中国提供优惠贷款的Moto路升级改造工程竣工

通车,”7 October 2013, http://fj.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201310/20131000334157.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Fiji, “中国提供优惠贷款斐济公路项目Buca Bay路段

举行开工仪式” 8 May 2011, http://fj.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201105/20110507538170.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Fiji, “中国提供优贷实施斐公路升级改造项目中

Sigatoka Valley路段工程举行开工仪式,” 30 May 2011, http://fj.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201105/20110507574949.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Fiji, “中国援斐济公共服务委员会办公场所围墙项目

交接证书在苏瓦签署,“ 31 October 2012, http://fj.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201210/20121008411107.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Fiji, “中国援斐济总统府和植物园围墙项目竣工交接” 6 April 2011, http://fj.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201104/20110407483478.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Fiji, “中国援斐济工程机械设备完成交接,” 17 January 2011, http://fj.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201101/20110107365611.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Fiji, “中国援斐基务瓦村海岸防护工程举行落成仪式” 18 July 2013, http://fj.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201307/20130700204867.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Fiji, “中国援助斐济礼宾车完成交接 ,” 3 May 2013, http://fj.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201305/20130500111903.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Fiji, “斐济临时政府总理视察我援斐纳务索桥项目工

地 ,” 9 March 2009, http://fj.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/200903/20090306085172.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Fiji, “中国援助斐济新闻办公设备运抵交接,” 22 September 2011, http://fj.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201109/20110907751880.shtml.

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The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Fiji, “斐济首个使用我政府优惠贷款的项目建成启用” 15 April 2011, http://fj.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201104/20110407499934.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Fiji, “全国人大常委会向斐济政府赠送办公设备交接

证书在苏瓦签署 ,” 12 October 2012, http://fj.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201210/20121008380728.shtml. Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Fiji, “China to Help Build Mini Hydro Power Station in Fiji,” 20 September 2013, http://fj.chineseembassy.org/eng/zfgx/t1078498.htm. Government of the Republic of Fiji, Fiji e-‐‑Government Master Plan: Final Report, (Suva, Government of the Republic of Fiji, 2007). Government of Fiji, Department of National Roads, 9th Fiji National Transport Consultative Forum, 30 June 2011, (Suva: Department of National Roads, 2011), http://www.transportunit.gov.fj/pdf/2010/SESSION%205%20-‐‑%20DNR-‐‑%20APISAI%20KETENILAGI.pdf. Republic of Fiji, Ministry of Finance, Economic and Fiscal Updates: Supplement to the 2010 Budget Address; Strengthening the Foundations for Economic Growth and Prosperity, (Suva, Ministry of Finance, November 2009). Republic of Fiji, Ministry of Finance, Economic and Fiscal Updates: Supplement to the 2011 Budget Address; Enhancing Economic Growth and Inclusive Development, (Suva, Ministry of Finance, 26 November 2010). Republic of Fiji, Ministry of Finance, Economic and Fiscal Updates: Supplement to the 2013 Budget Address; Investing in our Future, (Suva, Ministry of Finance, 22 November 2012). Republic of Fiji, Ministry of Finance, Economic and Fiscal Updates: Supplement to the 2014 Budget Address; Building a Smarter Fiji, (Suva, Ministry of Finance, 8 November 2013). Republic of Fiji, Ministry of Finance, Fiji Budget Estimates 2012, (Suva, Ministry of Finance, 25 November 2011). Republic of Fiji, Ministry of Finance, Fiji Budget Estimates 2013, (Suva, Ministry of Finance, 22 November 2012). Republic of Fiji, Ministry of Finance, Fiji Budget Estimates 2014, (Suva, Ministry of Finance, 8 November 2013).

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Republic of Fiji, Ministry of Finance, Government Debt Report for the Year Ending 2010, (Suva, Ministry of Finance, May 2011). Republic of Fiji, Ministry of Finance, Government Debt Report for the Year Ending 2011, (Suva, Ministry of Finance, January 2012). Republic of Fiji, Ministry of Finance, Government Debt Report for the Year Ending 2013, (Suva, Ministry of Finance, January 2014). Press releases Alcatel-‐‑Lucent, “Fiji Government Selects Alcatel-‐‑Lucent as Sole Provider for its E-‐‑government Project,” media release, 17 May 2011, http://www.alcatel-‐‑lucent.com/press/2011/002436. Government of Fiji, “China Donates $4.1M of Technical Equipment,” media release, 17 January 2011, http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-‐‑Center/Press-‐‑Releases/China-‐‑donates-‐‑$4.1m-‐‑of-‐‑technical-‐‑equipment.aspx. Government of Fiji, “China Donates to Fiji Relief Fund,” media release, 13 April 2012, http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-‐‑Center/Press-‐‑Releases/CHINA-‐‑DONATES-‐‑TO-‐‑RELIEF-‐‑FUND.aspx. Government of Fiji, “Somosomo Mini Hydro Power Given Green Light,” media release, 18 September 2013, http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-‐‑Center/Press-‐‑Releases/SOMOSOMO-‐‑MINI-‐‑HYDRO-‐‑POWER-‐‑GIVEN-‐‑GREEN-‐‑LIGHT.aspx. The State Council of the People’s Republic of China, “述评：中国技术助力南太岛国发展” 22 November 2014, http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2014-‐‑11/22/content_2782302.htm. Websites “Capital Projects,” Fiji Roads Authority, 2014, http://www.fijiroads.org/content/capital-‐‑projects. “Completed Chinese Government Direct Grant Projects,” Office of the Prime Minister, Republic of Fiji, 2012, http://www.pmoffice.gov.fj/index.php/projects/completed-‐‑chinese-‐‑grant. “Fiji: China Cash Aid for Hurricane Relief,” Reliefweb, 19 March 2010, http://reliefweb.int/report/fiji/fiji-‐‑china-‐‑cash-‐‑aid-‐‑hurricane-‐‑relief. “Somosomo Hydro,” Department of Energy, Republic of Fiji, 2013, http://www.fdoe.gov.fj/index.php/power-‐‑sector/somosomo-‐‑hydro.

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Sun Keyi and Wang Gang, “The First Completed Upgrade Road of CRFG in Fiji Island,” China Railway Engineering Corporation, 29 November 2013, http://en.crfeb.com.cn/tabid/238/InfoID/69194/frtid/201/Default.aspx. XCMG, “斐济援建彰显徐工品牌 ,” 3 March 2011, http://xgjx.xcmg.com/company/news/20032_for_gongsixinwen_text.htm. Reports PricewaterhouseCoopers, Fiji National Budget 2014: Synopsis, (Suva, PricewaterhouseCoopers, 8 November 2013). News articles Ana Madigibuli, “Seawall for Village,” The Fiji Times, 19 July 2013, http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=240128. “Bainimarama Praises China for Commitment to Improving Infrastructure in Fiji,” Xinhua, 1 June 2011, http://en.people.cn/90001/90776/90883/7397935.html. “China Donates Books to South Pacific University in Fiji,” Xinhua, 13 May 2011, http://china-‐‑wire.org/?p=13161. “China Donates Sea Wall to Fiji,” Xinhua, 17 July 2013, http://en.people.cn/90883/8330171.html. “China-‐‑Fiji Economic Ties Emphasized for Developing,” Xinhua, 27 September 2012, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2012-‐‑09/27/content_15787837.htm. “China, Fiji Sign Economic, Technical Cooperation Deal,” Xinhua, 13 April 2012, http://english.cntv.cn/20120413/118360.shtml. “Chinese Firm Starts Upgrading Roads in Fiji,” Xinhua, 27 May 2011, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2011-‐‑05/27/content_12595049.htm. “China Helps Set Up First Feed Mill in Fiji: Official,” Xinhua, 21 April 2011, http://en.people.cn/90001/90776/90883/7357977.html. “China Sends Condolence Message, Emergency Aid,” Fijivillage.com, 18 March 2010, http://fijivillage.com/news/China-‐‑sends-‐‑condolence-‐‑message-‐‑Emergency-‐‑Aid-‐‑-‐‑s2r5k9/. Dreu Vukailagi, “Bainimarama Opens 210 New PRB Flats,” FijiONE, 1 September 2014, http://fijione.tv/bainimarama-‐‑opens-‐‑210-‐‑new-‐‑prb-‐‑flats/.

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“Equipment for Fiji'ʹs Rural Infrastructure Arrives from China,” Xinhua, 17 January 2011, http://en.people.cn/90001/90776/90883/7263621.html. “Fiji: China Donates Media Equipment to Government,” Pacific Media Watch, 22 September 2011, http://www.pmc.aut.ac.nz/pacific-‐‑media-‐‑watch/fiji-‐‑china-‐‑donates-‐‑media-‐‑equipment-‐‑government-‐‑7622. “Fiji’s China-‐‑funded Hydro Plant Awaits Final Designs,” Xinhua, 5 January 2011, http://china-‐‑wire.org/?p=9578. “Fiji Looks to Chinese Bank for E-‐‑government Project,” Xinhua, 10 November 2009, http://en.people.cn/90001/90776/90883/6809045.html. “Groundbreaking Ceremony Postponed,” Fijivillage.com, 20 December 2007, http://fijivillage.com/news/Groundbreaking-‐‑ceremony-‐‑postponed-‐‑9s5k2r/. “HA Signs Contract with Chinese Company,” Fijivillage.com, 3 March 2009, http://fijivillage.com/news/HA-‐‑signs-‐‑contract-‐‑with-‐‑Chinese-‐‑company-‐‑rk529s/. Luke Rawalai, “$12.09m Upgrade Spending,” The Fiji Times, 18 July 2013, http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=240004. Luke Rawalai, “China Railway, LTA Discuss Truck Load Weights,” The Fiji Times, 18 June 2013, http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=237162. Luke Rawalai, “China Team for Hydro Project,” The Fiji Times, 27 May 2013, http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=235091. Losirene Chand, “China Railway, TOTAL Partners,” Fiji Sun, 27 February 2013, http://fijisun.com.fj/2013/02/27/china-‐‑railway-‐‑total-‐‑partners/. Maika Bolatiki, “Fiji: Chinese-‐‑funded Raiwai Housing Project Stopped,” Fiji Sun, 4 January 2013. Nasik Swami “Fiji Government Data Centre Opens Doors -‐‑ Chinese Loan,” Fijilive, 15 April 2011, http://fijilive.com/news/2011/04/government-‐‑data-‐‑centre-‐‑opens-‐‑doors/32259.Fijilive. “Navuso Bridge Opens,” Fijivillage.com, 21 May 2009, http://fijivillage.com/news/Navuso-‐‑bridge-‐‑opens-‐‑95k2sr/.

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Paradise Tudrau, “Savusavu Villagers Happy After Ground-‐‑breaking Ceremony for New Road,” Fijivillage.com, 7 May 2011, http://fijivillage.com/news/Savusavu-‐‑villagers-‐‑happy-‐‑after-‐‑ground-‐‑breaking-‐‑ceremony-‐‑for-‐‑new-‐‑road-‐‑9rks25/. Paulini Ratulailai, “China Donates 20 G77 Cars,” Fiji Sun, 4 May 2013, http://fijisun.com.fj/2013/05/04/china-‐‑donates-‐‑20-‐‑g77-‐‑cars/. Ravai Vafo'ʹou, “Mushroom Farming Soon to Be a Reality,” FijiONE, 28 April 2014, http://fijione.tv/mushroom-‐‑farming-‐‑soon-‐‑to-‐‑be-‐‑a-‐‑reality/. Reginald Chandar, “China Commits 50,000 USD to Fight Dengue,” Fijilive, 7 March 2014, http://fijilive.com/news/2014/03/china-‐‑commits-‐‑50000-‐‑usd-‐‑to-‐‑fight-‐‑dengue/56818.Fijilive. Reginald Chandar, “Senior Officials Undergo Training in China,” Fijilive, 30 September 2013, http://fijilive.com/news/2013/09/senior-‐‑officials-‐‑undergo-‐‑training-‐‑in-‐‑china/55189/. Rinu Shyyam, “Navua Hospital Well Underway,” Fiji Sun, 13 May 2013, http://fijisun.com.fj/2013/05/13/navua-‐‑hospital-‐‑well-‐‑underway/. Selina Navuso, “Fiji Government Signs $23m Project,” Fijivillage.com, 24 September 2010, http://fijivillage.com/news/Fiji-‐‑Govt-‐‑signs-‐‑23m-‐‑project-‐‑r52s9k/. Serafina Silaitoga, “China to Fund Hydro,” The Fiji Times, 3 August 2011, http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=176785%20. Seruwaia Waqasaqa and Siteri Taleitaki, “Work on Track for Somosomo Hydro,” Fiji Sun, 19 March 2014, http://fijisun.com.fj/2014/03/19/work-‐‑on-‐‑track-‐‑for-‐‑somosomo-‐‑hydro/. “Sewing Machines from China to Help Fijian Rural Women Earn Income,” Xinhua, 11 April 2011, http://en.people.cn/90001/90776/90883/7345939.html Siteri Taleitaki Labasa, “Taveuni Ready to Feed Chinese Workers,” Fiji Sun, 27 June 2014, http://fijisun.com.fj/2014/06/27/taveuni-‐‑ready-‐‑to-‐‑feed-‐‑chinese-‐‑workers/. Sneh Chaudhry, “Fiji-‐‑China Relations Continue to Strengthen,” Fijivillage.com, 30 November 2010, http://fijivillage.com/news/Fiji-‐‑China-‐‑relations-‐‑continue-‐‑to-‐‑strengthen-‐‑s9k25r/. Tevita Vuibau, “China to Offer Aid,” The Fiji Times, 23 January 2014, http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=257803.

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Timoci Vula, “PRB and China Railway Sign $20m Contract,” The Fiji Times, 19 June 2010, http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=150408. Tokasa Rainima, “New Navua Hospital to Be Located at Naimelimeli,” Fijivillage.com, 4 January 2011, http://fijivillage.com/news/New-‐‑Navua-‐‑Hospital-‐‑to-‐‑be-‐‑located-‐‑at-‐‑Naimelimeli-‐‑-‐‑5k2s9r/. Varanisese Nasilasila, “Government Officials for China Training,” Fiji Sun, 9 May 2014, http://fijisun.com.fj/2014/05/09/government-‐‑officials-‐‑for-‐‑china-‐‑training/. Zafiya Shamim, “New Navua Hospital Hand-‐‑Over on July 25,” Fiji Sun, 5 July 2014, http://fijisun.com.fj/2014/07/05/new-‐‑navua-‐‑hospital-‐‑hand-‐‑over-‐‑on-‐‑july-‐‑25/. Zhu Zhe, “Wu'ʹs Visit Enhances Sino-‐‑Fijian Relations,” China Daily, 22 September 2012, http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-‐‑09/22/content_15775202.htm. Speeches Frank Bainimarama, “Remarks by the PM Bainimarama at his meeting with H.E. Mr Li Keqiang – Premier of PRC,” (speech, Great Hall of the People, Beijing, 29 May 2013). Huang Yong, “Address by H.E. Ambassador Huang Yong on the Occasion of the 64th Anniversary of the Founding of the People'ʹs Republic of China,” (speech, Chinese Embassy Chancery, Suva, 30 September 2013). Huang Yong, “Remarks by H.E. Ambassador Huang Yong at the Hand-‐‑Over Ceremony of Chinese Police Aid to Fiji,” (speech, Fiji Police Support Response Unit, Suva, 10 September 2014). Videos “Fijian and Chinese Government Sign Contractual Agreement for Somosomo Hydro Power Station,” YouTube video, 7:42, posted by “FijianGovernment,” 17 September 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kX3qWcHkU2A. FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA Government documents and other official statements The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Federated States of Micronesia, “我援密项目（丘克机场）考察

设计专家组访密成功,” 8 March 2005, http://fm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/200503/20050300022302.shtml.

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The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Federated States of Micronesia, “我援密客货船移交，总统等出

席,” 28 February 2007, http://fm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/200703/20070304432426.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Federated States of Micronesia, “密克罗尼西亚副总统阿利克参

加我援密高中项目开工仪式,” 19 November 2008, http://fm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/todayheader/200811/20081105901576.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Federated States of Micronesia, “我援密客货船维修项目签署对

外合同,” 11 December 2009, http://fm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/200912/20091206666335.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Federated States of Micronesia, “我援密联邦波纳佩州政府办公

大楼移交仪式顺利举行,” 12 February 2010, http://fm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201002/20100206785769.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Federated States of Micronesia, “我援密联邦第二艘客货两用船

完成维护交付雅浦州,” 21 January 2010, http://fm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201201/20120107936959.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Federated States of Micronesia, “中密两国签署援密第二艘客货

两用船维修换文,” 18 June 2010, http://fm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201006/20100606972829.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Federated States of Micronesia, “密克罗尼西亚联邦国会通过渔

业复兴项目的有关决议,” 19 November 2010, http://fm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201011/20101107256007.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Federated States of Micronesia, “我驻密克罗尼西亚联邦使馆举

行援密第一艘客货两用船维修工程竣工交接仪式 ,” 3 December 2010, http://fm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201012/20101207283832.shtml.

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The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Federated States of Micronesia, “中密签署关于密联邦科斯雷州

大桥项目考察的换文,” 15 October 2011, http://fm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201110/20111007781429.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Federated States of Micronesia, “我援建的示范农场已成为中国

在密克罗尼西亚的一张名片,” 21 May 2014, http://fm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201405/20140500594013.shtml. Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Federated States of Micronesia, “Books donated to COM-‐‑FSM Pohnpei Campus by the Chinese Embassy,” 20 October 2007, http://fm.china-‐‑embassy.org/eng/xwdt/t373975.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.B. No. 13-‐‑30, Thirteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Second Regular Session, 2003. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 13-‐‑92, Thirteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Third Special Session, 2004. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 13-‐‑96, Thirteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Third Regular Session, 2004. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 14-‐‑31, Fourteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Second Regular Session, 2005. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 14-‐‑34, Fourteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Second Regular Session, 2005. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 14-‐‑54, Fourteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Third Regular Session, 2006. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 14-‐‑59, Fourteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Third Regular Session, 2006. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.B. No. 15-‐‑63, Fifteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Second Regular Session, 2007. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 15-‐‑74, Fifteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Third Special Session, 2007. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 15-‐‑86, Fifteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Third Regular Session, 2008.

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Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 15-‐‑88, Fifteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Third Regular Session, 2008. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 15-‐‑89, Fifteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Third Regular Session, 2008. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 15-‐‑147, Fifteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Fifth Regular Session, 2008. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 15-‐‑182, Fifteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Sixth Special Session, 2009. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 16-‐‑69, Sixteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Third Regular Session, 2010. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 16-‐‑147, Sixteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Fifth Special Session, 2010. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.B. No. 16-‐‑124, Sixteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Fourth Special Session, 2010. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 17-‐‑49, Seventeenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Second Regular Session, 2011. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 17-‐‑50, Seventeenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Second Regular Session, 2011. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 17-‐‑51, Seventeenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Second Regular Session, 2011. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 17-‐‑71, Seventeenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Second Special Session, 2011. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.B. No. 17-‐‑180, Seventeenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Fifth Regular Session, 2012. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, C.R. No. 17-‐‑134, Seventeenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Third Special Session, 2012. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Standing Committee Report No. 13-‐‑148, Thirteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Fifth Special Session, 2004. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Standing Committee Report No. 13-‐‑149, Thirteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Fifth Special Session, 2004.

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Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Standing Committee Report No. 13-‐‑232, Thirteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Seventh Special Session, 2005. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Standing Committee Report No. 14-‐‑32, Fourteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, First Regular Session, 2005. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Standing Committee Report No. 14-‐‑54, Fourteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Second Regular Session, 2005. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Standing Committee Report No. 15-‐‑86, Fifteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Third Regular Session, 2008. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Standing Committee Report No. 15-‐‑89, Fifteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Third Regular Session, 2008. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Standing Committee Report No. 16-‐‑66, Sixteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Third Regular Session, 2010. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Standing Committee Report No. 18-‐‑95, Eighteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Second Special Session, 2010. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Standing Committee Report No. 17-‐‑56, Seventeenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Second Regular Session, 2011. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Standing Committee Report No. 17-‐‑58, Seventeenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Second Regular Session, 2011. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Standing Committee Report No. 17-‐‑59, Seventeenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Second Regular Session, 2011. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Standing Committee Report No. 17-‐‑60, Seventeenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, Second Regular Session, 2011. Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, “商务部对外援助项目招标委员

会通告2005年第26号,” (Tendering Board Notice 2005, No. 26), 8 October 2005, http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/b/bf/200510/20051000515944.shtml.

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Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, “我援密联邦波纳佩州政府办公

大楼移交仪式顺利举行,” 12 February 2010, http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/i/jyjl/l/201002/20100206785769.html. Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, “驻密克罗尼西亚联邦大使张卫

东为中国援密医疗队颁发荣誉证书 ,” 22 August 2011, http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/i/jyjl/l/201108/20110807704605.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, “驻密克罗尼西亚联邦使馆

举行援密四栋政府住宅项目交接仪式,” 14 September 2006, http://www.mfa.gov.cn/chn//pds/gjhdq/gj/dyz/1206_12/1206x2/t271805.htm. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, “密克罗尼西亚联邦总统乌

鲁塞马尔出席援密第二艘客货两用船交接仪式,” 7 March 2007, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_chn/gjhdq_603914/gj_603916/dyz_608952/1206_609280/1206x2_609300/t302029.shtml. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, “密克罗尼西亚联邦副总统

基里昂出席援密丘克州机场侯机楼改造项目交接仪式,” 6 April 2007, http://wcm.fmprc.gov.cn/pub/chn/gxh/cgb/gj/yz_1/1206_12/1206x2/t309443.htm. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, “驻密克罗尼西亚联邦大使

张连云在庆祝中密建交25周年暨中华人民共和国成立65周年招待会上的讲话,” 12 September 2014, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_chn/dszlsjt_602260/t1190530.shtml. Press releases Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “Chinese Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs visits Pohnpei,” media release, 15 March 2005, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr03150b.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “China-‐‑Pacific Islands Meeting Yields Over $2 Million in Grants for FSM,” media release, 11 April 2006, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr041106.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “Furniture and Solar Street Lamps for the Official Residences,” media release, 8 August 2007, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr08080b.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “Ground Breaking Ceremony for Pohnpei State Administration Building,” media release, 30 November 2007, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr113007.htm.

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Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “FSM Receives $1,000,000 from China,” media release, 11 March 2008, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr031108.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “Chuuk State employees will benefit from China grant funds as bank loans, life insurance benefits and medical coverage become available again,” media release, 18 March 2008, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr03180a.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “China Sending Survey Team for Chief Mailo,”media release, 14 August 2008, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr08140a.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “President Mori Visited Pilot Project Farm in Madolenihmw,” media release, 6 November 2008, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr11060b.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “President Mori Declares a National Emergency,” media release, 30 December 2008, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr123008.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “Update on Disaster Relief Funding for Declaration of Emergency,” media release, 8 January 2009, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr010809.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “FSM Celebrates 20 Years of Diplomatic Relations with China,” media release, 18 September 2009, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr091809.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “FSM Secretary of TC&I Visits Chinese Company on Progress of Chuuk ARFF Facility,” media release, 14 December 2009, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr121409.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “Presidential Order Ratifies 2008 Agreement with People'ʹs Republic of China,” media release, 16 December 2009, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr121609.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “China Offers 14 New Scholarships for FSM Students,” media release, 18 January 2010, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr01181a.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “Chinese Special Envoy to the China-‐‑Pacific Islands Forum Dialogue meets with President Mori,” media release, 21 April 2010, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr042110.htm.

19

Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “Executive Branch Transmits Foreign Financial Assistance from China to 16th Congress for Approval,” media release, 22 January 2010, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr012210.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “Signing Ceremony for Technical and Economic Cooperation Agreement Between FSM and China,” media release, 7 June 2010, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr060710.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “Secretary Itimai signed MOU for Huawei to conduct Desk Study to connect all States in FSM for Broadband,” media release, 4 January 2011, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr010411.htm. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, “FSM welcomes an assistance of $50,000 from the People'ʹs Republic of China,” media release, 2 March 2012, http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr030212.htm. News articles Guangming Daily, “密克罗尼西亚联邦向中航购买2架运12E飞机,” 4 June 2013, http://mil.gmw.cn/2013-‐‑06/04/content_7854982.htm. Websites Jiangsu Provincial Construction Group, “密联邦副总统出席援密高中教学楼交接仪式,” 26 May 2010, http://www.jpcec.com/xwzx/info_21.aspx?itemid=2956 Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, “China-‐‑Micronesia Developing Hand in Hand,” “中国-密克罗尼西亚：携手并肩共同发展,”A 30-‐‑year History: Exhibition on China’s Opening Up, http://kaifangzhansb.mofcom.gov.cn/huigu/exhibition/show_5.jsp?place=&fenqu=&stat=620. Xiamen Municipal Bureau Rural Economy Information Centre (XMAGRI), “金枪鱼管委

会将大展宏图,”6 June 2005, http://www.xmagri.net.cn/xxzx/sjny/200506/t20050606_5733.htm. Presentations Toyo Mori and Naphan Aliven, “Chuuk International Workshop,” (presentation at the Pacific Aviation Directors Workshop, Honolulu, Hawaii, April 2010).

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Newsletters Federated States of Micronesia National Oceanic Resource Management Authority, National Oceanic Resource Management Authority Newsletter: Issue 8 April-‐‑June 2005, (Palikir, National Oceanic Resource Management Authority, 2005), http://www.norma.fm/Published%20Information/NORMA%20NL8.pdf. NIUE Government documents and other official statements Government of Niue, Niue National Strategic Plan 2009-‐‑2013, (Alofi, Government of Niue, 2008). Government of Niue, Ministry of Finance, Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010, (Alofi, Ministry of Finance, 23 November 2012). Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, “中国援助纽埃电视塔传输设备

维修项目换文签署,” 29 July 2009, http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/i/jyjl/l/200907/20090706425738.html. Websites Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, A 30-‐‑Year History: Exhibition on China’s Opening Up, “双边经贸:纽埃 ,” (Bilateral Trade: Niue) 5 February 2009, http://kaifangzhan.mofcom.gov.cn/article/g/i/200902/20090206028614.shtml. Reports Jo Tacchi, Heather Horst, Evangelia Papoutsaki, Verena Thomas, Joys Eggins, Sandra Kailaki and Jessica Noske-‐‑Turner, “Niue: State of Media and Communication Report 2013,” PACMAS, 2013, http://www.pacmas.org/wp-‐‑content/uploads/2013/10/02.-‐‑PACMAS_Niue-‐‑Country-‐‑Report_FINAL.pdf. PAPUA NEW GUINEA Government documents and other official statements East Sepik Provincial Government, Agency Summary of all Projects, (Wewak, East Sepik Provincial Government, 2006).

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The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, “我援巴新三基建项目换文签署,” 19 May 2004, http://pg.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/sbmy/200406/20040600239206.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, “我援巴布亚新几内亚巴巴利利公路破土动工 ,” 16 March 2005, http://pg.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/hzjj/200503/20050300027169.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, “中国政府援巴新沃达尔大学新建宿舍楼项目竣

工移交,” 1 February 2008, http://pg.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/sbmy/200802/20080205373763.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, “巴新总督出席中国援助项目竣工交接仪式,” 25 February 2008, http://pg.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/hzjj/200803/20080305418141.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, “援巴新SAMPUN乡村诊所项目签署施工合同 ,” 7 July 2009, http://pg.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/sbmy/200907/20090706388759.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, “巴新财政与国库部长：中国将促进巴新增长 ,” 28 March 2011, http://pg.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201103/20110307468127.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, “巴布亚新几内亚代总理阿巴尔出席中国优惠贷

款援助项目奠基仪式,” 8 July 2011, http://pg.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/sbmy/201107/20110707640647.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, “使用我优惠贷款实施的巴新首都道路改造项目

举行破土动工仪式,” 7 May 2014, http://pg.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201405/20140500576187.shtml. Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, “China to Aid a Big Cold Storage and Fish Processing Plant in Lae,” 10 September 2004, http://pg.china-‐‑embassy.org/eng/xwdt/t156768.htm. Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, “The Chinese Government Helps PNG to Curb HIV/AIDS,” 11 January 2005, http://pg.china-‐‑embassy.org/eng/xwdt/t179090.htm.

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Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, “中国驻巴布亚新几内

亚大使魏瑞兴出席我援建的莱城水产品加工厂开工仪式,” 4 April 2007, http://pg.china-‐‑embassy.org/chn/xwdt/t309559.htm. Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, “Chinese Ambassador Makes Donation to NCD Government of PNG,” 19 August 2011, http://pg.china-‐‑embassy.org/eng/xwdt/t849942.htm. Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, “China and Papua New Guinea Sign Agreement on the Assignment of the 7th Chinese Medical Team to PNG,” 23 May 2014, http://pg.china-‐‑embassy.org/eng/xwdt/t1159067.htm. Government of Papua New Guinea, Department of Treasury, National Budget 2006, (Port Moresby, Department of Treasury). Government of Papua New Guinea, Department of Treasury, National Budget 2007, (Port Moresby, Department of Treasury). Government of Papua New Guinea, Department of Treasury, National Budget 2008, (Port Moresby, Department of Treasury). Government of Papua New Guinea, Department of Treasury, National Budget 2009, (Port Moresby, Department of Treasury). Government of Papua New Guinea, Department of Treasury, National Budget 2010, (Port Moresby, Department of Treasury). Government of Papua New Guinea, Department of Treasury, National Budget 2011, (Port Moresby, Department of Treasury). Government of Papua New Guinea, Department of Treasury, National Budget 2012, (Port Moresby, Department of Treasury). Government of Papua New Guinea, Department of Treasury, National Budget 2013, (Port Moresby, Department of Treasury). Government of Papua New Guinea, Department of Treasury, National Budget 2014, (Port Moresby, Department of Treasury). Government of Papua New Guinea, Department of Treasury, Treasury and Finance – Public Debt Charges, (Port Moresby, Department of Treasury, 2014). Government of Papua New Guinea, Department of National Planning, Public Investment Program 2014-‐‑2018, (Port Moresby, Department of National Planning, 2014).

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Government of Papua New Guinea, Department of National Planning, Public Investment Program 2015-‐‑2019, (Port Moresby, Department of National Planning, 2015). Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, “援巴新乡村诊所项目举行交接

仪式,” 4 May 2010, http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/i/jyjl/l/201005/20100506896724.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, “中国驻巴布亚新几内亚大

使魏瑞兴代表中国政府向巴新政府捐赠抗疟药品,” 5 June 2007, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_chn/gjhdq_603914/gj_603916/dyz_608952/1206_608978/1206x2_608998/t443691.shtml Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, “中国驻巴布亚新几内亚大

使魏瑞兴代表中国政府向巴新政府捐赠医疗药品和器械,” 22 August 2007, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_chn/gjhdq_603914/gj_603916/dyz_608952/1206_608978/1206x2_608998/t434350.shtml. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, “中国驻巴布亚新几内亚大

使魏瑞兴出席我援建的总督府修缮与扩建项目竣工交接仪式,” 22 February 2008, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_chn/gjhdq_603914/gj_603916/dyz_608952/1206_608978/1206x2_608998/t431999.shtml Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, “中国驻巴布亚新几内亚大

使魏瑞兴与巴新国家计划部长廷斯坦签署并互换中国政府援建项目交接证书,” 5 March 2008, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_chn/gjhdq_603914/gj_603916/dyz_608952/1206_608978/1206x2_608998/t442592.shtml Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, “驻巴布亚新几内亚大使魏

瑞兴夫妇出席陶洛马军医院改扩建工程开工典礼,” 15 June 2008, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_chn/gjhdq_603914/gj_603916/dyz_608952/1206_608978/1206x2_608998/t488831.shtml Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, “驻巴布亚新几内亚大使仇

伯华在庆祝中华人民共和国成立62周年暨中巴新建交35周年招待会上的讲话,” 7 October 2011, http://www.mfa.gov.cn/mfa_chn/dszlsjt_602260/t865395.shtml. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, “驻巴布亚新几内亚使馆临

时代办汤瑛出席社区学院信息技术设备启动仪式,” 25 May 2012, http://www.mfa.gov.cn/chn//gxh/tyb/zwbd/gzhd/t935234.htm.

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Websites China International Contractors Association, “江西国际公司中标中国援巴布亚新几内

亚国际会议中心项目,”12 January 2012, http://www.chinca.org/cms/html/main/col299/2012-‐‑05/30/20120530011945593226768_1.html. China Jiangxi Corporation for International Economic and Technical Cooperation, “公司

承建的援巴布亚新几内亚国际会议中心项目正式开工,” 9 November 2012, http://www.cjic.cn/news/2012119/n6231858.html. Hubei International Agricultural Cooperation, “农业厅外经中心派员赴巴布亚新几内亚,” 30 July 2013, http://www.hbafc.org/html/gztd/2013-‐‑07-‐‑30/639.html. Hubei Provincial Agricultural Office, “援巴布亚新几内亚农业项目组在巴新哈根市旱稻试

种获得成功 ,” 10 August 2010, http://www.hbagri.gov.cn/tabid/64/InfoID/7576/frtid/258/Default.aspx. Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, “China-‐‑Papua New Guinea the Developing Relationship,” “中国-巴布亚新几内亚：发展中的两国关系,” A 30-‐‑year history: Exhibition on China’s Opening Up, http://kaifangzhansb.mofcom.gov.cn/huigu/exhibition/show_5.jsp?place=&fenqu=&stat=611. Journal articles Philip Gibbs, Lorraine Basse and Thomas Warr, “PMIZ -‐‑ Promise and Plight,” Contemporary PNG Studies: DWU Research Journal 16, (2012). Graeme Smith, “Nupela Masta? Local and Expatriate Labour in a Chinese-‐‑Run Nickel Mine in Papua New Guinea,” Asian Studies Review 37, no. 2 (2013): 178-‐‑195 News articles “Agreement Signed for $US53 Million Integrated Government Information System in PNG,” PNG Post Courier, 8 September 2010. “Chinese Firm to Build $79 Million PNG ‘Fishing Zone’,” PNG Post Courier, 30 September 2010. “Chinese Government Helps to Contain Cholera in PNG,” The National, 23 December 2010, http://www.pina.com.fj/?p=pacnews&m=read&o=10198501384d129ac50dfec49172d4.

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Freddy Mou, “EXIM Bank Lifts Suspension on PMIZ Loan,” PNG Loop, 15 September 2014, http://www.pngloop.com/2014/09/15/exim-‐‑bank-‐‑lifts-‐‑suspension-‐‑pmiz-‐‑loan/. “Huawei to Build Information System,” PNG Post Courier, 24 October 2011. Joy Kisselpar, “Ialibu-‐‑Pangia Uni to Enroll in 2017,” PNG Loop, 30 January 2015, http://www.pngloop.com/2015/01/30/ialibu-‐‑pangia-‐‑uni-‐‑enroll-‐‑2017/. “PNG, China Sign Technical Cooperation,” Pacific Islands News Association, 5 October 2012, http://www.pina.com.fj/?p=pacnews&m=read&o=52026899506e5f5a7072b723df6d9b. “PNG’s Duke of York Islands to Test Wind Energy,” The National, 28 November 2006, http://pidp.eastwestcenter.org/pireport/2006/November/11-‐‑30-‐‑13.htm. “PNG Government Enters into Million Dollar Loans,” PNG Post Courier, 30 March 2011. “PNG Higher Education Looks to Improve Tertiary Intake,” Radio New Zealand International, 14 October 2014, http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/programmes/datelinepacific/audio/20153253/png-‐‑higher-‐‑education-‐‑looks-‐‑to-‐‑improve-‐‑tertiary-‐‑intake. “PNG to Build 'ʹWestern Pacific University'ʹ In Ialibu,” The National, 17 December 2013, http://news.pngfacts.com/2013/12/png-‐‑to-‐‑build-‐‑western-‐‑pacific-‐‑university.html. Blogs “Chinese Pay for Troop Carriers to Guard Mines in PNG,” Papua New Guinea Mine Watch (blog), 26 February 2013, https://ramumine.wordpress.com/2013/02/26/chinese-‐‑pay-‐‑for-‐‑troop-‐‑carriers-‐‑to-‐‑guard-‐‑mines-‐‑in-‐‑png/. “Positive Impact by Chinese Experts at Agriculture College,” Malum Nalu (blog), 27 April 2010, http://malumnalu.blogspot.com.au/2010/04/positive-‐‑impact-‐‑by-‐‑chinese-‐‑experts-‐‑at.html. Seniorl Anzu “Wheat Potential for PNG Farmers,” PNG-‐‑AGRINEWS (blog), 27 October 2011, https://pngagrinews.wordpress.com/2011/10/27/wheat-‐‑potential-‐‑in-‐‑png/. Speeches Qiu Bohua, “Remarks by H. E. Chinese Ambassador Mr.Qiu Bohua at the Opening of Stage 1 and Groundbreaking Ceremony for Stages 2-‐‑4 Students Dormitories project of University of Goroka,” (speech, University of Goroka, Goroka, 8 July 2011).

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SAMOA Government documents and other official statements The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Samoa, “中国政府向萨摩亚政府赠送两辆皮卡 ,” 20 January 2007, http://ws.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/200701/20070104293558.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Samoa, “中萨签署萨摩亚青年妇女活动中心维修扩建项目设计合同,” 26 December 2007, http://ws.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/200712/20071205304887.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China, “我援萨摩亚瓦伊特莱小学维修项目举行交接仪式 ,” 16 April 2010, http://ws.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201004/20100406871485.shtml. Government of Samoa, Legislative Assembly of Samoa, “Approved Estimates of Receipts and Payments of the Government of Samoa for the Year Ending 30 June 2009,” in Parliamentary Paper 2008-‐‑2009 No. 2, (Apia, Legislative Assembly of Samoa). Government of Samoa, Legislative Assembly of Samoa, “Approved 2009-‐‑2010 Second Supplementary Estimates of Receipts and Payments of the Government of Samoa for the Year Ending 30 June 2010,” in Parliamentary Paper 2009-‐‑2010 No. 1, (Apia, Legislative Assembly of Samoa). Government of Samoa, Legislative Assembly of Samoa, “Approved Estimates of Receipts and Payments of the Government of Samoa for the Year Ending 30 June 2010,” in Parliamentary Paper 2009-‐‑2010 No. 2, (Apia, Legislative Assembly of Samoa). Government of Samoa, Legislative Assembly of Samoa, “Approved 2009-‐‑2010 First Supplementary Estimates of Receipts and Payments of the Government of Samoa for the Year Ending 30 June 2010,” in Parliamentary Paper 2009-‐‑2010 No. 88, (Apia, Legislative Assembly of Samoa). Government of Samoa, Legislative Assembly of Samoa, “Approved Estimates of Receipts and Payments of the Government of Samoa for the Year Ending 30 June 2011,” in Parliamentary Paper 2010-‐‑2011 No. 2, (Apia, Legislative Assembly of Samoa). Government of Samoa, Legislative Assembly of Samoa, “Approved 2011-‐‑2012 Second Supplementary Estimates of Receipts and Payments of the Government of Samoa for the Year Ending 30 June 2012,” in Parliamentary Paper 2011-‐‑2012 No. 1, (Apia, Legislative Assembly of Samoa).

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Government of Samoa, Legislative Assembly of Samoa, “Approved Estimates of Receipts and Payments of the Government of Samoa for the Year Ending 30 June 2012,” in Parliamentary Paper 2011-‐‑2012 No. 2, (Apia, Legislative Assembly of Samoa). Government of Samoa, Legislative Assembly of Samoa, “Approved 2011-‐‑2012 First Supplementary Estimates of Receipts and Payments of the Government of Samoa for the Year Ending 30 June 2012,” in Parliamentary Paper 2011-‐‑2012 No. 82, (Apia, Legislative Assembly of Samoa). Government of Samoa, Legislative Assembly of Samoa, “Approved Estimates of Receipts and Payments of the Government of Samoa for the Year Ending 30 June 2013,” in Parliamentary Paper 2012-‐‑2013 No. 2, (Apia, Legislative Assembly of Samoa). Government of Samoa, Legislative Assembly of Samoa, “Approved 2012-‐‑2013 Second Supplementary Estimates of Receipts and Payments of the Government of Samoa for the Year Ending 30 June 2013,” in Parliamentary Paper 2012-‐‑2013 No. 8, (Apia, Legislative Assembly of Samoa). Government of Samoa, Legislative Assembly of Samoa, “Approved 2012-‐‑2013 First Supplementary Estimates of Receipts and Payments of the Government of Samoa for the Year Ending 30 June 2013,” in Parliamentary Paper 2012-‐‑2013 No. 60, (Apia, Legislative Assembly of Samoa). Government of Samoa, Legislative Assembly of Samoa, “Approved Estimates of Receipts and Payments of the Government of Samoa for the Financial Year Ending 30 June 2014,” in Parliamentary Paper 2013-‐‑2014 No. 2, (Apia, Legislative Assembly of Samoa). Government of Samoa, Legislative Assembly of Samoa, “Approved 2013-‐‑2014 First Supplementary Estimates of Receipts and Payments of the Government of Samoa for the Year Ending 30 June 2014,” in Parliamentary Paper 2013-‐‑2014 No. 54, (Apia, Legislative Assembly of Samoa). Government of Samoa, Ministry of Finance, Partnerships for Development (Apia, Ministry of Finance, 2008). Government of Samoa, Ministry of Finance, Quarterly Public Debt Bulletin: March Quarter 2013 (Apia, Ministry of Finance, Aid Coordination and Debt Management Division, 2013). Government of Samoa, Ministry of Finance, Quarterly Public Debt Bulletin: June Quarter 2014 (Apia, Ministry of Finance, Aid Coordination and Debt Management Division, 2013).

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Government of Samoa, Ministry of Justice and Courts Administration, Justice for a Safe Samoa: Annual Report 2009-‐‑2010, (Apia, Ministry of Justice and Courts Administration, 30 June 2011). Government of Samoa, Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure, Electric Power Corporation: Annual Report 2009-‐‑2010, Annual Report, 2010, http://www.parliament.gov.ws/new/wp-‐‑content/uploads//05.Annual%20Reports/EPC/EPC-‐‑Annual-‐‑Report-‐‑2009-‐‑2010.pdf. Government of Samoa, Public Service Commission, Annual Report: July 2008-‐‑June 2010, Annual Report, 2010, http://www.psc.gov.ws/Publications/Reports/Annual%20Report%2008-‐‑10%20-‐‑%20final.pdf. Government of Samoa, “Samoa Country Report,” in Evaluation of the Paris Declaration on aid effectiveness and the Accra Agenda for Action, (Apia, Government of Samoa, 28 December 2010). Government of Samoa, “Tsunami: Samoa, 29 September, 2009,” 2010, http://www.preventionweb.net/files/27077_tsunamipublication2wfblanks.pdf. Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, “我对萨优惠贷款政府综合办公

楼及国际会议中心项目举行开工仪式,” 28 January 2010, http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/i/jyjl/l/201001/20100106766743.html. Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, “我援萨摩亚医疗中心二期工程

举行竣工移交庆典,” 22 December 2014, http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/i/jyjl/l/201412/20141200841120.shtml. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, “驻萨摩亚大使马崇仁出席

中国援助萨摩亚青年妇女活动中心扩建项目交接仪式,” 23 June 2010, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_chn/gjhdq_603914/gj_603916/dyz_608952/1206_609428/1206x2_609448/t710989.shtml. Samoa Law and Justice Sector, “Law and Justice Sector Plan 2008-‐‑2012,” http://www.samoaljs.ws/english/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=87:law-‐‑a-‐‑justice-‐‑sector-‐‑plan-‐‑2008-‐‑2012&Itemid=78 Websites Beijing Chun Hong Kong International Business Consulting Co. Ltd., “萨摩亚中国政府援

建项目 ,” 24 October 2014, http://www.gongsizhuce168.com/ws/598.html.

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“China Funds SAT$3.3 Million Development Package for Samoa,” Eventpolynesia.com, 4 August 2006, http://www.eventpolynesia.com/news&info/samoa/galleryarchive/SA2_page_gal30jul06.htm. Hunan Construction Engineering Group, “总公司海外公司又中1.24亿援建项目,” 24 October 2013, http://www.chceg.com/readnews.asp?newsid=4188&bigclassid=9&smallclassid=35&specialid=0. Hunan Industrial Equipment Installation Co., Ltd, 援萨摩亚项目海洋学院1#、2#楼封 21 October 2014, http://www.hnaz.com.cn/index.php/read/index/id/529. Hunan Industrial Equipment Installation Co., Ltd, “董事长周慧一行在援萨摩亚项目检查

指导,” 21 January 2015, http://www.hnaz.com.cn/Home/read/index/id/593. Shanghai Construction Group, “援萨摩亚青年妇女活动中心维修扩建项目举行交接仪,”

28 June 2010, http://www.scg.com.cn/news_detail-‐‑1835.html. Shanghai Construction Group, “萨摩亚教育部和马塔乌图小学校长致信感谢上海建工,” 13 April 2012, http://www.scg.com.cn/news_detail-‐‑1011.html. Shanghai Construction Group, “集团承建的萨摩亚国家医疗中心二期竣工移交,” 30 December 2014, http://www.scg.com.cn/news_detail-‐‑4386.html. Siumu, Upolu, Samoa Facebook page, https://www.facebook.com/SiumuUpolu. Qingjian Group Co. Ltd., “援萨摩亚小学工程钢屋架设计及材料供应招标公告,” 16 February 2009, http://www.cnqc.com/tderShow.asp?f=863. Reports Mirei Isaka, Linus Mofor and Herb Wade, “Samoa,” in Pacific Lighthouses: Renewable Energy Opportunities and Challenges in the Pacific Islands Region (International Renewable Energy Agency, 2013), http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/Samoa.pdf. News articles Alan Ah Mu, “Government launches the National Broadband Highway,” Talamua Media and Publications, 11 April 2013, http://www.talamua.com/government-‐‑launches-‐‑the-‐‑national-‐‑broadband-‐‑highway/.

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“Ambassador Li Yanduan Takes Reins as China Raises the Bar on Aid,” Samoa Observer, 5 January 2014, http://www.samoaobserver.ws/other/agriculture/8737-‐‑ambassador-‐‑li-‐‑yanduan-‐‑takes-‐‑reins-‐‑as-‐‑china-‐‑raises-‐‑the-‐‑bar-‐‑on-‐‑aid. “China Donates Cars and Buses to Samoa,” Radio New Zealand International, 2 May 2014, http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-‐‑news/243195/china-‐‑donates-‐‑cars-‐‑and-‐‑buses-‐‑to-‐‑samoa. “China Loan Funds New Samoan Primary School,” Radio New Zealand International, 31 October 2007, http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-‐‑news/173641/china-‐‑loan-‐‑funds-‐‑new-‐‑samoan-‐‑primary-‐‑school. “China Provides Samoa with Cat Scan Machine,” Tahitipresse, 3 August 2006, http://pidp.eastwestcenter.org/pireport/2006/August/08-‐‑04-‐‑12.htm. “Chinese Ambassador Describes China-‐‑Samoa Ties as Friendly Partnership,” Xinhua, 10 April 2011, http://english.cri.cn/6909/2011/04/10/2021s631192.htm. Deidre Taotua Fanene, “China Donates New Toyota Truck,” Samoa Observer, 16 April 2014, http://www.samoaobserver.ws/other/community/9983-‐‑china-‐‑donates-‐‑new-‐‑toyota-‐‑truck. Deidre Taotua Fanene, “Ground Broken for New $12m Disability School,” Samoa Observer, 11 May 2014, http://www.samoaobserver.ws/home/headlines/10164-‐‑ground-‐‑broken-‐‑for-‐‑new-‐‑12m-‐‑disability-‐‑school. Deidre Taotua Fanene, “Minister Le Mamea Hails New Beginning,” Samoa Observer, 27 September 2014, http://www.samoaobserver.ws/home/headlines/11730-‐‑minister-‐‑le-‐‑mamea-‐‑hails-‐‑new-‐‑beginning. “Falevao gets $5 Million Building from China,” Samoa Observer, 2 November 2013, http://www.samoaobserver.ws/other/aid-‐‑n-‐‑support/7814-‐‑falevao-‐‑gets-‐‑5million-‐‑building-‐‑from-‐‑china. Ilia L. Likou, “Chinese-‐‑Funded Disability Center Takes Shape In Samoa,” Samoa Observer, 22 September 2014, http://pidp.eastwestcenter.org/pireport/2014/September/09-‐‑23-‐‑13.htm. Ilia L Likou, “Chinese Scholarships Increase,” Samoa Observer, 11 April 2014, http://www.samoaobserver.ws/education/9944-‐‑chinese-‐‑scholarships-‐‑increase. Mata’afa Keni Lesa, “Sick Samoa and our New Facilities,” Samoa Observer, 3 July 2013, http://www.samoaobserver.ws/editorial/5733-‐‑sick-‐‑samoa-‐‑and-‐‑our-‐‑new-‐‑facilities.

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“Member of Parliament’s Complex is Leaking,” Samoa Observer, 25 January 2014, http://www.samoaobserver.ws/other/government/9001-‐‑member-‐‑of-‐‑parliaments-‐‑complex-‐‑is-‐‑leaking. “Minister Defends Trip,” Samoa Observer, 16 June 2013, http://www.samoaobserver.ws/home/headlines/5431-‐‑minister-‐‑defends-‐‑trip. Nanai Laveitiga Tuiletufuga, “China Donates $15m for SID’s,” Savali News, 6 May 2014, http://www.savalinews.com/2014/05/06/china-‐‑donates-‐‑15m-‐‑for-‐‑sids/. “New Parliamentary Complex in Samoa to be Officially Opened Today,” Radio New Zealand International, 18 September 2008, http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-‐‑news/179381/new-‐‑parliamentary-‐‑complex-‐‑in-‐‑samoa-‐‑to-‐‑be-‐‑officially-‐‑opened-‐‑today. “Samoa Dedicates Phase 1 of New Hospital,” Talanei.com, 3 July 2013. “Samoa National Hospital to Get Chinese Funded X-‐‑ray Machine,” Radio New Zealand International, 8 October 2007, http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-‐‑news/173130/samoa-‐‑national-‐‑hospital-‐‑to-‐‑get-‐‑chinese-‐‑funded-‐‑x-‐‑ray-‐‑machine. Sina, “我优贷援萨摩亚政府办公楼竣工 ,” 5 November 2011, http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20111105/092710761075.shtml. Sina, “中国援助萨摩亚物资举行交接庆典,” 4 May 2014, http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20140504/064818992436.shtml. Sophie Budvietas, “More than $10m Can’t Be Acquired,” Samoa Observer, 6 April 2014, http://www.samoaobserver.ws/home/headlines/9886-‐‑more-‐‑than-‐‑10m-‐‑cant-‐‑be-‐‑acquired. Tuisugaletaua Aveau, “Samoa Broadband Boosts Communications,” Interview with Brian Abbott, Pacific Beat, Radio Australia, 4 July 2014. Tupuola Terry Tavita and Nicola Hazelmann, “China-‐‑Samoa Partnership Opens Two New Schools,” Savali News, 8 November 2013, http://www.savalinews.com/2013/11/08/china-‐‑samoa-‐‑partnership-‐‑opens-‐‑two-‐‑new-‐‑schools/. Tupuola Terry Tavita, “Chairman Jia’s visit to Samoa,” Savali News, 13 April 2011, http://www.savalinews.com/2011/04/13/chairman-‐‑jia%E2%80%99s-‐‑visit-‐‑to-‐‑samoa/. Tupuola Terry Tavita, “Hospital Opens at Vaipouli, New School for Gautavai,” Savali News, 26 March 2014, http://www.savalinews.com/2014/03/26/hospital-‐‑opens-‐‑at-‐‑vaipouli-‐‑new-‐‑school-‐‑for-‐‑gautavai/.

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Tupuola Terry Tavita, “Marine Training Center Launched at Mulinu’u,” Savali News, 23 March 2014, http://www.savalinews.com/2014/03/23/marine-‐‑training-‐‑center-‐‑launched-‐‑at-‐‑mulinuu/. Tupuola Terry Tavita, “New Health Office Opens,” Savali News, 28 July 2011, http://www.savalinews.com/2011/07/28/new-‐‑health-‐‑office-‐‑opens/. Tupuola Terry Tavita, “New Livestock Headquarters Opens at Mt Vaea,” Savali News, 6 October 2014, http://www.savalinews.com/2014/10/06/new-‐‑livestock-‐‑headquarters-‐‑opens-‐‑at-‐‑mt-‐‑vaea/. Tupuola Terry Tavita, “NUS Ocean Campus Slated for December Launch,” Savali News, 18 November 2013, http://www.savalinews.com/2013/11/18/nus-‐‑ocean-‐‑campus-‐‑slated-‐‑for-‐‑december-‐‑launch/. “$5m School for Manono from China,” Samoa Observer, 27 January 2014, http://samoaobserver.ws/other/aid-‐‑n-‐‑support/9045-‐‑5m-‐‑school-‐‑for-‐‑manono-‐‑from-‐‑china. “$70m Phase of New Hospital Opens,” Samoa Observer, 2 July 2013, http://www.samoaobserver.ws/home/headlines/5712-‐‑70m-‐‑phase-‐‑of-‐‑new-‐‑hospital-‐‑opens. Speeches Zhao Weiping, “Friendship and Cooperation Lasting Theme of China'ʹs Relations with Pacific Island Countries,” (speech, National University of Samoa, Apia, 23 August 2011). TIMOR-‐‑LESTE Government documents and official statements China International Center for Economic and Technical Exchanges, “2009年第10号招标

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Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Democratic Republic of Timor-‐‑Leste, “田大使在援东帝汶国防部和国防军司令部办公楼项目启用仪式上的讲话 ,” 3 April 2012, http://tl.chineseembassy.org/chn/3/t924040.htm. Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, Department of Foreign Assistance, “我国政府援助东帝汶5000吨大米举行交接仪式,” 29 April 2011, http://yws.mofcom.gov.cn/article/b/d/201104/20110407526465.shtml. Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, “中国援助东帝汶安检设备举行

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China Shandong International Economic and Technical Cooperation Group Ltd., “援东帝汶国防部和国防军司令部大楼,” http://www.china-‐‑csi.com.cn/yewuinfo.aspx?id=149&case=case&case=case&lei1=67&lei2=88. China Shandong International Economic and Technical Cooperation Group Ltd., “公司中标东帝汶司法部大楼项目,” http://www.china-‐‑csi.com.cn/newsinfo.aspx?id=366. “Construction of New Building for the Supreme Court of Justice, Superior Administrative, Tax, Audit Court of Timor-‐‑Leste: Request for Proposals,” Negocios Del Desarrollo, 28 May 2014, http://www.negociosdeldesarrollo.com/tenders/np-‐‑notice.do?noticeId=11037705. “USAID/Timor-‐‑Leste’s DAC Project Supports Improved Nutrition and Agricultural Development,” 20 May 2014, http://www.usaid.gov/timor-‐‑leste/program-‐‑updates/may-‐‑20-‐‑2014-‐‑dac-‐‑project-‐‑supports-‐‑improved-‐‑nutrition-‐‑and-‐‑agricultural-‐‑development. Blogs Alex Thier “Engaging China on Global Development,” USAID Impact (blog), 23 May 2014, http://blog.usaid.gov/2014/05/engaging-‐‑china-‐‑on-‐‑global-‐‑development/. Speeches Constancio Pinto, “Handover Ceremony of the Institute of Diplomatic Studies,” (speech, Institute of Diplomatic Studies, Timor-‐‑Leste, 2012), (posted on Facebook). TONGA Government documents and other official statements The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Kingdom of Tonga, “我国政府援助汤加中学重建项目破土动工

典礼隆重举行,” 9 October 2003, http://to.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/jmxw/200310/20031000133962.html. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Kingdom of Tonga, “Geological Survey for Tonga High School Phase-‐‑2 Project Finished,” 16 September 2006, http://to2.mofcom.gov.cn/article/chinanews/200609/20060903177826.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Kingdom of Tonga, “我举行援汤示范农场沼气系统点火仪式,” 3 December 2009, http://to.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/200912/20091206649864.shtml.

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The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Kingdom of Tonga, “我援汤沼气技术在汤开花结果,” 22 October 2010, http://to.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201010/20101007200753.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Kingdom of Tonga, “我援助汤加瓦尼农场第二期技术合作项目

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交仪式,” 16 December 2010, http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/i/jyjl/l/201012/20101207309319.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, “驻汤加使馆向汤议会捐赠

办公用品,” 12 May 2011, http://wcm.fmprc.gov.cn/pub/chn/gxh/wzb/zwbd/wshd/t822011.htm. Press releases AVIC International, “AVIC-‐‑International Delivers One Y-‐‑12 Aircraft to Tonga,” media release, 6 August 2013 (check date), http://www.avic-‐‑intl.cn/detail.aspx?cid=2146. Disaster Controller, Leveni ‘Aho, “Situation Report #6 from the NEMO Regarding TC Ian,” media release, 16 January 2014, http://www.mic.gov.to/tc-‐‑ian-‐‑in-‐‑haapai/nemo-‐‑situation-‐‑report/4775-‐‑situation-‐‑report-‐‑from-‐‑the-‐‑nemo-‐‑regarding-‐‑tc-‐‑ian. Embassy of the Kingdom of Tonga, Beijing, “The Official Parliamentary Visit to the People’s Republic of China,” media release, 7 December 2012, http://www.mic.gov.to/state-‐‑visits/4163-‐‑the-‐‑official-‐‑parliamentary-‐‑visit-‐‑to-‐‑the-‐‑peoples-‐‑republic-‐‑of-‐‑china.

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Government of Tonga, Ministry of Information and Communications, “PRC donation to Ashika Relief Fund,” media release, 21 August 2009, https://www.evernote.com/shard/s23/nl/2632244/d68ffa6c-‐‑e5f2-‐‑4229-‐‑8290-‐‑110c0f8d5ee5/. Government of Tonga, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Tonga Signs Agreement with PRC for Agricultural Demo Farm,” media release, 28 January 2011, http://www.mic.gov.to/aid-‐‑programs/china-‐‑aid/2089-‐‑tonga-‐‑signs-‐‑project-‐‑agreement-‐‑with-‐‑prc-‐‑for-‐‑agricultural-‐‑demo-‐‑farm. Government of Tonga, Prime Minister’s Office, “Chinese Government Hand Over Phase 3 of National Road Improvement Project,” media release, 7 March 2011, http://www.mic.gov.to/ministrydepartment/14-‐‑govt-‐‑ministries/internal-‐‑affairs/2238-‐‑chinese-‐‑government-‐‑hand-‐‑over-‐‑phase-‐‑3-‐‑of-‐‑national-‐‑road-‐‑improvement-‐‑project. Government of Tonga, Ministry of Information and Communications, “Ministry of Public Enterprises Received Motorbikes,” media release, 18 May 2011, http://www.mic.gov.to/corporatized/2543-‐‑ministry-‐‑of-‐‑public-‐‑enterprises-‐‑received-‐‑motorbikes-‐‑. Government of Tonga, Ministry of Information and Communications, “NEMO Receives New Disaster Relief Equipment from China (PRC) Aid,” media release, 8 May 2012, http://www.mic.gov.to/aid-‐‑programs/china-‐‑aid/3733-‐‑nemo-‐‑receives-‐‑new-‐‑disaster-‐‑relief-‐‑equipment-‐‑from-‐‑china-‐‑prc-‐‑aid-‐‑. Government of Tonga, Ministry of Information and Communications, “Tonga China Agro Tech Project Launches First Biogas System,” media release, 16 August 2012, http://www.mic.gov.to/aid-‐‑programs/china-‐‑aid/4021-‐‑tonga-‐‑china-‐‑agro-‐‑tech-‐‑project-‐‑launches-‐‑first-‐‑biogas-‐‑system-‐‑. Government of Tonga, Ministry of Information and Communications, “Crown Prince Tupouto’a ‘Ulukalala Officially Re-‐‑opens the Vaipua Bridge at Vava’u,” media release, 14 December 2012, http://www.mic.gov.to/news-‐‑today/press-‐‑releases/4185-‐‑officially-‐‑re-‐‑open-‐‑of-‐‑vaipua-‐‑bridge-‐‑by-‐‑the-‐‑crown-‐‑prince-‐‑tupoutoa-‐‑ulukalala-‐‑at-‐‑vavau. Government of Tonga, Prime Minister’s Office, “Government of the People'ʹs Republic of China Donates Emergency Supplies for Ha’apai,” media release, 16 January 2014, http://www.mic.gov.to/news-‐‑today/press-‐‑releases/4776-‐‑government-‐‑of-‐‑the-‐‑republic-‐‑of-‐‑china-‐‑donates-‐‑emergency-‐‑supplies-‐‑for-‐‑haapai. Government of Tonga, Prime Minister'ʹs Office “People’s Republic of China Hands-‐‑over USD $600,000 for Disaster Relief,” media release, 12 February 2014, http://www.mic.gov.to/news-‐‑today/press-‐‑releases/4839-‐‑peoples-‐‑republic-‐‑of-‐‑china-‐‑hands-‐‑over-‐‑usd-‐‑600000-‐‑for-‐‑disaster-‐‑relief-‐‑.

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Government of Tonga, Ministry of Environment and Communications “Information Department Receive New Equipment from Chinese Embassy,” media release, 12 August 2014, http://www.mic.gov.to/news-‐‑today/press-‐‑releases/5061-‐‑information-‐‑department-‐‑receive-‐‑new-‐‑equipment-‐‑from-‐‑chinese-‐‑embassy. Public Affairs Section, Embassy of the Kingdom of Tonga, Beijing, “Successful Tongan Student in the People’s Republic of China,” media release, 1 July 2013, http://www.mic.gov.to/news-‐‑today/community-‐‑based/4494-‐‑successful-‐‑tongan-‐‑student-‐‑in-‐‑the-‐‑peoples-‐‑republic-‐‑of-‐‑china. Websites Department of Commerce of Hunan Province, “湖南国际工程建设有限责任公司援汤加农

业示范项目取得成功,” 27 December 2010, http://hzc.hunancom.gov.cn/swdt/200757.htm. “The Special Events of the Chinese Medical Assisting Team in Tonga are Specially and Officially Covered by the News,” China Sinopharm International Corporation, 20 March 2012, http://www.sinopharmintl.com/nr/cont.aspx?itemid=22&id=121. News articles “Academic Queries Tonga'ʹs Plans to Use Chinese Aid to Balance its Budget,” Radio New Zealand International, 1 May 2006, http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-‐‑news/161799/academic-‐‑queries-‐‑tonga'ʹs-‐‑plans-‐‑to-‐‑use-‐‑chinese-‐‑aid-‐‑to-‐‑balance-‐‑its-‐‑budget. “Ambassador Encourages Tonga High Students to Learn Chinese Language,” Matangi Tonga, 23 May 2013, http://matangitonga.to/2013/05/23/ambassador-‐‑encourages-‐‑tonga-‐‑high-‐‑students-‐‑learn-‐‑chinese-‐‑language. “China Gives Tonga Defence 6 Million Worth of Military Equipment,” Taimi Media Network, 10 May 2011, http://www.pina.com.fj/?p=pacnews&m=read&o=7886981934dc8b726ede2ea5c93c14. “China Provides Furniture for New Tonga School,” Matangi Tonga, 7 February 2006. “Crown Prince Opens New Vaipua Bridge,” Matangi Tonga, 17 December 2012, http://matangitonga.to/2012/12/17/crown-‐‑prince-‐‑opens-‐‑new-‐‑vaipua-‐‑bridge. Finau Fonua “Real Tonga Apologizes After Y12 Brakes Failure,” Matangi Tonga, 5 January 2015, http://matangitonga.to/2015/01/05/real-‐‑tonga-‐‑apologizes-‐‑after-‐‑y12-‐‑brakes-‐‑failure. “King Opens New Vuna Wharf for Cruise Ships,” Matangi Tonga, 10 December 2012, http://matangitonga.to/2012/12/10/king-‐‑opens-‐‑new-‐‑vuna-‐‑wharf-‐‑cruise-‐‑ships.

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Liu Peng, “China Donates 2nd Aircraft to Tonga,” Xinhua, 6 August 2014, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-‐‑08/06/c_133536045.htm. “Major Upgrade Begins at Tonga’s Dateline Hotel,” Matangi Tonga, 15 May 2006. “Prince Ata Thanks China for Renovation of Kolovai'ʹs Hall,” Matangi Tonga, 28 January 2013, http://matangitonga.to/2013/01/28/prince-‐‑ata-‐‑thanks-‐‑china-‐‑renovation-‐‑kolovais-‐‑hall. Sina, “我援汤第二期农业技术合作项目举行开园仪式,” 21 June 2012, http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20120621/051112370059.shtml. Sina, “中国正式向汤加交付运12飞机将立即投入运营,” 12 August 2014, http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2014-‐‑08-‐‑12/1442795174.html. “St George Palace Construction Postponed,” Matangi Tonga, 6 January 2015, http://matangitonga.to/2015/01/06/st-‐‑george-‐‑palace-‐‑construction-‐‑postponed. Tevita Motulalo, “Chinese Hand Over New “Superhealth” Centres,” Taimi Online, 12 January 2011. “Tonga and China sign MOU for the St George Palace,” Tonga Daily News, 15 April 2014, http://www.tongadailynews.to/?p=5351. “Tonga-‐‑China Signs T$9 Million Loan Agreement for Dateline Hotel Upgrade,” Tohi News Agency, 19 June 2001. “Tonga High School Campus Welcomes Gift of New Furniture,” Matangi Tonga, 6 February 2006, http://matangitonga.to/2006/02/06/tonga-‐‑high-‐‑school-‐‑campus-‐‑welcomes-‐‑gift-‐‑new-‐‑furniture. “Tonga'ʹs New Y-‐‑12 Aircraft Arrives in Vava'ʹu,” Matangi Tonga, 5 August 2014, http://matangitonga.to/2014/08/05/tongas-‐‑new-‐‑y-‐‑12-‐‑aircraft-‐‑arrives-‐‑vavau. “Tonga Reaffirms its Relations with China,” Matangi Tonga, 2 October 2012, http://www.pina.com.fj/?p=pacnews&m=read&o=1809756156506a1631b60358285cda. “Tonga Receives New 17-‐‑Seat Aircraft from China,” Matangi Tonga, 5 August 2014, http://pidp.eastwestcenter.org/pireport/2014/August/08-‐‑06-‐‑14.htm.

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港隆重举行,” 7 March 2008, http://vu.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/200803/20080305438083.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Vanuatu, “中国援瓦努阿图礼宾车辆交付瓦方,” 21 July 2010, http://vu.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201007/20100707034273.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Vanuatu, “中国政府向瓦努阿图政府提供紧急现汇援

助,” 15 March 2011, http://vu.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201103/20110307446189.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Vanuatu, “中瓦签署第9期援瓦乒乓球教练技术合作

换文,” 11 June 2013, http://vu.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201306/20130600159318.shtml. The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Vanuatu, “驻瓦努阿图大使谢波华与瓦副总理纳塔佩

签署援瓦桑托岛和维拉港两个医疗技术合作项目换文,” 11 March 2014, http://vu.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201403/20140300513638.shtml.

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The Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Vanuatu, “谢波华大使赴机场迎接第16批援瓦努阿图

桑托岛北方医院医疗队员,” 16 September 2014, http://vu.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201409/20140900732099.shtml. Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Vanuatu, “New Year Message,” 31 December 2014, http://vu.chineseembassy.org/eng/xwdt/t1224791.htm. Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Vanuatu, “Vanuatu PM Attended the Ground-‐‑breaking Ceremony of the China Aid Rehabilitation Project of Luganville Main Wharf,” 11 February 2015, http://vu.chineseembassy.org/eng/xwdt/t1236557.htm. Government of the Republic of Vanuatu, The Supplementary Loan Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Vanuatu and the Government of the People’s Republic of China for the Construction of the Parliamentary Complex in Vanuatu with Chinese Assistance (Ratification) Act, (Port Vila, Government of the Republic of Vanuatu, 2 July 1990). Government of the Republic of Vanuatu, Official Gazette No. 15, (Port Vila, Government of the Republic of Vanuatu, 20 April 2009). Government of the Republic of Vanuatu, Official Gazette No. 16, (Port Vila, Government of the Republic of Vanuatu, 16 November 2009). Government of the Republic of Vanuatu, Department of Strategic Policy, Planning and Aid Coordination, Annual Development Report 2010, (Port Vila, Department of Strategic Policy, Planning and Aid Coordination, July 2011). Government of the Republic of Vanuatu, Ministry of Finance and Economic Management, Financial Statements of the Government of the Republic of Vanuatu for the years ending 31 December 2005, 31 December 2006, 31 December 2007, 31 December 2008, 31 December 2009, (Port Vila, Ministry of Finance and Economic Management, 2012). Government of the Republic of Vanuatu, Ministry of Finance and Economic Management, Financial Statements of the Government of the Republic of Vanuatu for the years ending 31 December 2010, (Port Vila, Ministry of Finance and Economic Management, 2012). Government of the Republic of Vanuatu, Ministry of Finance and Economic Management, Budget 2012, (Port Vila, Ministry of Finance and Economic Management). Government of the Republic of Vanuatu, Ministry of Finance and Economic Management, Budget 2013, (Port Vila, Ministry of Finance and Economic Management).

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平出席援瓦美拉尼西亚先锋集团秘书处办公楼项目交接仪式,” 1 November 2007, http://csnew.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_chn/wjdt_611265/zwbd_611281/t377080.shtml. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, “瓦努阿图总理出席运12飞

机交接仪式,” 19 December 2008, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_chn/gjhdq_603914/gj_603916/dyz_608952/1206_609602/1206x2_609622/t526896.shtml. Reserve Bank of Vanuatu, Quarterly Economic Review: September 2010, (Port Vila: Reserve Bank of Vanuatu, September 2010). Websites China National Agricultural Development Group Company Ltd., “中瓦渔业有限公司获

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“USP Emalus Campus extends enrolment to Francophone students,” Radio Vanuatu, 13 January 2009, http://www.pina.com.fj/?p=pacnews&m=read&o=1305398800496c1cd4a09b1a72d0ba. “Vanuatu Government Donates ACP-‐‑EU Buses to Schools,” Vanuatu Daily Post, 19 March 2013, http://www.pina.com.fj/?p=pacnews&m=read&o=622328255147dff3d10ba4c0de99f5. “Vanuatu'ʹs PM Inaugurates China-‐‑aided Agricultural College,” Xinhua, 28 January 2007, http://en.people.cn/200701/28/eng20070128_345446.html. “Vanuatu Seeks China Help with Port Vila Harbor,” Vanuatu Daily Post, 13 September 2010. Blogs Bob Makin, “Vanuatu Daily News Digest: World Bank on the Falling Oil Price,” Vanuatu Daily Digest (blog), 14 January 2015, https://vanuatudaily.wordpress.com/?s=China. Bob Makin, “Vanuatu Daily News Digest: 22 January 2015,” Vanuatu Daily Digest (blog), 22 January 2015, https://vanuatudaily.wordpress.com/page/2/. Speeches Cheng Shuping, “Remarks by H.E. Mr. Cheng Shuping, Ambassador of China to Vanuatu, at the reception to celebrate the 30th Anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the People'ʹs Republic of China and the Republic of Vanuatu,” (speech, Port Vila, 26 March 2012). DG, Leader of Vanuatu Delegation, “Address to Trade, Tourism and Investment Forum China-‐‑Pacific Cooperation,” (speech, Tourism and Investment Forum China-‐‑Pacific Cooperation, Xiamen, 13 October 2008) http://cpicforumenglish.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/za/200810/20081005826460.html. Wu Baofeng, “Remarks by Madam WU Baofeng, Wife of the Chinese Ambassador to Vanuatu, at the Port Vila Public Library,” (speech, Port Vila Public Library, Port Vila, 8 May 2009) http://vu.chineseembassy.org/eng/zwgx/t562011.htm. Xie Bohua, “Speech By H.E. Xie Bohua at the Reception for the Vanuatu Women Beach Volleyball,” (speech, Port Vila, 26 April 2013) http://vu.chineseembassy.org/eng/whjy/t1035453.htm.

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Xie Bohua, “Remarks by H.E. Xie Bohua, Chinese Ambassador to Vanuatu at the "ʺNight of China"ʺ-‐‑Chinese Art Show by the Chongqing Art Troupe to Vanuatu,” (speech, Warwick Le Lagon Farea Pacifik Convention Center, Port Vila, 25 August 2013) http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/zwbd_665378/t1069393.shtml.

Chinese aid in the Pacific Data & References! 2! Reference!Documents!!...

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