China Reforms Its Economy But Limits Freedom

When Deng Xiaoping took control of China, he allowed some features of a free market and

welcomed foreign capital and technology, which brought growth—especially in coastal cities.

When some Chinese demanded greater political freedom, however, they were thwarted and even

killed when demonstrating in Tiananmen Square.

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The Developing WorldSection 3: China and India: Two Giants of Asia

Witness History Audio: A Violent Crackdown

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China Faces Continuing Challenges

Some of the challenges facing China today are its large population, rapid urbanization, pollution,

the spread of AIDS, and human rights abuses such as a lack of free speech and suppression of

Tibet’s Buddhist culture.

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The Developing WorldSection 3: China and India: Two Giants of Asia

India Builds Its Economy

India has used modern technology to expand agriculture and industry. It moved toward a free-

market system in the 1980s, and many industries have expanded quickly. Population growth

continues to hamper success, as have the spread of AIDS and the rise of the urban poor

population.

Reforming Indian Society

Discrimination based on the caste system has been banned in India, but opportunities are still

unequal in education and employment. Women have made progress, but the lives of girls from

poor families remain difficult.

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The Developing WorldSection 3: China and India: Two Giants of Asia

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Progress Monitoring Transparency

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