P O C K E T G U I D E T O

C H I N A

;.I 7 . . C O N T E N T L

mmd& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For@ Your Old Nodons lh chine= b p l e Arc WY AmukPns . What Doa "Pace" Mew? . . . . . . . Y o u r F i r a L n p ~ . . . . . . . . Chine GLlr . . . . . . . . . . . ne chinerc ~ o m c . . . . . . . . . Pmd and D d s s . . . . . . . . . . Shoppiog . . . . . . . . . . . . . Squae" . . . . . . . . . . . . A,,iwm~d~ . . . . . . . . . . . lh Counrrp . . . . . . . . . . . Chitlae Dcmmncy : : . . . . . . . C h L u a t w u . . . . . . . . . . Omnimtionof the Chinese Arms . . . .

m i r . n ~ ~ ~ ~ h ; . u c . . . . . Lirtof Most Usdul Words and . . Mdithd Wordrmd Phrprcs . . . . .

IMTmO.UCTIOM

CHINA hu bem at wu for 5 y- with her mcmy and o u r t h e Japsnuc. She hu met hepvy defenu a d won

, important v icmls . Sh ha rufiued more &a 5,mo,mo cp~ultiyi in rhDIc ysu. of wer. Yet, mdsy, the frrc people of Chba uc still fighting, dl holding s bmet m e d fa. You nnd y o u out61 have becn ordutd to China to hclp

this f lmt d y . Your job, fighting side by side with the Chinese. is to rid that m u n q of the Ja-. No Amui- can vmp nnywhw have n more im- n u i ~ c n t .

Two problem* fw yon right P W P ~ . You don't h o w the lmgungc nnd you dodt koow the pcoplc That & it hnrdcr to be a guest in China h in a m u n q like Eng- land or A d i a .

Nobady expus you to lurn lnngungc ps mmplsx as Chin- drhaugh the glossary at the end of this bmk will enable you to lenm mougb to gct dong. TO undeend 8

p p l e is uuncthing dr again. 1 1 6 taku blend of curiorig ~cpunon -, md counq. You might well adopt as your mmw arc of the m y pmvubs that ~ u i d e the Chinsr in thdrowncondYh~11 ly . . .

"When you enter a ncighbhood a& whu is forbidden; wfun you mta a m u n q ask whu the hc are:'

I c IS the purpo~ of thtr gutdc to IrU you about xmc of thcsc ~ s t o m r . It will tzke only about 20 r m o u ~ ~ to red, ~ U L bs hel~on. YOU to v l d n ~ n d WLLDl and the ChlDex , < -, people, tt can add merest m yotu stay m thur m q and help you to do a better lob for h e n u

VOIPET YOUR OLD NOTlOt4S

THERE nrc many Chlnerc Lvmg m Ammu, You prob ably h v e seen aomc of them, and from them have formed nouanr &out dl C h n ~ Perham thow YOU saw wur typal or perhaps they wcrco't. china is = hg muow, l u g r thso Euopc, half npio aa lugc ar thc Umwd Smw, rod w~th three uma 8s many pmplc as wc hrr . Tbmc you raw m Amcnca may have mmc from one d s p t 111 Chtoa-the cnry of Canton Judg~og 9 ClnM by t h e who llvc m onc mall part of the country IS llke ludgmg, all Amcr~cnos by the raldcnu of Hobokc& N. I

If yovthlnk of thc Chmssc as s yellow&ncd pplsof a mnlly d d q t i i nee from uq you pmhbly wdl never get to know &em. WL y d l l be plny~ng nght mta the hndr of W a d the Iip J E p MU harp on the mlor qvcnron Stst, &ha, .d&PUrbi?orp. She d tell thcCh~orac w h a t s k b s r k ~ ~ ~ ~ w e r U~FCPCPTI Habor-&t Ama-lmk dbwn oa nonwhte people mdndmsthhcChmese4nmerhsptobe~ledonturm

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of qurlitg by Ameriu "Why fight h r the white mm?" Jnpn din. into C h i w.

To counteract this pmpgmda you hsvc to shew the Chines that Amerkard U a t thc Chine PI we treat m y of ourdiu, md tMt wc repcathun b as humm beings m an equnlity with ounclvcs. S w thur w dit6cr-r. So what? Thue uc important sidhitiu tm. If you forget the diffuencu and think of thun u neighbors, u &e who at, deep, work, and m k II we do, ymU be o v a tbe fur1 hurdlc.

On thc manet of kno.wiog a& nhu, go" and tk Chin- rtsn men. Millions of Chiwc !sow littlc .bnu Amuicl; &om b v c never rcm an American. Yn, m y of them know us by reputation and you csn be proud of the fact hat hat repstion i god. Our Cm- unmcnr has had friendly relatiom with C h h fn mmq

yan. h i - who hnvc kcn in Chi- r n k h a r i q dato", ~ ~ ~ h c n , o&i&, and hurimsmm, have r gmd record. So the way to friendship i dl pved for you. Added m rhb is the fnn h t we are dh-a fnn in which the C h take pride. 'Ibc Pnt 9 y &odd learn to cay in China i "I am no Amwm. It is the ben pnupn you cnn have.

211s C H I w U m PIaCLI ARE LIME ANSI ICANS

OF ALL the p p l a of Asin, the Chi- are mopt like Amerbnr. l b x who know both p p l a odtar -k r the lilemses. One of the r-01, p u h p , is that we both live in rsuntriu when them is olenn of r m e snd a g r a t v u r c t y o f h t e m d f m d 6 % u c & 1 m , & cam M bnhlovs mdcpcndcncc nod m d ~ v ~ d d f s d o m An& kncss la h t we are bnb humomus pople

The C h love r , a h put nr well rs M do, and thq Lugh st the u m c son of thmg Thnr nocL jokes are the ume u o-bwt pmfarar, snd dostom and IruhmcMhe c h m e quvn*nt for thc I d bang FPIC L H- pmv- nq lrugh h u t neu, a h country h&, nod smvt city p p l e The~r ronvaasuon u frill of nu, and lndy b a r , and t h q lose slap& d, thar own and ours Lutcn to n C h m e cmwd Lugh~ng at Chrrlv Chrplm or Hnmld

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Lloyd or Laurel and Hudy and you'll think you rrs at homo.

Then, too, we are bnh pr i c . l pplcr . Thc Chine arc rhrrwd hurincamcn, genmur friends, and rheg bc- licve in having a good lime on cuth while they am dive. In the main, m do M. T h q u e b a r than we rrs, pcrhnp, at humao r+tio&ip. T h q value there sbovc all el=, and have lsrncd to get dong with p p l e through ' centuries of gctting along with mch other. 'Ihe Chinere family rysnm kccp several gcnerPdonr un&r the svnc

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I F I C

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rmf-grandpens and p e n % sons and daughters md thar fimdru, nnd thrr har taught them the art of hvmg roeethcr. In hct. coorrderauon for pn mdtv~dull's fccLneJ tr'bnc of rhc kccat Chtncsc v imcs . Thc C h i n e lovu his hamr and hir Lmily. He ir m.

tlmcntd abu t hu rhildrcn and h s old prcnu. Hc low his ewn bit of ground and his own mof, even if it ir p r , and he never fmgcts his ownpplc.

Wc are alike, alra, becam of our natural dunaratic mdcncier. T h m arc fcw dnsa distinctions in Chins, no hcrcdi~ry arirmcracy. Anybody can get anywhew if he cno pmvc h i d f nblc nnd intelligent enough. Thc Chinese have their g m t men who wnc barn in cabins, jut Y we do. Gmnlirrimo Chimg iOi.shek himaelf is the aon of pmr parents, md Sun Yat- their George Washingon, war a p r b y . Thc rich in Chin bchave like the rich anywhere cxccpr that thcy don't feel them- dvc r permanently rich. They know that p r and rich change placer quickly in the changer of democratic life. And the pmr man in China is indcpmdcnt nnd me@, He know he hu r chamcc to r k in the world.

WH1T D O U "SAC... I E 1 W

THE Chinese are r proud pcoplc and .Ira ; cmrtcmw one. Thir menus that they consider it impmntnot to hut ,

anyone's feclmga md they wlll rppmclnte mnmdernuon of thu. own feclmgr Thar 1s wmimes ullcd "bce," wlush simply munr wlf rerpm Thcre a h u t rr much of a tn oncmuntry u mother, bur the C b n e p y moremenuon to pee-mg * than we do They do not u ~ u c l u each other as frnnkly as we do, nnd them are c c m ruler of courtesy, pruculsrly m the old, from the young Old p ple m Chm are hrghly mspectcd, even revered, and then d v r a udued lack of m p m to thc old 1s thusfore a sgn of bad m

Don't worry abut "fad and mmpl#cated mumsy. Smply be nn Amerum, m the best unw The Ch- don't c x p n you to h o w dl thev ways of polrre hhsv- ,our 'Ihcy anll nor thmk less of you d you bruk n rule or two d they are conv~nccd you wtsh to respect them and to ba frrcndly w~ th them

"DU" .l"*T 11....**10*.

YOUR first mpmslon wdl depend u p where you ar nvc The Chxncw pmple vary w~dcly In thc Iwh rhs people are trill nnd hnndmmc In msdChma they are o' average hught and m the south they are rho* nnd a d y

h r m g your tour of duty you w~ll wc r , t - g towns, an' mvntrys~de Chrouc c~t~es am of two lunda t h e whld L v e been moduntzcd and thos whach m m n ar tha

arc Sbrogha. Tsnrun, Nankmng, Hon$kong, Cpnroo, H.nkow, Pcmptng-now, tcmparanly, rll 30 J ~ p ~ a e !.."A* .--. Fn the Chlnclc clclcr 01 mwns whue you arc -t I~kcly

m k at %rr, you wrll be ,mp-ed by thrc. thtngr rhnt the srrrctr arc narrow, that thq u c duty, and rhnt lheg am crowded. Chrncrc cxm and rowns r e old - a d they w e bvtlr not for automobdo but for wdrn chun and wheclbanrrwr nnd-vanr of donkepnnd fm pcdnvlaas

The gum= are defect%, ~f there u e sny gutters, and popk often threw water and prhge out of thnr doon ~adcrn &mere cmeh of c o w , have wsde r t m r md . gml w c r s but we arc $pcaktng of the phar you wall probably ree mon often

You rmg be ~hacked, at fim,m see how dapcrpetcly pms men C h e w arr Thcu houm 2nd then doth~ng wnn duty and d m p There arc ma&, and k b r n e n dog* that you had but k e p avly from Yao d l we human stray& tm, bcggm of the most r ~ m a f u l ant Donot grvc q t h m g to thcm or you MLI be bsgd And aowadagr - -thue wrll be other+dugces and homdcsr pmr and war

' wounded For Chma her suffered tcmbly. S k was, k

t fore the war, ~ o l y luat begxnnzng to have modern dactorr apd hwp~talr nod o m War came before shc a d d get

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rndy and Chuu'a wounded today he mu ted m the d l o n s What you can do to hdp them must he left to you In pncral rt 19 best IO gtve moncy only prwa~ly, or through some &ahlc orguuutlon, such nr the Ungtcd Chon Rdrcf

After a nme, hawsvcr, you WLU dramvu that Ch- -u and workmen am dmorc never dmoraltzcd T h q kccp thew chns up, ukc what mmcs, help ach othcr out, nod live w~ th mszlng contentment nrmd the [err& rvuggtc for the hare ncarrttra of Ilk

Yodll have other rurpnwo, ua Bur t h q need rn shock you d you are ready to sdmt that people may he the same at hean whntcver thur custom Thw p a d we mothers nursmg the" habm m publss Men a d boyboys wd dtcve themrdvca wherever and whurwer nature

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d m & . Children d l ru. aboyt with nothing on at sU. Tpkc d this a. r mrvr d cow= u the Uu- do. md do nol offend their vnseof &d as* bv -s m SYFn nmct lt

Derpin rhc rtrmgcnru and the povuty you 4 very rmn enlo). mlkxng along Chew svccu m d ~ n g the rrch human Lfe p m g on around you, thc hotAImded qu.r&ng, the laughter, tbe &Id-, tbc pople argvlng over them buymg and d m g They dl q o y p u m. A crowd Wdl vuy hkdp f0l loW YOU P SUm at YOU and dUeUM cvsryhmg you do They dl be a kmdlp cmwd So m p thcm gmd humacdlp and lcf rhrm come dong One dung m u n d s s m d at the beg~nnrng The Chese

thinlr we I d quccr. They rrr d m everyone hrving blxk L i r and black eysg x, m d y they thinlr ir svnngc h r paplc to hare red a bmwo a blondc hair and eya of u n h d ~ a r colon. A h arc arc biggn.boncd rhnn the avcme Chm- and hirim. As a mner of fm. rbe ~h& have an anaunt Mlcf that the L u l u popk m, thc more unc~vrltzd they ue Bcrnur of w aomarmsc. sou'U be a cunm~w P thc C h . and. , .. .. p u h p , 1 rourcc of amuwmcnt. If you mkc hat m gmd p~ m d - g ~ buk nr thm, they'll lie you.

You'll ror Im of nrkshu, fmkina iwt l i e they d ~ d in the movies u home, and you'U r&n be ndmg in inone.

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The tough, 1- caaliu who pull them are to be -red dwayr with rupccr for what they are in Chi= life and the waging of this war. They are the +ghr carriers, the builden d the Bumr Road, the gvvrilla fight- th& ammncbr never filled, their bdin nothing bur bone and muode.

When you sit behind one of them in r ricksha, mnridu what he is a d haw you u n help him. He will not appreciate it if you d k instead of hiring him, for he depends on his job to feed his M y . Bur he wdl =pprCEi.tc you1 aiming forward when he g a r uphill, IcPning badi when he g a s down, and at other &J rining with ywr weight in the middle of ths vchiclc.

As you wdk dong the *meel, the work- ing man will appreciate it if you do not rtep over r carrying pole laid in the ~usa

for a moment's rcrt, or the l owed shafts of a ricLrha or Mdno chair, beuvrc this ir rupporcd to bring had Iwk in business for n yrar.

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taw&'womcn e d&e-t Lorn ours m Amerru C h e Wmm m romc ways are more free than they

re here m Amum- tha t IS, t h do some thmp whcb mericm womcn don't yet do They arc m the Army, .a mscsn+, and they fight atde by rrde wlth the guer

, rrllrr Wit m thnr relnuoor wtth men they haven't the r a m frccdbm .a womco have m Amenca Thas sm Chlllere er lr m cab- and pkeu of am-

meat dlur may be used to frcc lod uq wngs Bur the avuag~'L%new grrl wrll h insulted d you much her,

k c you morc mourly h n you probably want aa A msrake m this may c a m r la of tmvble

TME SBlNCSC HONE

you w l get to know Iomc Chmss~uffic~mdy & nd that he wdl want to lnvlte you ro hs home. ppens, you m y tnkc lt as 1 gruf mmplmmt, for

rtrsularly of the hner e d u u t d s l aw ,do na

surc Only lnumate fncndr go to csch othu's

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If your f m d u welltodo, hnr h o w wdl +bIy be a w r o u d d by r hsgh v d l with r angle gnn. You d bc I d &much n mun to r b,e mom w h d 1% the m.na mom of the ho&. Thc general &anganmt d lhr huniw in mcb a mn. is a l w p lhr r.- long 4 table is set against the d l facing the door, u you en-. Upon th ia d c are ommenu, r p i r of cpndlc~ti'cks, a d m urn for henu. Bawccn the candles hangs a fine mII or P pintt mg, or a famtly warm of same son. In frwt of lhr long table js r square tiblc, and on athu nde of thu no arm- c h i . Tllhconcoo the nghr as youcanr s& nu of homol. Do nor nr ~n t h i s votd you P R ~ p r d to do so, as you d bc nuacd s l o v vou sm the -sr The nen mar imrm. e4 mnon thc rut n c L thc U ~ I C and hthc &s on ci;hcr ride d m a i l ~ b l u dong the &is gmw Lrs him portant as they rppmach the dmr. In gemmi, what is in ' numost in the mom or tk buy is most hpomnt

Ncxt+your Baot will pow yon P bowl of I==. Hmhnnds it to you with both h n b a d p u must I& it with bmh hands, saying "Hsieh-hrW or 'thwk you:' ?hen you m y xt it down. Swccmrcsu, if ofiercd, should be cam sparingly and d w a p have n lialc lefq to shew you have hnd m~re than you un u t .

Thveahcr follow your hoar's lad . If he h modem pnd <mnl, p u m y b c ~ m d . I£ kc ir d d b , U

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,nd *the, *I?, then thc qmacr p u ur, thc he-. You rpondmu~pwaUg b u t d 0 1 1 ' t ~ o n e ~ e a e s e a p U y , for then mumrg qw your host m gure a m you. A b o v e & m s h n u e l ~ k e ~ ~ y o u r h o u l d ~ ~ ~ m m a c e any wcmm. To do ro arruld be m inrult her. If there ir a mdcm aster who u brought in and mnoduced, be very f o r d mdecd-t l a uoul p a M P veq old k m d a d Lnav what am about nnd what the p p l c rn the h e w are&

You m y even be mv~ted m n feaa, prabably in a -want tor s had. If w, tt n wuc m a t only w l u . Amnwhatmld f.4 u ~ u t on vour DISO but do not eat ~ t . ~ t u h a n ~ + ~ ~ r n h ~ W t m e a t = t ~ ~ u s fem.BUd~mclewdlbe-yhotduhersogmdthpt you -ot keep fmmmung them. If you have chopudu, & ~ h m t h o a t o h d d ~ . 3 I c d c n ~ o y w d u n g PO.

I f t h c h r r s ~ ~ m t h c n c e d 1 n o t r n m c o n 1 m d thc md mth four rubstzntlnl dvhsr d m a t and - e b b to go mth rt- cvm nr ?be d e s m d be a s~etd lrbandanl lbedmthcrmddleof themal . Ths wup m y mme w d r the end Afterwards thue d l be u&o of h t and nu6 m mt w ~ t h thc tea you wflchk. Your dunces of mjoy~ng such 1 h t ur not ugmdartbsywere~thewar ,o fmyry .

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ioom rwo m n m u r THE C b c p .re b o w d s . lo fm 9lW + i , , . & & t h n t , , " m o l u e g m t 6 e w o r L ~ ~ & he-w*i the C b c p as- a n

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If you wnnr * gwd -1 la r Chinae nruvrnor. uke roar buddm mth you. It u bt w go o f n n than BUT 1. number, the rule bang w ordcr the number of

of murre, c o w wnth the meal You wlll drmk only w- and tea-mdk la not a pmduct n m n l w C b and rr h d only m u t o d y , m ~ m p m d c a w Do nor dnnk a fmh anywhere uccp m homu you know And dn4 no mld w- wnlerr rr har 6ren boded firs: WIM drnnklng nr inuch enjoyed m Wuna and p p l c

dnnk n gmd deal but ncvly dwayr w~ th the" meals Tbae u scldom any drunkenness bccrvw a 18 a atgn of ow brcedmg to be drunk Wzoc rr frequently w e d hot n m y bowls If ~t ~r ShPobing wtne you can rafelp d d

a g o d many mall bowls of a But d a a ffiollnng m e , er any of the Cvlwn wsnq then be careful--they are h w y dr& Them arc many ng that the Chmae play whlL

tbcg drmk, guarrng gnmn and bcttmg ng, and rhc

n e w "Bntomr up!" You m y have an opprmnlty w u r n m c of them.

Whu- you go m the u u u p u l l h d rma.srde markets wrth dl kmdr of vcgembln and h u and rwcm If n u summer, them wlll bs plenty of &cs mq md those

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d

*AAW BAY

1amUy "* 1* c.p" a "BMau Up"

Bia you must vurt very ~riwrly indcod. Theg u. na the mmpantivdy innmnt Amaicnn variety. Sin- China is m old a d populous munuy, g u m s as well rs p p L have Bourishcd there for centuries. Thc mult of this b thrt C h i c h v c dcvcloped either nn immunity to mnng of the d ' i thrt kill the white man ao wily, or rhe

die nnd the strong rurviuc. You should thenfore Mlow one simple rulceat nothing that b not ro ha that you h o w it ir only m t l y off the fuc. Do not yield m the temptation of a fruit that cvlan be d e d =cot b d o r e y n u e ~ . It b h n e r o o t c v e m m ~ r n o n - ril-knife, Ehoptickr, ctc.-thr hnr not been sdded with boiling water. Avoid rwacr nnd cakes. Wash ynu h d s with soap md water bcfom you cat And t&e care MI m u p yourself to mquim bite.

I0

S"..CI*.

YOU may want to buy mething m take home m thc girl friend. It is customary for the rhopkccpcr to ask ma. sidcrobly more than aa a ~ d c is worth. If you p y what is srkcd he will not mpcu you far it. If you argue him down tm much, be would prdcr not to XU m YOU at dl. If you p y about half m twwhiids what he arks, he will sdmk you a d enjoy the t m c t i o n . But above all Lccp gmd humored rhmughout. In China it is r rign of bad breeding m grow heated over z purchaac whether it is made succcarfully or not.

If yo* have larncd the Chinere coinag. you will not need lmpgc-you c ~ o dmply pur down your money bit by bit. Do not put down at first what p u arc willing m py, but ks, n, that you c a n have something m canpro mire with and mmc up r lid- as to make the shop Leepr fccl p u are willing ro m a hi halfway. He wiU &n mme dmvn a littlc m rnm you until p u arrive at an a-cnl. Thw you pm g m l friends. And frsco&hip is the m m important lhmg ~n lob tor Chin-he n l u u the kindl. ocmn much even more than he dou 1 ~ m d --, - - ~ - harmin. Price. due to the cumnr C h i n e infLrioe am - - ~

ad;; m n i i you, prticularly thc price of gmdb i& paned fmm abroad. In 5 yars, C W r mn of living in& has w e d fmm loo to 34" and is dl soaring.

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AtthctimcthkbaoLwaswrittsn,dolnnicbnndrof s i ~ h d ~ f i D m 8 m n ~ p r ~ 0 f 1 0 m $ m . Amu*nncigumeahadgoncfiDm+omntsapkto b. Thmughout C h b you m y find d i n g at $mapou"4&rt$~50apou"d,bmd*S5alolf , d i m at ho n d o n . Therc ~rica & to Chinese &I- ihn. Thc &d~&nec & is to Chinere dollars for r A m u i dollar, but iurchasiig powu is romcthing clre again. At the end of IW, the purchsring power of theChinered&was~bautequ . lmthraqu~nofn U. S. cent.

An uphation of Chin- curmcy is given mpgc 45.

~..aU.UE'.

YOU have pmhably heard a god deal about rbc " q s e z s ' rsnrm in China. It is there PI it is in evuv cmmw in rhe &rl4 but the China+ b;ii imtmdy &cd~pop!q have recognized this h u m trndeocy m Plie s ''rqucsrc." or r rommissioo. znd mmidsr it Icaitimrte. That is, you m w apt anybody who d m buy* for you, however large or d, m add 5 or lo pucmt m the price fm W . l f h c u k a m m o r s t h n n ~ o p u c m b h e l w i t b l , the Chines law, a LPIt the hw of ernq-o ld mmmr. O n . . o n e r m p s t h k ~ . m m , P g o d ~ o f h m ~ b e

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a ~ d c d . The ~ c - p ~ n t sq- a h mnplri why w. v m rm dord m work for rvch low wage for you.

Speaking of urvsnu, you will hod that you us very frequently dependent on tbcm in C h . M m forrignu. and marly all Chimrc, except the pmr, have servants, and they nrc rcdy more than m a n u . They PIC busioua m a - ssrs md general d e c r of your way. A gmd "boy" not only will we that you are fed and mmfartnblc, your cloths de?n and in order, yovr shoe shined and your mamr nut, but bc will get many things done for you wbkh you unnm do for y o d f . More than hat, he has hir own way of getting infomution you m y want. It is wirut not to ask him how he knows mething--the Chin- have wagr of grning iofomtion which have lothing m do with n e w s p a p or organized w- of nfonnatibn. Simply take what be I& yon and act upon t. Hc will nlro disseminate any infomtion n h r you which you would like @her pcnons m know wirhaut gour elling h. Pmbably, in ordcr m gain impomocc for himaelf, he will nlw s p d abmd the impmion that your ddest d c is the @dent of the Unitcd States a- ' your L t h u s d o - e , and that you uc only here China to kill Jap for your own pleuure, *nss you ar M& JhDL &if wfl dmske life e s i u for you on the stmas md your d i t bcttu st the shops.

II

It is urnally wire, in personal dealing3 with r Chincw help: or s.shot, w give h i a pmblun md Ict him b dle It in his own way. However, make run that he understands you. You will rnrely hear a Chinew say "I don't know" when you ark him r quution. Ycr" is a amck answer and this can makc for no liulc confu.ion if you don't watch out. But if you explsin -fully and prorcct his wlf-rerpt you won't have any uoublc.

I I U S C l C * T *

FOR the man pan the Chinere do nm k c the highly orgaoircd nmuremcnr p h e r to be found in American cities md towns. They love movicr, any kind of movies, aa you will discover when you wedge your wry into n crowded building. But do not c i p " comfort whcn you dona. The likelihood is that you will sit on an uncomfort- rblc h c h or folding chair and that the house will k hot in nummn and cold in winrcr. As for the pinurc, it may be myhing. It may be a Harold Lloyd you saw 15 yeara a801

Theaters arc mace numerous h o movie haws . FEW Americans really understand the Chin* t h a w but thme who do, find iu acting a aenaitivc a d matvrc m. Go at least omr i t d p m mrrwl r t the audicm. People ear hot fmd t h t b brought in by waiters crack warurndon wcdr berwccn their teeth, drink pots m d pou of tea, talk, play with their children, and catch the hot towels that arc thmwn over the hcsds of rhc uowd by towel throwers. Better not uw these towels yourself, however.

Thuc nrc tea houss everywhere, and this is the cquiua- lent of the bg l i r h public hourg only te. is drunk in- s m d d bccr and ale.

Actvdy the Chincac show, which you may enjoy k t arc the linle traveling thnrnr in the country. And there

25

are pecp shows and juggLrs and d i s t r , v r d y found in the public q- on market day.

If thue ia a m l running thmugh a nesr the m-, rhcrc will probably be plcarurc bmu m hirc, "5wer bwu" they arc d c d , and for a few en^ you cnn be poled thmugh shallow wetex studded, if it is rummu- time, with grur rmy Ion. blooms. Your stay in China will be ma& more interesting if

you develop r hubby through which you cnn r d l y I- and enjoy romc nrpcct d Chinese BL. Even in limited spare time, you may be able dcvelop a special i nmsr which will enrich fw rhe n r r of your life the mMaria , you carry home from the Orient. Chinese fricnds will enjoy introducing you to thew hubbies u much as you enjoy learning thun. For instance, if you like gvoa requiring a&, you

will Ead hours of fun in trying to mtu the whirling of a singing Dirbolo, thmwing it high in the nir md catching it on a suing; in kicking s rhuttlcmck with either ride of either fmr: or in lurning the intrhcia of Chinus boxing and swordplay, which arc rally diff i l t forms of ulirthsnin.

Chiiew chess and Chinew chcckoa are every bit u iotuesring u their Amcricnn cquivdcnu. And the rimpk p e of *%inpm3' played during dinnsn and feasts, d r

2(

for quick m&ematid inmition. If your hrndr nre nim- ble gou m y enjoy laming n r U d h.nd*rsfr. Cd- lccting aamp ar d d Chi- mins might well pmve r so- of p i i t . If you are in- in fmd you might cvcn larn m prepare q fcar & o h Chiieoe &.

You wodt get much chance m dip deeply inm Chi ' s =-old widan rr found in her ohilosooht md literam. &t you muld pick up fmm chi& Mends r ml- Imtion of pmvubr and other w k maiogs, -9 of which are Lnown to cvcv schmlbos. The mom mu do thk the more you will &derstmd.thc Chines & M ~ T md why it is that the Chin- have hdd mgnhu, under un- believably dieult conditions, during their long fight for kedom.

T M I C O U M I I V

CHINA is dividcd in pmvincu of whish t h m nrc IS- q in China proper, j in hbnchuris, rod I in C h TurLatnn. Besides this, rhc hnr -in region. that ox- m p d m ow turimy of Alaska--the specid terri- tori-utcr Mongolia md lik Chion hu la of the grates riwr in the world, the Y r o p rod h e Yellow Rivu.. H u acs -t is l ag , md ahc hu high rneunuior m the west rod s o h , d- m the north md nnonhwcn Hu cultivntsd roil is gcncmdy zicb, for the Chine are 6mou1 h e m rod have mnrerved the soil thmugh w u

n

40 cennurcr But she her cut down many of h a f o m and the famlltar lnmdwaps of Chrna has the sharply bcsu uhrl outl~ne of g n y hlls or rmky m o m t l m The climate vanes, and, dcpmdmg on whwe yov a5 you W1U find much thc m e c h a n p as you wdl m America On the whole the north m drg and dcruttlu, and the south damp and rroplul

Fnrmsn do not hve vso nlated fuM-they lave m vdlags Most of the vl l lap belong ton rmgle M y or dan Thc hours are earth walled and rusw thatched m thc n o d and bnck and tiled m the muthan part d the munq Thc general plan of Cbncu h o w e much the ramc, however, one story and wlth 6nc or more courts

F ~ l d s u c large m rhc nonh m d krmtng cucnsivc. They a* small rod farmed ~nrcnmcly xn rhc south. lhc Chlncv b v c marnratncd rhc fcnllity of thrtr farmiog land

by wastmg nothmg that L Z ~ be ured 81 fecul~m,Thq U*

human dung for h r pu-, ar some nher old sou"- m e do, and whlch explams the common odors oxght and m o m g over the fields It also cxplatos why yon must not cst vegetablu m.

You will oken come upon tcmplcs m the aticr and in the mountains. They uc mtcrcrbng placca and you wdl find auct or~cats lnvlnx there If vou khnvc m a tcm~lc, . . ar you would do lo s church at home, though you m y wrlk about ar you Lks your &vmr wdl be m order

Somerune you wdl ttc marble arches acms the -6 or ros& Thuc are munonab to great men and women M o n t l ~ ~ P furbhrl wcdow wll be so mmmsmontd by the commmtg You wdl uc pagabr, and thew arc u d l y prtr of a tunplc They have much the hesvnc mcnnrng as our church steeple You dl sc tmy ktde m p L s to snrth gods m the fidds The= are worrh~ppsd for gmd smp and gmd weather, although the Chere do not &eve these m a p are the armal go& They uc m d y symbols

You d ace b d a sometmu, and you wdl know what they are by the whte dad fi- The pmr have a d runual pmunon, only the fnrmly f d m g rhe usLcq but the nch may spend thousands of d o h s en a funeral Pnar and mourners, furmtwc and ndun a d cvcn am-

29

: ' - w ,.y7 ?$. ., *pi:;.J*gs & -'

plpnes are mndc of paper to be b d at rhc gnve ka ths

I spirit's ur in thc fume. It is but not to mor mo nur rhne pmrsioor, for a m p r is not wslcow af such rimes. Above dl, do not try to tpke @am. '

A village u r d y hza only one busin- r u m nnd hac yon will find a simple inn, iu unpainted tables undu an awning of parched hije doth. You can get n gmd bod af nmdlcr a d soup hex if you am h u n g q - a d plenty of tea. If you arc willing to waif, the inn-Lcspcr will per- haps psrmke you lome y l m h l d eggs to eat with a bowl of r k , a dish of green csbbnp, a d bEan curd rd n brown 6rh. Tbc besn curd you will not l i ic at bnt bur try it until you dc-it has vdunhk p~otcin quaities and is the pwr man5 mar.

Don't be disturbed if in the '~illapr M &aid of ! you. ThCy rimply have not wen vryone who Imks l i k

you. And sin- the dogs will krk at people theg don't !mow-d often bit-it is bet to k e q nwy from b.

I The Chinew do not fondle pu and W r e dogs may bite you out of sheer rurprkl

in C b L owned by mncbaly and sn them is no where you can pi& fruit or fuh or hunt unlw you go into the mrmornins. Thcre yon will be frce, for

j thsrr arc fov m i o g ~nm. nut e l m h a , donst uke m y - thing. The C h i n e their p p n g d l y .

I a

CI I INCSI D C I O E m A C I

CHINA3 modern governmcnr IS not the rnme m m form as oun, but Chma. am a drmocnt~dy lod~ncd p p l e The p e n t government 18 a nca, onc znd wpr

avumok n beforc 16 form was mmpletcd But even m the old days w-uh Chma bad zn mpemr, who lrvcd m P h g , he governed very l d y He was not s mush s ruler as n spzr~tud head, sa the Pope u m thc Cnthol~c church, or, fm that matter, as the p-bt fing mEngLnd u m thc Englub p p l n The pmvmur, or states, wuc hesded by hu rcp-ntatrvcs, but tbe rul g o s a g was done by thc pmplc, vllhgc by v h g e The State dld not even -utc cnrmnnls. If a ma. w u E(IIYICU~ of a ~ n m q hc WPS returned m hnr c h v & p and s rat m ,udgmmt on h m

The,mrgutratu and vrccroys of prov~nccr wcrc chosen from among rhe m a who p c d stare exammtmns Thnc -lorrronr were open to znytdy Mcn from the pmmt h t l r c r , d they had thc nhrlrty and educ~um, could cntw for them Thus, even the o&Ar of old Chum often cunc fmm humble bqmmngr

In r g ~ r the old q m c overthrown by Sun Yat.jcn, who M C Y ~ that Chsna mun modvnuc he& tn order to h e m a m&n world Perhap the abrltty m change

31

KOREA (CHOSEN1 I rrsnn I

Y.nrha

w. .i,

IFORMOSAI

SOUTH GHINd SEA

with the tLns is me reawn Chin. h u k n abk m live vnil todry. 'Ibc un~k wu ovuthmwn and a nnv npublicaopvcmmcn; w u ss up, rndded aftu that d the Unntcd Sars. 'lhcrc has long bccn a clme uc bc- Chiu and the United States. Many Chinese m p mco have m e m our uoiverri$u m s i v d y and i w i d y W r a l that they &odd take bxk Am&m ideu. But i t b m u ~ y w c r l l b l i r h n n c w g o v ~ m a t i n a n y m u n try. It tmk wmc yw to do it in Chins, dl the y- betwen 191r and 1 9 2 ~ and even thcn the job .-'t

finished. lo the m u n t h Sun Yat-Sen died, and his ruc-I war Gadissirno Chiang KaIIhcL who in the culy days of the Republic had h a b&t fa. 10- of Sun Yatan.

Tday the Gcncralbio holds finnly the le&r&ip d the several gmup in Chinere political life. Though thew gmup,di&r as widcly u palitid $our Am--- isnn life Wr, they arc united, under thc Idership of Chinng Kniahek, in their dctcmination w be free. Thcy have in him the nerrsrsry unity m win the war.

CMlNA I T Wan

ON July 7, ,937, Japan studred Chin.. T h a , rr now, Chim had little navy and her umy wls -posed of infantry, with k w t a n l s , little artillery, and slight air

Y

support Her mvdinc was blocbded shipments of w u materials, her iodu~vial cities overrun, and h u rsilmnds and odvigrhlc rivers in the hrndr of the cnany.

China had threc mtcgic asm w combat a J n p who wu technically tuperior in every urn-her courage, her manpower, and space. As m c military m e n t l m r has p i n e d out: "Tbc vra dku- of China and the rugged charmer of the country arc among thc impamnt pints

3 whiih h r its dcfuue against iovnrion. Orhcr major faan u c tbc ability of the poplc to ad- hardship,

, be m n m with a meagre m&, and m live in dativdy &s&ent cmomic gmup. The pmalace of a phi- h p h y which emphasizes priL in race, love of family, and the desire m be mcrcd by thcir children ia another important saut:'

~ g e x p l o i t e d hir rrreu m the full. Ddvcn back fmm the caastrl cities, C h i ' s armies fought all of the way, takings heavy d l of the enemy ar frighdd mrt to them-

, dvcr . In the early days of the war it was enimstcd that , Chimue cuunltier were about three timv those of the Jap.

Today they arc almart even. Whole fasforiu wcrc dG 4 mantled and moved to the inerioior, often on the hadin

of the incredible Chinere cmlier. Finally io the mounuin , wr of middle China tbc invaders were rtoppd mid and

brre been m p p d ever bee.

as

With nearly n milion l a p immobilized along r tuung- out front, Chirng worked to repair the I- of hi in- dustrial cities md communication liner. Milli- of men umtraincd,rmall annsfmmier crtrbliL4 s min tridrldrl of S U ~ ~ I ~ ~ J wcrc obtained from Rwb, the United Statu, md Gxa Britain. But the Chi- arm& arc still tm w d in artillery, plane, and tpnkr to RLc the a&dve.

0101*111110" 0. I W I C " l N l S E l 1 l V

THE C h i n e army todry hna w d wer 3w divisions in the field, muling about ),wow men. Thw w about q,om,oua men in rervve units or in training ump. Also m e Ilm,am guerrillas and 600,ao reg& tmop w openfiog in areas behind Jap~lluc lincr An &I pxbliution of the China. Go~mnmu~c mperu &at in

.I

addition u, these soldim, Chinahas p,owpw oblc-bodied mcn of military rgc available for srvice. Under a ryncm of nntionnl military training iMlituted by C h i Kai. shek. about 6aoawo men arc now eivcn elcmentnrr mili- . . . tnrg training in their own villages md towns cnch year.

Field o rp la t ion of Chincd tmop is as fdbwr: Amy pup-nsbting of two or mom armies. Am&$-nridng of m or more divisions. Div*ion-drting of two or more i n h a p brides,

plus one d u y bartalion or reghem, nnd motingents of engineers, s i p 1 trwps, medial units, pod umaporr, totaling m o r n men.

The k i c idantry unit is the squd m m p c d of rz to I+ men nrmcd with 7.9.- &. Theomtidy, nch rqmd b equippi with at 1-t one nuunutis ri& mad7 of the ~ w l i b c r or 7.9 millimew t y p , coming &om Gu- m y , Denmark, Great Briuin, Rush, Cuchorlovakii and the Uhitcd Statcs. nlhc Chinere have some Bmwnine a d c ri&r, 1937 model. Machine gunr arc of the 3c d b u or 7.pmillimeter variety nnd come from the ume ro- m the d8u. hfmtty uniu arc also equipped with mnch m m s and 3-mUlimmr guns.

- - -

The mnch mortu is one of the principal wnpong m- miving mewhat the m e unphrsh m in the Japanex Army. The s b t a g c a of d e r y nod d artillery mmuni.

J 1 ;

t h i n g only as m y or army p u p W m p . China k divided into nine wax urncr, uoda zone mm-

m d u r who u a c k supreme authoritg over pll troop* in the plrticticulnrm, At the top ofthe whole m y or&- utim k the Militarv MGcr Commiuion in Chuwkhr. pmided over by dsocrdkima C h h g ~ai-dxk; w g d u ruul strategic decisiont. Chiig m i v d mon of hit mMtq mining in J s p

wherc G e r m idear prrvsild, but thuc have ken r number of nhcr fordgn iduen.n on the organization and mining d the Chin- armies. W h p Aadsmy, Chid. west Point, was 0rgsoLed with the N p of Ruuizn sdvircn, wtnbly Marshal B l d u . IncidataUy, mllg Chinerc o k received heir w s i n i in our own West Point or othu A m u h n mMtq schmls. In the 1930's Gurmn iducncc w u pdmimnt with n pn; manenr German militq miuion in China, successiselg hczded by M. M u Bauer, Gen. Hans von Sccckt, fnther a? the Reidrrwehr, and G c n d von Fakeahawn. The miuion was withdrawn in 1938

Th C U M Solaa Before very long you ing beaidc the Chiinex infnnvymao who our doughboy. He k u a d y a f u d s or

I

r r m f m m r o m e d m a m w sillagc nnd he was d d d fw military mice . He unv& lighq cnn march k&k dimnm with full p&, and skcp on the & in the faded uniform he mars. Hc may look P bit nggcd, but as Gen. Ckng Ting Che, o m of the Chinu+ mmmnnden in Burms, said: "YO" h d ,d be*. drrsscd mldicrs behind rhs liner." Alrudy r fine (oldier, dl hc n d ia bmu -par and more of them and ndcquate uainig to be s match for the lap.

Bare p y for the Chincrc sol- ' diu ir abut 6 Chin= doltn a month (qpmximarcly go cents in our money). His daily rations, in -a consist of two meah of rim or nwdlcr and wgetr. bla. On the rmrcb, his ~mn muon k fiied risc cprried in a qhdrissl - v v bag, $lung ovcr

a

one shoulder, a h u v ~ s c he eru df thc munuyndc Bcuwc he spc& softly and mdu canly, doo'r hd

the chauna un't munh: on hu remrd he u a z d dLn For 5 I& he s d h u m a d e have kept; large p t of thc J spnae Army msupvd doag a awbm11e fmnt. You have no -0 to fed .uP"ior becsw yo" arc bemr fed or h e r armed On the contrary, grre the C h soldrcr lur due m admuatton for hrs p h , common guu.

CMlNCSl ST.ATIOV

WHEN the Clunae were attacked st Lukoucluu, on July 7, 1937, C h m g Ksl-ahek h d only one murx m falloar Gght and retreat, ustug hu n-, m g r , - I -r, and space m m & a u mwh damage a$ p b k on the J a p e s e You m y ask why Chma diddt gct read7 for the J rp . For tk same -n ihnr M d tdd t - thq Ldn't know the l a p e e plans and nnywrl ihcy hoped a wmldn'r happn. Bsr~des, Cluna wns jurt gUmg mm her m o b rmde She was desarng d hu r- m ouceumc develo-t when Ism a t t d d . A larr hsuon would h;c even up. &ma just tigbtcncd her bch and went m wpr wth what rhr hnd. H a illquipped ,. srmiu fought h c k d mnishcd thc world with thdr

'

endurance >he moved her gmemmnt xpao mile rdl.nd, from N h g to C h y n g k , ro that rh muld caU9 on . I

a m ~ n g l y ho$err frght It was as ~f we had ban forced to move our own caprtal from Waohmgon to Krnrv ClW

Today m Chungklng the pcople uc a fan example of what thc moon rr Tho i s n thc mort bamkd coty m the world Ycr the people go on They have made shelters m the m k y depths of the mountamr and thcrc they stay hour a h hour, romnmcr day dtcr day, a d when the rand. arc over they mme out and go back to work They arc unbearable

I # * P O I T I N T I U t * @ S TO 1 1 1 1 1 S C 1 1

IF YOU were to talk m any Amertcan who has spent r I h e 10 Chma, he would undoubtedly gwe you the Mlownng ruggcruom By follawtng them, you will not mly mold d~ l cu l t r r bur you will guarantee your own popularity.

Chiaz i the oldest nation in the world and its civilim- . tie" is io mmy ways the grurcrt. As a nature1 rcsult. the

4 Chinese will not bcar any nsumption of superiority on the pn of r wh~tc mxn lxr>vw hc rr what Chlna her. self hu no color prqudtr agarnrr anpnc wxth r rl~Kwnt I mlomd gk~n She s omonred ro urn, cvcrvvnc on rcrmr .~ ~~- ~~~ ~~ , =

' of human equality, m d you cannot do dmr than ap prcach China in the wmc spirit.

Dismumn anyone who uu ar though the Chinese arc queer. They v e nor queer. Akcr all, t h u s M more p plc in the world cating Chinae fmd and weering Chinuc dorhca t h there are Americans eating h e r - ican food and wearing Amcrirvl dnhes. They live their way a d wc live ours. If you r a p t rhrm, rhey will re- ""2, . .. r--- r--

Rcdrr. ~n adbanrc that the Chmac, frxrndly md span. unmus and nasurd rr rhcy arc. have a few spccid I l k s and dnlnkn. lhcv do nor lhkc to bc touched. Thew don't

drhough somiif the m d e m o m hnrr leuned h f- of ulvunon So dodt put your lun& on mybody, m fun or furv or affccuon, untd you Lnow rhe v u v wcll indeed.

The Chineac like reserve with tbcir women and gcn- denas with thcir chddrcn.

Try nor m low your t emp. You will ae plenty of C h r s losc thein, hut thcy arc Imkcd u p n and Imk on t h c m d r a ar lower class when they do w.

In r shop, it ia bcncr na m much gmdr you do not imnd to buy. i

Unless you arc "cry Iurc of your cmwd, bmu nn try '

to ukc prture~. In many pru d China thm 8s r s u p s l i m that a phaogrrpb mgkdp mmrcr . -S 'j

sod. FTim& may bs chumcd to hrve their p b taken, hut n crowd m y turn ugly s t the sight of a ramua.

If s mother shields her child with h u hand or hcr apmn as you go by, don't be &ended. There is a aaying h t foreignus mrimcs cast an evil shadow. Smile and kt it pass. Whcn they know you, they will kmw rhat your shadow in not evil. Simply to say, "I am an Amer- ican," ofrcn m o v e thc curse.

B a r in mind that many x h d and well educated Cho-profuron, studcnu, govunmcnt employees- uc today p r and undcrprd. They have f o ~ k e n fm- 11". wealth, md the c ~ l f a r u of home, and have endured yens of bluer hvdshp rather than subnut to the lapmc3e yokc Do not bs tw qulck, therefore, m judgrng by appuraaccs

I O U A"= 0"" Il.A..A.Ol

IN A SENSE, you go to Chma u an amhassador of the Amen- p p l c to the C h p p l c m our new rrh aomhp sr dm Some Chmec have rrrn a few Amu- ran rmrrlanvter or buuncsrmcn Bur m a t of them have never reen an Amman of any !sad They have heard gmd h g s of Amurca-that wc have sent them dtd m trms of funme, that wc have kept nhcr IIPW from

!A

rhv~dtng up Cb& terrtmrg when rhc war ua weak to mxrt The p h u we have bcsn able to and them have cnrrled far more &an rhnr own wnghr m gmd wrU for "s

It a up to you nor to r p d rhar finc fccllng To the Chlmss people you stand for 9 of ur here et home as wcll nr for yourself Ir depends on you whether Chtna WIU l~kc us, a d whether they wdl vwt "s m thc future

CHIYE..: M0.CV

THE h e unrt of cumncy m Chnna 1s the Chi- do1 kr One Uord Stater dollar anU buy about 20 Clunuc dollars (1971) However, the actual vdue vsrler 1 gmd deal fmm tlme to umc and thna o E d c v h a n p rate cnn

w plccu of 20 *no or lcu m d u e . Pnpr m o q i wd in dcnorninuioos 1- 5 wu w $ 5 ~ . A 1500 bill will Imk I~kc a t~dy sum bur a exchanges for about h5 in ou, money [we now on i&rion o n k c 21).

The numsnls for the rerpctivs vduer ue printed in lnrgc size on the bills, so yon *auld hnve lit& d i M V in -nizing the variovr vdua.

BiUr for the h govemmanl bpokr of Chin-. trd B d o f Chin., the Bnnkof Chin, Bankof Communi. clrionr, a d the P a m Bank-c perally acceptable in the mwor and citicn thmughovt P~cc h.

Mnny of the pm*in.i.l governments Lruc their own p p r monsy.which drcvlnrer and is nmpd within the pmvince, but usunlly ir mot accepdc ouuide. R o d d note* do am exchmge nr pr, but we usually wmth - what hr than n a u d government m a q .

The ndv~rnblc thmg to do 3s w get pur h n a n dol- I ~ ~ e ~ p d m t o n n e r o f t h e f o v r ~ b P D J v

TA.LI D , *0*K"

coin Ceor p i m (of ulppcr gcmrbill

p a w

alloy) ro-cent bill g e n t piece (of whir? .a-cent bill

me*) 5-nr bill , m a t piece $1, $5, $lo, $50, Sloo, $ 5 ~ z m n r piece bills

WEIOWTS I Y D *EASYITS

THE Chin- Government has fixd edntiond standards for weights and measuremenu in tcrmr of the mcvic ayt tem: bur those ;ctually in urc arc divcrsc m d confusing, p t i c d s r l y incountry areas. A m i l o r d d B (fwt mururc) may bc seven1 inches longer or rhancr than a carpenrcc'~ ch'ih; and rhc length of a cWih in one rcction of the coun. my may be ar short u 9 inrhcr, while in anorhcr scction it may be as long as q inches.

TIC Chinuc li is approximarely onethird of a mile. Sometimes it may be diPcult to get m eucr idcr of dis- mnce from l e d Chinese Lmilics. Therefore, when asking

distance, it ir ka ro il how iong it take? to walk it. Mcasurca of opacity are seldom used cxccpt for ricg

grain, and bnnr. There ir no uniformity io actual m u s wing, owing to variationr in the upscitier uud.

47

When wngbtr and muuven m tk hcmetrle rymm arc referred to, the roughly corrapondtng t c w of C h r r measurement IS always prefixed by the word @ng (guns), which has the muolng of "cornmod' ("stand a r c ) If the p& s not uwd, rhc term usually &en to the ord~nary Chmm mta of m c a r m n t Thus one kung dU c q d r one meter; one @ng <hen& eqwla osr Irrcr, nod om lung rhln eqwlr one k~lognm A brig If equals one krlometer (about 3480 fm or fivec1ghttu of a mile) On the 0th" bad, sr hnr teen nacd, no or& nary b a u d l y c ~ n ~ d e d to be onc-chud of a. rmk.

Thc En&& "rut of w q h t "ton," m Chncsc sl Inn (Dun) s frequently vaed m the clues. One brig run I. one mnrlc ton. The fallowmg dc nomwuonr of werghts and mcrsures are d

UMll

xe u'wo rqud I d' th (ch faot, about 14 r b). ro d' ih equal I dong r& dong equal r 11

w.a

I nrou e q d r about weslrth of m Engllrh acre, or 806 65 square y d .

~w mou equal I dmp.

I

- m g q d r dmg. ~ e s h a ~ p q d ltar (lro2p.llona). . re lo" cqud r rhrh

I rWlkt

lo fen c+ I c h ' m (macc)

r6 brig qd I chm (cam. about r 1/3 pounds) rw rh,n qd I I- (p~cul, about r33 r/3 pounds)

THESE arc pmuru t ton hmnrs w help you lo henm8 w thr Ch~neu luyung. rcmrds w h d hnvc bem sup olrcd to vour trmo untr 7hr, wll also hds you ~ 8 t h . . k c pronLnciation 'of ndditiok words and phrases given ~n this baok, which are not induded in the rrcordr.

Chinese is spkcn in several didectr, the m m im- p-t b&g Man&, canlonere, the Amoy, m d the Fmhow. The dialect you arc going to hear on the m r d s is the Mandarin, which is the national language of China and m o m generdy u n d u d thnn any orher. Them is nnhing very &dt about chio%--cep

thnt you won't k able u, w d rhc s i p and newrpprr you will xc. That is becaw the Chincse u x n very di5e-t writing system fmm ours. Therefore, the ia smutbm and vapbulprg Mow are not b s d on the written Chinac language, but arc s runplified r y n m of mpmnting the language ss it m d . T h i s system mn trinr letters for d the rounds you mwl mrLc to be undcntml. It d a r not contain letters for aomc of the mundr you will hear, but it will give you all you need w get by on, both listening and rpcaking. H,crc arc s fw rimple ruler to help you: r. Usc of the pi&h of rhs voice. Chioex bna a

peculiar ring-song quality which is very important in the

50

lsogv~gc You should try ro memonzc the h s d s nod . &ase d y PI YOU hear them However, d yon npnk tbc sylLbLs that arc wrtttcn m csp~ral letters m a loud

- tom of vo~ce mtb lugha pttch, a d say the wad and syllables w n m m m u kmrr m the lowcat pttch of your lutvnl rpailng vote you will k undcrsmod Words wrrttcn m capltnl l e m wrth an eadunnr~on - mnrk after thrm should bsgwcn m the same mne of v o t e u a command l~kc "Haltl', 'Sropl" A h make your wxmrltde b m m the ryIIah1~1 that haye the I~ttle w e d h e r under them

2 Vorurlr-Tha arc thc kmdr of rounds we repre- rcnt m EngLuh by 0. e, r, o. u, d, ay, ctc Just follow rhe key M o w and you wdl have no trovblc

A, iU1 equh Thc 0 ul (Kxamph AHRl nvsnlnp "".a')

u, N 4. Tb. . lo mrlr but no, w, d " d d ((Eumplr TAll rr m m m p m d s m ) .-, AW ~r ~h lo hu (EIMPIL *00 WAW "& *n d. Pbru. "rulrad 8"- )

4 EH q u k lk c m Id, rhwgh n m r s n .oun& m b u m a r h e r m ou (Elrmplc s YEW-, ,v& m w ' 1b.d Yo". ) .,. EK equt, A sound ll* Lc e, of h"d lerd l e r d b , weGa,w .gd.r I t m n d . m u . ~ m h w I & e . ~ LYXC. d u l l y m a on Lc hcds (B.Mple IS& m w q ''.lrUghl )

,, I equlr Tk 8 m w, b w h . at - ., S.,undund d mm rh <? lo in, (Eurapl~ C H r n ISdlI.

"rrp.,.b*.") ob. OH q u l lk 0 m .o ( h p k ROHI, maow "met")

m, w equl, lk 00 m bw. b*, at m, It td, - ~ b r t mrrr rtr . *u ( ~ - p l r Boa< -.

na'mr) ub, UH equtr lk I m bnr (Elrmpk lUHl.wh, maow

.,I,*-, .- 4 Lt equals A d h Lc rhc 11. n r h t n ~ lerd w t d rh Ihp

rounded u tbwh b f m uy rh oo m bo. E-plr YU, n-op ''a )

An& vow4 sound occurs wtth the mmbmtl~m mmn rr, dz It s far down tn the throat Lacn to n carefully on the =or& ( h p l c . SZI, melnsng"W )

(Norn-CaptrPI l c m and mail Imm wnam gahu w~thour s hyphen or r l~ttlc mwed LN & d d be sad a dosly together ps pou~bls For example. E E A H l w , mennrng "want" Here the A H l m aunds lust llLc the cxcInmnuon Owl (for "ouch") m Englub)

sl ,

j. ~onronmnru.LThe c o m ~ n t . arc d the wrunds thnt are R O ~ VOWEL. Pronounce them just u you know them in English, king rue to say the t, p, and 4 pvticukrly rtmngly;ALo note the following: , d is alwpys like the d in chsrch.

g is always l i e rhe g in gal; ncvu Iikc the g in gem. 1 > is dwnyr the j in judge.

ts is like the i s in hm, nnd du sound may mmc PI the beginning of a word.

[ ds is like the dz in dm (or the ds in dh), and the aound may mw st the kgiooing of s word.

U.1 OF m o m U W U L WORDS &NO PHIUSI.

HERE rr a 1st of tbe most urcW words and pbnou you anll nced m Cbnue You dosld I r m then by h r m . Thq arc the words md phrases mduded on the Chrncsc

records nnd appcnr here m thc order they mur 02, du mords.

am(hprclC.ml-. Enginlh-4mplsfied Chmrr Spdhnp

Mod mmmnz, Mod &?, G d Mnd-TAll-ru N-I, HcIleNIN b n u O M l s c ~ 3 h j o jd

&-4JKHN SHUHNC

I h> v ldvnuuCBOOl PI-. s w k I w I Y - c U N G dmnp S H W A W M A H N I - B E -

Yes, I m & w n & d w G ' d 3 b n

Lr

Whm (")--DZ,# "ylH.lee &c bcmunatf--PAHNI &HN48

Whrc " ,he rrm"rmt?- W H N I poo&Ndd DZIU

'%'--rAHNI DmMm Whm u n batcl?&FAHNI

MEleAo DZAl mJn.11 rulrad ~~txm-hm-WAW CHUH IAHNl

U you arc dnrtnp and ark th. d u m a m m t h r mwn. rill b glvcn m you m leg8 ~~~~~~

'3"e 1 ~ ~ 1 , abut -Id Of. rnl.

yrn N& & I(UI um Nu&n OaBB W H R I

Srr-LEEloo

T M r n Sl"&nKE

P d Z I 818bc-ELin

P 1 1 0 Q o :exH Fm tbe numhn "ckrro" h s b "n~~lto" you my SHER.

tbe nvmhr for "ru*" lhcn add ,k bcd. for ,ooS" "R%" "&:' andam. B l a r m S H B R BB T A M H E R K i R I Tk 4. fm ""mt).," " h 7 , " "fony," "&:' and u, on,

Mumply tbe wd. for "No," "thnt: "four," "fie," a d od om, dur Ibr word fa '"ten.'' I1K word, for 'Ywmtponr: "muly-," @* 00, a. wnply th. wd. for " N a t y ; "&my: PI", Ibr ,.a& for "one,- '"No," rud lo on

n"m.uM Thu -1UHI-prd SHKRI ~ u o l ~ ~ 0 YBHN Wh.t--SHEHM-mU* I wrnl w n n " s - a w ~ H What's tb-PHI-prh SHBRI EE.AHlao SJ'AHNG YEHN SK3HM.a.h mllrb-YAHNC h-H

I - cuH 1 unnl r n s l r b - d n EE wm-ESAH1.m AHIw YAHNG d v r v Y H

f e d

M a - u H kekeb14JH &+H~.YEHN How much doa &!a b j . 1 -

DOO.UH ~ l b h Q H CHEe- YEHN

DII m*. . YO-AHN. . YO AHN (cbmrw dollu) WO.& ha fin M. YO -YO AHN UAHOH--MAH-OH

Lb-fri"

m,. Whrl Umc u I ~ ~ ~ B E Y E H N I What o m d H E H M n * l

DZ41 m_Fs dccJEHN SHER HOHl I W N G tbc morvcDEe YEHNl

Tm lan o n e deJEHN U N G UlBR R l H N . - - K A I ,Vb.,?HN

Omw put 6-90 Whrf nmc dce th. m o m * r r E H N .%? KUHI m n f - 4 H E H M nrl SHER

T-t7 w rrm--CH.%? ,m-YEHN AHRI Slim ~ , " ~ ~ ~ ~ N ' uNc PUHN

=gpr -JAW CHUH In.&!

htyd".EEhE men doa tbc trun la=?-

dwJEHN SZI SHER NHN SHEM*nuh wER HOH1 pvrm d nm=-&IH h J A w CHUH KAl

d-HN SAHN KUHl Y a d Y - D Z A W TEE YPHN Ten a & d e J H N C Today-ITN TEEpYEHN

d U E H N M O O SHEU T m m - M I N G TEE YEHN r n N

MI* Bdll F2R Thv.rd.y--lG BAl1 SZI blsrdadee BAll BE h d s y - - I ~ E BAll -00 n e & ~ M I 1 AHRI rad.rrW ~ 4 1 W&&aw-BB M I SAHN

What u ymu m l - - G W A Y I How do you SAY "-Me' s a. U I N G I MINE nr*?-AOONG G W A W

M y nusc u-HW NWAHl & EE-rUIloo AHIm S H W H mad

GmdbycDZdl I IE lc l "

ADDITIONAL WORDS AND PHRASES

l u ~ n - r . l o b M .

bmk (of river)-HUH-UH irc&rNG AHNl b H 0 0

dnrkmm-HAY TELYEHN Ibr l n m p ~ U l r h k d h n l d . f i - 6 m - m r v N mwntaiz-GAW-OH S H m N d r m 4 H A H MUHI Ibr 9 Y M N O 6 l b T E F J E H N DEE1 ,aiPvru f u d U I e U H m-,-H brut ( - d s ) - - S H O O I U N , p r i. ( ~ ~ a . b o l . . re)- M U H CHD;UIN dr pround--DEE1 $-Y4JfI ,UIhLYmG rnlly ( r a v i n e ) - S H A H N

r-90 2=zx%!&%H bin-2h-00 SHrUIN WiOlCPUHNG

m. dayRERId. day bfmc y . n . r d . y 4 m . day Lhcl m m - H O H I YEHN TEE-YEHN

T q Y E H N evening-d-AHN SHAHNGI

3

i mom-W00di ~ . b ~ c l o O J W d ~ so l rpLOH TEE wll-CHBUHNG stove (mokmg -PI=)-LO0 vmdourCHWdHNG HOOl I

dr F d YII mld'-T&e~.

---. . -.-- co8-"",'ie" lurnipLwAW b.u curumkrrHWAHNG GWAH

b r i d h H a 9 0 policclmth+~EENc( c b d (~rm~nt)-r)-rGEB.Ul TING

TAHNG n*&DAHI LOO1 *"& (C.tho,i.)-TE,?JEHN smrrP001-d. -0 ~ E E ~ H l m TAHNG met-lEE.EH

cicHHUh'NG ~ d l ~ ~ c T S W 0 0 N d s d i s r r r msglua.', offir- wcllirrJENG

V E H N I GOONG d o 0 9 0 port &cYEE.OH NHNGl fl

A-

m*] (domerddSHUHNG cbirkxo (beo)-ls row-NEE.00

mmnl ( ~ i l d ) ~ < # H SHOW d o k p o V H b i ~ ~ ~ . o o n hkv-u -~!--LOO!~& mu smt4HAHN Y4HNG uCMAHQH h-6JH

w

lnucb b T S A H N G ynl + H E R 1 0 0 kas or I t c cSHER4s brdbvppCHOH1 d o m -Ur-wuHN&

M"."dOcrull(*l* ~ A I I kpNGd~.11 r s m - N O W lw

{LH =-JY-= ~ b ~ ~ H lPPl#hng w l ~ ( 4 c ~ p E N G C H M bu#&u-Mrll l ROHldeh Bcm&r-P&B I&EId#g rodi--CHOOdz m l o w T S A l"&g do lmwYPP SHUHNG

L l m h finr--D6Bl &E ( h r u, uu DEEI lad lbco -&DEE1 AHRI my &= nnumbv)

e*hl..

wld--I&JJHNG h a R O O l s h M E R d , r C . f H N crpcaa*cOWAYI -Em* un-KOONG

Ez%E Ih&-mmc -AHN 1INGl d",,-DZAHnG old ( d - H d J J O old (d tkasr)-fKEloo

3 2 per.0.- YEHN CHING d n

h N A H 1 SJE%ph I X H yUHN my, m--UH DEE! YOU (YDP ) 4 E (9IYI.I) - 0 -W M U H N

. y p E MUHN. (phrr fmm) DEE1 NIN w. wn-(mb-) 6 6

he, rhe. ~r-T&i DEE! ( p l u d ) 4 E MUHN an--TAH MUHN DEE! ( p o l % t e form) NIN ,b*IUH! pd D m ~ I U H ! SYEH prh h, h-TrUI mrhn dm Ib.M,lHl prh wbl-SHAY

Ad".*.

aboboDUll S H A H N O 1 ocsu/LVI ey"* on lhrr udc-DZAll NAHl

.ms. -DZAI l WI h br be-ZAII HOHI b f l h on $ sldcDZdll IUHI W Z A I I PAHNO ey". b h l WZAII S-YAHI +A. -,#I NAHI r c e j e

W Z k m m h c D Z d l I cX68.YBHN

hrb c.nhactl-

Pd-Hop.UH d 4 M ) l J SHER! bucDdXNl SSHBI 4 O O I d SHERI

Uuhl C)vu.

w4u & ~ c u &ay?+N TEE. T h y = Tuod.7, eL-l lN YBHN KEE HAHlo. TEE.YMN Irr-EE M I

T h y n lbc 6hh of J- m! /LV TEE.YEHN LEEII Canc b-h-AHNO lUHl TUkh HAHfo. I*-EE Ldl

wht &y of 60 &?-flN COmC ~ ~ I Y K W A I I W TEE-YEHN k 3 E B A l l 0. quuLly-KWAII CHUI rLEB

Who are sari-eJE SHERI SHAY

W k t do p u -r?-&E YAHloo SHEHMa#h

How fu u Ibc m p ? - - 1 f f N YlNG W H D A W S H l Awnr

w & Z rs w n r e r k m WJH P ~ H ING; be+ &OH r h J Y 1 am ul Am- sola-

W k rn rbe mmt vlsw? W H S H E R I -CAY d w E E N G l I N l D E E l GWAWBlNG T S ~ O N ~ . ~ A I .&AH. I .. ~ & - Y I N J H k SHERI DEE1 L r.nhll-~h-OO S-YIN PUHNG &H