China in the Middle Ages

China in the Middle AgesChapter 12China ReunitesSection 1Rebuilding Chinas EmpireChinas Han Empire ended in AD 220 because there was no central government. As a result, China broke in 17 separate kingdoms.Warlords military leaders who run a government, fought with each other while nomads conquered parts of northern China. Korea fought to control their own land.

The Sui Dynasty Reunites ChinaAD 581, China was reunited when a general who called himself Wendi declares himself emperor and founded the Sui Dynasty.Wendis son, Yangdi took control after his death and tried to conquer the Koreans, but were badly defeated.Yangdi did build the Grand Canal, a system of water ways that linked the Chang Jiang and Huang He rivers.Yangdi treated his citizens poorly and soon after his death, the Sui Dynasty came to an end.The Tang DynastyAD 618, one of Yangdis generals took over China and started the Tang DynastyCapital was ChanganTaizongRestored civil service exam systemEmpress WuThe Song DynastyAD 960-1279Time of prosperity and cultural achievementTibet broke awayCapital was moved further south to Hangzhou

Buddhism Spreads to ChinaEarly Tang rulers were not Buddhists, but they allowed it to be practiced.Chinese monks and nuns began living in monasteriesMany believed monks and nuns weakened the family life, because they were not allowed to marry.AD 845, the Tang had many Buddhist monasteries destroyed and the faith never fully recovered in China.Chinese Buddhism Spreads EastSeveral hundred years after breaking away from China, Korea remained as many independent kingdoms.AD 300s, the Chinese Buddhist brought their religion to KoreaAD 660, Korea united to form one country.Buddhism will eventually spread to Japan.New Confucian IdeasThe Tang dynasty gave its support to a new kind of Confucianism called neo-Confucianism.This was initially created to reduce the popularity of Buddhism.Civil Service ExamsChinese SocietySection 2A Growing EconomyWhen the Tang took power in AD 618, it brought peace to the countryside and gave more land to farmers.Irrigation improvedDeveloped a new kind of rice that grew well in poor soilBuilt roads and waterwaysSilk fabricPorcelain made of fine clay and baked at high temperatures

New TechnologyChina discovered coal and steel during the Tang dynastyAD 868, the earliest known printed b ooks came about.Diamond SutraGunpowderFirelance, ancestor of the gun1150 Chinese sailors began using a compass

Art and LiteratureChanganLi BoDuo FuPaintingCaligraphy

Bellringer For 1/31/13Name the two most important items traded on the Silk Road.

The Mongols in ChinaSection 3The MongolsMongoliaMade up of tribessteppesWho Was Genghis Khan?He was named Temujin, which means blacksmith1206, a meeting of Mongol leaders took place somewhere in the Gobi and Temujin was elected Genghis Khan, which means strong rulerCreated a new group of tribal chiefs to help him plan military campaignsGathered an army of more than 100,000 warriors1211, Mongol forces invaded China and within 3 years had taken all of northern China.Became known for uses of terror

Mongol EmpireGenghis Khan died in 1227 and his empire was divided among his four sons.1258 Baghdad fell to the MongolsEmpire reached Pacific Ocean in the east and Eastern Europe in the west.Eventually brought peaceMongol rule in China1260, the Mongols named Genghis Khans grandson new khan, or ruler.Kublai Khan continued Mongol conquest1264 Kublai moved the capital from Karakorum to Khanbaliq in northern China.Today this is the modern city of Beijing.1271, Kublai Khan decided to conquer China and within 10 years, they had conquered southern China.Marco PoloTrade and ConquestBellringer for 2/1/13If at first you dont succeed, try, try again. What can you take from this quote to apply to your life?3-5 Sentences

BellRinger for 2/4/13Name 3 achievements of China in the Medieval period.(You can look through your text)The Ming DynastySection 4The Rise of the MingKublai Khan died in 1294 and Mongol power began to decline.A series of rebellions finally drove out the Mongols. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor and set up his capital at Nanjing in southern China.Founded the Ming or brilliant dynasty.He would take the name of Hong Wu, or the Military EmperorKilled officials he suspected of treason (disloyalty to the government)Ruled for 30 years until he died in 1398, when his son, Yong Le took power.The Rise of the MingYong Lee worked hard to show that he was a powerful emperor1421, he moved the capital north to Beijing.Built a large city with many palaces that became known as the Forbidden City.Only top officials could enter the Forbidden City.

How Did the Ming Reform China?Made Civil Service Exams even harder.Restored many canals and bridges that had been destroyed by the Mongols.Replanted forestsPaved new roadsRepaired and expanded the Grand CanalChinese CultureNovelsDramas

China Explores the WorldMing emperors built a large fleet of ships to explore the world and spread their influence.1405-1431, Yong Le sent fleets overseas to show off Chinas powerThe leader of these expeditions was Zheng HeFirst fleet was 62 large ships, 250 smaller ships, and 28,000 menZheng He took his first fleet to southeast Asia.He would later go to India, the Persian Gulf, and even landed in East Africa.Brought giraffes back to the emperors zoo.Zheng HeChinese merchants will settle in India and southeast AsiaAfter Zheng Hes death, the Confucian officials persuaded the next emperor to stop these voyages.Europeans Arrive in China1514, a fleet from Portugal arrived in ChinaThis was the first time Europeans had arrived in China and first direct contact since Marco Polo.The Portuguese wanted to trade with the Chinese and also wanted to convert them to Christianity.The Chinese thought the Europeans were barbarians, or uncivilized people.Initially, the Chinese refused to trade with the Portuguese, but by 1600, they had allowed Portugal to set up a trading post at the port of Macao.Many Jesuit priests began to work in China as well.Fall of the MingChapter 12 Study GuideMatchingSui DynastyDiamond SutraYangdiPorcelainSong DynastyGenghis KhanZhu YuanzhangNovelsJesuitsMarco PoloIdentificationsChinese printing pressMongolsGunpowderCivil Service ExamsCompassForbidden CityConfucian ideas about explorationTang Dynasty and steelPurpose of the CensusIdentificationsYuan DynastyJesuitsEssaysHow did Zheng Hes travels affect China? Why did some officials object?What Chinese inventions allowed the printing of books? Describe why printing was so important.Describe how the Mongols were able to build a vast empire.