1

jr e fr mE kdi fi Htw Gi f; r S w& kw fu kr %̀ Dr s m;jr e fr mE kdi fi Htw Gi f; r S w& kw fu kr %̀ Dr s m;jr e fr mE kdi fi Htw Gi f; r S w& kw fu kr %̀ Dr s m;jr e fr mE kdi fi Htw Gi f; r S w& kw fu kr %̀ Dr s m;

j r e fr m E kdi fi Hw Gi f; a& tm ;v# y fp p f/ a& e H/ " mw fai G@ E Si hf ow WK vky fi e f; u¾r s m ;w Gi f j r e fr m E kdi fi Hw Gi f; a& tm ;v# y fp p f/ a& e H/ " mw fai G@ E Si hf ow WK vky fi e f; u¾r s m ;w Gi f j r e fr m E kdi fi Hw Gi f; a& tm ;v# y fp p f/ a& e H/ " mw fai G@ E Si hf ow WK vky fi e f; u¾r s m ;w Gi f j r e fr m E kdi fi Hw Gi f; a& tm ;v# y fp p f/ a& e H/ " mw fai G@ E Si hf ow WK vky fi e f; u¾r s m ;w Gi f

w & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;tz GJ@ r s m;r S & i f;E DS; j r K wfE SHr _ wkd; y Gm ;vmj c i f;w & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;tz GJ@ r s m;r S & i f;E DS; j r K wfE SHr _ wkd; y Gm ;vmj c i f;w & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;tz GJ@ r s m;r S & i f;E DS; j r K wfE SHr _ wkd; y Gm ;vmj c i f;w & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;tz GJ@ r s m;r S & i f;E DS; j r K wfE SHr _ wkd; y Gm ;vmj c i f;

UPDATE: 2008

2

a us ; Zl; wi fv $ma us ; Zl; wi fv $ma us ; Zl; wi fv $ma us ; Zl; wi fv $m

Ttp D& i fc Hp mj z p faj r mu fa & ;twG uf vkdty f onf h tult nDr s m;udk y Hhy kd ; ay ;= uo nfh All Arakan Students and Youth Congress, Arakan Oil

Watch, Burma Relief Center, Courier Research Associates, Images Asia E-Desk, Kachin Development Networking Group, Kachin Environmental Organization, Karen Rivers Watch, Karenni Development Research Group, Lahu National Development Organization, Mon Youth Progressive Organization, Palaung Youth Network Group, Salween Watch Coalition, Shan Sapawa ESi hf Shwe

Gas Movement tz GJ@ tp nf;r s m;u dk Earthrights International r S txl; aus ;Zl ;wi fty fy g onf? Earthrights International (ERI) on f “Earth rights [k us E kfy f wdk@ t" dy g̀ ,fz Gi fhq dko nfh” vl@ tc Gi fhta& ;E Si fh ob m0 y wf0 e f;us i fu dk um u G, f & e f O y a' .p Gr f;tm;E Si f h vlxk.p Gr f;tm ;r s m;udk ay g i f;p y fxm; onfh ukd , f us Kd;r z uf onfh tp dk;& r [k wfaom tz GJ@ tp nf ;wp f c kj z p fonf? uGs E kfy fwdk@ onf o wi f;tc s u ftv uf& Smaz Gj c i f; / Earthrights ( obm0 y wf0 e f ;us i f E Si hf vl@ tc Gi f@ t a& ;) us L ;vGe fc s dK;az m uf onfh olr s m; tm; w& m;p GJ qdkj c i f; / a' oc Hac g i f;a qmi fr s m;E Si fh taj c c Hvl xkr s m;tm; oi f we f;ay ;j c i f;E Si fh p n f; & Hk;v_H@ a qm fj c i f; p onfh vky f i e f;r s m;udk t" d uvky fa q mi fy g onf? Tx ufy g A s L [mvky fi e f;r s m; udk t oHk ;j y K+ y D;/ earth rights c s dK ;az g ufr _r s m; y ay s muf& e f / r Se fue fao mvl xkt wGuf r Se fue fao maj z & Si f;c s ufr s m ; y Hhy kd;& e fE Si fh u Gs E fky fwdk@ vSKy f& Sm; ae aom a' or s m; twGi f; vl@ tc Gi fht a& ;E Si hf obm0 y wf0 e f ;us i f y s ufp D;r lr s m;udk um uG, fj r Si fhwi f& e fj z p fonf ?

r Sw fc s uf?r Sw fc s uf?r Sw fc s uf?r Sw fc s uf? ???? vl@ tc Gi fhta& ;E Si hf obm0 y wf0 e f;us i fE Sp fc k. ay g i f;p y fr _udk “earth rights”

[k t" dy g̀ ,fz Gi fh qdk onf ? ERI ta= umi f;u dk y dkr kd od& Sdvd ky g u www.earthrights.org ti f wme u f p mr s ufE Smay :wGi f 0 i f a& m uf= unfh& SKE kdi fy g on f?

3

r dw fq u fr dw fq u fr dw fq u fr dw fq u f ur Bm hw0 e f ;vHk ;& Sd o,H Z mwt& i f;tj r p fr s m;& , la& ;twG uf us dK;p m; ae on fh w& kw fE kdi fi H. aj c vSr f;r s m;E Si hf r = umc i fr S j r e fr mE kdi fi HtwGi f;j z p fy Gm ; onfh ta& ; tc i f;r s m;t ay : a& m uf& Sdae onfh E k di fi Hw um.p dw f0 i f p m;r _onf 1 j r e fr mE kdi fi Ht wGi f; w& kwf.y g 0 i fy wf o ufr _ tc e f; u¾ tay : aj y mi f; vJO D; wnf v mc Jhonf ? 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ p ufwi f bmv wGi f j r e fr mp p ftp kd;& r S " mwf q D ap s ;wkd;j r Si fh vkdufj c i f;r S j z p fy Gm;on fh & [e f; oH Cm awm fO D; aqmi fo nfh + i dr f; c s r f;p GmqE Nj y y GJukd t= ur f;z ufE S dr fE Si f;c Jhj c i f; a= umi fh o,HZ mwy p Pn f;r s m;ay g = uG,f0 o nfhj r e fr mE Si hf w& kw f E Sp fE kdi fi H t= um; E kdi fi Ha& ;E Si hfp D;y G m;a & ;qu fp y fr _tay : ur BmhE kdi f i Hr s m; p dwf0 i fp m;vm ap & e f r D;ar mi f; xkd;j y c Jh onf? Earthrights International r S j r e fr mE kdi fi Ha& tm ;v# y f p p fvky fi e f;/ a& e HE Si h f ob m0 " mwfai G@ vky f i e f;/ owWK wl; az :a& ; vky fi e f; p o nfhp Dr Hu de f;v ky fay g i f; 90 c e f@ te uf te nf; qHk ; w& kwfp D ;y Gm;a& ; y l;ay g i f;a qmuf& G ufa& ;ukr ` % Dr s m;ay g i f; 69 c kc e f@ y g 0 ify wfo ufae a= umi f ; awG& Sdc Jh onf ?2 r = umc i fwGi f j y Kvky f onfh okaw oe vky fi e f ;tm ; p Dr Hude f;ay g i f; 62 c k wGi f w& kwfp D ;y Gm;a& ; y l;ay g i f;vky f aqmi f a& ; ukr ` % Day g i f; 2 6 c k y g 0 i fy wf ouf onfh [k az :j y o nfh 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ar v E Si hf = o* kwf v= um; wGi f j y K vky fo nfh ERI . r S wf wr f; aumuf ,lr _r S taj c c Hc Jho nf? ,i f;p Dr Hu de f; vky fi e f;r s m;o nf v Ge fc Jho nfhq ,fp kE Sp f E Sp fc k wGi f w nfa qmuf+ y D;p D ;c Jho nfh a& umwmt ao ;p m; vkd r [kwfy J / j r e fr mE kdi fi H ukdj z wfI w& k wfE kdi fi H. tae mufaw mi fz uf okd@ oG ,fw e f;r nfh a& e HE Si hf obm0 " mwf ai G@ y kduf vkdi f ; wnfa qm uf& e fj z p fon f? p Dr Hude f;E Si hf p y fvs O f;o nfh ta= umi f;t& m r s m;udk tvG ,f wul & ,law G@ & SdE kdi fo nfh 0 y f qkd' fa y :wGi f az :j y j c i f;r & Sday / Ttp D& i fc Hp m wGi f az :j y y g & Sdonfh o wi f;tc s uftvufr s m; tm; tp kd ; & .xkwfj y e fa us nmc s ufr s m;/ t* Fv dy fE Si hf w& kwf bmomj z i hf a& ;o m;xkw fa0 o nfh owi f;r s m; E Si hf ti fw me ufp mr s ufE S mwGi f ukr %̀ D. xkwfj y e fo nfh o wi f;p m& S i f;vi f;c s ufr s m; p onfh o wi f;ty kdi f ;tp r s m;uk d au muf,lp k aqmi f ; xm;j c i f;j z p fon f? p Dr Hude f ; E Si fhp y fvs O f;o nfh ta o;p d wftc s uft vufr s m;E Si hf j z p fay :vmE kdi f on fh p Dr Hude f;. ae muf qu fwGJ tus dK; qufr s m; ukd xdc kduf c Ha' oc Hj y nf olvl xkr s m;od & Sd& e f az :j y xm ; j c i f; r & Sdon fhtay :/ r dr dwkd@ tae j z i hf Towi f;tc s uftv uftm ; te m* g wf wGi f j r e fr mE kdi fi Ht wGi f; w& kwfp D ;y Gm; a& ;vky f i e f;y l;ay g i f;a qmi f& G ufa& ; ukr %̀ D. y g 0 i fy wfou fa e r _tay : qu f

1111 In 1989, the military regime changed the name of the country from Burma to Myanmar, the historical,

Burmese-language name. The name Myanmar is not accepted by most opposition groups, who believe that the regime lacks legitimacy to engage in any government function, including changing the name of the country. This opposition includes the democratically elected National League for Democracy, headed by Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi, who refers to the country as Burma. The United States refers to the country as Burma, while the United Nations refers to it as Myanmar.

2222 Research for all three sectors was compiled by conducting an English and Chinese language online media

review. Full details are included in Summary of Completed, Current and Planned Hydropower, Oil and Natural

Gas, and Mining Projects in Burma with Chinese Involvement.

4

vufI tj y e ft vSe fa qG ;aE G;r _r s m;/ ok aw oe vk y fi e f;r s m;E Si hf p Hkp r f;p p f aq ;r _r s m;j y Kvky f& e f taxm uft ulj z p fap r nf [k ar s m fvi fhy g o nf? j r e fr mE kdi fi HtwGi f; E kdi fi Ha& ; z dE dSy fr _a= umi fh t ae m ufE k di f i Htp kd;& r s m;r S j r e fr mE kdi fi H twGi f; p D ;y Gm;a& ; E Si hf & i f;E SD;j r KwfE SHr _r s m; y d wfqk d@ r _j z p fay :ap o nfr u j y ifop fwkd w, fukr %̀ DE Si hf tar & due fc s A f& Ge f ukr %̀ D wdk@ r Sty tae m uf E kdi fi Hr S p D;y Gm; vky fi e f; ukr %̀ D r s m;3 j r e fr mE kdi fi HtwGi f;r S xG ufc Gg ap c Jho nf? vuf wavm p Gr f; ti fu ¾r SoHk;p G Jr _wdk ;j r i fhvmr _ a= u mi fh tm& SE kdi fi Hawm faw m fr s m;wGi f j y nfy ok d@ obm0 o ,HZm wt& i f; tj r p fr s m;& Smaz Ga& ; tvk t,uf vky fa qmi f& mY / j r e fr mE kdi fi Hukd t" d u aj c O D;wnf vm= u onf? t dE dN,E kdi fi H / xk di f;E kdi fi H / a wmi fudk ;& D; ,m;E kdi fi H / p i f umy lE kdi fi HE Si hf w& kw f E kdi fi H p onfhE kdi fi Hr s m; onf tm& SE kdi fi Hr s m;te uf j r e fr mE kdi fi HtwGi f ; a& tm ;v# y fp p fvky fi e f; / a& e HE Si hfob m0 " mwfai G@ vk y fi e f;/ o wWKwl ;az : a& ; vk y fi e f; p onfh u¾r s m;w G i f & i f;E SD;j r KwfE SHr _ tr s m;qHk;E k di fi Hr s m;j z p fonf ? 4 j r e fr m ha& e HE Si hfobm0 " m wfai G@ u¾Y E kdi fi Hj c m;wkd uf& kduf0 i f a& mu f & i f;E SD;j r KwfE SHr _ (Foreign direct investment-FDI) r Sm 2 0 0 6r S 2 0 0 7 txd oHk; qwkd ;r s m;vm+ y D; / tar & due fa' :vm 4 7 4 ' \ r 3 oe f;/ 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f E kdi fi Hj c m;wkd uf& kduf0 i f a& m uf& i f;E SD;j r K wfE SHr _ y s r f;r s 90 & mckdi f;E _e f;w uf vmc Jho nf? 5 w& kwfE kdi fi H on f tj c m;E kd i fi H. j y nfw Gi f;a& ;udp Pr s m ;udk 0 i f a& mufr p G ufz u fa & ;qkd onfh E kdi fi H j c m;a& ;r l0 g ' c s Ky fukdi fxm ;a om fv nf; j r e fr mE kdi fi Ht ay : 4 i f;.p D;y Gm ;a& ;E Si hf E kdi fi Ha& ;r l0 g ' r Sm & Si f;vi f;j y w fom;r _ r & Sd ac s ? j r e fr mE kdi fi H. obm0 o,HZm wt& i f ;tj r p fr s m; & ,la& ;t wGu f w& kwfE kdi fi H on f j r e fr m hp p f tp dk;& udk E kdi fi H a& ;/ 6 p p fv ufe ufy p P nf;r s m; 7E Si hf ai Ga& ; a= u;a& ; t ul tnDr s m;udk 8 r s m;p Gmul nDa y ;c Jhon f? j r e fr m hp Gr f;ti f u¾r s m;Y & i f;E SD;j r K wfE SHj c i f;onf j r e fr m p p ftp kd;& tw Guf tar & d ue fa' : vmbD vD,H ay g i f;r s m;p Gm 0 i fai G& & S dap c Jh+ y D; / , i f;0 i fai Gr s m;te u f

3333 Chevron is exempt from United States sanctions in Burma because of a grandfather clause which permits the

continuation of already existing projects. For more information, see EarthRights International. 2008. The

Human Cost of Energy: Chevron’s Continuing Role in the Financing Oppression & Profiting from Human

Rights Abuses in Military-Ruled Burma (Myanmar). Available at http://www.earthrights.org/publications 4444 Official Myanmar government figures; calculations from United States Department of State. ‘2007

Investment Climate Statement – Burma.’ http://www.state.gov/e/eeb/ifd/2007/80685.htm. 5555 ‘Foreign Investment in Myanmar Oil & Gas Sectors More Than Tripled Last Year.’ The Associated

Press, 30 June 2008. http://www.irrawaddy.org/article2.php?art_id=13054 6666 ‘China & Russia veto US/UK-backed Security Council Draft Resolution on Myanmar.’ United Nations

Website, 12 January 2007. http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=21228&Cr=myanmar&Cr1 7777 ‘People’s Republic of China: Sustaining Conflict & Human Rights Abuses.’ Amnesty International, 11 June

2006. 8888 ‘China to Provide Myanmar with US$200m Loan.’ China Daily, 11 June 2006.

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-06/11/content_613786.htm; & Amnesty International. 2006. China:

Secretive Arms Exports Stoking Conflict & Repression.

5

p p fwy ftoH k;p & dwf twG uf te nf ;qH k; 4 0 & mc kdi f;E _e f ;a& muf& Sd& mr S/ 9 us e fus e f;r ma& ;tw Guf 1 & mc kdi fE _e f;E Si hf y nma& ;t wGuf 5 & mc kdi fE _e f ;a vm ufom 1 0 toH k;j y Kc Jho nf? j r e fr mp p ftp kd;& u dk TuJ hokd@ a om E kdi fi H a& ;E Si fh p D;y Gm;a& ; ta xmuf ty Hhr s m ; ul nD& mwGi f j r e fr mE kdi fi H j y nfwGi f ;ta& ; udp Pr s m; 0 i fa& mufp G ufz uf ae j c i f;omj z p fon f? atmufy g ta= umi f;t& mr s m;r Sm w& kwf.y g 0 i fy wf o ufr _j z i hf/ j r e fr mE kdi fi Htw Gi f; wnfa qmu f + y D;/ w nfa qmuf qJE Si h f w nfa qmuf& e fp Dp O f xm; o nfh a& umwmp Dr H ude f;r s m; / a& e HE Si hfo bm0 " mwfai G@ p Dr Hude f ;r s m;E Si hf o wWKwl ;az : a& ;v ky fi e f;r s m; ukd tus O f;c s HK; az :j y xm; o nf? & ,lp ka qmi f ; xm;o nfh tc s uf tv uf r s m;tm;vHk ;r Sm ti f wme ufo wi f;p mr s ufE Smr S w & kwfE Si fh t* F vdy f bmomj z i hf a& ;om ;az :j y xm;o nfh o wi f;r s m; ukdtaj c c H+ y D; / 4 i f; wdk@ r Sm w& kwfE kdi fi H .& i f;E SD ; j r KwfE SHr _ tp dwf ty kdi f;te nf;t us O f;r s om az :j y y g & Sdr nf[k ,lqy g o nf?

9999 University of California at Berkeley Human Rights Center & Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public

Health Center for Health & Human Rights. 2007. ‘The Gathering Storm: Infectious Diseases & Human

Rights in Burma,’ p. 1. http://www.hrcberkeley.org/pdfs/BurmaReport2007.pdf; ‘Misery Piled Upon Misery: Myanmar.’ The Economist, 6 October 2007; & Sardellitti, E. ‘Myanmar: Courted by the Asian Players.’ Power & Interest News Report, 8 March 2007. http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=627&language_id=1;

1 01 01 01 0 The U.S. State Department reports that the budget of Burma’s Ministry of Health in 2007 was 0.3% of

Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Available at http://www.state.gov/e/eeb/ifd/2007/80685.htm. Burma’s budget represents about 20-25% of Burma’s GDP. This means that expenditures, as a percentage of the budget, are four to five times their percentage of GDP. In the case of health care, that means expenditures are about 1.2-1.5% of the budget. For more information, see EarthRights International. 2008. The Human

Cost of Energy: Chevron’s Continuing Role in the Financing Oppression & Profiting from Human Rights

Abuses in Military-Ruled Burma (Myanmar), p. 22-23. Available at http://www.earthrights.org/publications

6

j r e fr m E kj r e fr m E kj r e fr m E kj r e fr m E k di fi Ht wGi f; w & kw f. p dw f0 i fp m;r _di fi Ht wGi f; w & kw f. p dw f0 i fp m;r _di fi Ht wGi f; w & kw f. p dw f0 i fp m;r _di fi Ht wGi f; w & kw f. p dw f0 i fp m;r _ 1 95 4 c kE Sp fwGi f w& kwfE kdi f i HE Si hf j r e fr mE kdi fi Htm; E Sp fE Sp fE kdi fi H + i dr f;c s r f;p Gmtwl, S O fwGJ ae xkdi f a& ; taj c c Hr l} uD; ( 5 ) & y f0 i fy g onfh aus nmp m wr f; ukd y l;w GJo abmw lv ufr S wfa& ; xkd;c Jh on f? ,i f;a us nmc s ufp mwr f ; onf j r e fr mE kdi fi Ht ay : w & kwfE kdi fi H. quf qH a& ;ud k & Si f;vi f; az :j y on fh E kdi fi Ha& ;t awG; tac : wp f& y fj z p fonf? 1 1 Tt aj c c Hr l ( 5 ) & y fr Sm/ 1 ) tc s Ky ftj c mt m%m y kdi fq kdi f r _E Si hf e ,faj r oD;j c m;j z p fr _ ukd tj y e ft vSe fa v;p m;& e f/ 2 ) tj y e ft vSe f& e f+ i dK; r xm;& Sda& ;/ 3 ) E kdi fi H.j y nfwGi f ;ta& ;udp Pr s m;udk 0 i fa& m ufr p Gu fz ufa & ;/ 4 ) we f; wla& ;E Si hf E Sp fO D ; E Sp fz uf t us dK; tj r wf & & Sda& ;E Si hf 5 ) oHwr e f quf qH a& ;j r i fhwi fj c i f;E Si hf/ p D;y Gm; a& ;E Si hf ,O f aus ;r _z vS ,fa& ; p onfw kd@ tay : twl w uG+ i dr f;c s r f;p Gm w nf& Sd a& ; p onfw kd@ j z p fonf? 1 2 E kdi fi H awm fo uf wr f; E ke ,fao ;o nftm ;av# m fp G m ,i f;taj c c Hr l} uD; ( 5 ) & y fonf E kdi fi Hw umr s ufE S mp mwGi f w& kw f E kdi fi H.z GH@ + z dK;wdk ;w ufvmr _ udk ay :v Gi fap o nfh p He r le mtj z p f r D;ar mi f;xk d;j y E kdi fc Jh onf? w+ y dKi fe u f xJwGi f w& kw fE kdi fi Ht wGi f; E kdi fi Hwum .= oZm} uD ;r m vmr _o nf wc g w& H w& kwf E kdi fi H. j y nfwGi f; vlr _a& ;E Si h f E kdi fi Ha& ;y Hkp Hr s m; udk taE Sm uft ,Sufj z p fap c Jhonf ? 1 97 0 c kE Sp f p D;y Gm; a& ;j y nf vnf xlax mi f+ y D;ae m ufy kdi f ;Y w& kw fE kdi fi Ho nf + i dr f;c s r f;p Gmtwl wu G wnf& Sd ae xkdi f a& ;t aj c c Hr l} uD; ( 5 ) & y f. vr f; nGe fr _j z i hf vuf awG@ us o nfh E k di f i Hj c m;a& ;r l0 g ' r s m; udk us i fhoHk ;I E kdi fi HwGi f; p D;y Gm;a& ;E Si hf p ufr _z HG@ + z dK; wkd; wufa& ;udk ar mi f ;E Si f & e f E kdi fi Hwum p D;y Gm;a& ;E Si hf E kdi fi Ha& ;z vS ,fr _r s m;udk wkd;j r i fha qmi f& G ufc Jho nf? 1 3 xkdok d@ j y Kvky f& e f w& kwfE kdi fi H on f tj i i f;y Gm;p & mae & mj z p fo nfh j r e fr mE Si fh p l' e fE kdi fi Hwkd@ ty g t0 i f ur Bm htE SH@ tj y m;wGi f uke f oG ,f a& ;E Si hf & i f;E SD ;j r KwfE SHr _r s m;j y K vky f& e f vr f;z Gi f hvkd uf+ y D; / j y nfwGi f ;j y nfy p D;y Gm ;a& ; ti f tm; aumi f ;r Ge f vmj c i f;tm;j z i hf E kdi fi H a& ;E S i hf vlr _a& ; wn f+ i dr fr _& Sdvm I tj y e ftvSe f t us dK;p D;y G m;r s m; j z p fap r n f [k ,Hk= u nfc Jh= u onf ? w& k wfE kdi fi Hj c m;a& ;r l0 g ' onf tj c m;E kdi fi H.vlr _ a& ; / E kdi fi H a& ;E Si hf wkd ;w ufr _ e nf;A s L [mr s m;tm ; 4 i f;wkd @ ukd,fy kdi f ta& ; om[ k oa bmxm;+ y D; 0 i fa& m ufp Gu f z ufj c i f; r j y Kvky f ay ? 1 4 wnf+ i dr fr _& & Sd& e f tE ke nf;j z i hf a& G;c s ,f ukd ,fwG ,fa j z & Si f;j c i f;onf ur Bm @ = oZ m} uD;E kdi fi H wc k tj z p f + idr f;c s r f;p Gmwkd ;w uf vmon fh w& kw fE kdi fi H. t& nfta wG; wp fc kj z p fo nfr u/ p D ;y Gm;a& ;

1 11 11 11 1

One day prior to signing this agreement with Burma, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai signed the ‘Agreement

between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of India on Trade and Intercourse between Tibet Region of China and India’, in which the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence were first introduced. For more information, see ‘China’s Initiation of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.’ Ministry of

Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, 17 November 2000. http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/ziliao/3602/3604/t18053.htm

1 21 21 21 2 Geng, L. 2006. ‘Sino-Myanmar Relations: Analysis & Prospects.’ In The Culture Mandala, Vol. 7, No.

2. http://www.international-relations.com/CM7-2WB/Sino-Myanmar.htm; & ‘China’s Foreign Policy.’ People’s Daily. http://english.people.com.cn/china/19990914A128.html

1 31 31 31 3 Zou, K. 2003. ‘China’s Possible Role in Myanmar’s National Reconciliation.’ In The Copenhagen

Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 23, p. 62. http://rauli.cbs.dk/index.php/cjas/article/viewFile/13/13 1 41 41 41 4 Ibid.

7

j y Kj y ifaj y mi f;vJr _ j y Kvky f+ y D; uwn f;u & mp kE Sp f oHk;p ka vmuf w& k wfE kdi fi H .} uHKa wG@ & onfh t awG@ t} uHKr s m;ukd vnf ; a& mi fj y e f[y fap c Jh onf ? w& kwfE kdi fi H . t dr fe D ;j c i f;E kd i fi Hwc kj z p fonf hta v# muf j r e fr mE kdi fi Honf a' o wG i f;p D;y Gm; a& ;/ E kdi fi H a& ;E Si fh vlr _ a& ;w nf+ i dr fr _& Sd ap & e f w& kwfE kdi fi H. } udK;y e f;r _udk e n f;A s L [m& y g 0 i fae onf ? xkd@ j y i f t dE Nd, or k' N& mokd@ 0 i fx G uf& e fvr f; a= umi f;j z p fap o nfr u j r e fr mE dki fi HwGi f ;& Sd a& e HE Si fh obm0 " mwfai G@ r s m;/ owW Kvky fi e f ;r s m;/ r y s uf qD; ao; onf hj r p fac s mi f;E Si hf op fawmr s m; p onfh obm0 o,HZm wy p Pn f;r s m;wkd@ a= umi fh j r e fr mE kdi fi Ho nf w & kwfE kdi fi Ht wGuf e ,f aj r E kdi fi Ha& ;t& vGe fp Gm ta& ;y g onf ? + r dK@ j y E Si fh p ufr _vky fi e f ;w [ke f xkd; x Ge f ;um; vmo nfE Si hft wl p Gr f ;ti fE Si hfu ke f= ur f; y p Pnf;r s m; y dkr kdvd kty fvmr _ a= umi fh obm0 o,H Zm w& Smaz Gw l;az :j c i f;o nf w& kwfE kdi fi H twG u f vGe fp Gmta& ;y g vmo nf? txl; oj z i hf w& kwfE kdi fi H onf p Gr f; ti foHk ;p GJr _ wGi f ur Bm hxdy f qHk ;E kdi fi H wp fE kdi fi Hj z p fon fhta v# muf 1 5 j r efr m ha& e HE Si hf obm0 " mwfai G@ t& i f ;tj r p fty g t0 i f awmi f t ar & du/ tmz & d uE Si hf ta& S @ tv,fr S a& e HE Si fh obm0 " mwfai G@ r s m;ukd o ,f ,l& e f t dE Nd, or k' N& m wGi f y kduf vkdi f ;E Sp fc k w nfa qmuf& e fE Si h f tE W& ,fr s m; onfhr m vufc g (Malacca) a& vuf= um ;u k d a& Smi f& Sm;E kdi f& e f twG uf 1 6 w& kwfp Gr f ;ti f& Smaz Ga& ; wG i f j r efr mE kdi fi Ho nf w & kwfE kdi fi Ht wGu f ta& ;} uD; vkdty fo nfh vky f az :ukdi fz ufj z p fap c Jh onf? w& kwfp D ;y Gm;a& ;y l;ay g i f; aq mi f& Gufa& ; ukr %̀ D wc s dK@ o nf p D;y Gm; a& ;E Si fh E kdi fi H a& ;.j c m;e m;r _ u kd & Si f;vi f; ap o nfh + i dr f;c s r f; p Gmtwl, SO fwGJ ae xkdi fa& ; taj c c Hr l} uD; ( 5 ) & y fj z i hf j r e fr mE kdi fi HwGi f; r dr dwkd@ . & i f;E SD;j r Kw fE SHr _r s m; ukd umuG ,faj y m qkdc Jh onf ? “ us ae m“ us ae m“ us ae m“ us ae m fw kd@ o bm0 " mw fai G@ p D;y Gm; a& ;r Sm fw kd@ o bm0 " mw fai G@ p D;y Gm; a& ;r Sm fw kd@ o bm0 " mw fai G@ p D;y Gm; a& ;r Sm fw kd@ o bm0 " mw fai G@ p D;y Gm; a& ;r Sm

a & G;p & mvr f;r & Sdy ga & G;p & mvr f;r & Sdy ga & G;p & mvr f;r & Sdy ga & G;p & mvr f;r & Sdy g bl;bl;bl;bl; / ob m0 " m wfai G@ & Sdw Jha e & m udk oGm ;& r ,f/ ukr %̀ D. tus dK; tj r wft w Gu f / ob m0 " m wfai G@ & Sdw Jha e & m udk oGm ;& r ,f/ ukr %̀ D. tus dK; tj r wft w Gu f / ob m0 " m wfai G@ & Sdw Jha e & m udk oGm ;& r ,f/ ukr %̀ D. tus dK; tj r wft w Gu f / ob m0 " m wfai G@ & Sdw Jha e & m udk oGm ;& r ,f/ ukr %̀ D. tus dK; tj r wft w Gu f p D; y Gm ;a& ;v ky f& wmj z p fw , f/ E kdi fi Ha & ;t wGu fv ky fa e wmp D; y Gm ;a& ;v ky f& wmj z p fw , f/ E kdi fi Ha & ;t wGu fv ky fa e wmp D; y Gm ;a& ;v ky f& wmj z p fw , f/ E kdi fi Ha & ;t wGu fv ky fa e wmp D; y Gm ;a& ;v ky f& wmj z p fw , f/ E kdi fi Ha & ;t wGu fv ky fa e wm r [kw fy g bl;”r [kw fy g bl;”r [kw fy g bl;”r [kw fy g bl;” 1 7

[k w& kwf ur f; vGe f obm0 " mwf ai G@ ukr ` % D (China National Offshore Oil Co-CNOOC) .aj y ma& ;qk dc Gi fh& Sd olu Tok d@ xkwf az :aj y m qdkc Jh o nf? T xkwf az :aj y m qkdc s uftm; j r e fr mE kdi fi Ht wGi f; 4 i f;wkd@ .tc e f; u¾E Si fhp y fvs O f;I a0 z e f & SKwfc s c Hc Jh& on fh Ivanhoe Mines,

1 8 Total,1 9

E Si hf Chevron

1 51 51 51 5 China is currently the world’s second largest consumer of oil, and the fourteenth largest consumer of

natural gas. Statistics for both available at NationMaster. http://www.nationmaster.com/cat/ene-energy 1 61 61 61 6 90% of China’s foreign trade and 80% of China’s energy imports travel through the Straits of Malacca.

Khalid, N. 2006. ‘Security in the Straits of Malacca.’ In Japan Focus. http://japanfocus.org/products/details/2042

1 71 71 71 7 ‘Myanmar Keeps the Wheels on with China’s Help.’ The Wall Street Journal, 24 June 2008.

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121424381094497175.html?mod=googlenews_wsj 1 81 81 81 8

When questioned about Ivanhoe Mines’ role in the Monywa Copper Project in Burma, company

president Dan Kunz stated that Ivanhoe Mines is “not motivated by political considerations…Ivanhoe is in the mining business, not the political business.” McClearn, M. 2002. ‘Ivanhoe Mines Steps into the Crossfire.’ In Canadian Business, Vol. 75, Issue 3. http://www.minesandcommunities.org/article.php?a=863

8

Corporation20 p onfh ta e mufE kdi fi Hr S p D;y Gm ;a& ;y l ;ay g i f;aqmi f& G ufa& ; ukr %̀ Dr s m ;. xkwf az :

aj y mqkdc s ufE Si fh xy fwlj y i fj z p fonf? ,i f;p D;y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f;aqmi f& G ufa& ;ukr ` % D r s m;onf r dr dwk d@ tus dK;p D;y Gm ;t wGuf E kdi fi Ha & ;xuf p D;y Gm ;a& ; ukd ta v;ay ; aqmi f& Guf onfr u/ ae muf q u fw GJ qkd; us Kd;r s m;x uf r dr d wkd@ & i f ;E SD;j r KwfE SHr _.tus dK ;& vm' f r s m;ukd c s D;r Gr f; axmr e mc Jh= uon f? wc s de f wnf; wGi f w& kwf tp kd;& o nf r = umc i fr S j r e fr mE kdi fi H .taj c tae r s m;tay : r d r dwkd@ p kd;& dr fr _r s m; ukd aj y mqkd+ y D;/ j r e fr mE kdi fi HE Si hf oi fhav# m fr nfh' Dr kd ua& p Dv k y fi e f;p O fr s m;udk a& S@ wkd; vky f aqmi f& e f j r e fr m p p ftp dk;& ukd wkdu fwGe f ;c Jha om fv nf; 21 j r efr mE kdi fi Ha & S@ a& ;twG uf tq Hk;tj z wfay ;r nfholr Sm j r e fr mj y nfolvl xkr s m;omj z p f+ y D;/ E kdi fi Hw umt wkdi f; t0 dki f;r [kwf a= umi f; 22 tq ufr j y wf xk w f az :aj y mqk dc Jho nf? j r e fr m E kdi fi HtwGi f ; & i f;E SD ;j r KwfE SH r _j y Kvky fj c i f;on f E Sp fE dki fi H p D;y Gm;a& ; z GH@ + z dK; wkd; wufr _E Si hf a' ow Gi f;p D; y Gm;a& ; / E kdi fi Ha& ;E Si h f vlr _ a& ;w nf+ i dr fr _ukd j r i f@ wi fa y ;j c i f;j z p fovdk / tj y e ftve ft us dK;p D;y Gm ; vn;fj z p fap onf [k w& k wfE kdi fi Hr S & SKj r i fo nf? 23

1 91 91 91 9 Total has created a website to promote the benefits of its continued involvement in the Yadana Gas

Pipeline Project. Available at http://burma.total.com 2 02 02 02 0 ‘Chevron Statement on Myanmar.’ Chevron Website, 2 October 2007.

http://www.chevron.com/news/press/Release/?id=2007-10-02; for more information regarding Chevron, see EarthRights International. 2008. The Human Cost of Energy: Chevron’s Continuing Role in the

Financing Oppression & Profiting from Human Rights Abuses in Military-Ruled Burma (Myanmar). Available at http://www.earthrights.org/publications

2 12 12 12 1 ‘Chinese Dilemma over Burma Protests.’ BBC News, 25 September 2007.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7011746.stm 2 22 22 22 2

‘China backs Dialogue between Myanmar & Aung San Suu Kyi.’ Channel News Asia, 20 November

2007. http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/312543/1/.html 2 32 32 32 3

‘Myanmar Keeps the Wheels on with China’s Help.’ The Wall Street Journal, 24 June 2008.

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121424381094497175.html?mod=googlenews_wsj

9

a & tm ;v# y fp p fu ¾a & tm ;v# y fp p fu ¾a & tm ;v# y fp p fu ¾a & tm ;v# y fp p fu ¾ j r e fr mE kdi fi HtwGi f; xy f q i fhv# y fp p f" mwftm ;ay ;p uf E Si hf v# y fp p f} udK; we f;p Dr H ud e f;r s m;ty g t0 if a& tm;v# y fp p fp Dr H ude f; ay g i f; 63 c k wGi f w& kwfp D ;y G m;a& ; y l ;ay g i f;a qmi f& G uf a& ;ukr ` % Day g i f; te nf; qHk; 4 5 c kc e f@ y g 0 i fy wfo ufc Jho nf? a& ;tm ; v# y fp p fp Dr Hude f;r s m;tm ;vH k; te uf t} uD ;q Hk; p Dr Hude f;r Sm tm& Sz GH@ a& ;b % f. r Jac g i f& y f0 e f; a' oc GJ v# y fp p f} udK; we fuGe f, ufwGi f y g 0 i fr n fh r D* g 0 y f 7 1 0 0 tm;& Sd oHvG i fj r p fay : wm qe f;a& um wmp Dr Hude f ;j z p fonf ? 24

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ r wf v wGi f wm qe f ;a& um wmp D r Hude f;a qm ufvky f a& ; z Gi f h y GJtc e f;te m; us i f;y + y D; umvte nf;i ,f wGi f China Gezhouba Group Co. (CGGC) tr nf& Sd w& kwf ukr %̀ Dr S taj c c Ha q mufvky f a& ;r s m; p wi faq muf vky fc Jh onf?

oHvGi fj r p fa& umwm aqm ufvky f a& ;Y w& k wfE kdi fi H .y g 0 i fy wfoufr _r S m w mqe f;a& umw m wp fc kw nf;r u ay ? 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp fwGi f Sinohydro E Si hf j r e fr mp p ftp dk;& r S xk di f;- j r e fr me ,fp y f r D* g 0 yf 1 2 0 0 tm;& Sd [wf} u D;a& umwmp Dr H ude f; udk t ar & d ue fa' : vm 1 b DvD ,Hj z p f Memorandum of

Understanding (MoU) oabm wlp mc s Ky f oa bmwl vufr S wfa& ; xkd ;c Jho nf? 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ { + y DvwGi f vs uf& Sd Hanergy Holding Group [ k v l odr s m;on hf Farsighted Group ESi hf China

Gold Water Resources Co. ukr %̀ Do nf o HvGi fj r p ftxufy k di f; r D* g 0 y f 2 4 0 0 tm;& Sd a& tm; v# y fp p fp Dr Hude f; aqm ufv ky f & e f j r e fr mp p ftp kd;& E Si hf MoUs oabm wlp mc s Ky f vu fr Swf a& ;xk d; c Jhonf ? ,i f ;ae & mtm ; 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp fwGi f (Yunnan Power Grid Co.) ukr ` % Dr S uGi f ;qi f ; avhvmr _j y Kvky fc Jh onf [k od& Sd& o nf? 2 0 0 8 c kE Sp f/ { + y DvwGi f Sinohydro, China Southern

Power Grid Co., ESi fh China Three Gorges Project Co. ukr %̀ D wkd@ r S oH vGi fj r p f a& tm;v# y fp p fp Dr H ude f; aqm ufvky fE k di fr nfh t vm;t vmr s m;tay : w kd;j r i fhvky fa qmi f& e f twGuf y l;ay g i f;a qmi f& G uf a& ;e nf;A s L [ma bmi f o a bmwl nDc s ufwp fc k ukd oa bmwl vufr S wf a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 25 oH vGi fj r p fay : t} uD ;p m;a& umwm wnfa qm ufa& ; wGi f w& k wfE kdi fi H y g 0 i f y wfou faom fv nf; v# y f p p f" mwftm; tr s m;p kr Sm t dr fe D;j c i f;xk di f;E kdi fi H okd@ a& mi f;xk wfoGm ;r n f j z p fonf?

& Sr f;j y nfe nft wGi f; w& k wfe ,fp y fte D ;& Sd a& $v D ( 1 ) / ( 2 ) E Si hf ( 3 ) a& umwmwGi f r s m;p Gmon fh w& kwfE kdi fi H . y Hhy kd; ulnDr _r s m;udk & & Sdc Jh onf ? 2 0 0 4 c kE Sp f/ az az :0 g & Dv wGi f Yunnan Machinery &

2 42 42 42 4 For more information regarding the Salween River, see Mon Youth Progressive Organization. 2007.

In the Balance: Salween Dams Threaten Downstream Communities in Burma; Shan Sapawa. 2006. Warning

Signs: An Update on Plans to Dam the Salween in Burma’s Shan State; Karen Rivers Watch. 2004. Damming at

Gunpoint: Burma Atrocities Pave the Way for Salween Dams in Karen State; & Salween Watch, Southeast Asia Rivers Network & Center for Social Development Studies at Chulalongkorn University. 2004. The Salween

Under Threat: Damming the Longest Free River in Southeast Asia. All available at http://www.salweenwatch.org/publications.html

2 52 52 52 5 ‘缅甸萨尔温江战略合作框架协议签署 (Salween River Strategic Cooperation Framework Agreement

Signed).’ 金融界, 28 April 2008. http://info.jrj.com.cn/news/2008-04-28/000003585891.html

1 0

Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) r S a& $vD ( 1 ) a& tm ;v# y fp p fvky fi e f;r s m;u dk p wi fvky f ukdi fc Jh onf ? j r e fr mp p ftp kd;& . ai Ga= u;r vHka vmufr _ a= umi fh 26 Yunnan Huaneng

Lancang River Hydropower Development Co. ukr %̀ DE Si hf Yunnan Power Grid Co.

ukr %̀ D wkd@ y l;ay g i f;I 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ = o* kwfv wGi f Yunnan Joint Power Development Co.

(YUPD) u dk xla xmi fc Jh onf? 27

vte nf ;i ,f= um+ y D; ae m uf (YUPD) r S j r e fr mp p f tp kd;& E Si hfy l; ay g i f;I Shweli River I Power

Station Co. ukr %̀ Du dk xlaxmi f+ y D;ae mu f/ p Dr H ud e f;. 8 0 & mc kdi f;E _e f ;udk & ,l+ y D;/ a& $vD ( 1 ) a& umwm ukd Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) tj z p f aj y mi f;vJI xk wfv ky f E kdi fr _p Gr f;tm; udk r D* g 0 y f 4 0 0 &Sd& mr S r D* g 0 yf 60 0 txdwkd ;j r i fhvkd ufo nf? 28

te nf; qHk; Sinohydro ukr %̀ Dc GJE Sp fc kr S p Dr Hude f;t wGu f aq muf vk y fa& ;vky fi e f ;a qmi fwmr s m; udk axm ufy Hhc Jh+ y D ;/ Sichuan Machinery &

Equipment Import & Export Co. ukr %̀ DE Si hf Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co.

ukr %̀ Dr S v# y fp p f" mwftm ; vGwf} ud K;E Si hf " m wfw kdi fr s m; twGuf tar & d ue fa' : v m r DvD,Hr s m;p Gm we fon fh o abm wlp mc s Ky fudk v ufr Sw fa& ; xkd;c Jh o nf? 29 a& $vD ( 1 ) a& tm ;v# y fp p fp uf& Hko n f 2 0 0 9 c kE Sp f/ ZGe f vwGi f t + y D;owfa qm ufvky fr nfj z p f + y D;/ ar v 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f wGi f 4 i f;.a qmuf vky fa& ; vky fi e f;r s m;t m; w 0 ufc e f@ + y D;aj r muf+ y D;j z p fo nf?

uc s i fj y nfe ,ft wGi f; w & kwfp D;y Gm ;a& ;y l ;ay g i f;a qm i f& Gufa& ; ukr %̀ D ay g i f; a wm faw m fr s m;r s m; onf ar c / r vdc E Si h f { & m 0 wDj r p fwav# m ufY } uD;r m;onf ha& um wmay g i f; ( 7 ) c k aqm ufvky f a& ;vky fi e f ;wGi f y g 0 i fy wf ouf+ y D; / ,i f; a& um wmt m;vHk;r S v# y fp p fp Gr f;tm ;ay g i f; 1 3 3 60 r D* g 0 y f xkwf vky fE kdi fr nfj z p fonf ? 3 0 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp fwGi f China Power Investment Co. ukr %̀ Dr S ,i f;

2 62 62 62 6 ‘激战瑞丽江——水电十四局瑞丽江电站截流施工纪实 (Shweli River Fierce Battle-Shweli Dam 14th

Bureau Damming Construction).’ Sinohydro Website, 26 February 2007. http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&COLUMNID=111111&ARTICLEID=117246

07890001 For photographs of construction at the Shweli I Dam site see ‘瑞丽江项目部图库 (Shweli River

Project Bureau Photographs).’ Sinohydro’s 14th

Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 29 June 2007. http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=61&id=394

2 72 72 72 7 ‘中国在缅甸投资的首个水电项目成功截流 (China’s First Hydropower Investment in Burma Successfully

Dammed).’ China Electricity Council, 13 December 2006. http://www.cec.org.cn/news/showc.asp?id=92488; For more information regarding the Shweli Cascade see Palaung Youth Network Group. 2007. Under the Boot. Available in English and Chinese at http://www.salweenwatch.org/brn.html

2 82 82 82 8 ‘瑞丽江电站胜利实现截流 (Shweli River Hydropower Station Triumphantly Blocks Water).’ Sinohydro’s

14th

Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 11 December 2006. http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=3&id=26

2 92 92 92 9 ‘Myanmar Installs More Transmission Lines for New Power Plant.’ Xinhua General News Service, 5 July 2007;

‘About Huyong.’ Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. Website. http://www.hydl-cn.com/en/aboutus.htm [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.] ; &

‘缅甸瑞丽江一级电站工程总承建包合同在昆签字 (Contracts Signed in Kunming for Shweli I Dam).’ Sinohydro’s

14th Engineering Bureau Website, 5 July 2007.

3 03 03 03 0 For more information, see Kachin Development Network Group. 2007. Damming the Irrawaddy. Available

at http://www.salweenwatch.org/brn.html

1 1

a& umwm ( 7 ) c k udk ai Ga= u;a xmufy Hh& e f j r e fr mp p ftp kd;& E Si hf oabm wlv uf r Swf a& ; xkd;c Jh+ y D;/ China Southern Power Grid Co. ukr ` % DE Si hf Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import &

Export Co. (YMEC) wkd@ r S ar c j r p fay : j z p fE kdi f aj c a& tm;v# y fp p fv ky fi e f;r s m; vky fukdi f& e f j r e fr m hp Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD;X me E S i hf MoU o abmw lp mc s Ky fukd 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp fw Gi f v ufr S wfa& ; xdk;c Jh on f? r nfokd@ qkdap ,i f; tp D tp O fr s m;. ta o;p d wf tc s uftv ufr s m;tm; & Si f;vi f; az :j y j c i f; r & Sdao; ay ? Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning, Design & Research tz GJ@ o n f ar c E Si hf r vdc j r p fq HkY j z p fE kd i fz G,f} udK wi fa vhvmr _ wp f c kj y Kvky f+ y D;c Jh+ y D;/ ,i f; avh v mr _tm; China

CAMC Engineering Co ukr %̀ Dr S y g 0 i fy wf o ufc Jho nfr u a' ow Gi f; a& tm;v# y fp p f p Dr Hude f;r s m; ta umi ft x nfaz :& mY vnf ; y g 0 i fy wfoufc Jh onf ?

2 0 0 6 c kE Sp fwGi f p wi fa q mufvky f onf h r E Wav; wkdi f; r S r D* g 0 yf 7 90 tm;& Sd a& 0 a& umwm tm; China Gezhouba Group Co. ukr %̀ D/ Sinohydro ukr %̀ D/ China International Trust and

Investment Co. (CITIC) ukr ` % D/ Technology Co. ukr %̀ D/ China National Electric

Equipment Co. ukr %̀ D/ China National Heavy Machinery Co. ukr ` % DE S i hf Hunan Savoo

Oversea Water and Electric Engineering Co p onfh ukr %̀ Dr s m;ty g t0 i f w& kwfp D;y Gm ;a& ; y l;ay g i f;a qmi f& Guf a& ; ukr ` % Day g i f; a wm fa wm fr s m;r s m;r S ai G a= u; axm ufy Hhc Jh o nf? xkd xufr u p Dr Hude f;t wGu f ae muf x y fvkdty f onfh ai Ga= u ;r s m;ukd China EXIM Bank r S y Hhy kd;ul nDc Jh onf?

a& 0 / a& $ vDE Si hf [ wf} uD ;a & umwmp Dr H ude f; wkd@ tj y i f t} uD; qHk; w& kw fa& um w maqm ufvky f a& ; ukr %̀ Dj z p fo nfh Sinohydro ukr %̀ DE Si hf 4 i f; .ukr ` % Dwkd@ o nf uGe f/ aus m uf/ r Ge f ;/ e r f ;c e fc / ay g i f;avmi f; / wmy de f ( 1 ) / oz e f; qdwfE Si h f aZm f* s D ( 1 ) p onfha& umwmp Dr Hud e f;wkd@ wGi f vn f; y g 0 ify wfo ufc Jh onf ? a& 0 p Dr Hude f;E Si hf tvm ;wl China International Trust and Investment

Co. (CITIC) ukr %̀ DE Si hf China EXIM Bank wkd@ r S oz e f; qdwf a& um w mp Dr Hude f;t wG uf & i f;E SD;j r KwfE SHr _E Si hf ae muf x y fvkdty f onfh ai Ga= u ;r s m;udk y Hhy kd; ulnDc J hon f?

The Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dt m; j r e fr ma& tm;v# y fp p fvky fi e f;u¾ wGi f tw uf= uG qHk; w& kwf ukr %̀ D wp fc kj z p fonf? YMEC

onf 1 9 90 c kE Sp fu wnf ; u Ching Hkran, Chinshwehaw, Dattawgyaing, Hopin, Kunhein,

Kunlon, Kyaing Ton, Kyaukme, Laiva, Mepan, Nam Hkam Hka, Nam Myaw, Nam Wop, Nancho, Paunglaung, Upper Paunglaung, Shweli I, II, III Cascade, Watwon, Zaungtu,

Zawgyi I and II, Zichaung, E Si hf N’Mai Hka p o nfha& umwmp Dr H ud e f;r s m;ty g t0 i f p Dr Hude f;t} uD; t ao; ay g i f; 2 5 c kaus m fwGi f y g 0 i fy wfou fc hJ+ y D;/ & e f uke fr S ' * Hkv# y fp p fp Gr f;ti f X me c GJwGi fv nf;y g 0 i fc Jho nf ? YMEC y g 0 i fy wfoufr _ & Sdonfh Tp Dr H ude f; awm f a wm fr s m;r s m;wGi f + y D;p D;c Jh+ y D;/ 4 i f;w kd@ y g 0 i fy wfo ufr _r Sm & Si f ;vi f ;p G mr od& Sd& a om fv nf; a qmuf vky fa& ;E Si hf ai Ga= u; axm ufy Hha& ;wGi f y kd r kdy g 0 i fr nfj z p fonf?

1 2

a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@ w& kwft} uD; qHk; a& e HE Si hf obm0 " mwf ai G@ ukr ` % Dr s m;j z p f= uonfh Sinopec, China National

Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) E Si hf China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC)

p onfh ukr %̀ Dr s m;ty g t0 i f j r r mE kdi fi HtwGi f ; ur f; vGe fE Si hf uke f; wGi f;y k di f;a& e HE S i hfobm0 " m wfai G@ p Dr Hude f;ay g i f; ( 2 1 ) c k wGi f w& kwfp D ;y Gm;a& ;y l;ay g i f; aq mi f& Gufa& ; ukr %̀ D ay g i f;t e nf; qHk; ( 1 6) c k wGi f y g 0 i fy wfo ufc Jho nf? 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ = o* kwf vwGi f j r e fr mp p ftp kd;& on f & c kdi fj y nf a& $o bm0 " mwfai G@ vky f uGu fr S o b m0 " mwfai G@ r s m;tm; PetroChina ukr %̀ Dok d@ tj c m;aom+ y dKi f bu f ukr %̀ Dr s m;x uf ap s ;e dr fhI a& mi f;xk wfr _tm ; tw nfj y Kc Jh+ y D;/ Tudp P a= umi fh j r e fr m hobm0 " mwfai G@ u¾ wGi f w& k wf .= oZmvGr f ;r kd;r _ udk y kdr kd& Si f ; vi f;ap c Jh onf ? 3 1 CNPC ukr %̀ Don f 4 i f;.ukr %̀ Dc GJj z p f onfh PetroChina ukr %̀ Dtm; & c kdi f ur f;vGe fy i fv, fr S a& e HE Si hf o bm0 " mwf ai G@ vky fuG uf ( 5 ) uGuf twG uf 2 0 0 6 E Si hf 2 0 0 7 c k E Sp fwGi f j r e fr mp p f tp kd;& y kdi f Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) ukr %̀ DE Si fh MOUs oabm wlp mc s Ky f vufr S wfa& ; xdk;c J ho nf? CNOOC E Si hf 4 i f;. ukr %̀ D c GJj z p fonfh China National Oil & Gas

Development Co. (CNODC)/ E Si hf China Oilfield Services Limited (COSL) wk d@ o n f & c kdi fj y nf ob m0 " mwfai G@ vky fuG uf ( 6) uGu ftwG i f; ob m0 " mwfai G@ & Smaz G a& ;E Si hf xkwf vky f a& ;twG uf MoUs oabm wlp mc s Ky fwGi f v ufr Swf a& ; xkd;c Jh onf ? vky fu Guf ( 6) uGufte uf ( 2 ) uGuft wGi f; wGi f CNOOC .y g 0 i fr _r Sm China Huanqiu Contracting and Engineering Co. ukr %̀ DE Si hf Singapore’s Golden Aaron Pet. Ltd. uk r %̀ Dwkd@ y l; ay g i f;y g 0 i fz GJ@ p nf; xm;o nfh Sino-

Singaporean p D;y Gm ;a& ;y l ;a y g i f;aqmi f& G ufa& ; ukr %̀ D wp fc k. tp dwf ty kdi f;r S y g 0 i fc Jhj c i f;j z p fonf? 2 0 0 6 E Si hf 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp fw G i f Sinopec ukr %̀ DE Si hf PetroChina ukr %̀ DE Sp fc kp vHk; & c kdi fy i fv, f ur f;aj c r S obm0 " m wfai G@ & Smaz Ga& ; vky fi e f;r s m; j y Kvk y fc Jhonf [k od& Sd& o nf? 3 2 & c kdi fj y nfvky f uGufr s m;. a e mufuG ,fwGi f Tuyintaung RSF-2, Gwegyo-Ngashandaung RSF-

3, Tetma IOR-3, IOR-4, Indaw-Yenan C-1, and Shwebo-Monywa C-2 p onfhty g t0 i f CNPC onf uke f; ay : vky fuG ufr s m;& Smaz G& e f p Dp O fae onf ? Sinopec rSvnf; p p f ukdi f;E Si hf r auG; wkdi f;& S d uke f; wGi f;y kdi f ; vky fuG uf D wGi f & Smaz Gr _r s m;j y Kvky fc Jh onf? odk@ E Si fhp y f v# i f;I CNOOC

E Si hf 4 i f;.ukr ` % Dc GJr s m;o nf oD ;oe f@ a om fv nf;a umi f;/ Sino-Singaporean p D;y Gm; a& ;y l; ay g i f; aqmi f& G ufa& ; ukr %̀ DE Si hf twly l; ay g i f;I aom fvn f;a umi f; r kw Wr y i fv ,fatm f wGi f; M-2, M-3,

3 13 13 13 1 For more information about the Shwe natural gas block, see Shwe Gas Movement. 2006. Supply &

Command: Natural Gas in Western Burma Set to Entrench Military Rule; & Arakan Oil Watch. The Shwe Gas

Bulletin. Both available at www.shwe.org. 3 23 23 23 2

For more information regarding China’s oil and natural gas activities in Arakan State see Arakan Oil Watch.

2008. Blocking Freedom: A Case Study of China’s Oil & Gas Investment in Burma. Available at www.arakanoilwatch.org

1 3

M-4 E Si hf M-10 p o nfh ur f ;vGe f v ky fuG ufr s m;E Si fh Indaw-Yenan C-1, E Si fh Shwebo-Monywa C-

2. p onfw kd@ wGi f Sinopec E Si fhtwl wuG vky fa qmi f y g 0 ify wfo ufc Jh onf ? avmi fp m& Smaz G wl; az :a& ;E S i hf w+ y dKi fe uf / CNPC E Si hf Sinopec onf j r e fr mE kdi fi HtwGi f; & c kdi f ur f;& kd; we f;r S w& kw fE kdi fi H tae muf awmi fy kdi f ;+ r dK@ r s m;j z p fonfh Kunming okd@ r [kwf Chongqing

+ r dK@ okd@ oG,f we f;r nf h uD vkdr Dwm ay g i f; 2 3 8 0 & Snf vs m;onf h a& e HE Si hf o bm 0 " mwfai G@ y kduf vkdi f ; wnfa qm ufa& ; ukd p Dp O f vky fa qmi fae onf? Sinopec o nf " m wfai G@ y dk ufvkdi f ;wnf aqm uf& e f tar & due fa' :vm ( 1 ) bD vD,H aus m f o abm wlp mc s Ky fukd v ufr Swf a& ;x dk;c Jh+ y D; / CNPC onf vnf; & c kdi fj y nfur f;& dk; we f; r S obm0 " m wfai G@ t= ur f ; okda vSmi f& Hk wnf aqm ufz kd@ twGuf j z p fE kdi f aj c tao;p dwfa vh vmc s ufj y Kvky f& e f j r e fr mp p ftp kd ; & y kdi f Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise

(MOGE) ukr %̀ DE Si h f MoUs oa bmwlp mc s Ky f v ufr Swf a& ;xk d;c Jh onf ? " mwfai G@ y kduf vkdi f ;E Si hf " mwfai G@ t= ur f; okd avSmi f& H k onf t a& S@ tv ,fy kdi f; / awmi ft ar & duE Si hf tmz & duE kdi fi H wkd@ r S w& kwfE kdi fi H okd@ a& e HE Si hf obm0 " mwf ai G@ r s m;tm; wi foGi f;& e f vG,f ulap o nfr u/ Malacca

a& vwf= u m;r Swp fqi hf w & kwfE kdi fi Ho kd@ c ufc Jp Gm wi fy kd@ ae & onfh j y \ e mudktp m ;xkd;& e f vs i fj r e f vG,f ulo nfh a& G;p & m tj c m;e nf; vr f; wp fc kv nf; j z p f vmr nfj z p fo nf?

1 4

o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f; j r e fr m howWK wGi f; vky fi e f; wG i f w& kw fukr %̀ Dwkd@ .y g 0 i f y wfou fr _tm; od& Sd& e f vGe fp Gmc ufc J ovk d/ 4 i f;tr s m;p kon f p Dr H ude f;t ao;p m ;r s m;j z p fo nfr u p p fwy f ti ftm ;r s m;p Gmc s xm;o nfh a0 ;ac g i fon fhaus ; vuf a' owGi f wnf& Sd+ y D; oGm; a& mufI o wi f;r s m;a um uf,l& e fc ufc Jho nfh twGuf a= umi fh ,i f;p Dr H ude f;r s m;o nf vltr s m;p k .p dwf0 i fp m;r _ tm;e nf; c Jhonf ? Kachin

Development Networking Group E Si hf Lahu National Development Organization

tz GJ@ wkd@ xk wfa0 o nfh tp Dc H p mr S r = umr DE Sp fr s m;twG i f;Y & Sr f;j y nfe ,fE Si hf u c s i fj y nftwGi f;& Sd tao;p m ;o wWK wGi f; vky fi e f; p Dr Hude f;r s m; wGi f Northern Star/ Sea Sun Star E Si hf Standing

Company Limited p onfhw& kwf ukr %̀ D wkd@ y g 0 i fy wfoufc Jh a= umi f; az :j y onf? 3 3 xkd@ tj y i f vGe fc Jh onf h 5 E Sp fumvt wGi f; w& k wfp D ;y Gm;a& ;y l ;ay g i f;a qmi f& G uf a& ;ukr ` % Day g i f; ( 1 0 ) c ktm; j r e fr mE kdi fi H owWK wGi f;p Dr H ude f;} uD; ( 6) c kwGi f y g 0 i fy wf ou fc Jha= umi fh ERI r S awG@ & Sdc Jho nf? ‚ i f ;wkd@ te uf t} uD; qHk ;p Dr Hude f;r Sm China Nonferrous Metal Mining Company r S tar & due fa' :vm o e f;ay g i f; 60 0 j z i hf & i f;E SD ;j r KwfE SH+ y D;/ owW Kwe fc s de fa y g i f; oe f; 4 0 xkwf vky fr nf h r E Wav; wkdi f ;& Sd wa umi f;a wmi fo wWK wGi f;j z p fo nf? 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp fwGi f China’s

National Reform and Development Council r S Tp Dr Hu de f;u kd tw nfj y K+ y D;/ j r e fr mp p ftp kd;& owWK wGi f;0 e f} u D;X me r S + y D; p D;xm; onfhp Dr Hude f ;j z p fE kdi f aj c } udKwi f avh vmc s ufud k vufc Hc Jho nf? China EXIM Bank E Si hf China Development Bank r S ai Ga& ;a= u ;a& ; a xmufy HhI China

Nonferrous Engineering & Research Institute r S uae ' g aj c p kduf Hatch t z GJ@ E Si hf y l;ay g i f;I p Dr Hude f;y Hkp H a& ;p GJr _ udk uln D c Jhonf ? ,i f ;w aumi f ;a wmi fp Dr Hude f ;o nf Sino-Burmese ow WK vky fi e f;or kdi f; wc kvHk ;wGi f atmi fj r i fr _ t& SdqH k;y l; ay g i f;vky fa qmi fr _ wp fc ktj z p f c sD;r Gr f;c Hc J h& + y D;/ w& kwftp d k;& E Si hf j r e fr mp p f tp kd;& xdy fy k di f; ac g i f;a qmi f wdk@ p dwf0 i fp m;r _ udk & & Sdc Jho nf? 3 4 c s i f;j y nfe ,f& Sd ar G awmi f o wWKwGi f ;Y & Smaz G a& ;E Si hf j z p f E kdi faj c } udKwi f avh vmr _j y K vky f& e f Kingbao

(Jinbao) Mining Co. ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr mow WKwGi f ;0 e f} uD;X me tr Swf ( 3 ) E Si hf oabm wlv ufr S w f a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? ,i f ;o wWK wGi f;o nf o wWK we fc s de fa y g i f; ( 1 0 ) rDvD,e f we fa us m fy g 0 i fonf[ k 4 i f;wkd@ r S a wG@ & Sdc Jh onf? Kingbao (Jinbao) Mining Co. ukr %̀ Don f Gold Mountain (Hong

Kong) International Mining Co. ukr %̀ DE Si hf Wanbao Mining Co wkd@ ay g i f;p y fo n fh ukr %̀ Dc GJ wp fc kj z p f+ y D;/ ,i f; ukr %̀ D udk 5 0 & mc kdi fE _e f ;p D y kdi fqkdi f= uo nf? Gold Mountain (Hong

3 33 33 33 3 Kachin Development Networking Group. 2007. Valley of Darkness: Gold Mining & Militarization in

Burma’s Hugawng Valley. Available at http://www.kachinnews.com/Valleyofdarkness/ValleyofDarkness.pdf; & Lahu National Development Organization. 2006. Undercurrents: Monitoring Development on Burma’s

Mekong, Issue 2. Available at http://www.shanland.org/articles/environment/2006/Images/Undercurrents2.pdf 3 43 43 43 4 ‘中国有色集团积极推进缅甸达贡山镍矿项目 (CNMC Embarks on Tagaung Taung Nickel Mine Project).’

The State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission (SASAC) of the State Council Website, 16 November 2006. www.sasac.gov.cn/zyqy/gcjz/200611210070.htm

1 5

Kong) International Mining Co. ukr ` % Do nf Zijing Mining Co. uk r %̀ Dc GJwp fc k vHk; u kd y kdi fqkdi f+ y D; / Wanbao Mining Co. ukr %̀ D onf China North Industries (NORINCO) ukr %̀ Dc GJ wp fc kvH kudk y kdi f qkdi f xm;o nf? wl;az :& e fp Dp O fxm; aom tj c m;aom owWK wGi f;p Dr H ude f;r s m;r Sm v ufy Ha wmi f; a= u;e Dow WKwGi f ; y g 0 ifon f? 4 i f; onf p p f ukdi f; wkdi f; / r Hk& Gm+ r dK@ e ,f& Sd r H k & Gma= u;e Dp Dr H ude f;. wwd , & mxm;c s ufj z p f onf? 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ r w fv r S xkwfa0 onfh tp Dc Hp mo nf China Nonferrous Metal Mining Co.

ukr %̀ Dtm ; v ufy Ha wmi f; a= u;e Do wWK wGi f;p Dr H ude f; udk y dki fqkdi fa= umi f;a us nmc Jh+ y D ;/ ,i f; aus nm c Jhonfh tay : u ae ' g E kdi fi H t kdi fA Je f [kd ; (Ivanhoe) owWK ukr %̀ DE Si h f j r e fr m ho wWKwGi f ;0 e f} uD;X m e wkd@ . 3 5 z ufp y fp Dr Hude f; vky fi e f;wGi f vnf; tp k& S, f,my kd i fqkdi fr _ wGi f y g 0 i fE kdi fz G,f& S d onf? r E W av ; wkdi f;r S The Mount Popa Pozzolan Mine udkvn f ; wl ;az :& e fp Dp O f xm;+ y D; / ,i f;p Dr Hu de f;o n f Jiangsu Pengfei Group Co. ukr %̀ Dy g 0 i fa= umi f; 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp fwGi f xkw fj y e fc Jhonf ? Yunnan

Machinery & Equipment Export & Import Co. ukr %̀ D onf & Sr f;j y n fe ,f twGi f; / e r fhwl-abm fw Gi f;o wWK wGi f; vky fi e f ; wl;az :& e f j r e fr mowWKwGi f ;0 e f} uD;X me E Si h f oabm wlp mc s Ky f awm fa wm fr s m;r s m;uk d v ufr Swf a& ;xk d;c Jh+ y Dj z p f+ y D;/ a vmavm q ,fq ,ftc s de f wGi f owW KwGi f ; ae & mw0 dku f ae mu fxy f & Smaz Gr _E Si hf w l;az :r _r s m;j z nfhp Guf vky f udki f& e f n dSE _di f; aqG; aE G; ae on f? ae muf qHk;r Smr l & Sr f ;j y nfe ,ftwGi f; wD* s p fa us muf r D;aoG ;p uf& HkE Si fh o wWKv ky f i e f;r s m;tm; c Ge f; / uabmi f ;E Si hf a& 0 a& tm; v# y fp p fvky fi e f; wGi f y g 0 i fvky fukdi f ae o nfh China National Heavy

Machinery Co. ukr %̀ Dr S vky fukdi f awm h on f? vky fi e f;r s m;tm ;vHk ;r Sm 2 0 0 1 c kE Sp fr S j r e fr m how WKvk y fi e f;tm%my kdi fE Si f h Chinese Ministry of

Land Resources wkd@ t= um; j r e fr m how WKvky fi e f;E S i hf owWK t& i f;tj r p f& Smaz G a& ;E Si hf & i f;E SD ;j r Kw f E SHr _wGi f wdk ;j r i fhvky f aqmi fr _ E Si hf p y fvs O f;on fh oa bm wlp mc s Ky f. ae muf qu fwGJ r S j z p fay :vmj c i f; j z p fonf? 3 6

3 53 53 53 5

In February 2007, Ivanhoe Mines reported that due to requirements of its partnership with Rio Tinto in

Mongolia, the company transferred all of its assets in Burma to an independent trust. Ivanhoe Mines. 2007. Fact File: The Monywa Copper Project. Available at http://www.ivanhoemines.com/i/pdf/Monywa-Fact-File.pdf

3 63 63 63 6 ‘Myanmar’s Coal Production up Sharply in 2005.’ Xinhua News Agency, 13 January 2006.

1 6

j r e fr m ha& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; / a& e HE Si fho bm0 " mw fai G@ v ky fi e f; E Si hf o wWK vky fi e f; uj r e fr m ha& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; / a& e HE Si fho bm0 " mw fai G@ v ky fi e f; E Si hf o wWK vky fi e f; uj r e fr m ha& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; / a& e HE Si fho bm0 " mw fai G@ v ky fi e f; E Si hf o wWK vky fi e f; uj r e fr m ha& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; / a& e HE Si fho bm0 " mw fai G@ v ky fi e f; E Si hf o wWK vky fi e f; u ¾r s m; wGi f ¾r s m; wGi f ¾r s m; wGi f ¾r s m; wGi f y g 0 i fy wfo u fo nfh w& kw fy g 0 i fy wfo u fo nfh w& kw fy g 0 i fy wfo u fo nfh w& kw fy g 0 i fy wfo u fo nfh w& kw f p D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; p m& i f;p D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; p m& i f;p D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; p m& i f;p D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; p m& i f;

a & tm ;v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; u¾a & tm ;v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; u¾a & tm ;v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; u¾a & tm ;v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; u¾

Central China Power Grid Co. (CCPGC)

Central China Power Grid International Economic & Trade Co.

Changjiang Geotechnical Engineering Co.

Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning & Design Research

China CAMC (Construction & Agricultural Machinery Import & Export Co) Engineering Co.

China Datang Group Co.

China Datang Yantan Hydropower Co.

China Export-Import (EXIM) Bank

China Gezhouba Group Co. (CGGC)

China Gezhouba Group (CGGC) International Co.

China Gold Water Resources Co.

China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Co. (CHECC)

CHECC, Kunming Hydroelectric Investigation Design & Research Institute (KHIDI)

CHECC, Mid-South Design & Research Institute

China International Trust & Investment Co. (CITIC) Group

China International Trust & Investment Co. (CITIC) Technology Co.

China National Electric Equipment Co. (CNEEC)

China National Heavy Machinery Co. (CHMC)

China Power Investment Co. (CPI)

China Shanghai (Group) Co. for Foreign Economic & Technological Co-operation Co.

China Southern Power Grid Co. (CSG)

China Three Gorges Project Co. (CTGPC)

Guangdong New Technology Import Export Zhuhai Co.

Guangxi Electric Power Industry Investigation Design & Research Institute

Hanergy Holding Group (formerly China Farsighted Investment Group)

Hunan Savoo Oversea Water & Electric Engineering Co.

Jiangxi Water Programming & Design Institute

Kunming Electric Machinery Co.

Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co.

Shenzhen Menglong Import & Export Co.

Shweli River I Power Station Co.

Sichuan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (SMEC)

Sinohydro International

Sinohydro’s 1st Engineering Bureau

Sinohydro’s 14th

Engineering Bureau

1 7

Sinohydro’s 14th

Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau

State Grid Corporation of China

State Grid Corporation of China, Beijing Electric Power Construction Research Institute

Tianjing ALSTOM Hydro Co.

Yunnan Electric Power Design Institute

Yunnan Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Development Co.

Yunnan Joint Power Development Co. (YUPD)

Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. Ltd. (YMEC)

Yunnan Power Grid Co.

Zhejiang Orient Holding Group

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China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC)

China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) Ltd.

China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) Myanmar

China Oilfield Services Limited (COSL)

China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC)

China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) International

China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) Hong Kong

China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) Huabei Petroleum

China National Oil & Gas Exploration & Development Co. (CNODC)

China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) Sichuan Petroleum Geophysical Prospecting Co.

China Huanqiu Contracting & Engineering Co.

Chinnery Assets

Kai Er Co.

PetroChina

PetroChina International (Singapore) Co. (ChinaOil Singapore)

China Petroleum & Chemical Co. (Sinopec)

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China Development Bank

China Export-Import (EXIM) Bank

China National Heavy Machinery Co. (CHMC)

China Nonferrous Metal Mining Co. (CNMC)

CNMC Nickel Co.

Gold Mountain (Hong Kong) International Mining Co.

Jiangsu Pengfei Group Co.

Kingbao (Jinbao) Mining Co.

Wanbao Mining

Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC)

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w & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 iw & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 iw & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 iw & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 i fy wfo ufo n fh fy wfo ufo n fh fy wfo ufo n fh fy wfo ufo n fh j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; j y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vky fr n fh a& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; / a& e HE Si fho b m0 " mw fai G@ vky fij y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vky fr n fh a& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; / a& e HE Si fho b m0 " mw fai G@ vky fij y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vky fr n fh a& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; / a& e HE Si fho b m0 " mw fai G@ vky fij y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vky fr n fh a& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; / a& e HE Si fho b m0 " mw fai G@ vky fi e f; E Si hf e f; E Si hf e f; E Si hf e f; E Si hf o wWK v ky fi e f; u ¾r s m; o wWK v ky fi e f; u ¾r s m; o wWK v ky fi e f; u ¾r s m; o wWK v ky fi e f; u ¾r s m; aj ry Hkaj ry Hkaj ry Hkaj ry Hk

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a & tm ;v# y fp p fa & tm ;v# y fp p fa & tm ;v# y fp p fa & tm ;v# y fp p f

1. Nam Hkam Hka Dam (5 MW) 2. Khaunglanphu Dam (1700 MW) 3. Phizaw Dam (1500 MW) 4. Lakin Dam (1400 MW) 5. Laiza Dam (1560 MW) 6. Pashe Dam (1600 MW) 7. Chibwe (Chibwi) Dam (2000 MW) 8. Chibwe Nge (Chibwi Nge) Dam (99 MW) 9. Myitsone Dam (3600 MW) 10. Ching Hkran Dam (2.52 MW) 11. Hopin Dam (1.126 MW) 12. Tarpein I Dam (240 MW) 13. Tarpein II Dam (168 MW) 14. Shweli I Dam (600 MW) 15. Shweli I Substation 16. Nam Myaw Dam (4 MW) 17. Shweli II Dam (460 MW) 18. Shweli III Dam (360 MW) 19. Upper Thanlwin/Kunlong Dam(2400 MW) 20. Kunlon Dam (0.5 MW) 21. Chinshwehaw Dam(0.2 MW) 22. Mepan (Meipan) Dam (1.26 MW) 23. Kunhein (Kunheng) Dam (0.15 MW) 24. Mongsan Substation 25. Kyaing Ton (Kengtung) Dam (0.48 MW) 26. Nam Wop Dam (3 MW) 27. Tasang Dam (7100 MW) 28. Kengtawng Dam (54 MW) 29. Zawgyi I Dam (18 MW) 30. Zawgyi II Dam (12 MW) 31. Kyaukme Dam (4 MW) 32. Watwon Dam (0.5 MW) 33. Yeywa Dam (790 MW) 34. Yeywa Substation 35. Dattawgyaing Dam 36. Belin Substation 37. Shwesaryan Substation 38. Thapanseik Dam (30 MW) 39. Zi Chaung Dam (1.26 MW) 40. Laiva Dam (0.96/0.6 MW) 41. Kyeeon Kyeewa Dam (75 MW) 42. Buywa Dam (60 MW) 43. Mone Creek Dam (75 MW) 44. Nancho Dam (40 MW) 45. Upper Paunglaung Dam (140 MW) 46. Paunglaung Dam (280 MW) 47. Thaukyegat I Dam (150 MW) 48. Thaukyegat II Dam (120 MW) 49. Kapaung Dam (30 MW) 50. Phyu Dam (20 MW) 51. Kun (Kunchaung) Dam (60 MW) 52. Yenwe Dam (25 MW) 53. Zaungtu Dam (20 MW) 54. Kyauk Naga Dam (75 MW) 55. Hat Gyi Dam (1200 MW) 56. Rangoon Dagon Substation

v# y fp p f} u dK;v# y fp p f} u dK;v# y fp p f} u dK;v# y fp p f} u dK; vkdi f;vkdi f;vkdi f;vkdi f;

Belin-Meikhtila-Taungtwingyi-Monywa Kengtawng Myaungdagar-Hlaingthagar-Yekyi Rangoon-Yegyi Shweli I-Rangoon/Niyou River (China)

a & tm ;v# y fp p f ( w nf& Sd& ma e & m r o d& Sd& )a & tm ;v# y fp p f ( w nf& Sd& ma e & m r o d& Sd& )a & tm ;v# y fp p f ( w nf& Sd& ma e & m r o d& Sd& )a & tm ;v# y fp p f ( w nf& Sd& ma e & m r o d& Sd& )

Kyauk Dam (Pegu Division) ‘Songpu’ Dam* (7.5 MW) ‘Piaoliang’ Dam* (400 MW)

u ke f; w Gi f;y kdi f; a& e HE Si fho b m0 " mwfa i G@u ke f; w Gi f;y kdi f; a& e HE Si fho b m0 " mwfa i G@u ke f; w Gi f;y kdi f; a& e HE Si fho b m0 " mwfa i G@u ke f; w Gi f;y kdi f; a& e HE Si fho b m0 " mwfa i G@ C-1 Block C-2 Block D Block IOR-3 Block IOR-4 Block L Block M Block RSF-2 Block RSF-3 Block Natural Gas Pipeline Oil Pipeline

u r f; vGe fa& e HE Si hf ob m0 " m wfa i G@u r f; vGe fa& e HE Si hf ob m0 " m wfa i G@u r f; vGe fa& e HE Si hf ob m0 " m wfa i G@u r f; vGe fa& e HE Si hf ob m0 " m wfa i G@ A-1 Block A-3 Block A-4 Block AD-1 Block AD-6 Block AD-8 Block M-2 Block M-3 Block M-4 Block M-10 Block

o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;

Letpadaung Copper Deposit Mount Popa Pozzolan Mine Mwetaung Nickel Deposit Namtu-Bawtwin Mineral Deposit Tagaung Taung Nickel Deposit Tigyit Coal Fired Power Plant and Mine * Name available in Chinese only

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w & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay gw & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay gw & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay gw & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 i fy wfo ufo n fh j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 i fy wfo ufo n fh j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 i fy wfo ufo n fh j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 i fy wfo ufo n fh j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; j y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vky fr n fh a& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f;r s m; aj r y Hkj y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vky fr n fh a& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f;r s m; aj r y Hkj y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vky fr n fh a& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f;r s m; aj r y Hkj y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vky fr n fh a& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f;r s m; aj r y Hk

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w & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 i fy wfo ufo n fh j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; w & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 i fy wfo ufo n fh j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; w & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 i fy wfo ufo n fh j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; w & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 i fy wfo ufo n fh j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; j y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vkj y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vkj y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vkj y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vk y fr n fh a& e HE Si fho b m0 " m wfa i G@ v ky fi e f; E Si hf o wWKv ky fi e f; u¾r s m ; y fr n fh a& e HE Si fho b m0 " m wfa i G@ v ky fi e f; E Si hf o wWKv ky fi e f; u¾r s m ; y fr n fh a& e HE Si fho b m0 " m wfa i G@ v ky fi e f; E Si hf o wWKv ky fi e f; u¾r s m ; y fr n fh a& e HE Si fho b m0 " m wfa i G@ v ky fi e f; E Si hf o wWKv ky fi e f; u¾r s m ; aj r y Hkaj r y Hkaj r y Hkaj r y Hk

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w & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 i fy wfo ufo n fh j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; w & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 i fy wfo ufo n fh j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; w & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 i fy wfo ufo n fh j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; w & kw fp D; y Gm ;a& ;y l; ay g i f; a qmi f& Gu fa& ;u kr %̀ Dr s m; y g 0 i fy wfo ufo n fh j r e fr m E kdi fi Ht wGi f; j y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vky fr n fh a& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; / a& e HE Si fho b m0 " mw fai G@ vky fi e f; E Si hf j y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vky fr n fh a& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; / a& e HE Si fho b m0 " mw fai G@ vky fi e f; E Si hf j y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vky fr n fh a& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; / a& e HE Si fho b m0 " mw fai G@ vky fi e f; E Si hf j y K vky f+ y D; / j y Kvky fae qJE Si hf j y K vky fr n fh a& tm; v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; / a& e HE Si fho b m0 " mw fai G@ vky fi e f; E Si hf o wWo wWo wWo wW K v ky fi e f; u ¾r s m; tus KO f;c s K y fK v ky fi e f; u ¾r s m; tus KO f;c s K y fK v ky fi e f; u ¾r s m; tus KO f;c s K y fK v ky fi e f; u ¾r s m; tus KO f;c s K y f a & tm ;v# y fp p fv ky fi e f;a & tm ;v# y fp p fv ky fi e f;a & tm ;v# y fp p fv ky fi e f;a & tm ;v# y fp p fv ky fi e f; c s i f;j y nfe ,fc s i f;j y nfe ,fc s i f;j y nfe ,fc s i f;j y nfe ,f Laiva ( 0 ' \ r 6 rD* g 0 yf) ( z ve f;+ r dK@ e ,f) 2 6

u c s i fj y nfe ,fu c s i fj y nfe ,fu c s i fj y nfe ,fu c s i fj y nfe ,f c s DbG,f Chibwe (Chibwe) ( 2 0 0 0 rD* g 0 y f) / ar c j r p f (c s DbG,f+ r dK@ e ,f) 2 7 c s DbG,fi ,f Chibwe Nge (Chibwe Nge) ( 99 r D* g 0 y f) / c s DbG,fac s mi f; ( c s DbG, f+ r dK@ e ,f) 2 7 c s i fc e f Ching Hkran (Chying Hkran) ( 2 ' \ r 5 2 rD* g 0 y f) ( c s ifc e f& Gm/ j r p f} uD;e m;+ r dK@ e ,f) 2 8 [kdy i f Hopin ( 1 ' \ r 2 6 r D* g 0 yf) ( r kd;ni f;+ r dK@ e , f) 2 8 aumi fve fz l; Khaunglanphu ( 1 7 0 0 rD* g 0 y f) ar c j r pf ( aumi fve fz l;+ r dK@ e ,f) 2 8 vkdi fZm ( 1 5 60 r D* g 0 y f) ar c j r p f (Sumprabum Township) 2 8 vc i f Lakin ( 1 4 0 0 rD* g 0 y f) ar c j r pf ( c s DbG,f + r dK@ e ,f) 2 8 j r p fqHk ( 3 60 0 r D* g 0 yf) { & m0 wfj r p fqHk 2 8 e r f;c e fc g ; - Nam Hkam Hka ( 5 rD* g 0 yf) / ( y lwmt k d+ r dK@ e ,f) 2 9 y g & SD;-Pashe ( 1 60 0 r D* g 0 y f) ar c j r p f ( c sDbG,f + r Kd@ e ,f) 2 9 z kdi faZm f - Phizaw ( 1 5 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) ar c j r pf ( aumi fv e fz l;+ r dK@ e ,f) 3 0 wmy de f ( 1 ) ( 2 4 0 rD* g 0 y f) wmy de fj r p f ( a' g z ke f,e f+ r dK@ e ,f Dawphoneyan Township) 3 0 wmy de f tr Swf ( 2 ) ( 1 68 r D* g 0 yf) / wmy de fj r p f ( a' g z ke f,e f+ r dK@ e ,f) 3 1

u & i fj y n fe , fu & i fj y n fe , fu & i fj y n fe , fu & i fj y n fe , f [wf} u D; ( 1 2 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) / oHvGi fj r p f 3 1 aomuf a& u wftr S wf ( 1 ) (Thaukyegat-I) ( 1 5 0 r D* g 0 y f) / aomu fa& c g ; ( a' ;vk d; ) j r pf (Thaukyayka (Day Loh) River ) ( xe f;wy i f+ r dK@ e ,f/ y J c l;wkdi f ;) 3 1 aomuf a& u wf tr Swf 2 - Thaukyegat 2 ( 1 2 0 rD* g 0 y f) / aomu fa& c g ; ( a' ;v kd;) j r p f 3 2

r auG; w kdi f;r auG; w kdi f;r auG; w kdi f;r auG; w kdi f; bl;& Gm ( 60 r D* g 0 y f) r Ge f;ac s mi f; ( bl;& Gm / ap wk wW& m+ r dK@ e ,f - Sidoktaya Township) 3 2 aus ;t Hk ; aus ;0 - Kyeeon Kyeewa ( 7 5 r D* g 0 yf) r Ge f;ac s mi f; ( y Gi fhj z L + rdK@ e ,f) 3 2 r Ge f;ac s mi f; ( 7 5 r D* g 0 yf) / r Ge f ;ac s mi f; ( ap wk wW& m+ r dK@ e ,f ) 3 2

r E Wa v ; wkdi fr E Wa v ; wkdi fr E Wa v ; wkdi fr E Wa v ; wkdi f ;;;; " mwfawm f* kdi f; - (Dattawgyaing) ( aus muf q nf+ r dK@ e ,f) 3 3

e e fc s dK ( 4 0 rD* g 0 yf) / e e fc s dKac s mi f; ( y s i f;r e m;+ r dK@ e ,f) 3 3 ay g i f;avmi f; ( 2 8 0 r D* g 0 y f) ( y s if;r e m;+ r dK@ e ,f) 3 4

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txuf ay g i f;avmi f; ( r D* g 0 y f 1 4 0 ) 3 5 0 wf0 e f-Watwon ( 0 ' \ r 5 rD* g 0 y f) ( j y ifO D;vGi f+ r dK@ e ,f) 3 5 a& 0 ( 7 90 r D* g 0 yf) / j r Sp fi ,f ac s mi f; ( aus muf qnf+ r dK@ e ,f) 3 5

y Jc l; wkdi f;y Jc l; wkdi f;y Jc l; wkdi f;y Jc l; wkdi f; uay g i f; - Kapaung ( 3 0 rD* g 0 yf) ( awmi fi l+ r dK@ e ,f) 3 8 c Ge f; - Kun ( cGe f;ac s mi f; - Kunchaung) ( 60 rD* g 0 yf) / p p fawmi f;j r p f ( j z L ;+ r dK@ e ,f) 3 9

aus muf 4 0 aus mufe * g ; ( 7 5 r D* g 0 yf) / a& $us i fac s mi f; ( a& $us i f+ r dK@ e ,f) 4 0 j z L ; ( 2 0 rD* g 0 y f) / j z L ;ac s mi f; ( j z L ;+ rdK@ e ,f) 4 0 aomuf a& u wf ( 1 5 0 r D* g0 y f) / aomu fa& c ( a' ;v kd;) j r pf 4 0 & JE G,f ( 2 5 r D* g 0 yf) / & JE G,f a c s mi f; ( aus mufwHc g ;+ r dK@ e ,f ) 4 0 aZmi f; wl - Zaungtu ( 2 0 r D* g 0 y f) / y Jc l;j r p ftxufy kdi f ; ( wkduf} uD ;& Gm/ y Jc l;+ r dK@ e ,f) 4 1

p p fu kdi f; wkdi f;p p fu kdi f; wkdi f;p p fu kdi f; wkdi f;p p fu kdi f; wkdi f; oz e f;q dwf ( 3 0 r D* g 0 y f) / r lj r p f ( oz e f;qd wf& Gm/ u|e f; vS+ r dK@ e ,f) 4 1 ZD;ac s mi f; - Zi Chaung ( 1 ' \ r 2 6 r D* g 0 yf) 4 2

& Sr f;j y nfe ,f& Sr f;j y nfe ,f& Sr f;j y nfe ,f& Sr f;j y nfe ,f c s i f;a& $a[m f - Chinshwehaw ( 0 ' \ r 2 rD* g 0 y f) 4 2 ude f;a wmi f;( 5 4 r D* g 0 y f) / e r f;wdr f; ac s mi f;-Namtein Creek ( r dk;e J+ r dK@ e ,f-Mone Township) 4 2 uGe f[ de f; ( 0 ' \ r 1 5 rD* g 0 y f) 4 3 uGe fvHk ( 0 ' \ r 5 r D* g 0 yf) 4 3 ude f;a wmi f; ( 0 ' \ r 3 2 / 0 ' \ r 4 8 rD* g 0 y f) 4 3 aus mufr J ( 4 r D* g 0 y f) 4 4 r Jy e f ( 1 ' \ r 2 6 rD* g 0 yf) ( r kdi f;qwf+ r dK@ e , f) 4 4 e r f;ar s m - Nam Myaw ( 4 r D* g 0 yf) 4 4 e r fh[ky f - Nam Wop ( 3 rD* g 0 y f) usdKi f;wH k+ r dK@ e ,f 4 4 a& $vD- 1 ( 60 0 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $vDj r p f ( r e fwuf& Gm / e r fhc r f;+ r dK@ e ,f) 4 4

a& $vD- 2 ( 4 60 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $vDj r p f 4 6

a& $vD- 3 ( 3 60 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $vDj r p f 4 6 wmqe f ; ( 7 1 0 0 r D* g 0 yf) / oHvGi fj r p f 4 6

txuf oHv Gi f ( 2 4 0 0 r D* g0 y f) oHvGi fj r p f 4 7

aZm f* s D ( 1 ) ( 1 8 rD* g 0 y f) / aZm f* s Dj r pf ( & y fap muf+ r dK@ e ,f) 4 8 aZm f* s D ( 2 ) ( 1 2 rD* g 0 y f) / aZm f* s Dj r p f 4 9

p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} u dK ;v kdi f;p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} u dK ;v kdi f;p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} u dK ;v kdi f;p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} u dK ;v kdi f; bD;vi f ;- r dwÎd vm- a wmi f wGi f;} uD ;- r Hk& Gm 4 9 bD;vi f ;p Gr f;ti fp uf& Hk ( a us mufq nf+ r dK@ e ,f / r E Wav; wkd i f;) 5 0 ude f;a wmi f; - Kengtawng v# y fp p f} udK;vkdi f ; ( & Sr f;j y nf e ,f) 5 0

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r kdi f;qe fp Gr f ;ti fp uf& Hk - Mongsan Substation ( & Sr f;j y nfe ,f) 5 0 aj r mi f;wc g ;- v_di f wc g ;- a& = unf (Myaungdagar-Hlaingthagar-Yekyi) 5 0 & e fuke f/ ' * Hkp Gr f; ti fp uf& H k ( & e fuke fwkdi f ;) 5 1 & e fuke f- a& = un f ( & e fuke f wkdi f;) 5 1 a& $vD ( 1 ) p Gr f;ti fp u f& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} udK;vkdi f ; ( & Sr f;j y nf e ,f) 5 1 a& $p m& H p Gr f;ti fp u f& Hk ( au s mufqnf+ r dK@ e , f/ r E Wa v; wkdi f;) 5 2 a& 0 p Gr f;ti fp u f& Hk ( r E Wav ; wkdi f;) 5 2

a e &a e &a e &a e & ma' or s m; r az :j y E kdi fo nfh a& um wmr s m;ma' or s m; r az :j y E kdi fo nfh a& um wmr s m;ma' or s m; r az :j y E kdi fo nfh a& um wmr s m;ma' or s m; r az :j y E kdi fo nfh a& um wmr s m; p Ge fz l; (Songpu) (7 ' \ r 5 r D* g 0 yf) 5 3 ‘Piaoliang’ ( 4 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) 5 3

a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@

& c kdi fj y n f& c kdi fj y n f& c kdi fj y n f& c kdi fj y n f vky fuG uftr S wf (A-1) ( u r f;vGe fa' o) 5 4 vky fuG uf A-3 ( ur f;vGe fa ' o) 5 5 vky fuG uf A-4 ( ur f;vGe fa ' o) 5 5 vky fuG uf AD-1 ( ur f; vGe f a' o/ a& wdr fy kdi f; / y s r f;r # r Dwm 2 0 0 0 ) 5 5

vky fuG uf AD-6 ( ur f;v Ge f a' o a& e ufy kdi f ;/ y s r f;r # r Dwm 2 0 0 0 ) 5 6 vky fuG uf (AD-8) ( ur f ;vG e fa' o/ a& e ufy kdi f; / y s r f;r # r Dwm 2 0 0 0 ) 5 6 vkuf uGuf L ( uke f; wGi f;y kdi f ;) 5 7 vky fuG uf M ( uke f ;wGi f ;y kdi f; / aus mi f;j z L a' o) 5 7

r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f; y k* Hp Dr Hude f; ( uke f;wGi f;y dki f;) 5 7 vky fuG uf IOR-3 ( u ke f; wGi f ;y dki f;/ wufr-Tetma) 5 8 vky fuG uf RSF-2 uke f ;wGi f ; y dki f;/ wl& i f awmi f) 5 8 vky fuG uf RSF-3 ( uke f ;wG i f;y dki f;/ a uG;c s Kd- i & Sr f ;awmi f ) 5 9

r kw Wr ur f; aj cr kw Wr ur f; aj cr kw Wr ur f; aj cr kw Wr ur f; aj c vky fuG uf M-2 ( ur f ;vGe f) 5 9 vky fuG uf M-3 ( ur f; vGe f) 60 vky fuG uf M-4 ( ur f; vGe f) 60 vky fuG uf M-10 ( ur f;v Ge f) 60

y Jc l; wkdi f;y Jc l; wkdi f;y Jc l; wkdi f;y Jc l; wkdi f; j y nfa& e HuG uf 61 vky fuG uf IOR-4 ( uke f ;wGi f ;y dki f;) 61

2 5

p p fu dki f; wkdi f;p p fu dki f; wkdi f;p p fu dki f; wkdi f;p p fu dki f; wkdi f; vkuf uGuf tr Swf C-1 ( uk e f;wGi f;y k di f;/ ti f ;a wm- a& e H) 61 vky fuG uftr S wf C-2 ( uke f; wGi f;y kdi f ;/ a& $ bkd- r Hk& Gm) 62 vky fuG uftr S wf D ( uke f ; wGi f;y kdi f ;/ p p fukdi f;wd ki f;E Si hf r auG; wkdi f;) 63 a& e HE Si hf obm0 " m wfai G@ y kd ufvkdi f ; 63

o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;

c s i f;j y nfe ,fc s i f;j y nfe ,fc s i f;j y nfe ,fc s i f;j y nfe ,f

ar Gawmi f a= u ;j z L 65 p p fu kdi f; wdki f;p p fu kdi f; wdki f;p p fu kdi f; wdki f;p p fu kdi f; wdki f;

vufy Ha wmi f; a= u;e D ( r Hk& G m) 65 & Sr f;j y nfe ,f& Sr f;j y nfe ,f& Sr f;j y nfe ,f& Sr f;j y nfe ,f

wD* s p faus mufr D ;ao G;" mwf tm;p uf& HkE Si hf owW KwGi f ;( 1 2 0 r D* g 0 yf) ( wD* s p f/y i fa vmi f ;+ r dK@ e ,f) 65 e r f;wl- a bm fwGi f ;bd vy faj r / oGy fj y m;/ o wWK wGi f; 66

r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f; waumi f ;a wmi f a= u;j z L owWK wGi f; ( oy d wf us i f;+ r dK@ e ,f) 66 y ky g̀ ;awmi f Pozzolan owWK E Si hf p uf& Hk 67

2 6

a & tm ;v# y fp p fv ky fi e f;a & tm ;v# y fp p fv ky fi e f;a & tm ;v# y fp p fv ky fi e f;a & tm ;v# y fp p fv ky fi e f;

c s i f;j y nfe ,fc s i f;j y nfe ,fc s i f;j y nfe ,fc s i f;j y nfe ,f Laiva ( 0 '( 0 '( 0 '( 0 ' \\\\ r 6 r D* g 0 y f) ( z ve f;+ r dK @ e , f)r 6 r D* g 0 y f) ( z ve f;+ r dK @ e , f)r 6 r D* g 0 y f) ( z ve f;+ r dK @ e , f)r 6 r D* g 0 y f) ( z ve f;+ r dK @ e , f) 1 992 c kE Sp fr S ,i f;p Dr H ude f; udk Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC)

ukr %̀ Dr S vky f ukdi fc Jh on f? 1

u c s i fj y nfe ,fu c s i fj y nfe ,fu c s i fj y nfe ,fu c s i fj y nfe ,f a r c / r vdca r c / r vdca r c / r vdca r c / r vdc E Si hfE Si hfE Si hfE Si hf { & m0 wDa ' o{ & m0 wDa ' o{ & m0 wDa ' o{ & m0 wDa ' o

r vdc j r p fwGi f a& tm; v# y fp p fwnfa qm uf& e f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import &

Export Co. (YMEC) rS j r efr m hv# y fp p fp Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD;E Si hf MoU oabm wlp mc s Ky f vufr Sw ff a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf?

2 j r p fqHkae & mwGi f a& tm; v# y fp p fp Dr Hude f; aqm ufv ky f a& ;E Si hf p p fwr f; aum uf ,lr _r s m;j y Kvky fa& ; aqG; aE G;& e f China CAMC (Construction & Agricultural Machinery Import & Export

Corporation) Co. ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr mp p ftp dk;& ukd ,fp m; vS ,fE Si hf 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp fY Guilin, Guangxi wGi f awG@ qH kc Jho nf?

3 China Southern Power Grid Co. (CSG) ukr %̀ D E Si hf China Power Investment Co. (CPI)

ukr %̀ D onf ar c / r v dc E Si hf { & m0 wDj r p fwGi f a& tm;v# y fp p fp Dr Hude f;u dk y l; wGJa qmuf vky f& e f 2 0 0 7 ckE Sp f/ ar v wGi f y l; a y g i f;aqmu f& Guf a& ;o abm wlnDc s uf udk v ufr Swf a& ; xkd;c Jh onf ?

4

1111 ‘Overseas & Domestic Projects.’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/about_yj.htm 2222 ‘中缅能源合作潜力巨大 (Sino-Burmese Energy Cooperation has Tremendous Potential).’

中国农村水电及电气化信息网, 30 March 2006. http://www.shp.com.cn/show.asp?id=18290; &

‘南方电网中电投将合作支持缅甸水电资源开发 (CSG Investment Supports Development of Burma’s

Hydropower Resources.’ 中国水利水电设备（产品）网，28 May 2007.

http://www.cnhydro.com/info/techdevlop/showContent.asp?id=4036 2222 ‘Prime Minister General Soe Win & Party Visit Guilin.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 6

November 2006. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/06nlm/n061106.htm 3333 ‘中电投：外围突破 迂回入滇 (China Electric Investment: Foreign Breakthroughs Enter Yunnan).’

LRN 资源网, 17 January 2008.

http://www.lrn.cn/invest/enterpriseinfo/enterprisenews/200801/t20080117_189918.htm 5555‘岩滩发电公司首次敲开水电检修国际市场 (Datang Yantan’s First Strike into the International

Hydropower Market).’ Datang Yantan Website, 25 May 2007. http://www.china-cdt.com/news/datangnews/726473.html

2 7

China Datang Yantan Hydropower Development Co. ukr %̀ DE Si hf Shenzhen Menglong Import &

Export Co. ukr %̀ Do nf 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ atmu fwkd b mvwGi f uc s i fj y nfe ,ft wGi f; r D* g 0 y f 60 tm;& Sd a& um wmu dk j y Kj y i f& e f oabmw lp mc s Ky fudk v ufr Swf a& ;xk d;c Jh onf ? 5

c s Db G, f c s Db G, f c s Db G, f c s Db G, f Chibwe (Chibwe) ( 2 0 0 0 ( 2 0 0 0 ( 2 0 0 0 ( 2 0 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) / r D* g 0 y f) / r D* g 0 y f) / r D* g 0 y f) / ar c j r p far c j r p far c j r p far c j r p f ( c s Db G, f+ r dK@ e ,f)( c s Db G, f+ r dK@ e ,f)( c s Db G, f+ r dK@ e ,f)( c s Db G, f+ r dK@ e ,f) China Power Investment Co. (CPI) ukr %̀ Dr S ,i f;a& umwm udkw nfa qmuf& e f 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp fwGi f MoU oabm wl p mc s Ky f vufr Swf a& ;xd k;c Jh onf?

6

c s Db G, fc s Db G, fc s Db G, fc s Db G, f i , fi , fi , fi , f Chibwe Nge (Chibwe Nge) ( 99 r D* g 0 y f) / ( 99 r D* g 0 y f) / ( 99 r D* g 0 y f) / ( 99 r D* g 0 y f) / c sDb G, fa c s mi f;c sDb G, fa c s mi f;c sDb G, fa c s mi f;c sDb G, fa c s mi f; ( c s Db G, f+ r dK@ e ,f)( c s Db G, f+ r dK@ e ,f)( c s Db G, f+ r dK@ e ,f)( c s Db G, f+ r dK@ e ,f) China Power Investment Group Co. (CPI) ukr ` % DE S i hf j r e fr m hv# y fp p fp Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD;X me tr S wf ( 1 ) r S 2 0 0 8 ckE Sp f/ az az :0 g & DvwGi f ,i f;a& tm ;v# y fp p fp uf& Hk wnf aqm uf & e fE Si hf p Gr f;ti f xkwf vky fa& ;y p P nf; ud& d ,m r s m;y Hhy kd;ul nD& e f o abm wlp mc s Ky f c s Ky fqkdc Jh onf ? ,i f;p Gr f; ti fp uf& Hk onf j r p f qHkj r p fa& um wm E Si hf ar c / r vdc E Si hf { & m0 wDj r p fay :& Sdtj c m; aom a& umwm aqm uf vky fa& ; twG uf p Gr f ;tm; r s m;y Hhy kd;& e fj z p fonf ? 7 w& kwf- j r e fr mtz GJ@ r Sj y Kvky f onfh j z p fE kdi f aj c avhvmr _tm; 2 0 0 8 c kE Sp f E Sp fuke fy kdi f; wGi f + y D;p D;r nf [k ar s m fvi fhonf ? 8 Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning & Design Research tz GJ@ ESi hfh 4 i f; ukr %̀ Dc GJj z p fo nfh Changjiang Geotechnical Engineering Co. ukr %̀ Dr S 2 0 0 8 c kE Sp f E Sp fO D;y kdi f; wGi f p p fwr f;a umu f ,lj c i f;E Si hf p p fa q;r _v ky fi e f; r s m; j y Kvky fc Jhonf ? 9 China Gezhouba Group Co. (CGGC) ukr %̀ D onf aj r o m;E Si fh oHx nfa qmuf vky fa& ; vky fi e f;tm ;a qmuf vky f& e f E Si hf vay g i f; 3 2 vp mt wGuf p Gr f ;ti fy p Pnf ;ud& d, mr s m; wy fqi f& e f 2 0 0 8 c kE Sp fwGi f China Power Investment Group Co. (CPI) ukr %̀ DE Si h f o abmwl vufr Sw f a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf?

1 0

6666 ‘Burma Committed to Building more Hydropower Plants.’ BBC Financial Times Information, 7 May

2007. 7777 Ibid. 8888 ‘Kachin Hydropower Study due in December.’ The Myanmar Times, 24 March 2008.

http://www.mmtimes.com/no411/b002.htm 9999 ‘岩土地质公司领导慰问缅甸地质人员(Geotechnical Engineering Co. Consoles Burma Geotechnical

Staff).’ Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning & Design Research Website, 21 March 2008. http://www.cjwsjy.com.cn/News/Company/200803215182.htm

9999 ‘缅缅缅缅缅缅缅缅缅缅缅缅缅缅缅缅 (Burma Myitsone and Chibwe Hydropower Plant Construction).’ CGGC

Website, 25 July 2008. http://www.cggc.cn/info_show.asp?type=&UidA=1071&UidB=1078&id=3687

2 8

c s i fc e f c s i fc e f c s i fc e f c s i fc e f Ching Hkran (Chying Hkran) ( 2 '( 2 '( 2 '( 2 ' \\\\ r 5 2 r D* g 0 y f) ( c s i fc e f& Gm / j r p f} u D;e m ;+r 5 2 r D* g 0 y f) ( c s i fc e f& Gm / j r p f} u D;e m ;+r 5 2 r D* g 0 y f) ( c s i fc e f& Gm / j r p f} u D;e m ;+r 5 2 r D* g 0 y f) ( c s i fc e f& Gm / j r p f} u D;e m ;+ r dK@ e ,f)r dK@ e ,f)r dK@ e ,f)r dK@ e ,f) Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S ,i f;p Dr Hu de f;tm ; 1 991 c kE Sp fwGi f a qm uf vky fc Jho nf? 1 1 r kd;} uD; xe f& Gm oGe f;r _a= umi fh 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f / Zlvkdi f v ( 1 1 ) & ufae @ wGi f ,i f ;a& u mw m + ydKvSJy s uf qD ;c Jho nf? 1 2

[ kdy i f[ kdy i f[ kdy i f[ kdy i f Hopin ( 1 '( 1 '( 1 '( 1 ' \\\\ r 2 6 r D* g 0r 2 6 r D* g 0r 2 6 r D* g 0r 2 6 r D* g 0 y f) ( r kd; ni f;+ r dK@ e ,f)y f) ( r kd; ni f;+ r dK@ e ,f)y f) ( r kd; ni f;+ r dK@ e ,f)y f) ( r kd; ni f;+ r dK@ e ,f) 1 990 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S ,i f;p Dr Hu de f;u kd aq muf vk y fc Jhonf ? 1 3

a umi fve fz l;a umi fve fz l;a umi fve fz l;a umi fve fz l; Khaunglanphu ( 1 7 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) ar c( 1 7 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) ar c( 1 7 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) ar c( 1 7 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) ar c j r p fj r p fj r p fj r p f ( aum i fve fz l;+ r dK@ e ,f)( aum i fve fz l;+ r dK@ e ,f)( aum i fve fz l;+ r dK@ e ,f)( aum i fve fz l;+ r dK@ e ,f) 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ar vw Gi f China Power Investment Co. (CPI) ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr mhp Gr f ; ti f0 e f} uD;X me E Si hf MoU oabmw lp mc s Ky f vufr Swf a& ;xk d;c Jh onf ? 1 4

v kdi fZ m ( 1v kdi fZ m ( 1v kdi fZ m ( 1v kdi fZ m ( 1 5 60 r D* g 0 y f) ar c5 60 r D* g 0 y f) ar c5 60 r D* g 0 y f) ar c5 60 r D* g 0 y f) ar c j r p fj r p fj r p fj r p f (Sumprabum Township)

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ar vw Gi f China Power Investment Co. (CPI) ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr mp Gr f; ti f0 e f} uD;X me E Si hf MoU oabmw lp mc s Ky f vufr Swf a& ;xk d;c Jh onf ?

1 5 v c i f v c i f v c i f v c i f Lakin ( 1 4 0 0 r D* g 0y f) ar c( 1 4 0 0 r D* g 0y f) ar c( 1 4 0 0 r D* g 0y f) ar c( 1 4 0 0 r D* g 0y f) ar c j r p fj r p fj r p fj r p f ( c s Db G, f + r dK@ e , f)( c s Db G, f + r dK@ e , f)( c s Db G, f + r dK@ e , f)( c s Db G, f + r dK@ e , f)

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ar vw Gi f China Power Investment Co. (CPI) ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr mp Gr f; ti f0 e f} uD;X me E Si hf MoU oabmw lp mc s Ky f vufr Swf a& ;xk d;c Jh onf ? 1 6

j r p fq Hk ( 3 60 0 r D* g 0 y f) { & m0 wD j r p fq Hkj r p fq Hk ( 3 60 0 r D* g 0 y f) { & m0 wD j r p fq Hkj r p fq Hk ( 3 60 0 r D* g 0 y f) { & m0 wD j r p fq Hkj r p fq Hk ( 3 60 0 r D* g 0 y f) { & m0 wD j r p fq Hk 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ ' DZi fbm v ( 1 ) & ufae @ wGi f China Power Investment Co. (CPI) ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr m h p Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD;X me E Si h f MoU oa bmwlp mc s Ky f vuf r Swfa& ; xkd;c J hon f? 1 7 j r p fqHka& umwm t

1 11 11 11 1 ‘Overseas & Domestic Projects.’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/about_yj.htm; &

‘Chimranrkha Hydropower Station (Myanmar).’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/en/hpp/Project_jcc.htm

1 21 21 21 2 ‘Dam Burst Kills Five in Northern Burma’s Kachin State.’ Democratic Voice of Burma, 11 July 2006.

http://six.pairlist.net/pipermail/burmanet/20060712/000989.html [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.]

1 31 31 31 3 ‘Overseas & Domestic Projects.’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/about_yj.htm

1 41 41 41 4 ‘Burma Committed to Building more Hydropower Plants.’ BBC Financial Times Information, 7 May

2007. 1 51 51 51 5

Ibid. 1 61 61 61 6 Ibid.

2 9

wGuf & i f ;E SD;j r K wfE SHr _u dp P& y fr s m;aqG; aE G;& e f 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & Dv wGi f j r e f r mp Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD; tr Swf ( 1 ) r S China Power Investment Co. (CPI) ukr %̀ D / China’s National Development &

Reform Council ESi hf tp nf;t a0 ;wp f& y f us i f;y c Jho nf? 1 8 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ { + y D vwG i f (CPI) ukr %̀ D

E Si hf j r e fr mE dki fi Hw& k wfoH& H k; wdk@ r S { & m0 wDj r p fa& umw maqm ufvky f a& ;tm ; p Dp O f xm;o nfhtc s de f xufap m+ y D; a qm ufvky fc Jh a= umi f; xk wfj y e fc Jho nf? 1 9 Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning, Design & Research tz G J@ r S j r p fqHka' otw Gi f; 5 v= um j z p fE kdi faj c avhv mr _r s m;ukd aqmi f& Guf+ y D;p D ;c Jh onf? 20

e r f; c e fc g ; e r f; c e fc g ; e r f; c e fc g ; e r f; c e fc g ; ---- Nam Hkam Hka ( 5 r D* g 0 y f) / ( y lw mt kd+ r dK@ e ,f( 5 r D* g 0 y f) / ( y lw mt kd+ r dK@ e ,f( 5 r D* g 0 y f) / ( y lw mt kd+ r dK@ e ,f( 5 r D* g 0 y f) / ( y lw mt kd+ r dK@ e ,f )))) 1 992 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S ,i f;p Dr Hu de f;u dk vky f ukdi fc Jh onf? 21 Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering Bureau onf Tp Dr Hu de f;u dk E kdi fi H wu m p Dr Hude f; wp fc ktj z p f owfr S wfc Jho nf? ,i f;p Dr H ude f;tm ; a qmuf vky f+ y D;p D ;c Jh+ y D;/ 4 i f;r S aqm ufv ky fa & ;vky fi e f;r s m; u dk axmufy Hho nf [k ,l q& onf? 22

y g & SD;y g & SD;y g & SD;y g & SD;-Pashe ( 1 60 0 r D* g 0 y f) ar c( 1 60 0 r D* g 0 y f) ar c( 1 60 0 r D* g 0 y f) ar c( 1 60 0 r D* g 0 y f) ar c j r p fj r p fj r p fj r p f ( c sDb G, f + r Kd@ e ,f)( c sDb G, f + r Kd@ e ,f)( c sDb G, f + r Kd@ e ,f)( c sDb G, f + r Kd@ e ,f) 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ar vw Gi f China Power Investment Co. (CPI) ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr mp Gr f; ti f0 e f} uD;X me E Si hf MoU oabmw lp mc s Ky f vufr Swf a& ;xk d;c Jh onf ? 23

1 71 71 71 7 ‘集团公司与缅甸第一电力部签署开发缅甸水电项目谅解备忘录 (CPI & Burma Ministry of Electric

Power No. 1 Sign MoU to Develop Burma’s Hydropower).’ CPI Website, 29 December 2006. http://www.cpicorp.com.cn/news.do?cmd=show&id=71604

1 81 81 81 8 ‘国家法改委副主任张国宝会见缅甸联邦第一电力部长 (CPI, China NDRC & Burma Ministry of

Electric Power 1 Meet).’ CPI Website, 22 January 2007. http://www.cpicorp.com.cn/news.do?cmd=show&id=71688

1 91 91 91 9 ‘‘缅甸恩迈开讲，迈立开江及伊洛瓦底江流域水电开发施工电源电站前期工程开工 (N’Mai Hka,

Mali Hka & Irrawaddy River Project Begins Principal Construction).’ CPI Website, 3 May 2007. http://www.cpicorp.com.cn/news.do?cmd=show&id=73584; &

‘缅甸“三江”流域开发施工电源站前期工程开工 (‘Three Rivers’ Confluence Hydropower Plant

Begins Principal Construction).’ The Economic & Commercial Counselor’s Office of the Embassy of the

People's Republic of China in Myanmar Website, 11 May 2007. http://mm.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/jmxw/200705/20070504656153.html

2 02 02 02 0 The original link to this news report is no longer functional; however, a description of its content is

included in ‘Junta Ignore Pleas to Stop Myitsone Hydropower Project.’ Kachin News Group via Salween

Watch Website, 14 June 2007. http://salween-watch2.livejournal.com/tag/myitsone+kachin+dams 2 12 12 12 1

‘Overseas & Domestic Projects.’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/about_yj.htm 2 22 22 22 2 ‘Domestic & Overseas Projects.’ Sinohydro 14

th Engineering Bureau Website.

http://www.fcbmis.com/English/Overseas%20Projects.htm

3 0

z kdi fz kdi fz kdi fz kdi f a Zm fa Zm fa Zm fa Zm f - Phizaw ( 1 5 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) ar c( 1 5 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) ar c( 1 5 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) ar c( 1 5 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) ar c j r p fj r p fj r p fj r p f ( aumi fve fz l;+ r dK@ e ,f)( aumi fve fz l;+ r dK@ e ,f)( aumi fve fz l;+ r dK@ e ,f)( aumi fve fz l;+ r dK@ e ,f)

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ar vw Gi f China Power Investment Co. (CPI) ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr mp Gr f; ti f0 e f} uD;X me E Si hf MoU oabmw lp mc s Ky f vufr Swf a& ;xk d;c Jh onf ? 24

w my de f ( 1 ) ( 2 4 0 r D* g 0 y f) w my de fj r p f ( a' g z ke f, e f+ r dK@ e , fw my de f ( 1 ) ( 2 4 0 r D* g 0 y f) w my de fj r p f ( a' g z ke f, e f+ r dK@ e , fw my de f ( 1 ) ( 2 4 0 r D* g 0 y f) w my de fj r p f ( a' g z ke f, e f+ r dK@ e , fw my de f ( 1 ) ( 2 4 0 r D* g 0 y f) w my de fj r p f ( a' g z ke f, e f+ r dK@ e , f Dawphoneyan Township)))) 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ p ufwi f bm vwGi f y l; wGJ vky fa qmi f& e f twGuf Central China Power Grid Co.

ukr %̀ Dr S o abm wlp mc s Ky f vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J ho nf? 25

Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering Bureau and the Dali Sub-bureau of Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering

Bureau tz GJ@ r S 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ' DZi fbm v z Gi fhy G Jtc e f;t e m;wGi f ukd ,fp m;j y Kw ufa & mufc Jho nf? 26

,i f;a& umwm tm; 2 0 0 8 c kE Sp f/ p ufwi f bmv wGi f p wi faq muf vky fI 2 0 1 0 c kE Sp f/ ZGe fv wGi f + y D;p D;r nf [k c e f@ r Se f;on f? 27

China Datang Group Co., Central China Power Grid

International Economic & Trade Co. E Si hf Jiangxi Water Programming & Design Institute.

p onfh ukr ` % Dr s m;r S , i f;p Dr Hude f ;twG uf ai Ga= u ;& i f;E SD;j r Kw fE SHr _r s m; axm ufy Hhay ;c J ha= umi f ; Sinohydro . tpD& i fc Hp mr S az :j y c Jhonf? 28 2 0 0 8 ckE Sp f/ r wfv wGi f China Datang Group Co. ukr %̀ Dr S wmy de ftr S wf ( 1 ) a& umwm twGuf w& kwf ,Gr fai G 1 ' \ r 6 bDvD,H & i f;E Si f;j r K wfE SHr _j z i hf p Dr Hude f; udky kdi f qkdi f c Jhonf ? 29

2 32 32 32 3 ‘Burma Committed to Building more Hydropower Plants.’ BBC Financial Times Information, 7 May

2007. 2 42 42 42 4 Ibid. 2 52 52 52 5 ‘缅甸总理考察华中电网 鄂缅有望扩大电力开发合作 (Burma Premier Reviews CCPG, Hubei &

Burma Hope to Expand Electricity Development Cooperation).’ 湖北日报, 4 November 2006.

http://www.cnhubei.com/200611/ca1198075.htm [Thanks for Courier Research Associates for providing this link.]

2 62 62 62 6 ‘缅甸太平江水电站主体工程开工 (Burma Tarpein Hydropower Plant Principal Work Begins).’

Sinohydro’s 14th

Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 31 December 2007. http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=37&id=737 For extensive photographs of construction at the

Tarpein Dam see ‘太平江电站项目部图库(Tarpein River Power Plant Project Bureau Photographs).’

Sinohydro’s 14th

Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 20 December 2007. http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=61&id=683

2 72 72 72 7 Ibid.

2 82 82 82 8 Ibid.

2 92 92 92 9 ‘Datang to Take Controlling Stake in Myanmar Hydropower Plant.’ Morning Star-Dow Jones, 4 March

2008...http://news.morningstar.com/newsnet/ViewNews.aspx?article=/DJ/200803040541DOWJONESDJONLINE000

209_univ.xml [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link. Note: this article does not explicitly name the Tarpein I Dam, however see Courier Research Associates. ELECTRIC INDUSTRY OF BURMA/MYANMAR ON-LINE COMPENDIUM for reference. Available at http://burmalibrary.org/docs2/myanmar-elec.pdf ]

3 1

w my de f tr Sw f ( 2 ) ( 1 68 r D* g 0 y f) / wmy de fj r p f ( a' g z ke f, e f+ r dK@ e ,f w my de f tr Sw f ( 2 ) ( 1 68 r D* g 0 y f) / wmy de fj r p f ( a' g z ke f, e f+ r dK@ e ,f w my de f tr Sw f ( 2 ) ( 1 68 r D* g 0 y f) / wmy de fj r p f ( a' g z ke f, e f+ r dK@ e ,f w my de f tr Sw f ( 2 ) ( 1 68 r D* g 0 y f) / wmy de fj r p f ( a' g z ke f, e f+ r dK@ e ,f - Dawphoneyan Township)))) Central China Power Grid Co. ukr ` % Do nf 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp fwGi f j r p ftx ufy kdi f ; 9 uDvkdr Dwmc e f@ & Sd wmy de ftr Sw f ( 1 ) p Dr H ud e f;vky fi e f; .wkd ;w ufr _taj c tae tay : tp nf ;ta 0 ;w& y fus i f;y + y D; ae muf ,i f;p Dr H ude f; aqm ufvky f a& ;udp PtwG uf j r e f r mhp Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD ;tr Sw f ( 1 ) E Si hf tr Sw f ( 2 ) wkd@ E Si hf awG@ qHka qG; aE G;c Jh o nf?30

u & i fj y n fe , fu & i fj y n fe , fu & i fj y n fe , fu & i fj y n fe , f

[ w f} uD; ( 1 2 0 0 [ w f} uD; ( 1 2 0 0 [ w f} uD; ( 1 2 0 0 [ w f} uD; ( 1 2 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) / o Hv Gi fj r p fr D* g 0 y f) / o Hv Gi fj r p fr D* g 0 y f) / o Hv Gi fj r p fr D* g 0 y f) / o Hv Gi fj r p f 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ ZGe fvw Gi f , i f;p Dr Hude f ;twG uf Sinohydro r S xdki f;E kdi fi H EGAT E S i hf j r e fr mp p ftp kd;& E Si hf tar & due fa' :vm 1 bDvD,H MoU oa bm wlp mc s Ky f vufr S wfa& ; xdk; c Jhonf ? 3 1 rlvY Tp Dr Hu de f;u dk Sinohydro r S 4 0 & mc kdi fE _e f;/ EGAT r S 5 0 & mc kdi fE _e f;toD ;oD ;y kdi f qkdi f+ y D; / us e fon fh & mc kdi fE _e f;tm; j r e fr mp p ft p dk;& r S y kdi fq kdi ffc Jh onf? okd@ a p umr l EGAT O uUX E Si hf awG@ qH k+ y D;ae mu f ,i f;p Dr Hu de f;wp fc kvHk ;udk Sinohydro r S xde f;c s Ky f xm;a= umi f; 2 0 0 8 c kE Sp f/ r wfv wGi f Sinohydro

xkwfj y e fo nfh w& m ;0 i ft p D& i fc Hp mr S az :j y c Jhonf ? 3 2

a oa oa oa o m ufa & u wfm ufa & u wfm ufa & u wfm ufa & u wf t r Sw f t r Sw f t r Sw f t r Sw f (((( 1111 ) () () () (Thaukyegat-I) ) ) ) ( 1 5 0 r D* g 0 y f) / a omu fa& c g ; ( a' ; vkd; ) j r p( 1 5 0 r D* g 0 y f) / a omu fa& c g ; ( a' ; vkd; ) j r p( 1 5 0 r D* g 0 y f) / a omu fa& c g ; ( a' ; vkd; ) j r p( 1 5 0 r D* g 0 y f) / a omu fa& c g ; ( a' ; vkd; ) j r p f f f f ((((Thaukyayka (Day Loh) River ) ) ) ) ( xe f; wy i f+ r dK@ e ,f/ y Jc l; w kdi f; )( xe f; wy i f+ r dK@ e ,f/ y Jc l; w kdi f; )( xe f; wy i f+ r dK@ e ,f/ y Jc l; w kdi f; )( xe f; wy i f+ r dK@ e ,f/ y Jc l; w kdi f; )

,i f;a& umwm tm; E kdi fi H wuma& tm;v# y fp p fp Dr H ud e f;wp fc ktj z p f Changjiang Institute of

Surveying, Planning & Design Research r S 4 i f; .0 y fqkd' f ay :wGi f az :j y + y D;/ ,i f;p Dr Hude f ;u kd Asia World Co. ukr %̀ DE S i hf y l;ay g i f;aq muf vky fc Jh o nf?

3 3

3 03 03 03 0

‘华中电网公司经贸代表团赴缅甸进行工作访问 (CCPGC Team Visits Burma).’ CCPGC Website, 7

December 2006. http://202.110.186.75:8080/pub/huazhong/gjjldt/t20061207_10006.htm 3 13 13 13 1 ‘怒江--萨尔温江哈吉水电站合作开发备忘录签字仪式在京举行(MoU Signing Ceremony for the Nu-

Salween River Hatgyi Hydropower Project).’ 承包劳务频道:中国对外承包工程商会, 27 June 2006.

http://chinca.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/tpxw/200606/20060602530559.html 3 23 23 23 2 ‘EGAT Signs Deal with Sinohydro to Develop 600 MW Hydro Project in Myanmar.’ Global Power

Report, 20 July 2006; & ‘泰国产电机构总裁访问中国水电集团 (President of Thai EGAT Visits

Sinohydro).’ Sinohydro Website, 11 March 2008. http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&COLUMNID=111111&ARTICLEID=12052265380001

3 33 33 33 3 ‘立足长江 走向世界—枢纽处坝工一室发展纪实 (Building from the Changjiang, Moving Toward the

Global Dam Sector).’ Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning & Design Research Website, 30 January 2008. http://www.cjwsjy.com.cn/News/Company/200801304996.htm

3 2

a om ufa & u wf tr Sw f 2a om ufa & u wf tr Sw f 2a om ufa & u wf tr Sw f 2a om ufa & u wf tr Sw f 2 ---- Thaukyegat 2 ( 1 2 0 r D* g0 y f) / a om ufa & c g ; ( a' ;v kd;) j r p f( 1 2 0 r D* g0 y f) / a om ufa & c g ; ( a' ;v kd;) j r p f( 1 2 0 r D* g0 y f) / a om ufa & c g ; ( a' ;v kd;) j r p f( 1 2 0 r D* g0 y f) / a om ufa & c g ; ( a' ;v kd;) j r p f ar v 2 0 0 8 r S az az :0 g & Dv 2 0 0 9 t xd a& vGJ a j r mi f;aqm ufvky f a& ; vky fi e f; ax mufy Hh& e f twGuf The Dali Sub-bureau of Sinohydro’s 14 Engineering Bureau r S Asia World Co.

ukr %̀ DE Si hf o abm wlv uf r Swfa& ; xkd;c J hon f? 3 4

r auG; w kdi f;r auG; w kdi f;r auG; w kdi f;r auG; w kdi f; b l;& Gmb l;& Gmb l;& Gmb l;& Gm ( 60 r D* g 0 y f) r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( b l;& Gm / ( 60 r D* g 0 y f) r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( b l;& Gm / ( 60 r D* g 0 y f) r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( b l;& Gm / ( 60 r D* g 0 y f) r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( b l;& Gm / ap w kwW& map w kwW& map w kwW& map w kwW& m + r dK@ e ,f+ r dK@ e ,f+ r dK@ e ,f+ r dK@ e ,f - Sidoktaya Township))))

2 0 0 4 ckE Sp fwGi f j r p ftx ufy kdi f; r Ge f; ac s mi f;a& um wmr S 1 3 r dki fc e f@ & Sd tar & due fa' : vm 2 0 r DvD,H we fo nfhf Tp Dr H ud e f;twG uf Guangdong New Technology Import Export Zhuhai Co.

ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr m hp kdufy s Kd ;a& ; E Si hf a& aj r mi f;0 e f} uD;X me E Si hf vufr Swf a& ;x kd;c Jh onf ? 3 5

a us ; t Hk; ausa us ; t Hk; ausa us ; t Hk; ausa us ; t Hk; aus ;0 ;0 ;0 ;0 ---- Kyeeon Kyeewa ( 7 5 r D* g 0 y f) r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( y Gi fhj z L + r dK@ e ,f)( 7 5 r D* g 0 y f) r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( y Gi fhj z L + r dK@ e ,f)( 7 5 r D* g 0 y f) r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( y Gi fhj z L + r dK@ e ,f)( 7 5 r D* g 0 y f) r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( y Gi fhj z L + r dK@ e ,f) 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp fwGi f Guangdong New Technology Import Export Zhuhai Co. ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr mhp Gr f;ti f 0 e f} uD;X me E Si hf a us ;t Hk; au s ;0 a& tm;v# y fp p fp Dr Hu de f; aqm ufvky f a& ;t wGuf O a & my ,l& dkai G 1 3 r DvD,H tm; oab mwl v ufr Swf a& ;xk d;c Jh onf ? 3 6 ,i f;p Dr Hude f ;on f r Ge f; ac s mi f; a& tm;v# y fp p f p uf& Hktw Guf j y Kvky f onf h j z p fE kdi faj c avh vmc s uftm; tm ;us ap c Jh onf ? 3 7

r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( 7 5 r D* g 0 y f) / r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( ap wkw W& m+ r dK@ e ,f)r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( 7 5 r D* g 0 y f) / r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( ap wkw W& m+ r dK@ e ,f)r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( 7 5 r D* g 0 y f) / r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( ap wkw W& m+ r dK@ e ,f)r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( 7 5 r D* g 0 y f) / r Ge f; ac s mi f; ( ap wkw W& m+ r dK@ e ,f) China International Trust & Investment Co. (CITIC) Technology Co. ukr ` % Do nf ,i f ;p Dr Hude f ; udk China EXIM Bank a xmufy Hh onf h tar & d ue fa ' :vm 3 2 r DvD ,HE Si hf twl aqm ufvky fc J h onf? 3 8

r Ge f;ac s mi f;a& tm ; v# y fp p fp uf& Hk. t" dua& umwmtm ; 2 0 0 4 c kE S p f/ ' DZi f bmv

3 43 43 43 4

‘缅甸Thaukyegat(2)水电站导流隧洞工程施工 (Thaukyegat II Hydropower Plant Diversion Tunnel

Project Construction).’ Dali Sub-Bureau of Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering Bureau Website, 28 April 2008.

http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=29&id=932 3 53 53 53 5 Maung Aung Myoe. 2007. ‘Sino-Myanmar Economic Relations Since 1988.’ Working Paper Series No.

86, Asia Research Insittute, National University of Singapore. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs2/MmEcoRelations.pdf; & ‘Information Sheet: No. D-3570(1).’ Myanmar Information Committee, Yangon, 20 January 2005. http://www.myanmar-information.net/infosheet/2006/060130.htm

3 63 63 63 6 ‘緬甸Kyeeon Kyeewa水电站项目签约 (Agreement Signed for Burma Kyeeon Kyeewa Hydropower

Plant Project).’ Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China Department of Asian Affairs

Website, 28 December 2006. http://big5.mofcom.gov.cn/gate/big5/yzs.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/zcfb/200612/20061204166259.html

3 73 73 73 7 Platts. 2007. Platts Myanmar Country Energy Profile. [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for

providing this document.] 38

‘China-Contracted Myanmar Hydropower Plant Put into Service.’ Xinhua News Agency, 18 June 2006.

3 3

uwn f;u p wi fc Jh+ y D;/ 4 i f; onf tj r Si fh 60 r Dwm/ t& Snf 1 3 1 7 r Dwm& SdI p kd ufy s dK;a& ; aj r { u ay g i f; 1 0 8 0 0 0 ukd vHkavm ufp Gm j z e f@ a0 ay ;E kdi fr nfj z p f onf? 3 9 Sinohydro’s 1st Engineering Bureau r S p Gr f; t m;xkw fvGi fhp ufwy fqi f& e f twGuf w& kw f ,Gr fai G 3 4 r DvD ,H axm ufy Hh+ y D;/ 2 0 0 0 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i f bmvw Gi f Sinohydro r S ,i f;a& tm ;v# y fp p f p uf& Hkxde f ;odr f ;a& ; twG uf oabm wlv ufr S wfa& ; xkd ;c Jhon f? 4 0

2 0 0 4 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i f bmvw Gi f 7 2 e m& D= umonfh y xr t} udr f p ufp r f ;ow fr _udk a tmi fj r i f+ y D;/ 2 0 0 5 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fbmv wGi f p wi fI vky fi e f; vn fy wfE kdi f r nf[k c e f@ r Se f;c Jh onf ? 4 1

r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f;

" m wfa wm f* kdi f;" m wfa wm f* kdi f;" m wfa wm f* kdi f;" m wfa wm f* kdi f; ---- (Dattawgyaing) ( a us mu fq nf+ r dK @ e ,f)( a us mu fq nf+ r dK @ e ,f)( a us mu fq nf+ r dK @ e ,f)( a us mu fq nf+ r dK @ e ,f) ,i f;p Dr Hu de f;u dp Ptw Guf 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fbm v wGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment

Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀Dr S Guilin, Guangxi wGi f j r e fr m hp p ftp kd; & ukd, fp m;vS , f tz GJ@ E Si fh aw G@ qHkp um;aj y m c Jhonf ? 4 2 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fbmvw Gi f ,i f ;p Dr Hu de f; twGuf y p Pnf ; ud& d,mr s m; a xmufy Hh& e f YMEC r S j r efr m hp Gr f;t i f0 e f} uD;X me tr Swf ( 1 ) E Si hf oabmw l vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J ho nf? 4 3

e e fc s dK ( 4 0 r D* g 0 y f) / e e fc s dK ac smi f; ( y s i f;r e m;+ r dK@ e ,f)e e fc s dK ( 4 0 r D* g 0 y f) / e e fc s dK ac smi f; ( y s i f;r e m;+ r dK@ e ,f)e e fc s dK ( 4 0 r D* g 0 y f) / e e fc s dK ac smi f; ( y s i f;r e m;+ r dK@ e ,f)e e fc s dK ( 4 0 r D* g 0 y f) / e e fc s dK ac smi f; ( y s i f;r e m;+ r dK@ e ,f) ,i f;p Dr Hu de f;u dp Ptw Guf 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fbm vwGi f YMEC ukr %̀ Dr S Guilin, Guangxi wGi f j r e fr m hp p ftp kd;& u kd,fp m ; vS,ftz GJ@ E Si fh a wG@ qH kp um ;aj y mc Jhon f? 4 4 2 0 0 8 c kE Sp f/ { + y Dv wGi f YMEC ukr %̀ DE Si hf Kunming Electric Machinery Co. (KEM) ukr %̀ Dwkd@ r S ,i f ;p Dr Hude f; twG u f

39

‘Government to Generate 2,000 more Megawatts during 5 Year Plan Thanks to Mone Creek Multipurpose Dam, Dry Pwintbyu Plain can Now Increase Irrigated Areas.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 30 December 2004. http://burmalibrary.org/docs2/NLM2004-12-30.pdf [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.]

4 04 04 04 0 ‘缅甸德畔赛及孟和水电站 (Burma’s Thapanseik & Mone River Hydropower Plants).’ Sinohydro

Website. http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=29&COLUMNID=11509592350001 4 14 14 14 1

‘缅甸孟河电站首台机组投入运行 (First Generator at Burma’s Mone Hydropower Plant Operational).’

Sinohydro Website, 27 December 2004. http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&COLUMNID=111111&ARTICLEID=11474944380001

4 24 24 24 2 ‘Prime Minister General Soe Win & Party Visit Guilin.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 6 November 2006.

http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/06nlm/n061106.htm 4 34 34 34 3 ‘Minister for Electric Power No 1 Receives President of YMEC.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 30

November 2007. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/07nlm/n071130.htm [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.]

4 44 44 44 4 ‘Prime Minister General Soe Win & Party Visit Guilin.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 6 November 2006.

http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/06nlm/n061106.htm

3 4

r D* g 0 y f 2 0 tm;& Sd p Gr f ;tm; ay ;p uf 2 c kE Si hf vkdty f o nfh p u fr _y p Pnf ;r s m;axm ufy Hh& e f oabm w l vufr S wf a& ;x kd;c Jh onf ? 4 5

a y g i f;a vmi f; ( 2 8 0 r D* g 0 y f) ( y s i f;r e m;+ r dK@ e ,f)a y g i f;a vmi f; ( 2 8 0 r D* g 0 y f) ( y s i f;r e m;+ r dK@ e ,f)a y g i f;a vmi f; ( 2 8 0 r D* g 0 y f) ( y s i f;r e m;+ r dK@ e ,f)a y g i f;a vmi f; ( 2 8 0 r D* g 0 y f) ( y s i f;r e m;+ r dK@ e ,f) 1 998 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S Tp Dr Hu de f;t wGuf o ab mwlv ufr Swf a& ; xkd;c Jho nf? 4 6 YMEC .az :j y c s uft& tj r Si hf 1 3 1 r Dwm/ t& Snf 94 5 r Dw m & Sdonfh ay g i f;a vmi f;p Dr H ud e f;tm; w& kwf tp kd;& r S t ar & due fa' : vm 1 7 0 r DvD,e f a xmufy Hhc Jh+ y D;/ CHECC Kunming Hydroelectric Investigation Design &

Research Institute E Si hf Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering Bureau wkd@ r S a qm uf vky fa& ; vky fi e f; twGuf a xm ufy Hhc Jh onf? 4 7 Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. ukr %̀ Dr S ay g i f;a vmi f;p Dr H ude f; twGuf j r e fr m h p Gr f;ti fp uf& H k0 e f} uD;X me . oabm wlnDc s u fj z i fh 2 3 0 uDv kd0 y ftm;& S d p Gr f; ti fvG J aj y mi f;r _ v# y fp p f } udK;wk di fukd a qm ufvky fc J h onf? 4 8 Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering Bureau r S 2 0 0 2 E Si hf 2 0 0 4 c kE Sp f wGi f a& tm;v# y fp p fp uf& Hk twGuf p Gr f; ti fud& d ,mE S i hf p ufy p P nf;r s m;wy f qi fa & ; ur f; vr f;c s uf udk & ,l vufc Hc Jh+ y D; / 2 0 0 4 c kE Sp f E Sp fuke fy kdi f;Y r D* g 0 y f 7 0 tm;& Sd p Gr f;ti fp u f& Hk 4 c kte uf/ 3 c kr Sm vky fi e f;vS, fy wfae + y D; j z p fonf? 4 9

w& kwf ukr %̀Dr S ai Ga= u;t& axm ufy Hh onfh Tp Dr Hude f ;tm; v uf& Sd vk y fi e f;vS, fy w f ae + y Dj z p fonf? 50

4 54 54 54 5

缅甸南雀水电站主机设备制造合同正式签订 (Burma Nancho Hydropower Plant Primary Equipment

Agreement Signed)’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/news/news_19.htm 4 64 64 64 6

‘Overseas & Domestic Projects.’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/about_yj.htm; &

‘我国在东南亚承建的最大水电站将开始全面发电 (China’s Largest Dam in Southeast Asia Begins

Producing Electricity).’ Sinohydro Website, 24 February 2005. http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&COLUMNID=111111&ARTICLEID=114715371200

4 74 74 74 7 ‘Brief Introduction of Paunglaung HPP.’ YMEC Website.

http://www.ymec.com.cn/en/hpp/project_pl.htm; & Platts. 2007. Platts Myanmar Country Energy Profile. [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this document.]

4 84 84 84 8 ‘About Huyong.’ Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. Website. http://www.hydl-

cn.com/en/aboutus.htm [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.] 4 94 94 94 9 ‘经受住考察无愧于祖国 (Put to the Test, the Paunglaung Hydropower Plant Shines for the

Motherland).’ Sinohydro 14th

Engineering Bureau Website, 20 May 2005. http://www.fcbmis.com/sd_nm/2005/5-20/164412.html

5 05 05 05 0 ‘缅甸最大水电站首台机组成功运行发电 (First Generator at Burma’s Largest Hydropower Plant

Successfully Becomes Operational).’ Sinohydro Website, 4 August 2004. http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&COLUMNID=111111&ARTICLEID=1147153

7000061; & ‘我国在东南亚承建的最大水电站将开始全面发电 (China’s Largest Dam in Southeast Asia

Begins Producing Electricity).’ Sinohydro Website, 24 February 2005. http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&COLUMNID=111111&ARTICLEID=114715371200

3 5

t x ufay g i f; a vmi f; ( r D* g 0 y f 1 4 0 )t x ufay g i f; a vmi f; ( r D* g 0 y f 1 4 0 )t x ufay g i f; a vmi f; ( r D* g 0 y f 1 4 0 )t x ufay g i f; a vmi f; ( r D* g 0 y f 1 4 0 ) Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S ay g i f;avmi f; a& um wmt xufy kdi f ; uD vkdr Dw m 2 4 tuGmc e f@ wGi f r D* g 0 y f 7 0 tm;& Sd p Gr f;t i f p uf& Hk 2 c kudk a xmufy H h& e f j r e fr m hp p ftp kd;& E Si hf ta r & due fa' : 8 0 r Dv D,H o abmwl vufr Sw f a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 51

0 wf0 e f0 wf0 e f0 wf0 e f0 wf0 e f-Watwon ( 0 '( 0 '( 0 '( 0 ' \\\\ r 5 r D* g 0 y f) ( j y i fO D; vGi f+ r dK@ e , f)r 5 r D* g 0 y f) ( j y i fO D; vGi f+ r dK@ e , f)r 5 r D* g 0 y f) ( j y i fO D; vGi f+ r dK@ e , f)r 5 r D* g 0 y f) ( j y i fO D; vGi f+ r dK@ e , f) Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S ,i f;p Dr Hude f ; u dk j y e fvnfj y Kj y i fa& ;t wGuf a xmufy Hh& e f 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f / E kd0 i fbm vwGi f j r e fr m hp G r f;ti f0 e f} uD;X me tr Swf ( 1 ) E Si fh oa b mwlv ufr Swf a& ; xkd;c Jh onf ?52 ,i f; a& tm; v# y fp p fp uf & Hktm; 1 93 0 c kE Sp fwGi f wy f qi fc Jh onfhp Gr f ;tm;p u f E Sp fvHk;& S do nf? 53

a & 0 ( 7 90 r D* g 0 y f) / j r Sp fi ,fa c s mi f; ( aus m ufq n f+ r dK@ e , f)a & 0 ( 7 90 r D* g 0 y f) / j r Sp fi ,fa c s mi f; ( aus m ufq n f+ r dK@ e , f)a & 0 ( 7 90 r D* g 0 y f) / j r Sp fi ,fa c s mi f; ( aus m ufq n f+ r dK@ e , f)a & 0 ( 7 90 r D* g 0 y f) / j r Sp fi ,fa c s mi f; ( aus m ufq n f+ r dK@ e , f) 2 0 0 4 c kE Sp fwGi f China International Trust & Investment Co. (CITIC) Technology Co.

ukr %̀ DE Si hf Sinohydro International wkd@ r S z ufp y f xm;o nfh y l ;ay g i f;a qmi f& G ufa& ;tz GJ@ wp fc kr S j r e fr m hv# y fp p fp Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD ;X me E Si fh tar & d ue fa' : v m 1 2 6 r DvD,H we fz kd;& Sd aqm ufvky f a& ; oabm wlp mc s Ky f v ufr S wfa& ; xkd;c Jh on f? 54

,i f;p m c s Ky ftm; 1 97 ' \ r 5 r D* g 0 yftm;& Sd v# y fp p fp Gr f;tm; xkwf vGi fhp uf 4 vHk; / v# y fp p fvGJ aj y mi f;ud& d, mE Si hf p ufy p Pnf ;ud& d ,mr s m;y g 0 i f+ y D;/ China EXIM Bank r S a i Ga= u;r s m; axm ufy Hh& e f ur f;vr f ;c Jho nf? 55

2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fbmv wGi f CITIC Technology Co. ukr %̀ Dr S o Hx nfj z i fha qmuf vky fr n fha& tm ;v# y f p p f xky fvky f a& ; ta= umi f;t m;a qG; aE G;& e f j r e fr m0 e f} uD;c s Ky fp dk;0 i f;E Si fh a wG@ qHkc Jh onf ? 56

5 15 15 15 1 ‘Myanmar Signs US$ 80 Million Hydropower Deal with China’s Yunnan Machinery.’ Xinhua

Financial, 5 September 2005. 5 25 25 25 2 ‘Minister for Electric Power No 1 Receives President of YMEC.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 30

November 2007. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/07nlm/n071130.htm [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.]

5 35 35 35 3 ‘General Maung Aye Inspects Construction of Nanmyint Tower in National Kandawgyi Gardens in

PyinOoLwin.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 4 September 2002. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/02nlm/n020904.htm#1_

5 45 45 45 4 ‘Chinese Companies to Build Burmese Hydropower Projects.’ BBC World Monitoring, 2 September

2005. 5 55 55 55 5

‘集团公司最大机电设备成套出口合同--缅甸耶瓦水电站机电及金结合同签署 (Sinohydro Signs its

Largest Machinery & Generator Export Contract for Burma’s Yeywa Project).’ Sinohydro Website, 17 December 2004. http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&COLUMNID=111111&ARTICLEID=11471464260025

5 65 65 65 6 ‘Prime Minister General Soe Win & Party Visit Guilin.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 6 November 2006.

http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/06nlm/n061106.htm

3 6

China Gezhouba Group Co. (CGGC) ukr %̀ Dr S 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp fwGi f vay g i f; 4 6 v= umo nfh ,i f; a& umwm t" d ua qmuf vky fa& ; vky fi e f;r s m;t wG uf tar & due fa' : vm 4 63 2 0 0 0 0 oabm wlp mc s Ky f vufr Sw fa& ; xkd; c Jhonf ? 57 aqmufvky f a& ;v k y fi e f;tqi f h 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 ESi hf tqi fh 8 r Sm + y D;p D;c Jh+ y D;/ 58 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ ' DZ i fbmvw Gi f r Dwm 5 0 0 & Snf uGe f u& p fy dk@ aq mi fo nfhbD ;wkdi f tm; wy fqi f+ y D;I vky fi e f ;r s m;p wi fvS ,fy wfE kdi fc Jho nf? 59

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ { + y Dvt wGi f; Y a& umw m b,fz u fj c r f;wGi f tj r i fh 1 2 4 ' \ r 4 rDwm/ nmbu fj c r f;tj r i fh 1 0 9 ' \ r 4 r Dwm j r i fhwi f& e f vdk ty fo nfhuG e fu& p fr s m;tm; 4 0 & mc dki f E _e f; a vmi f;+ y D;c Jh+ y D;j z p fo nf ?60

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f / ' DZi fbmv wGi f a& v GJaj r m i f; 1 E Si fh 2 tm;aqmuf vky f+ y D;p D;c JhI u Ge fu& p fa& vGJr nfh t aqm u f tO D;E Si fh tz Gi fhty dw faj r uGuft m;aj r om ;z dk@ + y D;p D;c Jhy g onf? 61 ,i f;a qmu fvky f a & ;vky fi e f; tm; 2 0 0 8 E Sp f/ ' DZi f bmv wGi f t+ y D;o wfa qmuf vky f& e f owfr S wfx m;o nfhtc s de f xuf E Sp f w0 u f c e f@ ap mI + y D;p D;r nfj z p fa= umi f; CGGC xk wfa0 o nfhtp D& i fc Hp mr S az :j y o nf? 62

2 0 0 7 c kE Spf twGi f; wGi f China EXIM Bank r S udk ,fp m; vS,fr s m; E Si fh/ 2 0 0 8 E Sp ftwGi f ;wGi f 63 qGDZm ve fE kdi fi H COLENCO Power Engineering Co. ukr %̀ D. ukd ,f p m;vS, fr s m; vma& m ufp p faq;c J ha= umi f ; vnf; Ttp D& i fc Hp mr S az : j y onf? 64

5 75 75 75 7

‘缅甸耶涯电站碾压混凝土大坝开仓浇筑 (Roller-compacted Concrete Pouring Begins at Burma’s

Yeywa Hydropower Plant).’ CGGC Website, 6 June 2006. http://www.gzbgj.com/article.asp?id=449 5 85 85 85 8

‘缅甸耶涯项目完成一期砼浇筑任务 (Phase I Concrete Pouring at Yeywa Project Completed).’ CGGC

Website, 6 June 2006. http://www.gzbgj.com/article.asp?id=445; ‘缅甸耶洼项目部开展立功劳动竞赛

(Yeywa Project Bureau Launch Labor Competition).’ CGGC Website, 10 October 2006.

http://www.gzbgj.com/article.asp?id=711; & ‘缅甸耶洼项目部举行5&7期碾压砼施工提前完工庆典

(Celebration for the Early Completion of Yeywa Project Phases V & VII).’ CGGC Website, 16 February 2007. http://www.gzbgj.com/article.asp?id=745.

5 95 95 95 9 ‘缅甸耶洼水电站供料线贵通运行 (Burma’s Yeywa Hydropower Plant Concrete Supply Line is

Functional).’ CGGC Website, 5 December 2006. http://www.gzbgj.com/article.asp?id=726 6 06 06 06 0 ‘缅甸耶洼大坝RCC浇筑突破百万立方米 (CGGC Yeywa Project Dept. Hit 1 million m3 RCC).’

CGGC Website, 18 April 2007. http://www.gzbgj.com/article.asp?id=782 6 16 16 16 1 ‘Senior General Than Shwe Inspects Myogyi Multi-purpose Dam Project, Yeywa Hydropower Project.’

The New Light of Myanmar, 13 December 2007. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/07nlm/n071213.htm [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.]

6 26 26 26 2 ‘缅甸耶洼项目部：碾压混泥土月浇筑创新高 (图) (Burma Yeywa Project Bureau: New Innovations

in RCC Pouring).’ CGGC Website, 16 October 2007. http://www.gzbgj.com/article.asp?id=881; & Vice President of China Exim Bank Visited Yeywa HPP in Myanmar, CGGC Website, 27 March 2008. http://www.gzbgj.com/english/article.asp?id=841

6 36 36 36 3 ‘中国进出口银行副行长李郡考察缅甸耶涯水电站 (China EXIM Bank Inspects Yeywa Hydropower

Plant).’ CGGC Website, 28 February 2008.

http://www.gzbgj.com/article.asp?id=993&tab=znews&word=缅甸 6 46 46 46 4 ‘缅甸水电一部部长赞CGGC最有实力 (Burma’s Ministry of Electric Power 1 Praises CGGC).’ CGGC

Website, 18 September 2006. http://www.gzbgj.com/article.asp?id=689; & ‘缅甸总理梭温视察耶涯工程 (Burmese Prime Minister Soe Win Inspects the Yeywa Hydropower Project).’ CGGC Website, 27 September 2006. http://www.gzbgj.com/article.asp?id=705

3 7

2 0 0 4 c kE Sp f/ r wfvw Gi f China National Electric Equipment Co. (CNEEC) ukr %̀ Dr S a& 0 p Dr Hude f; twG uf a& u mwm0 i fay g ufa qm ufvky f & e f j r e fr mp p ftp kd;& E Si hf MoU oa bmw l p mc s Ky f vufr Swfa& ;xkd ;c Jh onf? 65 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fbmvw Gi f CNEEC ukr ` % Dr S p ufy p Pnf ; ud& d,m axm ufy Hha& ;udp Pr s m;aq G;aE G ;& e f j r e fr m hp p ftp kd;& ukd ,fp m; vS ,fE Si hf Guilin, Guangxi

wGi f awG@ qHkc Jh onf? 66 Sinohydro’s 1st Engineering Bureau r S y p P nf;u d& d,mE Si hf oH xnft aqm uftO D;r s m ; wy fqi f& e f 2 0 0 4 c kE Sp f/ ar vwGi f China National Electric Equipment Co. (CNEEC)

ukr %̀ DE Si hf o abm wlv uf r Swf a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 67 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fbm vwGi f Sinohydro E Si hf j r e fr m hp p ftp kd;& ukd ,fp m; vS ,ftz GJ@ wkd@ r S p Gr f ;ti fx kwf vky f& e fv nfy wfr nfh ( wm y dki f) p ufr s m;E Si fh v# y fp p f" mwftm; xkw fvGi fh p ufr s m; y kd@ aqmi fa& ;udp P a qG;aE G;c Jh onf? 68 Hunan Savoo Oversea Water & Electric Engineering Co. ukr ` % Dr S HSS1 twGuf avvH qGJ onf htc s de fwGi f & ,lc Jho nf? 69 a& 0 a& tm; v# y fp p fp uf& Hkr S v# y fp p fp Gr f;tm;j z e f@ j z L ;a& ; wGi f y g 0 i fy wfo ufo nfh Beijing Electric

Power Construction Research Institute of State Grid Corporation of China, Central

China Power Grid Co. ukr %̀ D / China National Heavy Machinery Co. (CHMC) ukr %̀ DE Si hf China Power Grid Co. ukr %̀ Dwdk@ E Si hf p y fvs O f;ta= umi f; t& mr s m;od& Sdvkdy g u

a & 0 v# y fp p fp Gr f; tm ;p uf& Hkc GJ a & 0 v# y fp p fp Gr f; tm ;p uf& Hkc GJ a & 0 v# y fp p fp Gr f; tm ;p uf& Hkc GJ a & 0 v# y fp p fp Gr f; tm ;p uf& Hkc GJ wGi f = unfh& _& e f?

6 56 56 56 5

‘Chinese Companies to Build Burmese Hydropower Projects.’ BBC World Monitoring, 2 September

2005 6 66 66 66 6

‘Prime Minister General Soe Win & Party Visit Guilin.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 6 November 2006.

http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/06nlm/n061106.htm 6 76 76 76 7

‘中国水电一局九分局注重国际建筑市场开发 (Sinohydro 1st Engineering Bureau, 9th Branch’s

International Market Developments).’ Sinohydro Website, 17 January 2007. http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&ARTICLEID=11471537840078&COLUMNID=11424148920001&CHCOLUMNID=11443003710001&GSCOLUMNID=-1

6 86 86 86 8 ‘Prime Minister General Soe Win & Party Visit Guilin.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 6 November 2006.

http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/06nlm/n061106.htm 6 96 96 96 9 ‘公司简介 (Brief Introduction).’ Hunan Savoo Oversea Water & Electric Engineering Co. Website.

http://www.hhpdi.com/hhpdi/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=113 [Thanks to Burma Relief Center for providing this link.]

3 8

y Jc l; wkdi f;y Jc l; wkdi f;y Jc l; wkdi f;y Jc l; wkdi f;

u ay g i f; u ay g i f; u ay g i f; u ay g i f; ---- Kapaung ( 3 0 r D* g 0 y f) ( aw mi fi l+ r dK@ e , f)( 3 0 r D* g 0 y f) ( aw mi fi l+ r dK@ e , f)( 3 0 r D* g 0 y f) ( aw mi fi l+ r dK@ e , f)( 3 0 r D* g 0 y f) ( aw mi fi l+ r dK@ e , f) 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ p ufwi f bmv wGi f uay g i f;a& umwm a qmuf vky fa& ;wGi f y g 0 i f& e f China National

Heavy Machinery Co. (CHMC) ukr %̀ D tm; j r e fr m hv# y fp p fp Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD ; X me r S z dwfac :c Jh onf? 70 a qmuf vky fa& ;y %mr tqi fh tm; 2 0 0 7 c k E Sp f/ { + y Dvw Gi f + y D;p D;c J h+ y D;/ 71 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Zlvkdi f v wGi f tar & due f a' :vm 5 5 ' \ r 64 r D vD,H we fz dk;& Sd us e f& Sd onfh aqm ufvky f a& ; y p Pnf;tm ; v Hk;tm ; w & kwfj y nfr S j r e fr mE kdi fi H okd@ y kd@ aqmi fc J ha= umi f; (CHMC) ukr %̀ Dr S az :j y c Jhonf ? 4 i f;tm ; 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ atm ufwkd b mvwGi f p Gr f ;tm; xkw fvk y fa& ;p uf& Hk p wi f vnfy w fE dki f& e f ar s m fr Se f;c Jh onf? 72 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ p uf wi fbmv wGi f a qmuf vk y fa& ;vke fi e f ; 8 6 & mc kdi fE _e f;+ y D;p D;c Jh+ y D; / 73 2 0 0 8 c kE Sp f/ r wf v a& av mi fw r Hz Gi fhy GJtc e f;te m ;Y (CHMC) ukr %̀ Dr S y nm& Si fr s m; wufa& m ufc Jh onf? 74 a& tm;v# y fp p fp uf& Hko nf vuf& Sdvky fi e f ; vnfy w fae + y Dj z p f onf? 75 Tp Dr Hu de f;t wGuf v# y fp p fE Si hf p ufr _ qkdi f& my p P nf; ud& d,mr s m; j z e f@ a0 ay ;& e f 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f / E kd0 i fbmv wGi f China National Electric Equipment Co. (CNEEC) ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr mp p ftp kd;& ukd,fp m ;vS ,ftz GJ@ E Si hf a wG@ qHka qG; aE G;c Jh onf ? 76 2 0 0 8 c kE Sp f/ r wfvw Gi f (CNEEC) ukr %̀ Dr S y nm& Si fr s m;tm; a& a vm i fwr Hz Gi fhy GJtc e f ;te m; ukd wufa& m ufc Jh onf ? 77

7 07 07 07 0 ‘陆文俊总经理赴缅甸参加在建水电站项目进度协调会 (CHMC General Manager Visits Burma for

Hydropower Plant Meeting).’ CHMC Website, 26 September 2006. http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1553

7 17 17 17 1 ‘“CHMC No Problem” – 缅甸KABAUNG水电站建设现场纪实 (CHMC Construction at Burma’s

Kabaung Hydropower Plant).’ CHMC Website, 30 April 2007. http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1666

7 27 27 27 2 ‘陆文俊总经理赴缅甸参加在建水电站项目进度协调会 (CHMC General Manager Visits Burma for

Hydropower Plant Meeting).’ CHMC Website, 26 September 2006. http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1553

7 37 37 37 3 ‘Ongoing Hydropower Projects to be Completed on Schedule.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 28

September 2007. http://burmalibrary.org/docs4/NLM2007-09-28.pdf 7 47 47 47 4 ‘Khabaung Reservoir Opened in Ottwin Township on Completion of Projects.’ The New Light of

Myanmar, 23 March 2008. http://www.myanmar.com/newspaper/nlm/ 7 57 57 57 5

‘缅甸Kabaung水电站成功发电 (Kabaung Dam Generates Electricity).’ China National Heavy

Machinery Co. Website, 27 March 2008. http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1904 7 67 67 67 6 ‘Prime Minister General Soe Win & Party Visit Guilin.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 6 November 2006.

http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/06nlm/n061106.htm 7 77 77 77 7 ‘Khabaung Reservoir Opened in Ottwin Township On Completion of Projects, Bago Division to be

Region on which State can Rely in Agricultural & Electric Sectors.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 23 March 2008. http://www.myanmar.com/newspaper/nlm/

3 9

Hunan Savoo Oversea Water & Electric Engineering Co. ukr %̀ Dr S oH xnfy p P nf;r s m;u d k y Hhy kd;c Jho nf? 78

c Ge f;c Ge f;c Ge f;c Ge f; ---- Kun ( c Ge f; ac s mi f;( c Ge f; ac s mi f;( c Ge f; ac s mi f;( c Ge f; ac s mi f; ---- Kunchaung) ( 60 r D* g 0 y f) / p p fa w mi f;j r p f ( j z L ;+ r dK@ e ,f)) ( 60 r D* g 0 y f) / p p fa w mi f;j r p f ( j z L ;+ r dK@ e ,f)) ( 60 r D* g 0 y f) / p p fa w mi f;j r p f ( j z L ;+ r dK@ e ,f)) ( 60 r D* g 0 y f) / p p fa w mi f;j r p f ( j z L ;+ r dK@ e ,f) r D* g 0 y f 2 0 tm;& Sd p Gr f;t i fxkwf vGi fhp u f 3 c kE Si hf oHx nfta qm uftO D; t wGuf 2 0 0 4 c kE Sp f / r wfv 2 4 & ufae @ wGi f China National Heavy Machinery Co. (CHMC) ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr m h v# y fp p fp Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD;X me E Si hf oabm wlv ufr Sw f a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 79 2 0 0 4 ckE Sp f/ ar v w Gi f (CHMC) ukr %̀ Dr S r D* g 0 y f 2 2 tm;& Sd p Gr f; ti fxk wfvGi fhp uf 3 c k a xm ufy Hh& e f Tianjin

ALSTROM E Si hf o ab mwl v ufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J h+ y D;/ 80 Guangxi Electric Power Industry

Investigation Design & Research Institute E Si fhvnf ; ' Dqk di f;t wGuf oabm wlp mc s Ky f vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J ho nf? 81 c Ge f;a& tm; v# y fp p fp Gr f;ti f p uf& Hko nf 2 0 0 8 c kE Sp f / ' DZi fbmv wGi f vky fi e f;v nfy w fE kdi f& e f a qmuf vky fa& ;+ y D;aj r muf o i fh+ y D j z p fa= umi fh CHMC tp D& i fc Hp mwGi f t} uHay ; xm; onf? 82 Sinohydro’s 1st Engineering Bureau r S o Hxn fta qmuf tO D;a qm ufvky f a& ; twGuf China

National Electric Equipment Co. (CNEEC) ukr ` % DE Si hf w& k wf,Gr fai G 1 2 r D vD,H oab mp m c s Ky f c s Kyfqkdc Jh onf ? 83

2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ ' DZi fbm vwGi f Sinoydro’s 1st Engineering Bureau r S aqm ufvky f a& ; y p Pnf ;E Si hf wy fqi fa& ; twG uf China National Heavy Machinery Co.

(CHMC) ukr ` % DE Si hf w& k wf,Gr f ai G 2 6 ' \ r 66 r DvD,H oa bmwlp mc s Ky f vufr S wfa& ;xkd ; c Jhonf ? 84

7 87 87 87 8 ‘公司简介 (Brief Introduction).’ Hunan Savoo Oversea Water & Electric Engineering Co. Website.

http://www.hhpdi.com/hhpdi/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=113 [Thanks to Burma Relief Center for providing this link.] 79797979 ‘缅甸KUN水电站项目签约 (Burma’s Kun Hydropower Plant Project Agreement Signed).’ CHMC

Website, 10 May 2004. http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1053 80808080 ‘ALSTOM Wins 2 Hydro Contracts in China.’ ALSTOM Brazil Website.

http://www.alstom.com.br/Ingles/Noticias_Detalhes.asp?noticia=307&Idioma=8 81818181 ‘缅甸KUN水电站项目顺利执行 (Burma’s Kun Hydropower Plant Project Smoothly Executed).’ CHMC

Website, 29 June 2004. http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1071 8 28 28 28 2 ‘陆文俊总经理赴缅甸参加在建水电站项目进度协调会 (CHMC General Manager Visits Burma for

Hydropower Plant Meeting).’ CHMC Website, 28 September 2006. http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1553

8 38 38 38 3 ‘中国水电一局九分局注重国际建筑市场开发 (Sinohydro 1st Engineering Bureau, 9th Branch’s

International Market Developments).’ Sinohydro Website, 17 January 2007. http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&ARTICLEID=11471537840078&COLUMNID=11424148920001&CHCOLUMNID=11443003710001&GSCOLUMNID=-1

8 48 48 48 4 Ibid.

4 0

China CAMC (Construction & Agricultural Machinery Import & Export Corporation)

Engineering Co. ukr %̀ Dr S 1 990 c kE Sp fwGi f j z p fE kdi faj c avhvmr _udk j y Kvky f+ y D ;p D;c Jh onf? 85

aaaa us m ufus m ufus m ufus m uf Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering Bureau r S ,i f;p Dr Hud e f;tm; E kdi fi H wump Dr H ude f; tj z p f az :j y c Jh+ y D;/ aqm ufvky f a& ;v ky fi e f;w Gi f 4 i f;r S y Hhy kd;uln Dr _& Sdc Jh onf [k ,l q& o nf? r nf okd@ qk d ap ,i f;p Dr Hu de f; E Si fh qufp y f onfh owi f; tc s uftv uf ta= umi f ; t& mr s m; & Si f;& Si f;vi f ;vi f ; r & Sdc Jhac s ?86

a us m ufe * g ; ( 7 5 r D* g 0 y f) / a & $us i fa c s mi f; ( a& $u s i f+ r dK@ e , f)a us m ufe * g ; ( 7 5 r D* g 0 y f) / a & $us i fa c s mi f; ( a& $u s i f+ r dK@ e , f)a us m ufe * g ; ( 7 5 r D* g 0 y f) / a & $us i fa c s mi f; ( a& $u s i f+ r dK@ e , f)a us m ufe * g ; ( 7 5 r D* g 0 y f) / a & $us i fa c s mi f; ( a& $u s i f+ r dK@ e , f) 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ p ufwi f bm vwGi f China Gezhouba Group Co. (CGGC) ukr %̀ Dr S p u fy p Pnf; wy fqi f a& ;E Si hf v# y fp p fp Gr f ;tm;x kwf vGi fha& ; ud& d, mwe fqmy vmr s m;a xmuf y Hh& e f j r e fr mp p f tp kd;& E Si hf oa bmw lv ufr S wf a& ;xk d;c Jha= umi f; CGGC tp D& i fc Hp mwGi f az :j y c Jh onf? 87

j z L ; ( 2 0 r D* g 0 y f) / j zj z L ; ( 2 0 r D* g 0 y f) / j zj z L ; ( 2 0 r D* g 0 y f) / j zj z L ; ( 2 0 r D* g 0 y f) / j z L ;ac s mi f; ( j z L ;+ r dK @ e , f)L ;ac s mi f; ( j z L ;+ r dK @ e , f)L ;ac s mi f; ( j z L ;+ r dK @ e , f)L ;ac s mi f; ( j z L ;+ r dK @ e , f) 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & DvwG i f China Gezhouba Group Co. (CGGC) ukr %̀ D r S a& tm; v# y fp p f qkdi f& mp u fy p Pnf;E Sp fp HkE Si hf v# y fp p fE Si hf p ufy p Pnf; ud& d ,mr s m;ukd 2 1 vp mtw G uf axm ufy Hh& e f twGuf oabm wl vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c Jh on f? 88

a om ufa & u wf ( 1 5 0 r D* g 0 y f) /a om ufa & u wf ( 1 5 0 r D* g 0 y f) /a om ufa & u wf ( 1 5 0 r D* g 0 y f) /a om ufa & u wf ( 1 5 0 r D* g 0 y f) / a om ufa & c ( a' ;vkd; ) j r p fa om ufa & c ( a' ;vkd; ) j r p fa om ufa & c ( a' ;vkd; ) j r p fa om ufa & c ( a' ;vkd; ) j r p f u& i fj y nfe ,f ( 1 5 0 r D* g 0 y f& Sd) aomuf a& u wfwGi f & _& e f

& JE G, f ( 2 5 r D* g 0 y f) / & JE G, fac s mi f; ( a us mufw Hc g ;+ r dK@ e , f)& JE G, f ( 2 5 r D* g 0 y f) / & JE G, fac s mi f; ( a us mufw Hc g ;+ r dK@ e , f)& JE G, f ( 2 5 r D* g 0 y f) / & JE G, fac s mi f; ( a us mufw Hc g ;+ r dK@ e , f)& JE G, f ( 2 5 r D* g 0 y f) / & JE G, fac s mi f; ( a us mufw Hc g ;+ r dK@ e , f) Hunan Savoo Oversea Water & Electric Engineering Co. ukr %̀ Dr S 2 0 0 7 Ze fe 0 g & DvwGi f z Gi fhvi fh& e fp Dp O fo nfh Tp uf& Hk.a qm ufvky f a& ;u kda xmufy Hhc J h+ y D;/ w& k wfE kdi fi Hr S wi fy kd@ a& muf& S dvm

8 58 58 58 5

‘Myanmar Snap Trade Directory.’ Myanmar Snap. http://www.myanmarsnap.com/investment07.asp

[Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.] 8 68 68 68 6 ‘Domestic & Overseas Projects.’ Sinohydro 14

th Engineering Bureau Website.

http://www.fcbmis.com/English/Overseas%20Projects.htm 8 78 78 78 7

‘缅甸水津电站机电设备设计与供货合同签订 (Burma Shwegyin Hydropower Plant Contract

Signed).’ CGGC Website, 11 September 2007. http://www.gzbgj.com/article.asp?id=879 8 88 88 88 8

‘Contract Signing of the Design & Supply of Electrical, Mechanical Equipments For Phyu Hydropower

Project In Myanmar.’ CGGC Website. http://www.gzbgj.com/english_n/news08.htm

4 1

r nfh wmy kdi fp ufr s m; ukdap m i hfae I p kdi f ;i Hhxm ;o nf? 89 t& Snf 1 0 5 0 ay / tj r Si hf 2 5 1 ay & Sdo n fh

Ta& umwmt m; 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ az az :0 g & Dv wGi f p w i fz Gi hfvi fhc Jh onf ? 90 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fbm vwG i f China National Electric Equipment Co. (CNEEC) ukr %̀ Dr S Tp Dr Hu de f;t wGuf v# y fp p fE Si hf p ufy p Pnf ;r s m;ax mufy Hhr nf hudp P aqG ;aE G;& e f j r efr m hp p ftp kd; & ukd,fp m ;vS ,fE Si hfa wG@ q Hkc Jh onf? 91 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fbmv wGi f China International Trust & Investment Co. (CITIC)

Technology Co. ukr ` % Dr S a& vGwfy k dufac g i f; (Penstock) E Si fh a& vGJ wl;aj r mi f;E S i fh p y fvs O f;on fh udp Pr s m;a qG;aE G ;& e f j r e fr m0 e f} uD;c s Ky fp kd;0 i f;E Si hf a wG@ q Hk c Jhonf ? 92

a Zmi f; w la Zmi f; w la Zmi f; w la Zmi f; w l ---- Zaungtu ( 2 0 r D* g 0 y f) / ( 2 0 r D* g 0 y f) / ( 2 0 r D* g 0 y f) / ( 2 0 r D* g 0 y f) / y Jc l;j r p ft x ufy kdi f; ( w kdu f} u D;& Gm / y Jc l;+ r dK@ e ,f)y Jc l;j r p ft x ufy kdi f; ( w kdu f} u D;& Gm / y Jc l;+ r dK@ e ,f)y Jc l;j r p ft x ufy kdi f; ( w kdu f} u D;& Gm / y Jc l;+ r dK@ e ,f)y Jc l;j r p ft x ufy kdi f; ( w kdu f} u D;& Gm / y Jc l;+ r dK@ e ,f) 1 994 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. ukr %̀ Dr S Tp Dr H ude f; ukd p wi fc Jh+ y D; / 93 2 0 0 0 ckE Sp f/ r wfvw Gi f 4 5 r Dwmj r i fho nfh T a& wm um p wi fz Gi fh vi fhc Jho nf? 94

p p fu kdi f; wkdi f;p p fu kdi f; wkdi f;p p fu kdi f; wkdi f;p p fu kdi f; wkdi f;

o z e f; q dwf ( 3 0 r D* g 0 y f) / r ljr p f ( oz e f; q dw f& Gm / u|e f;v S+ r dK@ e ,f)o z e f; q dwf ( 3 0 r D* g 0 y f) / r ljr p f ( oz e f; q dw f& Gm / u|e f;v S+ r dK@ e ,f)o z e f; q dwf ( 3 0 r D* g 0 y f) / r ljr p f ( oz e f; q dw f& Gm / u|e f;v S+ r dK@ e ,f)o z e f; q dwf ( 3 0 r D* g 0 y f) / r ljr p f ( oz e f; q dw f& Gm / u|e f;v S+ r dK@ e ,f) Sinohydro’s 1st Engineering Bureau r S 2 0 0 2 c kE Sp f/ ar vwGi f + y D;p D;c Jh onfh T p Dr Hude f;t wGu f aqm ufvky f a& ;v ky fi e f;E Si hf p Gr f;ti fy p Pnf ;wy f qi fa& ; ukd y Hhy kd; ulnDc Jh+ y D ;/ w& k wf ,Gr fai G 1 4 ' \ r 8 8 r DvD,H& Sd j y Kj y i fxde f; odr f ;a& ;o abm wlp mc s Ky f vuf r Swfa& ; xkd;c J hon f? 95

8 98 98 98 9 ‘公司简介 (Brief Introduction).’ Hunan Savoo Oversea Water & Electric Engineering Co. Website.

http://www.hhpdi.com/hhpdi/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=113 [Thanks to Burma Relief Center for providing this link.]; & ‘Power Plant to be Ready in September.’ Myanmar Times, 6 November 2006.

9 09 09 09 0 ‘Prime Minister General Soe Win Attends Inauguration of Yenwe Hydroelectric Power Station.’ The

New Light of Myanmar, 11 February 2007. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/07nlm/n070211.htm [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.]

9 19 19 19 1 ‘Prime Minister General Soe Win & Party Visit Guilin.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 6 November 2006.

http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/06nlm/n061106.htm 9 29 29 29 2

Ibid. 9 39 39 39 3 ‘Overseas & Domestic Projects.’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/about_yj.htm; &

‘Zaungtu Hydropower Station (Myanmar).’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/en/hpp/Project_zd.htm

9 49 49 49 4 ‘Newly Built Zaungtu Dam & Hydel Power Plant in Bago Division Inaugurated.’ The New Light of

Myanmar, 23 March 2000. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/00nlm/n000323.htm#(4) 9 59 59 59 5

‘中国水电一局九分局注重国际建筑市场开发 (Sinohydro 1st Engineering Bureau, 9th Branch’s

International Market Developments).’ Sinohydro Website, 17 January 2007. http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&ARTICLEID=11471537840078&COLUMNID=11424148920001&CHCOLUMNID=11443003710001&GSCOLUMNID=-1

4 2

1 998 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fbm v wGi f China International Trust & Investment Co. (CITIC)

Technology Co. ukr ` % Dr S j r e fr m hv# y fp p fp Gr f;t i f0 e f} uD;X me E Si hf MoU oabm wlv ufr S w f a& ;xkd ;c Jh+ y D;/ 96 Tp Dr Hude f ;tm ; a& mi f;c s r nfh China EXIM Bank . axm ufy Hhr _j z i hf uke fus p & dw f tar & due fa' : vm 2 0 r DvD,H uke fus c Jho nf? 97

Z D; ac s mZ D; ac s mZ D; ac s mZ D; ac s m i f; i f; i f; i f; ---- Zi Chaung ( 1 '( 1 '( 1 '( 1 ' \\\\ r 2 6 r D* g 0 y f) r 2 6 r D* g 0 y f) r 2 6 r D* g 0 y f) r 2 6 r D* g 0 y f) 1 991 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S Tp Dr Hu de f;u kd aqm uf vky f c Jhonf ? 98

& Sr f;j y nfe ,f& Sr f;j y nfe ,f& Sr f;j y nfe ,f& Sr f;j y nfe ,f

c s i f; a& $a [ m f c s i f; a& $a [ m f c s i f; a& $a [ m f c s i f; a& $a [ m f ---- Chinshwehaw ( 0 '( 0 '( 0 '( 0 ' \\\\ r 2 r D* g 0 y f)r 2 r D* g 0 y f)r 2 r D* g 0 y f)r 2 r D* g 0 y f) 1 993 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S Tp Dr Hu de f;u kd aqm uf vky f c Jhonf ? 99

u de f; a wmi f; ( 5 4 ru de f; a wmi f; ( 5 4 ru de f; a wmi f; ( 5 4 ru de f; a wmi f; ( 5 4 r D* g 0 y f) / e r f; w dr f;D* g 0 y f) / e r f; w dr f;D* g 0 y f) / e r f; w dr f;D* g 0 y f) / e r f; w dr f; ac s mi f;ac s mi f;ac s mi f;ac s mi f; ---- Namtein Creek ( r dk; e J( r dk; e J( r dk; e J( r dk; e J + r dK@ e , f+ r dK@ e , f+ r dK@ e , f+ r dK@ e , f ---- Mone Township)))) Hunan Savoo Oversea Water & Electric Engineering Co. ukr %̀ D r S p Gr f;ti fp uf& Hk twGuf oH xnft aq muf tO D;r s m;tm; a qmuf vky f ae + y D;/ 4 i f ;tm; 2 0 0 8 c kE S p f/ Ze fe 0 g & Dv wGi f 8 6 & mc kdi fE _e f;+ y D;p D;I / wE Sp f twGi f; wGi f vky fi e f ;v nfy wfE kdi fr nf h tvm; tvm& Sd onf? 1 00 2 0 0 5 c kE Sp f/ ZGe f vwGi f Zhejiang Orient Holding Group E Si hf China National Electric

Equipment Co. (CNEEC) ukr ` % Dwkd@ r S z ufp uf xm; onfh y l ;ay g i f;a qmi f& Gu fa & ;tz GJ@ wc kr S 1 8 r D* g 0 y ftm;& Sd wmy kdi fp uf oHk ;p Gr f;tm; xk wfp uf& Hk 3 c k twGuf tar & d ue fa' :v m 1 1 ' \ r 5 -

9 69 69 69 6

‘缅甸德畔赛及孟河水电站 (Burma’s Thapanseik & Mone River Hydropower Plants).’ Sinohydro

Website. http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=29&COLUMNID=11509592350001 9 79 79 79 7

‘中国承包的缅甸德畔色水电站竣工 (Chinese Funded Thapanseik Hydropower Plant Completed).’

HWCC, 12 July 2002. http://www.hwcc.gov.cn/nsbd/NewsDisplay.asp?Id=40778; & Platts. 2007. Platts

Myanmar Country Energy Profile. [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this document.] 9 89 89 89 8

‘Overseas & Domestic Projects.’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/about_yj.htm 9 99 99 99 9

Ibid. 1 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 0 ‘公司简介 (Brief Introduction).’ Hunan Savoo Oversea Water & Electric Engineering Co. Website.

http://www.hhpdi.com/hhpdi/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=113 [Thanks to Burma Relief Center for providing this link]; & ‘Minister Goes on Inspection Tour of Kengtawng Hydropower Project.’ The New

Light of Myanmar, 18 January 2008. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/08nlm/n080118.htm [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.]

4 3

1 5 r DvD,Hwe fz k d;& Sd a qm ufvky f a& ;y p Pnf ;E Si hf v# y fp p fud& d,mr s m; udk oa bm wlv ufr Swf a& ;xkd ; c Jhonf ? 1 01 2 0 0 5 c kE Sp f/ ZGe f vwGi f China National Electric Equipment Co. (CNEEC) ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr m h v# y fp p fp Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD;X me E Si hf oH owW Kvky fi e f ;twG uf ae m ufxy f oa bmwl vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J h onf? 1 02 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fb mvwGi f (CNEEC) ukr ` % Dr S Tp Dr H ude f; twG uf p ufr _y p Pnf ;r s m; axmufy Hh& e f j r e fr m hp p ftp kd; & ukd,fp m ;r s m;E Si hf awG@ qHkc Jh onf? 1 03

u de f; a wmi f; a& tm; v# y fp p fp uf& Hkw Gi f u de f; a wmi f; a& tm; v# y fp p fp uf& Hkw Gi f u de f; a wmi f; a& tm; v# y fp p fp uf& Hkw Gi f u de f; a wmi f; a& tm; v# y fp p fp uf& Hkw Gi f zhejiang Orient Holding Group.... y g 0 i fy wfo u fr _r s m;y g 0 i fy wfo u fr _r s m;y g 0 i fy wfo u fr _r s m;y g 0 i fy wfo u fr _r s m; u kd y kdr kdo d& Sdv kdy g u ude f; aw mi f;u kd y kdr kdo d& Sdv kdy g u ude f; aw mi f;u kd y kdr kdo d& Sdv kdy g u ude f; aw mi f;u kd y kdr kdo d& Sdv kdy g u ude f; aw mi f; v# y fp p f} udK ; vkdi f;v# y fp p f} udK ; vkdi f;v# y fp p f} udK ; vkdi f;v# y fp p f} udK ; vkdi f; (Kengtawng Transmission Line)o dk@ = un fh& _o dk@ = un fh& _o dk@ = un fh& _o dk@ = un fh& _ & e f/& e f/& e f/& e f/

u Ge f[ de f; ( 0 'u Ge f[ de f; ( 0 'u Ge f[ de f; ( 0 'u Ge f[ de f; ( 0 ' \\\\ r 1 5 r D* g 0 y f)r 1 5 r D* g 0 y f)r 1 5 r D* g 0 y f)r 1 5 r D* g 0 y f)

1 990 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S Tp Dr Hu de f;u kd aqm uf vky f c Jhonf ? 1 04

u Ge fv Hk ( 0 'u Ge fv Hk ( 0 'u Ge fv Hk ( 0 'u Ge fv Hk ( 0 ' \\\\ r 5 r D* g 0 y f)r 5 r D* g 0 y f)r 5 r D* g 0 y f)r 5 r D* g 0 y f) 1 993 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S Tp Dr Hu de f;u kd aqm uf vky f c Jhonf ? 1 05

u de f; a wmi f; ( 0u de f; a wmi f; ( 0u de f; a wmi f; ( 0u de f; a wmi f; ( 0 '''' \\\\ r 3 2 r 3 2 r 3 2 r 3 2 / 0 '0 '0 '0 ' \\\\ r 4 8 r D* g 0 y f)r 4 8 r D* g 0 y f)r 4 8 r D* g 0 y f)r 4 8 r D* g 0 y f) 1 990 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S Tp Dr Hu de f;u kd aqm uf vky f c Jhonf ? 1 06

1 0 11 0 11 0 11 0 1

‘Hydro-electric Power Department, Chinese Consortium Ink Two Agreements.’ The New Light of

Myanmar, 17 June 2005. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/05nlm/n050617.htm#Hydro-electric%20Power%20Department,%20Chinese%20consortium%20ink%20two%20agreements; & Platts. 2007. Platts Myanmar Country Energy Profile. [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this document.] 102102102102

‘Hydro-electric Power Department, Chinese Consortium Ink Two Agreements.’ The New Light of

Myanmar, 17 June 2005. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/05nlm/n050617.htm#Hydro-electric%20Power%20 Department,%20Chinese%20consortium%20ink%20two%20agreements [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.] 103103103103 ‘Prime Minister General Soe Win & Party Visit Guilin.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 6 November

2006. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/06nlm/n061106.htm 1 0 41 0 41 0 41 0 4 ‘Overseas & Domestic Projects.’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/about_yj.htm 1 0 51 0 51 0 51 0 5 Ibid. 1 0 61 0 61 0 61 0 6 Ibid.

4 4

a us m ufr J ( 4 r D* g 0 y f)a us m ufr J ( 4 r D* g 0 y f)a us m ufr J ( 4 r D* g 0 y f)a us m ufr J ( 4 r D* g 0 y f)

1 992 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S Tp Dr Hu de f;u kd aqm uf vky f c Jhonf ? 1 07

r Jy e f ( 1 'r Jy e f ( 1 'r Jy e f ( 1 'r Jy e f ( 1 ' \\\\ r 2 6 r D* g 0 y f) ( r kdi f; q wf+ r dK@ e ,f)r 2 6 r D* g 0 y f) ( r kdi f; q wf+ r dK@ e ,f)r 2 6 r D* g 0 y f) ( r kdi f; q wf+ r dK@ e ,f)r 2 6 r D* g 0 y f) ( r kdi f; q wf+ r dK@ e ,f) 1 991 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S Tp Dr Hu de f;u kd aqm uf vky f c Jh+ y D;/ 2 0 0 2 c kE Sp f/ ar vw Gi f z Gi hfy GJtc e f;te m; us i f;y c Jh onf? 1 08

e r f; ar s m e r f; ar s m e r f; ar s m e r f; ar s m ---- Nam Myaw ( 4 r D* g 0 y f)( 4 r D* g 0 y f)( 4 r D* g 0 y f)( 4 r D* g 0 y f) 1 992 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S Tp Dr Hu de f;u kd aqm uf vky f c Jhonf ? 1 09

e r fh[ ky f e r fh[ ky f e r fh[ ky f e r fh[ ky f ---- Nam Wop ( 3 r D* g 0 y f) us dK( 3 r D* g 0 y f) us dK( 3 r D* g 0 y f) us dK( 3 r D* g 0 y f) us dK i fi fi fi f ; w Hk+ r dK@ e ,f; w Hk+ r dK@ e ,f; w Hk+ r dK@ e ,f; w Hk+ r dK@ e ,f 1 992 c kE Sp fc e f@ wGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC)

ukr %̀ Dr S Tp Dr Hude f ;uk d a qmuf vky fc Jh onf ? 1 1 0

a & $v Da & $v Da & $v Da & $v D ---- 1 ( 60 0 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $v Dj r p f (1 ( 60 0 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $v Dj r p f (1 ( 60 0 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $v Dj r p f (1 ( 60 0 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $v Dj r p f ( r e fw u f& Gm / e r fhc r f;+ r dK@ e ,f)r e fw u f& Gm / e r fhc r f;+ r dK@ e ,f)r e fw u f& Gm / e r fhc r f;+ r dK@ e ,f)r e fw u f& Gm / e r fhc r f;+ r dK@ e ,f) Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ D r S 2 0 0 4 c kE Sp f/ az az :0 g & DvwGi f vky fi e f; p wi fc Jhao m fv nf; / j r e fr m hp p ftp kd;& . ai G a= u;r vHk avmufr _a= umi fh 2 0 0 5 c kE Sp f/ Zlvkdi f vwGi f vky fi e f;r s m;& y fwe f@ c Jh onf ? 1 1 1

2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f = o* kwfvY YMEC ukr %̀D onf Yunnan Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Development Co. uk r %̀ DE Si hf Yunnan

Power Grid Co. ukr %̀ D wkd@ E Si hf y l; ay g i f;I Yunnan Joint Power Development Co. (YUPD)

1 0 71 0 71 0 71 0 7

‘Overseas & Domestic Projects.’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/about_yj.htm 1 0 81 0 81 0 81 0 8

Ibid; &‘Regional Development Projects Inspected in Shan State (East).’ New Light of Myanmar, 15

May 2002. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/02nlm/n020516.htm#(%203%20 [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.]

1 0 91 0 91 0 91 0 9 ‘Overseas & Domestic Projects.’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/about_yj.htm 1 1 01 1 01 1 01 1 0 Ibid. 1 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 1 ‘激战瑞丽江——水电十四局瑞丽江电站截流施工纪实 (Shweli River Fierce Battle-Shweli Dam

14th Bureau Damming Construction).’ Sinohydro Website, 26 February 2007. http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&COLUMNID=111111&ARTICLEID=1172460

7890001 For extensive photographs of construction at the Shweli I Dam see ‘瑞丽江项目部图库 (Shweli

River Project Bureau Photographs).’ Sinohydro’s 14th

Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 29 June 2007. http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=61&id=394

4 5

qkdo nfh ukr %̀ D ukd xla xm i fc Jhonf ? 1 1 2 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ ' DZ i fbmvw Gi f YUPD ukr ` % DE Si hf j r e fr m h v# y fp p fp Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD;X me tr Swf ( 1 ) wkd@ y l; ay g i f;I Shweli River I Power Station Co. ukr %̀ D udkxl axmi fc JhI a& um w mukd Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) p Dr Hude f ;tj z p f aj y mi f;vJ vkdu f + y D;/ r D* g 0 y f 4 0 0 & Sd p Gr f;tm;ukd r D* g 0 y f 60 0 t xdwkd ;j r Si fhvkd ufo nf? 1 1 3

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ar vY p Dr Hude f; w0 ufc e f@ + y D;p D;+ y D; 4 i f;r SxG uf& Sdo nfhp Gr f ;t m;r Sm r E Wa v;+ r dK@ udk a xmufy Hh ay ;r nfj z p f onf? 1 1 4 Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering Bureau E Si hf Dali Sub-bureau wk d@ r S 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ Z Ge fv wGi f aqm ufvky f a& ;v ky fi e f;p w i fI / 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ ' DZi fbm vwGi f a& v GJaj r mi f; udk a qmuf vky f+ y D;p D;+ y D ; a& $vDj r p fudk vnf ; y d wfq dk@ c Jh onf? 1 1 5

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & D vwGi f Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering

Bureau r S a qm ufvky f a& ; vky fi e f;E Si hf oHx nft aq muftt Hk tm; av vHwi f a & mi f;c s r _udk 0 , f ,lc Jho nf? 1 1 6

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Zl vkdi fv wGi f Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering Bureau r S 2 0 0 9 c kE Sp f / ZGe fv 3 0 & ufae @ wGi f ae mufqH k;t+ y D; owf aqm uf vky f& e f aq muf vky fa& ; o abmwl nDc s uf ukd vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J h+ y D;/ 1 1 7

2 0 0 8 c kE Sp f/ = o* kwf vwGi f y xr O D;q Hk; v# y fp p fp Gr f;tm ; xkwf vGi fhp u fudk p r f;owfc J ho nf? 1 1 8

1 1 21 1 21 1 21 1 2 ‘中国在缅甸投资的首个水电项目成功截流 (China’s First Hydropower Investment in Burma

Successfully Dammed).’ China Electricity Council, 13 December 2006. http://www.cec.org.cn/news/showc.asp?id=92488

1 1 31 1 31 1 31 1 3 ‘瑞丽江电站胜利实现截流 (Shweli River Hydropower Station Triumphantly Blocks Water).’ Dali

Sub-bureau of Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering Bureau Website, 11 December 2006.

http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=3&id=26 1 1 41 1 41 1 41 1 4 ‘Burma Committed to Building more Hydropower Plants.’ BBC Financial Times Information, 7 May

2007. 1 1 51 1 51 1 51 1 5

‘集团公司水电十四局承建的缅甸瑞丽江水电站成功截流 (图) (14th Bureau Succeed in Damming

the Ruili River).’ Sinohydro Website, 15 December 2006. http://www.sinohydro.com/english/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&COLUMNID=111111&ARTICLEID=11670369310001

1 1 61 1 61 1 61 1 6 ‘我局中标缅甸瑞丽江一级水电站厂房枢纽土建及金属结构安装工程 (Sinohydro 14th Engineering

Bureau Secures Shweli I Bid).’ Sinohydro 14th

Engineering Bureau Website, 12 January 2007. http://www.fcbmis.com/sd_nm/2007/1-12/151512.html

1 1 71 1 71 1 71 1 7 ‘缅甸瑞丽江一级电站工程总承建包合同在昆签字 (Contracts Signed in Kunming for Burma’s

Shweli I Dam).’ Sinohydro’s 14th

Engineering Bureau Website, 5 July 2007. http://www.fcbmis.com/news/jnyw/2007/75/0775101710K58IHJ2120G3BDAJ06D1.html

1 1 81 1 81 1 81 1 8 ‘瑞丽江电站首台机组调试正式启动 (Shweli Dam First Hydroturbine Generator Testing).’ Dali Sub-

Bureau of Sinohydro’s 14th

Engineering Bureau Website, 24 August 2008. http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=37&id=1114

4 6

2 0 0 7 ckE Sp f/ r wf vwGi f CHECC Kunming Hydroelectric Investigation, Design & Research

Institute r S Yunnan Joint Power Development Co. ukr %̀ DE Si hftw l a& $v Da& um wmY p ufy p Pn f; ud& d,m. t a& ta wG;r s m ;ukd vm a& mufp p f ap ;c Jh o nf? 1 1 9 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ ' DZi fbm v wGi f Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning & Design

Research r S a& vGJ aj r mi f;E S i hf a& um wmue f abmi f udk twGuf a qmuf vky fa& ; wm0 e f,l vky fuk di f c Jhonf ? 1 20

a & $v D ( 1 ) a& tm ;v# y fp p fp u f& Hkw Gi f a & $v D ( 1 ) a& tm ;v# y fp p fp u f& Hkw Gi f a & $v D ( 1 ) a& tm ;v# y fp p fp u f& Hkw Gi f a & $v D ( 1 ) a& tm ;v# y fp p fp u f& Hkw Gi f Central China Power Grid International Economic &

Trade Co. u kr %̀ D/u kr %̀ D/u kr %̀ D/u kr %̀ D/ China Southern Power Grid Co. ukr %̀ D/ ukr %̀ D/ ukr %̀ D/ ukr %̀ D/ Ningbo Huyong Electric

Power Material Co. ukr %̀ D ukr %̀ D ukr %̀ D ukr %̀ D Sichuan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. u kr %̀ DE Si hf u kr %̀ DE Si hf u kr %̀ DE Si hf u kr %̀ DE Si hf Yunnan Electric Power Design Institutew kd@ .y g 0 i fy w fo ufr _r s m; tm; w kd@ .y g 0 i fy w fo ufr _r s m; tm; w kd@ .y g 0 i fy w fo ufr _r s m; tm; w kd@ .y g 0 i fy w fo ufr _r s m; tm; y kdr kdo d& Sdv kdy kdr kdo d& Sdv kdy kdr kdo d& Sdv kdy kdr kdo d& Sdv kd y g uy g uy g uy g u a& $vD ( 1 ) p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} u dK;v kdi f; ( & Sr f; j y n fe , f)a& $vD ( 1 ) p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} u dK;v kdi f; ( & Sr f; j y n fe , f)a& $vD ( 1 ) p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} u dK;v kdi f; ( & Sr f; j y n fe , f)a& $vD ( 1 ) p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} u dK;v kdi f; ( & Sr f; j y n fe , f) w Gi f= un hf& _y g & e f?w Gi f= un hf& _y g & e f?w Gi f= un hf& _y g & e f?w Gi f= un hf& _y g & e f?

a & $v Da & $v Da & $v Da & $v D ---- 2 ( 4 60 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $v Dj r p f2 ( 4 60 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $v Dj r p f2 ( 4 60 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $v Dj r p f2 ( 4 60 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $v Dj r p f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ D r S Tp Dr Hu de f;w Gi f y g 0 ify wfo ufc Jh onf ? 1 21

a & $v Da & $v Da & $v Da & $v D ---- 3 ( 3 60 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $v Dj r p f3 ( 3 60 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $v Dj r p f3 ( 3 60 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $v Dj r p f3 ( 3 60 r D* g 0 y f) / a& $v Dj r p f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ D r S Tp Dr Hu de f;w Gi f y g 0 ify wfo ufc Jh onf ? 1 22

w m qe f; ( 7 1 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) / o Hv Gi fj r p fw m qe f; ( 7 1 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) / o Hv Gi fj r p fw m qe f; ( 7 1 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) / o Hv Gi fj r p fw m qe f; ( 7 1 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) / o Hv Gi fj r p f 2 0 0 7 ckE Sp f/ r wf vwGi f China Gezhouba Group Co. (CGGC) ukr %̀ Dr S t xl 8 r Dwm/ t& Sn f 1 2 0 0 r Dwm& Sdo nfh a& vGJaj r mi f; E Sp fc ktm; a qmuf vk y f& e f Tasang Hydropower Co. ukr %̀ DE Si h f MoU oa bmwl vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c Jh on f? 1 23 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fbm vwGi f CGGC ukr %̀ Dr S wmqe f ; a& umwmp Dr H ud e f;. 5 1 & mc kdi fE _e f ;udk y k di f qkdi fc Jh+ y D; / xk di f; MDX r S 2 4 & mc kdi fE _e f;E Si hf

1 1 91 1 91 1 91 1 9 ‘瑞丽江电站厂房基坑开挖通过质量验收 (Shweli Hydropower Project Machinery Undergoes Quality

Assessment).’ Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering Bureau Website,10 March 2007.

http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=37&id=193 1 2 01 2 01 2 01 2 0

‘缅甸瑞丽江水电站导流洞进出口围堰爆破圆满成功 (Shweli River Hydropower Plant Diversion

Tunnel & Cofferdam Complete).’ Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning & Design Research Website, 13 December 2006. http://www.cjwsjy.com.cn/News/specialnews/200612133157.htm

1 2 11 2 11 2 11 2 1 ‘Overseas & Domestic Projects.’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/about_yj.htm 1 2 21 2 21 2 21 2 2

Ibid. 1 2 31 2 31 2 31 2 3

‘缅甸市场开发再传捷报 (News of Victory from Burmese Market Developments).’ CGGC Website, 16

March 2007. http://www.gzbgj.com/article.asp?id=749

4 7

Burma’s Department of Hydropower Implementation r S 2 5 & mc kdi fE _e f; toD; oD;y kdi f qkdi fc J h onf? 1 24 2 0 0 8 ckE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & DvwGi f tr n fr od w& kwf ukr %̀ D wp fc kr S wm qe f;a& umwm wn f & Sd& m oHvGi fj r p fur f;E Sp fz uf vHk;Y 1 7 ay r S- ay 3 0 t& Snf& Sd wkdi ft vHk; ay g i f; 6 0 vma& muf c s xm;c Jh onf? 1 25 2 0 0 7 ckE Sp f/ r wfvw Gi f aqm ufvky fa& ;z Gi fhy GJtc e f; te m; us i f;y c Jh+ y D;/ 1 26

2 0 0 7 ck E Sp f/ { + y Dvw Gi f a qmuf vky f a& ;vky fi e f ; p wi fc Jh on f? okd@ aom fj i m; vnf ; o wi f; X me tc s dK@ r S ,i f; aqm ufvky f a& ; vky fi e f ;t m; tc s de ftue f@ to wfr & Sd & y fwe f@ xm;a= umi f ; az :j y c Jh= u onf? 1 27

t x ufo Hv Gi f ( 2 4 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) oHv Gi fj r p ft x ufo Hv Gi f ( 2 4 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) oHv Gi fj r p ft x ufo Hv Gi f ( 2 4 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) oHv Gi fj r p ft x ufo Hv Gi f ( 2 4 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) oHv Gi fj r p f 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ { + y DvwGi f txuf oHv Gi fp Dr Hude f ;uk d tj r e fqHk;t aumi f tx nf az :vky f aqmi f& e f A kdvfc s Ky fr SL ;} uD ;oe f; a& $ w dk ufwGe f ;c Jho nf? 2 0 0 7 c kE S p f ar vw Gi f w& k wfy nm & Si ftz GJ@ r S p Dr Hude f ; twGuf j z p fE kdi faj c a vhvm c s uf j y Kvky fc Jh+ y D; / 4 i f ;tm; 2 0 0 8 c kE Sp fwGi f + y D;p D;r nf[k c e f@ r Se f; c Jh onf? 1 28

uke f;= ur f ;E Si fh uGe f vHk (Konekyan and Kunlon) + rdK@ = um;& Sd a& umwmE Sp fc k aqm ufvky fI txuf oHv Gi fp Dr Hude f ;ud k wkd;c Js @ aqm ufv ky f& e f q Hk;j z wfc s ufr s m;r & Sdao ;ac s ? r lvoa bmwl nD c s ufr Sm aqm ufvky fr nfh a& umwm .ta& t wGu f r s m; az :j y xm;j c i f;r & Sd o nfr u y g 0 i fy wf ouf onfh ukr %̀ Dr s m;r S r dr dwkd@ . vky fa qmi fr nfhtc s ufr s m;u kdv nf; a z :j y xm;j c i f; r & dS ao;ay ? 1 29 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ ' DZi f bmv wG i f Yunnan Power Grid Co. ukr %̀ DE Si hf CHECC Mid-South Design

& Research Institute wkd@ r S oHvGi fj r p ftx ufy kdi f ; { & d,m uDv kdr Dwm 1 4 7 c e f@ p p fwr f;aum u f ,lr _j y Kvky fc Jh onf ? 1 3 0

1 2 41 2 41 2 41 2 4 ‘Chinese Firm takes 51pc of Tasang Hydropower Project.’ The Myanmar Times, 19 November 2007.

http://www.mmtimes.com/no393/b004.htm [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.] 1 2 51 2 51 2 51 2 5 ‘Chinese Dam Builders Set Up 60 Pillars for Tasang Dam.’ Shan Herald Agency for News, 16 January

2008. http://www.shanland.org/environment/2008/chinese-dam-builders-set-up-60-pillars-for-tasang-dam/ 1 2 61 2 61 2 61 2 6 ‘Tar-hsan Hydropower Project Construction Begins.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 5 April 2007.

http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/07nlm/n070405.htm 1 2 71 2 71 2 71 2 7 ‘Myanmar Pushes Ahead Thanlwin Hydro Projects.’ International Water Power & Dam Construction,

17 April 2007. http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?sectioncode=130&storyCode=2043576; ‘Mystery Decision Puts Burma Dams on Hold.’ Bangkok Post, 12 February 2008; & ‘Samak Green Lights the Salween Hydro-dam.’ The Irrawaddy, 8 March 2008. http://www.bangkokpost.com/breaking_news/breakingnews.php?id=125863

1 2 81 2 81 2 81 2 8 ‘Lt-Gen Kyaw Win Attends Cultivation of 300 Acres of Physic Nut in Hsenwi Station.’ The New Light

of Myanmar, 20 May 2007. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/07nlm/n070520.htm 1 2 91 2 91 2 91 2 9 ‘China Eyes Second Dam on Thanlwin.’ The Myanmar Times, 14 May 2007.

http://mmtimes.com/no366/b005.htm 1 3 01 3 01 3 01 3 0

‘联合踏勘团顺利完成缅甸萨尔温江上游踏勘任务 (Survey Group Completes On-site Upper Salween

River Survey).’ Yunnan Power Grid Co. Website, 28 December 2006. http://www.yndw.com/showinfo.asp?id=37407

4 8

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f { + yDvw Gi f Hanergy Holding Group (formerly China Farsighted Investment

Group) r S j r e fr m hp p ftp kd ;& E Si hf MoU oabm wln Dc s uf vufr S wfa& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 1 3 1 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ { + y Dv 5 & uf ae @ wGi f China Gold Water Resources Co. ukr %̀ Dr S j r efr m hp p ftp kd;& E Si hf MoU oabm wln Dc s uf vufr S wfa& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 1 3 2 China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Co. (CHECC) uk r %̀ D/ CHECC

Kunming Hydroelectric Investigation Design & Research Institute (KHIDI) ukr %̀ DE Si hf China Hanergy Holding Group (r lv China Farsighted Investment Group) ukr %̀ Dw dk@ w& kwfe ,fp y f Qingshuihe Port r S 2 5 uD vkdr D w mc e f@ & Sd oHvGi fj r p fay : wGi f c Ge fvHka& umwm twGuf j z p fE kdi faj c udp Pr s m;aqG; aE G;& e f 2 0 0 8 c kE Sp f/ r wfvwGi f y Dui f ;+ r dK@ a wm fwGi f a wG@ qHkc J h onf? 1 3 3

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ p ufw i fbmvw Gi f KHIDI ukr ` % Dr S j r e fr m hv# y fp p fp Gr f;tm ; 0 e f} uD;X me E Si hf tar & due fa' :vm 5 2 7 0 0 0 0 udk oa bmwl vufr S wf a& ;xkd ;c Jha= umi f ; The Department of

Commerce of Yunnan Province r S tp D& i fc Haz :j y c Jh onf? 1 3 4 2 0 0 8 ckE Sp f/ { + y DvwGi f Sinohydro ukr %̀ D / China Southern Power Grid Co. ukr %̀ DE Si hf China

Three Gorges Project Co. ukr %̀ D wdk@ r S Sinohydro ukr %̀ DX me c s Ky fY oH vGi fj r p fa& tm;v# y fp p f aqm ufvky f a& ;v ky fi e f;t wGuf A s L [m aj r mufy l; ay g i f;vky fa qmi fa& ;a bmi foa bmwl n Dc s u fu dk oabm wlv ufr S wfa& ; xkd; c Jhonf ? 1 3 5

a Zm f* s D ( 1 ) a Zm f* s D ( 1 ) a Zm f* s D ( 1 ) a Zm f* s D ( 1 ) ( 1 8 r D* g 0 y f) / aZ m f* s Dj r p f ( & y fa p m uf+ r dK@ e ,f( 1 8 r D* g 0 y f) / aZ m f* s Dj r p f ( & y fa p m uf+ r dK@ e ,f( 1 8 r D* g 0 y f) / aZ m f* s Dj r p f ( & y fa p m uf+ r dK@ e ,f( 1 8 r D* g 0 y f) / aZ m f* s Dj r p f ( & y fa p m uf+ r dK@ e ,f )))) 1 992 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S run-of-the-river p Dr H ude f; ukd vky fa qmi fc Jh onf ? 1 3 6

2 00 7 c kE Sp f Ekd0 i fbmv wGi f YMEC ukr %̀ D

1 3 11 3 11 3 11 3 1 ‘Myanmar Commits to Building more Hydropower Plants.’ People’s Daily, 7 May 2007.

http://english.people.com.cn/200705/07/eng20070507_372570.html 1 3 21 3 21 3 21 3 2 ‘Myanmar Commits to Building more Hydropower Plants.’ People’s Daily, 7 May 2007.

http://english.people.com.cn/200705/07/eng20070507_372570.html 1 3 31 3 31 3 31 3 3 ‘缅甸滚弄水电站可研阶段工程勘察设计技术大纲咨询会议在北京召开 (Feasibility Meeting for

Burma’s Kunlong Dam Held in Beijing).’ CHECC Website, 11 March 2008.

http://www.checc.cn/news/news.jsp?type=100&new_id=7254&target= 1 3 41 3 41 3 41 3 4 ‘2007年1－9月云南省外经业务统计 (Yunnan Province Overseas Operation Statistics January –

September 2007).’ Department of Commerce of Yunnan Province Website, 22 October 2007. http://www.bofcom.gov.cn/bofcom/433477000347254784/20071022/167375.html

1 3 51 3 51 3 51 3 5 ‘缅甸萨尔温江战略合作框架协议签署 (Salween River Strategic Cooperation Framework Agreement

Signed).’ 金融界, 28 April 2008. http://info.jrj.com.cn/news/2008-04-28/000003585891.html 1 3 61 3 61 3 61 3 6 ‘Overseas & Domestic Projects.’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/about_yj.htm

4 9

udk,fp m ;vS ,fr S j r e fr m hv # y fp p fp Gr f;tm;0 e f} uD;X me E Si h f y p Pnf;ud& d ,ma xmufy Hh a& ; p mc s Ky fukd oabm wlv ufr S wf a& ;x kd ;c Jhon f? 1 3 7 Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering Bureau r S a qmuf vk y f+ y D;p D;+ y Dj z p fonfh Tp Dr Hud e f;ukd E kdi fi H wum p Dr Hude f;tj z p f az :j y I / 4 i f; r S aqmuf vky fa& ;vky fi e f ;Y ulnDy Hhy kd ;o nf[ k ,l qo nf? 1 3 8

a Zm f* s D ( 2 ) ( 1 2 r D* g 0 y f) / aZ m f* s Dj r p fa Zm f* s D ( 2 ) ( 1 2 r D* g 0 y f) / aZ m f* s Dj r p fa Zm f* s D ( 2 ) ( 1 2 r D* g 0 y f) / aZ m f* s Dj r p fa Zm f* s D ( 2 ) ( 1 2 r D* g 0 y f) / aZ m f* s Dj r p f 1 990 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S a& umwm wHc g ;E Si fh a& v G wfy kduf ac g i f;tm; w nfa q mufc Jho nf? 1 3 9

xdk@ e nf; wl r wfv 2 0 0 0 c kE Sp fwGi f p wi fv nfy wf a e onfha& umw m. t a qmuf tt Hkr s m; / a& p p f / a& vGJ a& y d wf aj r mi f;E Si fh a& oGi f ;y dkuf tm; y dkr dkc dki fatmi fj y Kvky fj c i f;wdk@ udk aqm ufa vmu f+ y D;p D;c Jhy g onf? 1 4 0

1 997 c kE Sp f/ Zlvk di fvE Si hf 1 998 c kE Sp f a tmuf wkdbm v= um;w Gi f China Shanghai Corporation

for Foreign Economic & Technological Co-operation (SFECO) r S 6 ' \ r 4 r D* g 0 y ftm;& Sd p Gr f;tm; xkwf vGi fhp uf E Sp f vHk;E Si hf v kdty f onfhy p P nf; ud& d,mr s m; udk axm ufy Hhc Jh onf? 1 4 1

p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} u dK ;v kdi f;p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} u dK ;v kdi f;p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} u dK ;v kdi f;p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} u dK ;v kdi f;

b D; vi f;b D; vi f;b D; vi f;b D; vi f; ---- r dw Îdv mr dw Îdv mr dw Îdv mr dw Îdv m ---- awmi fw Gi f;} uD;awmi fw Gi f;} uD;awmi fw Gi f;} uD;awmi fw Gi f;} uD; ---- r Hk& Gmr Hk& Gmr Hk& Gmr Hk& Gm 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ ' DZi f bmv wGi f Central China Power Grid Co. u kr %̀ Dr S 3 4 0 uDvkdr D wm & Snfvs m; onfh 2 3 0 u Dvkd 0 y ftm;& Sd v# y fp p f} udK; vkdi f; 2 c k/ 2 3 0 uD vkd0 y ftm ;& Sd p Gr f;ti fvG Jaj y mi f; p uf& Hktop f ( 8 ) c kE Si hf w nf& Sd+ y D;a om 2 3 0 uDvk d0 y ftm;& Sd p Gr f ;ti fp u f& Hkuk d wkd;c s J@ & e ftwG u f j r e fr m ha& tm;v# y fp p f0 e f} uD ;X me E Si hf tar & due fa' : v m 5 8 ' \ r 4 rDvD, Hw e fz kd;& Sd oa bmw l

1 3 71 3 71 3 71 3 7 ‘Minister for Electric Power No 1 Receives President of YMEC.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 30

November 2007. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/07nlm/n071130.htm [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.]

1 3 81 3 81 3 81 3 8 ‘Domestic & Overseas Projects.’ Sinohydro 14

th Engineering Bureau Website.

http://www.fcbmis.com/English/Overseas%20Projects.htm 1 3 91 3 91 3 91 3 9 ‘Overseas & Domestic Projects.’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/about_yj.htm; &

‘Zawgyi Hydropower Station (Myanmar).’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/en/hpp/Project_zj.htm

1 4 01 4 01 4 01 4 0 ‘Government Endeavouring for Sufficient Power Supply Zawgyi Hydel Power Station Launched.’ The

New Light of Myanmar, 17 March 2000. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/00nlm/n000317.htm#(2) [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.]

1 4 11 4 11 4 11 4 1 ‘Overseas Contracted Engineering: Project List.’ SFECO Website.

http://www.sfeco.net.cn/e/trade/list.asp; & ‘Government Endeavouring for Sufficient Power Supply Zawgyi Hydel Power Station Launched.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 17 March 2000. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/00nlm/n000317.htm#(2) [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.]

5 0

p mc s Ky fudk vufr S wfa& ;xkd ; c Jhonf ? 1 4 2 aqmufv ky fa& ; vky fi e f;tm ; 2 0 0 4 c kE Sp f/ Zlvkdi fv wGi f p wi fc Jho nf? 1 4 3

b D; vi f; p Gr f; ti fp u f& Hk ( a us m ufq n f+ r dK@ e ,f/ r E Wa v;w kdi f; )b D; vi f; p Gr f; ti fp u f& Hk ( a us m ufq n f+ r dK@ e ,f/ r E Wa v;w kdi f; )b D; vi f; p Gr f; ti fp u f& Hk ( a us m ufq n f+ r dK@ e ,f/ r E Wa v;w kdi f; )b D; vi f; p Gr f; ti fp u f& Hk ( a us m ufq n f+ r dK@ e ,f/ r E Wa v;w kdi f; )

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & Dv wGi f Central China Power Grid International Economic & Trade Co. ukr %̀ Dr S bD ;vi f;+ r dK@ e , f& Sd p Gr f;ti fp uf& Hkt wGu f y p Pnf;u d& d,ma xm ufy Hh& e f j r efr m hv# y fp p f p Gr f;tm;0 e f} uD ;X me E Si hf oa bmwl vufr S wfa& ; xkd ;c Jho nf? 1 4 4

u de f; a wmi f;u de f; a wmi f;u de f; a wmi f;u de f; a wmi f; ---- Kengtawng v# y fp p f} udK ; vkdi f;v# y fp p f} udK ; vkdi f;v# y fp p f} udK ; vkdi f;v# y fp p f} udK ; vkdi f; ( & Sr f;j y n fe ,f)( & Sr f;j y n fe ,f)( & Sr f;j y n fe ,f)( & Sr f;j y n fe ,f) 2 0 0 5 c kE Sp fwGi f Zhejiang Orient Holding Group tz GJ@ r S v# y fp p fy p Pnf;E Si hf 1 3 2 uDvkd0 y ft m; v# y fp p f" mwf} udK; axm ufy Hh & e f j r e fr m hv# y fp p fp Gr f;tm; 0 e f} uD;X me vu fatm uf& Sd a& tm; v# y fp p f p Gr f;ti fu ¾E Si hf t ar & du e fa' :vm 4 ' \ r 5 6 r D vD,H oa bmwl vufr S wf a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 1 4 5 v# y fp p fr D;tm;r s m; udk v_di f vi f/ c i f ;a v;/ a wmi f;} uD ;E Si hf E kdi fi H awm f w0 e f; vHk; v# y fp p f} udK;vk di f; uGe f, uf p onf wkd@ ud k ax mufy Hhr nfj z p f onf? 1 4 6

r kdi f; qe fp Gr f; ti fp uf& Hk r kdi f; qe fp Gr f; ti fp uf& Hk r kdi f; qe fp Gr f; ti fp uf& Hk r kdi f; qe fp Gr f; ti fp uf& Hk ---- Mongsan Substation ( & Sr f; j y nfe ,f)( & Sr f; j y nfe ,f)( & Sr f; j y nfe ,f)( & Sr f; j y nfe ,f) 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & Dv wGi f Central China Power Grid International Economic & Trade Co.

ukr %̀ Dr S r dki f; qe f+ r dK@ e ,f& Sd p Gr f;ti fp uf& H ktwG uf ud& d ,mr s m;axm ufy Hh& e f j r e fr m hv# y fp p fp Gr f;tm; 0 e f} uD;X me E Si hf oa bmwl vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J ho nf? 1 4 7

aj r mi f; wc g ;aj r mi f; wc g ;aj r mi f; wc g ;aj r mi f; wc g ; ---- v_di fwc g ;v_di fwc g ;v_di fwc g ;v_di fwc g ; ---- a& = u nfa& = u nfa& = u nfa& = u nf (Myaungdagar-Hlaingthagar-Yekyi) 2 0 0 4 ckE Sp f/ r wf vwGi f Central China Power Grid International Economic & Trade Co.

ukr %̀ Dr S 2 3 0 uDv kd0 y ftm ;& Sd aj r mi f; wc g ;p Gr f;ti f vGJaj y mi f;p uf& Hk udk wdk;c s J@ & e f/ 2 3 0 uDvkd0 y ftm; & Sd v_di f wc g ;p Gr f;ti f vGJaj y mi f;p uf& Hk aqm ufv ky f& e f/ 2 3 0 uDvkd0 y fp Gr f ;tm;& S d a& = unfp Gr f; ti f

1 4 21 4 21 4 21 4 2 ‘谢明亮率华中电网公司经贸代表团访问缅甸 双方签署缅甸泊宁等三个输变电工程项目合同

(CCPGC Visits Burma & Signs Contracts for Transformation Substations & Transmission).’ CCPGC

Website, 5 January 2007. http://intl.ccpg.com.cn/pub/huazhong/tpxw/wsjl/t20070105_10381.htm 1 4 31 4 31 4 31 4 3 ‘缅甸总理梭温率团访问华中电网有限公司 (Burmese Prime Minister Soe Win Visits CCPGC).’

CCPGC Website, 7 November 2006. ttp://202.110.186.75:8080/pub/huazhong/gjjldt/t20061107_9698.htm 1 4 41 4 41 4 41 4 4 ‘China, Myanmar Ink Contract on Purchase of Electrical Goods.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 4

January 2007 http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/07nlm/n070104.htm; & Platts. 2007. Platts

Myanmar Country Energy Profile. [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this document.] 1 4 51 4 51 4 51 4 5

‘Hydro-electric Power Department Inks Contract to Purchase Chinese Electrical Equipment.’ Myanmar

Information Committee Yangon Information Sheet, 23 August 2005. http://www.myanmar-information.net/infosheet/2005/050823.htm [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.]

1 4 61 4 61 4 61 4 6 Ibid.

1 4 71 4 71 4 71 4 7 ‘China, Myanmar Ink Contract on Purchase of Electrical Goods.’ The New Light of Myanmar, January

4, 2007 http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/07nlm/n070104.htm; & Platts. 2007. Platts Myanmar

Country Energy Profile. [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this document.]

5 1

vGJaj y mi ;p u f& Hka qmuf vky f & e fE Si hf 2 3 0 uDvkd0 y ftm;& Sd v# y fp p f} udK;vk di f; 2 c kaqm ufvky f& e f ( 1 60 uDvkd0 y f tm;wp fc kE Si fh 4 0 uDvkd0 y f tm; wp fc k) o a bmwl vufr S wfa& ; xkd ;c Jho nf? 4 i f; twG uf aqm ufvky f a& ;u d& d,m. 90 & mc kdi fE _e f;tm; w& k wfE kd i fi Hr S wi fy kd@ r nfj z p fon f? 1 4 8

& e fu ke f/ ' * Hkp Gr f; ti fp u f& Hk ( & e fu ke fwkdi f; )& e fu ke f/ ' * Hkp Gr f; ti fp u f& Hk ( & e fu ke fwkdi f; )& e fu ke f/ ' * Hkp Gr f; ti fp u f& Hk ( & e fu ke fwkdi f; )& e fu ke f/ ' * Hkp Gr f; ti fp u f& Hk ( & e fu ke fwkdi f; ) 1 993 c kE Sp fwGi f Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) ukr %̀ Dr S 68 0 0 uDvkd0 y ftm ;& Sd Tp D r Hude f; ukd p wi fa qm ufvky f c Jhonf ? 1 4 9

& e fu ke f& e fu ke f& e fu ke f& e fu ke f ---- a& = un f ( & e fu ke fw kdi f; )a& = un f ( & e fu ke fw kdi f; )a& = un f ( & e fu ke fw kdi f; )a& = un f ( & e fu ke fw kdi f; ) 2 0 0 4 ckE Sp f/ r wf vwGi f Central China Power Grid Co. (CCPGC) ukr %̀ DE Si hf 4 i f;.ukr %̀ Dc GJ j z p fonfh Central China Power Grid International Economic & Trade Co. ukr %̀ Dwkd@ r S j r e fr m hp p ftp dk;& E Si hf 2 3 0 uDvkd0 y f tm;& Sd p Gr f ;ti fv GJa j y mi f;p uf& HkE Si hf 2 3 0 uD vkd 0 y ftm;& Sd v# y fp p f } udK;vk di f;a qmu fvky f& e f tar & due fa' :vm 1 6 ' \ r 1 r DvD ,H oa bm wlv ufr Swf a& ; xkd;c J h onf? 1 50

a & $v D ( 1 ) p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} udK ; vkdi f; ( & Sr f;j y nfe ,f)a & $v D ( 1 ) p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} udK ; vkdi f; ( & Sr f;j y nfe ,f)a & $v D ( 1 ) p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} udK ; vkdi f; ( & Sr f;j y nfe ,f)a & $v D ( 1 ) p Gr f; ti fp uf& HkE Si hf v# y fp p f} udK ; vkdi f; ( & Sr f;j y nfe ,f) 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp fwGi f a& $vD a' o& Sd p Gr f;ti fp uf& Hkt wGu f y p Pnf;ud& d,mr s m;a xm ufy Hh& e f Central

China Power China Power Grid International Economic & Trade Co. ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr m h v# y fp p fp Gr f;tm;0 e f} u D;X me E Si hf oabm wlv ufr Sw fa& ; xkd;c Jh onf ? 1 51

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ r wf vwGi f Yunnan Electric Power Design Institute r S e D,Ge f (Niyou) j r pfa& tm; v# y fp p fp Dr Hude f;j z i hf a& $vD ( 1 ) a' oE Si hf c s dwf qu fr nfh 2 2 0 uDvkd0 y fp Gr f;tm ;& Sd v# y fp p f} udK;vk di f; twGuf j z p fE kdi faj c avh vm c s ufudk j y Kvky f+ y D;p D;c Jha= um i f; China Southern Power Grid Co.

ukr %̀ Dr S tp D& i fc Hc Jho nf? ,i f;e D,Ge fj r p ftm; w& k wfE kdi fi H/ ,le e fj y nfe ,fr S * s i f& Smj r pf (Jinsha

River) . j r p fvuf ouf w p fc kj z p fonf? 1 52

1 4 81 4 81 4 81 4 8 ‘华中电力国际经贸公司积极拓展缅甸市场 - 缅甸M.H.Y.230KV输电线路及变电站项目签约

(CCPGC Enthusiastically Opens Burma Markets – Burma’s M.H.Y. 230 kV Transmission Line & Substation Projects Signed).’ CCPGC Website, 20 July 2004. http://202.110.186.75:8080/pub/huazhong/swgc/t20041208_0721.htm ; &

‘华中电力国贸公司承建缅甸MHY项目进展顺利 (CCGC’s MHY Project Makes Progress).’ CCPGC

Website, 2 November 2006. http://202.110.186.75:8080/pub/huazhong/tpxw/gcjz/t20061102_10239.htm 1 4 91 4 91 4 91 4 9

‘Overseas & Domestic Projects.’ YMEC Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/cn/about_yj.htm 1 5 01 5 01 5 01 5 0

‘华电国贸公司积极拓展缅甸市场 (CCPGC Enthusiastically Opens Burmese Market).’ CCPGC

Website, 8 December 2004. http://202.110.186.75:8080/pub/huazhong/gjjldt/t20041208_0697.htm 1 5 11 5 11 5 11 5 1 ‘China, Myanmar Ink Contract on Purchase of Electrical Goods.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 4

January 2007 http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/07nlm/n070104.htm; & Platts. 2007. Platts

Myanmar Country Energy Profile. [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this document.] 1 5 21 5 21 5 21 5 2 ‘瑞丽江电站送出(缅甸侧)完成踏勘 (Shweli River Transmission Exploration Complete).’ China

Southern Power Grid Website, 19 March 2007. http://www.csg.cn/news/compnewscon.aspx?id=10024&ItemCode=002007000000

5 2

2 0 0 3 ckE Sp fwGi f Sichuan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr m h v# y fp p fvky fi e f;X me E Si hfj y K vk y fxm;o nfh t ar & due f a' : vm 3 4 ' \ r 7 2 r DvD ,H oa bmwl nD c s ufj z i hf a& $vDE Si h f r E Wa v; tm; c s dy fq uf onfh 3 5 6 uDvkdr D wmt& S nf/ 2 3 0 uDvkd0 y fp Gr f ;tm;& Sd v# y fp p f} udK;vk di f;E Sp fc k ukd a qmuf vky fwy fqi fc J hon f? 1 53 Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. ukr %̀ Dr S a& $v DE Si hf & e f uke f udk c s dy fq uf on fh 2 3 0 - 3 5 0 uDvkd0 y fp Gr f ;t m;& Sd p wD ;v# y fp p f} udK ;wkdi f r s m;twGuf a qmuf vky fa & ;vky fi e f;r s m; u kd y Hhy kd;ul nDc Jh onf? 1 54

a & $p m& H p Gr f; ti fp uf& Hk ( a us mu fq nf+ r dK@ e , f/ r E Wa v ;w kdi f; )a & $p m& H p Gr f; ti fp uf& Hk ( a us mu fq nf+ r dK@ e , f/ r E Wa v ;w kdi f; )a & $p m& H p Gr f; ti fp uf& Hk ( a us mu fq nf+ r dK@ e , f/ r E Wa v ;w kdi f; )a & $p m& H p Gr f; ti fp uf& Hk ( a us mu fq nf+ r dK@ e , f/ r E Wa v ;w kdi f; ) 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & DvwG i f China Power Grid International Economic & Trade Co.

ukr %̀ Dr S a& $p m& Hp Gr f ;ti fp uf& Hkt wGuf y p Pn f;ud& d, mr s m ;axmufy H h& e f j r e fr m hv# y fp p fp Gr f;tm; 0 e f} uD;X me E Si hf oa bmwl vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J ho nf? 1 55

a & 0 p Gr f; ti fp uf& Hk ( r E Wa v ;w kdi f; )a & 0 p Gr f; ti fp uf& Hk ( r E Wa v ;w kdi f; )a & 0 p Gr f; ti fp uf& Hk ( r E Wa v ;w kdi f; )a & 0 p Gr f; ti fp uf& Hk ( r E Wa v ;w kdi f; ) 2 0 0 6 ' DZi fbmvw Gi f Central China Power Grid Co. (CCPGC), E Si fh Ministry of Electric Power,

wdk@ .tp nf ;ta0 ;wGi f Chinese government export seller’s credit .ai Gom; t ar & due fa' : vm oe f; 2 0 0 tm; Sino-Burmese joint venture construction rS r D;o G,fy dk@ a& ; p u f & Hkc GJE Si fh uDvkd0 y f 5 0 0 tm;& Sd" g wf} udK ; oG ,fwe f;E dki f& e ftw Guf t= ur f;a& ; qGJ xm; onf h p mxJwGi f xnfh oGi f; a& ;om;c Jho nf? 1 56

China National Heavy Machinery Co. (CHMC) ukr %̀ Dr S uD vkdr D wm 3 0 0 & Snfo nfh/ uDvkd0 y f 3 2 0 p Gr f;tm ;& Sd v# y fp p f} udK;vd ki f;wy fqi f& e f E Si hf vay g i f; 2 0 = um p Gr f; ti fp uf& Hk ( 3 ) c k wnfa qm uf& e ft wGuf w& kwftp k d;& a xmufy H hai G tar & due fa' :vm 4 5 ' \ r 8 5 r DvD, H toHk;j y K& e f o abm wlv ufr Swf a& ;xk d;c Jh onf ? 1 57 ,i f;p Dr Hude f;tm ; qGp f Zmve f. COLENCO

1 5 31 5 31 5 31 5 3 ‘Myanmar Installs More Transmission Lines for New Power Plant.’ Xinhua General News Service, 5

July 2007. 1 5 41 5 41 5 41 5 4

‘About Huyong.’ Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. Website. http://www.hydl-

cn.com/en/aboutus.htm [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this link.] 1 5 51 5 51 5 51 5 5

‘China, Myanmar Ink Contract on Purchase of Electrical Goods.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 4

January 2007 http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/07nlm/n070104.htm; & Platts. 2007. Platts

Myanmar Country Energy Profile. [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for providing this document.] 1 5 61 5 61 5 61 5 6 ‘谢明亮率华中电网公司经贸代表团访问缅甸—双方签署缅甸泊宁等三个输变电工程项目合同

(CCPGC Visit to Burma – Bilateral Agreements for Belin Substation & Transmission Projects Signed).’ CCPGC Website, 5 January 2007. http://202.110.186.75:8080/pub/huazhong/gjjldt/t20070105_10380.htm

1 5 71 5 71 5 71 5 7 ‘Chinese Companies to Build Burmese Hydropower Projects.’ BBC World Monitoring, 2 September

2005; ‘热烈祝贺缅甸耶瓦水电站输变电项目合同签订 (Congratulations on the Signing of the Burma

Yeywa Hydropower Plant Contract).’ CHMC Website, 2 September 2005. http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1264;

5 3

Power Engineering Co. ukr %̀ Dr S tw dki fy i fc Hv k y fi e f;r s m;y Hhy kd;u lnDc Jh a= umi f; 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f CHMC tp D& i fc Hp mr S az :j y c Jhonf? 1 58 2 0 0 7 ckE Sp f/ r wf vwGi f CHMC r S j r efr mE kd i fi Hokd@ aqm uf vky fa& ;y p P nf;r s m; we fay g i f; 3 5 1 we f wi fy kd@ c Jh+ y D; / 1 59 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fbm vwG i f CHMC r S China Power Grid Co. ukr %̀ DE Si hf Beijing Electric Power Construction Research Institute

of State Grid Corporation of China. wkd@ E Si hfy l ;ay g i f; I v# y fp p f} udK;w kdi fr s m;E Si hf v# y fp p f" mwftm; vGJaj y mi f;p uf& Hk ( 8 ) c ktm; p y f;oy fr _r s m;j y Kvky fc Jh on f? 1 60

a e & ma' or s m;a e & ma' or s m;a e & ma' or s m;a e & ma' or s m; r az :j y E kdi fo nfh a& um wmr s m;r az :j y E kdi fo nfh a& um wmr s m;r az :j y E kdi fo nfh a& um wmr s m;r az :j y E kdi fo nfh a& um wmr s m;

p Ge fz l;p Ge fz l;p Ge fz l;p Ge fz l; (Songpu) (7 '7 '7 '7 ' \\\\ r 5 r D* g 0 y fr 5 r D* g 0 y fr 5 r D* g 0 y fr 5 r D* g 0 y f )))) CHECC Kunming Hydroelectric Investigation, Design and Research Institute r S 1 997 c kE Sp f/ ar vE Si hf 1 999 c kE Sp f/ { + y Dv= um;wGi f a qmuf vky fc Jho nfh tj r Si fh r Dwm 5 0 & Sdonfh T a& tm;v# y fp p fp Dr Hude f;tm ; 4 i f;. 0 y f qkdu f' fay : wGi f az :j y c Jhonf ? okd@ ao m fv nf; vkdty f on fh owi f; tc s uftv uf ta o;p dwfr s m; az :j y xm;j c i f; r & Sday ? 1 61 ‘Piaoliang’ ( 4 0 0 r D* g 0 y f)( 4 0 0 r D* g 0 y f)( 4 0 0 r D* g 0 y f)( 4 0 0 r D* g 0 y f) China Gezhouba Group Co. (CGGC) ukr %̀ Dr S o H xnft aqm uft t Hk/ v# y f p p fp Gr f;tm; xkwf vGi fhr _y p P nf;u d& d,mE S i hf uDvkd0 y f 2 3 0 tm;& Sd v# y fp p f" mwftm;} u dK; vkdi f;r s m; twGuf j r e fr m h v# y fp p fp Gr f;tm;0 e f} u D;X me tr Swf ( 1 ) E Si hf 2 0 0 7 ckE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & DvwGi f 2 1 vp m oabmw l vufr S wf a& ;x dk;c Jh onf ? 1 62

‘缅甸YEYWA水电站输变电工程项目计划顺利折行中 (Burma’s Yeywa Hydropower Plant Plans

Proceeding Smoothly).’ CHMC Website, 30 November 2006.

http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1594; & ‘缅甸YEYWA输，变电项目正式启动执行

(Burma Yeywa Distribution & Transformation Substation Begins Formal Implementation).’ CHMC

Website, 6 April 2006. http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1436 1 5 81 5 81 5 81 5 8

‘缅甸YEYWA输，变电项目正式启动执行 (Burma Yeywa Distribution & Transformation Substation

Begins Formal Implementation).’ CHMC Website, 6 April 2006. http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1436

1 5 91 5 91 5 91 5 9 ‘缅甸YEYWA输变电项目第一批发货任务圆满完成 (Burma’s Yeywa Substation Project Begins

Wholesale Production).’ CHMC Website, 5 April 2007. http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1654

1 6 01 6 01 6 01 6 0 ‘缅甸YEYWA输变电铁塔真型实验完成 (Burma Yeywa Transmission & Transformation Tower Test

Complete).’ CHMC Website, 30 November 2007. http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1803 1 6 11 6 11 6 11 6 1

‘缅甸松普水电站 (Songpu Hydropower Station in Myanmar).’ KHIDI Website.

http://www.khidi.com:8083/ShowMess.asp?ArticleID=826 1 6 21 6 21 6 21 6 2 ‘缅甸漂亮水电站设备供货项目 (Burma ‘Piaoliang’ Hydropower Plant Equipment Project.’ CGGC

Website, 25 July, 2008. http://www.cggc.cn/news_show.asp?type=&UidA=1006&UidB=1048&id=3682

5 4

a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@

& c kdi fj y n f& c kdi fj y n f& c kdi fj y n f& c kdi fj y n f PetroChina r S & c kdi fj y nfe ,f ur f; vGe fa' or s m;wGi f & Smaz Ga& ; vky fi e f;r s m; j y Kvk y fc Jhonf ? China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) .ukr %̀ Dc GJj z p fo nfh China Oilfield Services

Limited (COSL) r S a' 0 l;ukr ` % Dy kdi fu Guf twGi f ; ur f; vGe f& Smaz G a& ; vky fi e f;r s m;j y Kvky f& e f tar & due fa' :vm 4 6 r D vD,H oa bmwl vufr S wf a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 1 63 obm0 " m wfai G@ xk wf,lr _ r s m; p wi fvky fukdi f ae + y D;j z p f a= umi f; 2 0 0 7 Ze fe 0 g & Dvr SxGuf onfh tp Dc Hp mwGi f az :j y c Jhonf ? 1 64

v ky fu Gu ftr Sw f (v ky fu Gu ftr Sw f (v ky fu Gu ftr Sw f (v ky fu Gu ftr Sw f (A-1) ( ur) ( ur) ( ur) ( ur f; v Ge fa ' o)f; v Ge fa ' o)f; v Ge fa ' o)f; v Ge fa ' o) 2 0 0 5 c kE Sp f E Sp fu ke fy kdi f; wGi f China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) ESi hf a [ mi faumi ft aj c p kduf PetroChina ukr ` % Dc GJo nf o bm0 " mwf a i G@ r s m; 0 ,f,l& e f Myanma Oil & Gas

Enterprise E Si hf f MoU o a bmwl vufr S wfa& ; xkd ;c Jho nf? 1 65 ,i f;oa bmw lnDr _ wG i f CNPC rS tp k& S,f, m 60 & mc kdi fE _e f; y kdi fqkdi f+ y D; / PetroChina r S 4 0 & mc dki fE _e f;y kdi fqk di fc Jho nf? 1 66 China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) .ukr %̀ Dc GJj z p fonfh China Oilfield Services Limited

(COSL) rS ur f ;vGe f ob m0 " mwfai G@ 0 e fa qmi fr _v ky f i e f;r s m;twG uf 2 0 0 5 c kE S p fwGi f j r e fr m hp p f tp kd;& E Si fh o abmw lv ufr S wfa& ; xkd;c Jh+ y D ;/ xkdi f;E kdi fi H PTT ukr %̀ DE Si hf t dE N d,E kdi fi H ONGC Videsh

ukr %̀ D wkd@ E Si hft+ y dKi f xk wf vky fa& ;& S ,f,mE Sp fc k y kdi fq kd i fc Jha= umi f; China National Petroleum Co.

(CNPC) r S az :j y c Jhonf ? 1 67 4i f;tm; NHII oabFmE Si hf obm0 " mwf ai G@ xkw f,la & ;vky fi e f;r s m ; axmufy Hh& e f & ufay g i f; 6 0 oufwr f ;& Sdo nfh t ar & due fa' : vm 6 r DvD ,H oabm wlp mc s Ky f wp fc kudk a' 0 l ;ukr ` % DE Si hf 2 0 0 5 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fbmv wGi f vufr Swfa& ;xkd ;c Jha= umi f; COSL r S tp D& i fc Hc Jho nf? 1 68

1 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 3

‘COSL Signs New Drilling Contracts in Myanmar & Australia.’ COSL Website, 24 November 2005.

http://210.77.145.59/servlet/Node?Node=35271&Language=0 1 6 41 6 41 6 41 6 4 ‘Less than Expected Reserves in OVL’s IRNA.’ Iranian News Agency Distributed by UPI, 17 January

2007. 1 6 51 6 51 6 51 6 5

‘PetroChina Seeks Myanmar Gas Deal.’ Myanmar Times, 16 January 2006. 1 6 61 6 61 6 61 6 6

‘China Replaces India in Deal for Shwe Gas.’ Shwe Gas Bulletin Vol.1 Issue 9., December 2005.

http://burmalibrary.org/docs3/SGB01-09.pdf 1 6 71 6 71 6 71 6 7

‘中缅能源管道将进入建设阶段 年输一千万吨石油 (Sino-Burmese Energy Pipelines Enter New

Phase).’ CNPC Website, 3 April 2007. http://www.cnpc.com.cn/CNPC/xwzx/hyxx/%e4%b8%ad%e7%bc%85%e8%83%bd%e6%ba%90%e7%ae%a1%e9%81%93%e5%b0%86%e8%bf%9b%e5%85%a5%e5%bb%ba%e8%ae%be%e9%98%b6%e6%ae%b5%20%e5%b9%b4%e8%be%93%e4%b8%80%e5%8d%83%e4%b8%87%e5%90%a8%e7%9f%b3%e6%b2%b9.htm

1 6 81 6 81 6 81 6 8 ‘COSL Signs New Drilling Contracts in Myanmar & Australia.’ COSL Website, 23 November 2005.

http://www.iprogilvy.com/NewsReleaseFile/23-11-05.pdf

5 5

v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f A-3 ( ur( ur( ur( ur f; v Ge fa' o)f; v Ge fa' o)f; v Ge fa' o)f; v Ge fa' o) 2 0 0 5 ckE Sp f E Sp fuke fy kdi f ;wG i f China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) ESi hf a[mi fa umi f taj c p kduf PetroChina ukr %̀ Dc GJ onf obm0 " m wfai G@ r s m; 0 ,f ,l& e f Myanma Oil & Gas

Enterprise E Si hff MoU oa bmwl vufr S wfa& ; xkd ;c Jho nf? 1 69 ,i f;oa bmwl nDr _wG i f CNPC r S

tp k& S,f, m 60 & mc kdi fE _e f; y kdi fqkdi f+ y D; / PetroChina r S 4 0 & mc dki fE _e f;y kdi fqk di fc Jho nf? 1 70

v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f A-4 ( ur( ur( ur( ur f; v Ge fa' o)f; v Ge fa' o)f; v Ge fa' o)f; v Ge fa' o) China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) Myanmar ukr %̀ D / China Huanqiu Contracting &

Engineering Co. ukr %̀ DE S i hf Golden Aaron Pte. p onfhukr ` % Dwk d@ r S y g 0 ifz GJ@ p nf; xm;o nfh Sino-

Singaporean Consortium wp fc konf obm0 " m wfai G@ & Smaz G a& ;t wGuf j r e fr mp p ftp kd;& E Si hf 2 0 0 4 c kE Sp fwGi f xkwf vky f a& ;tp k& S, f,m oabm wl p mc s Ky f vufr Swf a& ;xk d;c Jh onf? 1 71

2 0 0 8 c kE Sp f/ az az :0 g & Dv wGi f 4 i f; wkd@ .vky f uGuf tr Swf C-1 E Si hf A-4 wkd@ tm; xkdi f;E k di fi H PTT r S 2 0 & mc kdi f E _e f; y kdi fqkdi f xm; onfh M-3 E Si hf M-4 vky f uGufE Si h f vJ vSnfr nfj z p fa= umi f; CNOOC r S tp D& i fcH c Jhonf ? 1 72

v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f AD-1 ( ur( ur( ur( ur f; vGe fa ' o / f; vGe fa ' o / f; vGe fa ' o / f; vGe fa ' o / a& wdr fy kdi f; / y s r f; r # r Dw m 2 0 0 )a& wdr fy kdi f; / y s r f; r # r Dw m 2 0 0 )a& wdr fy kdi f; / y s r f; r # r Dw m 2 0 0 )a& wdr fy kdi f; / y s r f; r # r Dw m 2 0 0 ) 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & DvwG i f China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) International E Si hf j r e fr m h p Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD;X me wkd@ r S & Sm az Ga& ;E Si hf xkwf vky fa& ; t p k& S,f,m oab mwlc s Ky f vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J h onf? ,i f;ae @ tm ; j r e fr mE kdi fi Htay : z dtm ;ay ;r _r s m;wkd;j r i fh& e f ur Bm huk vor * ~v kH+ c HKa& ; aumi fp Dr S xky fj y e fr nhf xk wfj y e faus nmc s uf udk w& k wfE kdi fi Hy ,fc s + y D; oHk;& ufaj r mufo nfhae @ j z p f onf? 1 73 CNPC r S ,i f; obm0 " mwf ai G@ vky f uGuf tm; 1 0 0 & mc kdi fE _e f;y kdi f qkdi f+ y D; p p f wr f; aumuf a vh vmr _r s m;j y Kvk y fawm hr n fj z p fonf ? 1 74

1 6 91 6 91 6 91 6 9 ‘印竞逐缅甸天然气采购权 (China & India Compete for Burma Natural Gas Rights).’ China Land &

Resources News, 16 March 2007. http://www.clr.cn/front/chinaResource/read/news-info4.asp?ID=109029 1 7 01 7 01 7 01 7 0 ‘China Replaces India in Deal for Shwe Gas.’ Shwe Gas Bulletin Vol.1 Issue 9., December 2005.

http://burmalibrary.org/docs3/SGB01-09.pdf 1 7 11 7 11 7 11 7 1 ‘China Ups Myanmar Acreage.’ International Oil Daily, 17 December 2004. 1 7 21 7 21 7 21 7 2

‘Thailand PTTEP in Deal with CNOOC in Myanmar.’ Reuters, 13 February 2007.

http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssEnergyNews/idUSBKK2053820080213?rpc=401& 1 7 31 7 31 7 31 7 3

‘China Signs 3 Deals in Myanmar, Defying Western Pressure.’ International Oil Daily, 18 January

2007; & ‘CNPC Signs Oil & Gas Contracts with Myanmar.’ CNPC Website, 17 January 2007. http://www.cnpc.com.cn/eng/press/newsreleases/CNPCsignsoilandgascontractswithMyanmar.htm

1 7 41 7 41 7 41 7 4 Ibid.

5 6

China National Oil & Gas Exploration & Development Co. (CNODC) ukr ` % Dr S ,i f;o bm0 " mwf ai G@ vky f uGuf& Sm az Ga& ; twG uf 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & Dv wGi f Myanma Oil &

Gas Enterprise (MOGE) oabm wlv ufr S wfa& ; xkd; c Jhonf ? 1 75

v ky fu Guv ky fu Guv ky fu Guv ky fu Gu f f f f AD-6 ( u( u( u( u rrrr f; v Ge fa ' o a& e ufy kdi f; / y s r f; r # r Dw m 2 0 0 0 )f; v Ge fa ' o a& e ufy kdi f; / y s r f; r # r Dw m 2 0 0 0 )f; v Ge fa ' o a& e ufy kdi f; / y s r f; r # r Dw m 2 0 0 0 )f; v Ge fa ' o a& e ufy kdi f; / y s r f; r # r Dw m 2 0 0 0 ) 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & DvwG i f China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) International E Si hf j r e fr m h p Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD;X me wkd@ r S & Sm az Ga& ;E Si hf xkwf vky fa& ; t p k& S,f,m oab mwlc s Ky f vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J h onf? ,i f;ae @ tm ; j r e fr mE kdi fi Htay : z dtm ;ay ;r _r s m;wkd;j r i fh& e f ur Bm huk vor * ~v kH+ c HKa& ; aumi fp Dr S xky fj y e fr nhf xk wfj y e faus nmc s uf udk w& k wfE kdi fi Hy ,fc s + y D; oHk;& ufaj r mufo nfhae @ j z p f onf? 1 76 CNPC r S ,i f; obm0 " mwf ai G@ vky f uGuf tm; 1 0 0 & mc kdi fE _e f;y k di f qkdi f+ y D; p p f wr f; aumuf avh vmr _r s m;j y Kvk y fawm hr n fj z p fonf ? 1 77 China National Oil & Gas Exploration & Development Co. (CNODC) ukr ` % Dr S ,i f;o bm0 " mwf ai G@ vky f uGuf& Sm az Ga& ; twG uf 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & Dv wGi f Myanma Oil &

Gas Enterprise (MOGE) oabm wlv ufr S wfa& ; xkd; c Jhonf ? 1 78

v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f (AD-8) ( ur( ur( ur( ur f; vGe fa ' o / a& e ufy kdi f; / yf; vGe fa ' o / a& e ufy kdi f; / yf; vGe fa ' o / a& e ufy kdi f; / yf; vGe fa ' o / a& e ufy kdi f; / y s r f; r # r Dw m 2 0 0 0 )s r f; r # r Dw m 2 0 0 0 )s r f; r # r Dw m 2 0 0 0 )s r f; r # r Dw m 2 0 0 0 ) 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & DvwG i f China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) International E Si hf j r e fr m h p Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD;X me wkd@ r S & Sm az Ga& ;E Si hf xkwf vky fa& ; t p k& S,f,m oab mwlc s Ky f vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J h onf? ,i f;ae @ tm ; j r e fr mE kdi fi Htay : z dtm ;ay ;r _r s m;wkd;j r i fh& e f ur Bm huk vor * ~v kH+ c HKa& ; aumi fp Dr S xky fj y e fr nhf xk wfj y e faus nmc s uf udk w& k wfE kdi fi Hy ,fc s + y D; oHk;& ufaj r mufo nfhae @ j z p f onf? 1 79

CNPC r S ,i f; obm0 " mwf ai G@ vky f uGuf tm; 1 0 0 & mc kdi fE _e f;y kdi f qkdi f+ y D; p p fwr f; aumuf a vh vmr _r s m;j y Kvk y fawm hr n fj z p fonf ? 1 80 China National Oil & Gas Exploration & Development Co. (CNODC) ukr ` % Dr S ,i f;o bm0 " mwf ai G@ vky f uGuf& Sm az Ga& ; twG uf 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & Dv wGi f Myanma Oil &

Gas Enterprise (MOGE) oabm wlv ufr S wfa& ; xkd; c Jhonf ? 1 81

1 7 51 7 51 7 51 7 5 ‘China Signs 3 Deals in Myanmar, Defying Western Pressure.’ International Oil Daily, 18 January

2007; & ‘CNPC Signs Oil & Gas Contracts with Myanmar.’ CNPC Website, 17 January 2007. http://www.cnpc.com.cn/eng/press/newsreleases/CNPCsignsoilandgascontractswithMyanmar.htm

1 7 61 7 61 7 61 7 6 Ibid. 1 7 71 7 71 7 71 7 7

Ibid. 1 7 81 7 81 7 81 7 8 Ibid. 1 7 91 7 91 7 91 7 9 Ibid. 1 8 01 8 01 8 01 8 0 Ibid. 1 8 11 8 11 8 11 8 1 Ibid.

5 7

v ku fu Guf v ku fu Guf v ku fu Guf v ku fu Guf L (((( uke f; w Gi f;y kdi f;uke f; w Gi f;y kdi f;uke f; w Gi f;y kdi f;uke f; w Gi f;y kdi f; )))) China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) Sichuan Petroleum Geophysical Prospecting Co.

ukr %̀ D onf To bm0 " m wfai G@ vky f uGu fY uD vkdr Dw m 3 0 0 0 e f;us i ftwGi f ; p r f ;wy fr _j y Kvky f& e f t dE Nd,E kdi fi H ESSAR r Sav vH0 ,f ,lc Jho nf? 1 82

v ky fu Gu fv ky fu Gu fv ky fu Gu fv ky fu Gu f M ( uke f;( uke f;( uke f;( uke f; wGi f; y kdi f;wGi f; y kdi f;wGi f; y kdi f;wGi f; y kdi f; / aus mi f;j z L a' o)/ aus mi f;j z L a' o)/ aus mi f;j z L a' o)/ aus mi f;j z L a' o) 2 0 0 5 ckE Sp fwGi f China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) Sichuan Petroleum Geophysical

Prospecting Co. ukr %̀ DE Si hf China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) ukr %̀ D wkd@ r S & r f;A D; uGs e f;Y 2D p r f; wy fr _r s m;j y Kvky fc Jh onf? 1 83

Tvky fuG ufr S " m wfai G@ wGi f ;E Sp fwGi f ;tm ; b D vy faj r avmi f ; & e f/ p r f; oy fwl ;az :& e fE Si fh " mwfai G@ t& nf xk wf,l& e f twGuf 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f / Ze fe 0 g & DvwGi f China

Oilfield Services Limited r S CNOOC Myanmar E Si hf w& k wf,Ge fai G r D vD,H 4 0 oabm w l vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J ho nf? 1 84 China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) Myanmar, China

Huanqiu Contracting & Engineering Co. ukr %̀ DE S i hf Golden Aaron Pte. p onfh ukr %̀ D wkd@ r S y g 0 ifz GJ@ p nf; xm; onfh Sino-Singaporean Consortium onf 2 0 0 4 c kE Sp f/ atmufwkd bmv wGi f Myanma Oil & Gas Enterprise E Si hf E Sp fay g i f; 2 0 xkwf vky fa& ; tp k& S, f,m oabm wlp mc s Ky f vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J ho nf? 1 85

r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f;

y k* Hp Dr Hu de f;y k* Hp Dr Hu de f;y k* Hp Dr Hu de f;y k* Hp Dr Hu de f; ( uke f;( uke f;( uke f;( uke f; wGi f;y dki f; )wGi f;y dki f; )wGi f;y dki f; )wGi f;y dki f; ) Chinnery Assets on f China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) Hong Kong E Si h f CNPC

International wkd@ tp k& S,f,my kdi fq kdi fr _ oa bmwl v ufr Swf a& ;xk d;c Jh onfh 2 0 0 1 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i fbmv 1 6 & ufae @ wGi f xlax mi f c Jhonf ? ,i f; tp k& S,f ,m tm; (CNPC) Hong Kong E Si h f CNPC

International 5 0 & mc kdi fE _e f ;p D y kdi f qdki f= u onf ? 1 86 xkdae @ r Smj y i f Chinnery Assets r S y k* Hp Dr Hude f ;Y xkwf vky fa& ; tp k& S, f,m oabm wlnDc s u f oH k;c kw Gi f twkd ; 7 0 & mc kdi fE _e f ;& ,l& e f Canada’s TG

World E Si hf oabm wl v ufr Swf a& ;xd k;c Jh+ y D; / 4 i f;tm ; tar & due fa' : vm 90 0 0 0 0 we fonf h

1 8 21 8 21 8 21 8 2 ‘缅甸L区块, 勘探川军迈步越 (Burma’s L Block, Prospects Advance).’ CNPC Sichuan Petroleum

Geophysical Prospecting Co. Website, 19 July 2007. http://www.sgc-prc.com/news_detail.aspx?id=489&cate_id=1

1 8 31 8 31 8 31 8 3 ‘四川物探与中海油缅甸公司再度握手 (CNPC Sichuan Petroleum Geophysical Prospecting Co. &

CNOOC Cooperate Again in Burma).’ CNPC Sichuan Petroleum Geophysical Prospecting Co. Website, 1 December 2005. http://www.sgc-prc.com/news_detail.aspx?id=148&cate_id=1

1 8 41 8 41 8 41 8 4 ‘COSL Secured New Overseas Well Service Contracts in Myanmar.’ COSL Website, 16 January 2006.

http://www.iprogilvy.com/NewsReleaseFile/16-01-06.pdf ; & ‘HK-Listed China Oilfield Wins CNY 40 Million Well Service Contracts in Myanmar.’ AFX News Limited, 17 January 2006.

1 8 51 8 51 8 51 8 5 ‘China Ups Myanmar Acreage.’International Oil Daily, December 17, 2004.

1 8 61 8 61 8 61 8 6 CNPC Hong Kong 2002. CNPC Hong Kong 2001 Annual Report. Available at

http://www.cnpc.com.hk/report/2001cncp-e.pdf

5 8

vkuf uGuf IOR-3, RSF-2 E Si hf RSF-3 wGi f y g 0 i fonf? 1 87 Txkwf vky fa& ;tp k& S, f ,m oabm

wlnDc s uf twG uf p wi f& i f;E DS;j r KwfE S Hr _r Sm a[ mi fa umi fa' : vm 5 0 7 0 0 0 0 [k CNPC Hong

Kong . E Sp fy wfv nftp D & i fc Hp mwGi f az :j y aom fv nf;/ & Smaz Ga& ; vky fi e f;r s m; j y Kvky f+ y D;ae mu f obm0 " mwf ai G@ t& i f;tj r p f e nf;y g ;a= umi f; awG@ & Sdr _ E Si hf ,i f;v ky fuG ufr s m;t wGi f; & Smaz G a& ; vky fi e f;t wGuf& i f ;E SD;j r K wf E SHc Jhonf h a[mi f aumi f a' : vm 63 5 5 0 0 0 onfv nf; t& SHK ;ay :ae oj z i hf ukr ` % Dr S T vkuf uGuf ukd p Ge f@ vGwf& e f qHk ;j z wfc Jho nf [k 2 0 0 7 E Sp fy wf vnftp D& i fc Hp m Y az :j y c Jhonf ? 1 88

v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f IOR-3 ( uke f;( uke f;( uke f;( uke f; w Gi f; y dki f; /w Gi f; y dki f; /w Gi f; y dki f; /w Gi f; y dki f; / w ufrw ufrw ufrw ufr-Tetma)))) Chinnery Assets rS China National Oil & Gas Exploration & Development Co.

(CNODC).A lr dab' ody H̀y n m& Sdr s m;. seismic testing r Savhv mawG@ & Sdc s uf t& a & e H ( 1 ) ' \ r ( 91 ) oe f; bm& ,f & S dE dki f onfh 4 8 1 p u GJ,m ;uD vdk r Dwmtus ,f t0 e f;& Sd a& e H wGi f;. 7 0 & mc dki f E _e f;aom xk wfv ky fa& ; t p k& S,f,m o abmw lp mc s Ky ftm; y dki f qdki f xm;y g o nf? 1 89 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ZGe fvY Tvky f uG ufukd p Ge f @ vGwf& e f CNPC Hong Kong aj y ma& ; qkdc Gi fh& S dol. t} uHj y Kc s uftm; ae mufy kdi f ;xG uf& Sdv mon fh 2 0 0 7 ESp fy wf vnf tp D& i f c Hp mr S twnfj y Kc Jh onf ? 1 90

v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f RSF-2 u ke f; w Gi f; y dki f;u ke f; w Gi f; y dki f;u ke f; w Gi f; y dki f;u ke f; w Gi f; y dki f; / wl& i fa wmi f)/ wl& i fa wmi f)/ wl& i fa wmi f)/ wl& i fa wmi f) Chinnery Assets r S p uGJ,m ;uD vkdr Dw may g i f; 1 0 5 0 a' otwGi f ; c e f@ r Se f;aj c okda vSmi fr _ ukA aA ay g i f; 2 1 6 ' \ r 6 r DvD,H& S don fh xk wf vky fa& ; tp k& S,f ,mo ab mwlnDc s uf . 7 0 & mc kdi fE _e f;udk y k di fqk di fc Jho nf? 1 91 4 i f;.ta& t wGuf tm; China National Oil & Gas

1 8 71 8 71 8 71 8 7

‘CNPC/Parent Company Set Up JV Unit to Participate in Myanmar Oil Fields.’ AFX News, 18

November 2001. http://www.ituc-csi.org/spip.php?action=info_compburma&comp=318&lang=en; & ‘CNPC (Hong Kong) Limited Announcement of Results.’ CNPC Hong Kong Website, 22 April 2002. http://www.cnpc.com.hk/report/report-20020422.pdf

1 8 81 8 81 8 81 8 8 CNPC Hong Kong 2003. CNPC Hong Kong 2002 Annual Report. Available at

http://www.cnpc.com.hk/report/report-20030419.pdf ; & CNPC Hong Kong 2008. CNPC Hong Kong 2007

Annual Report. Available at http://www.cnpc.com.hk/report/2007Annualreport(e).pdf 1 8 91 8 91 8 91 8 9 ‘Shareholder’s Agreement with CNPC International Limited & Farmout Agreement & Joint Operating

Agreement with TG World Energy (Bahamas) Regarding & Oilfield & Exploration Areas in the Union of Myanmar.’ CNPC Hong Kong Website, 16 November 2001. http://www.cnpc.com.hk/report/report-20011116(e).pdf

1 9 01 9 01 9 01 9 0 ‘CNPC Hong Kong Outlines Upstream Spending in SE Asia & Peru.’ International Oil Daily, 14 June

2007; & CNPC Hong Kong 2008. CNPC Hong Kong 2007 Annual Report. Available at http://www.cnpc.com.hk/report/2007Annualreport(e).pdf

1 9 11 9 11 9 11 9 1 ‘Shareholder’s Agreement with CNPC International Limited (Connected Transaction) & Farmout Agreement

& Joint Operating Agreement with TG World Energy (Bahamas) Regarding & Oilfield & Exploration Areas in the Union of Myanmar.’ CNPC Hong Kong Website, 16 November 2001. http://www.cnpc.com.hk/report/report-20011116(e).pdf; & ‘CNPC Hong Kong Outlines Upstream Spending in

SE Asia & Peru.’ International Oil Daily, 14 June 2007; & ‘中国石油集团在缅甸 (CNPC in Burma).’ CNPC

Website. http://www.cnpc.com.cn/CNPC/ywycp/cnpczqq/亚亚.htm

5 9

Exploration & Development Co. (CNODC) . blr daA ' oka woe X me r S j y K vk y fonfh p r f;oy f r _tay : t aj c c Hc Jhy g onf? okaw oe vky fi e f ;t qi fh tm; + y D;p D;c J h+ y D;/ y %mr p p f wr f;a umuf ,lr _ r s m;vnf; j y Kvky f+ y D;j z p fo nf? 1 92 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ZGe f vY Tvky f uG ufukd p Ge f@ vG wf& e f CNPC Hong

Kong aj y ma& ; qkdc Gi fh& Sd ol . t} uHj y Kc s uftm; ae m ufy kdi f; xGuf& S dvm onfh 2 0 0 7 E Sp fy wfvn f tp D& i fc H p mr S twnfj y Kc Jh onf? 1 93

v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f RSF-3 (((( uke f; w Gi f; y dki f;uke f; w Gi f; y dki f;uke f; w Gi f; y dki f;uke f; w Gi f; y dki f; / a uG;c s K d/ a uG;c s K d/ a uG;c s K d/ a uG;c s K d ---- i & Sr f; awmi f)i & Sr f; awmi f)i & Sr f; awmi f)i & Sr f; awmi f) Chinnery Assets r S & Sm az Ga& ;a' o u Dvkdr D wmay g i f; 1 60 3 twGi f ; c e f@ r S e f;aj c okda vSmi fr _ ukA aA ay g i f; 2 8 8 ' \ r 2 rDvD, H& Sdo nfh xk wf vky fa& ; tp k& S,f ,mo ab mwlnDc s uf . 7 0 & mc kdi fE _e f;udk y kdi f qkdi fc Jh onf ? 4 i f;.t a& tw Guft m; China National Oil & Gas Exploration

& Development Co. (CNODC) . b lr daA ' ok a woe X me r S j y Kvky f onfh p r f;wy fr _t aj c c H onf? 1 94

oka woe vky fi e f; tm; + y D;p D;c Jh+ y D; / y %mr p p fwr f;a umuf ,lr _r s m; p wi fvky f aqmi f ae + y D;j z p fonf? 1 95 okd@ aom f vnf;y J 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f / ZGe f vY T vky fuG ufu kd p Ge f@ vGwf& e f CNPC

Hong Kong aj y ma& ; qkdc G i fh& Sdol. t} u Hj y Kc s uftm; ae mufy kdi f ;xG uf& Sdv mon fh 2 0 0 7 E Sp fy wf vnf tp D& i fc H p mr S tw nfj y Kc Jho nf? 1 96

r kw Wr ur f; aj cr kw Wr ur f; aj cr kw Wr ur f; aj cr kw Wr ur f; aj c

v ky fu Gu fv ky fu Gu fv ky fu Gu fv ky fu Gu f M-2 ( ur f( ur f( ur f( ur f ; vGe f); vGe f); vGe f); vGe f) China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) ukr %̀ D Myanmar, China Huanqiu Contracting &

Engineering Co. ukr %̀ DE S i hf Golden Aaron Pte. p onfhukr ` % Dwk d@ r S y g 0 ifz GJ@ p nf; xm;o nfh Sino-

Singaporean Consortium onf 960 0 uDvk dr D wm& Sd T obm0 " m wfa i G@ vky fuGu ftwG u f

1 9 21 9 21 9 21 9 2

‘中国石油集团在缅甸 (CNPC in Burma).’ CNPC Website.

http://www.cnpc.com.cn/CNPC/ywycp/cnpczqq/亚亚.htm 1 9 31 9 31 9 31 9 3 CNPC Hong Kong 2008. CNPC Hong Kong 2007 Annual Report. Available at

http://www.cnpc.com.hk/report/2007Annualreport(e).pdf 1 9 41 9 41 9 41 9 4 ‘Shareholder’s Agreement with CNPC International Limited (Connected Transaction) & Farmout

Agreement & Joint Operating Agreement with TG World Energy (Bahamas) Regarding & Oilfield & Exploration Areas in the Union of Myanmar.’ CNPC Hong Kong Website, 16 November 2001. http://www.cnpc.com.hk/report/report-20011116(e).pdf; ‘CNPC Hong Kong Outlines Upstream Spending in SE Asia & Peru.’ International Oil Daily, 14 June 2007; & ‘中中中中中中中缅缅 (CNPC in Burma).’ CNPC

Website. http://www.cnpc.com.cn/CNPC/ywycp/cnpczqq/亚亚.htm 1 9 51 9 51 9 51 9 5 ‘CNPC Hong Kong Outlines Upstream Spending in SE Asia & Peru.’ International Oil Daily, 14 June

2007; & ‘中中中中中中中缅缅 (CNPC in Burma).’ CNPC Website. http://www.cnpc.com.cn/CNPC/ywycp/cnpczqq/亚亚.htm

1 9 61 9 61 9 61 9 6 IBID; & CNPC Hong Kong 2008. CNPC Hong Kong 2007 Annual Report. Available at

http://www.cnpc.com.hk/report/2007Annualreport(e).pdf

60

Myanma Oil & Gas Enterprise E Si hf 2 0 0 5 ckE Sp f E Sp fO D;y kdi f;Y obm0 " m wfai G@ & Smaz G a& ;E Si hf xkwf vky fa& ; tp k& S, f,m oabm wlp mc s Ky fv ufr Swf a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 1 97

China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) Myanmar onf To bm0 " mwfai G@ vky f uGuf & Smaz Ga& ;t wG uf Myanma Oil & Gas Enterprise ESi hf oabm wlp mc s Ky fv ufr Swf a& ;c Jho nf? 1 98

v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f M-3 ( ur f( ur f( ur f( ur f ; vGe f); vGe f); vGe f); vGe f) China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) onf 4 i f;. A-4 E Si fh C-1 v ky fuG ufE Si hf vJ vSn fI xkdi f; PTT Exploration & Production rS y kdi fqkdi f on fh Tvky f uGu fr S 2 0 & mc kdi f E _e f;tm; & & Sd& e f p Dp O fc Jhonf ? 1 99

v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f M-4 ( ur( ur( ur( ur f; vGe f)f; vGe f)f; vGe f)f; vGe f) China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) onf 4 i f;. A-4 E Si fh C-1 v ky fuG ufE Si hf vJ vSn fI xkdi f; PTT Exploration & Production rS y kdi fqkdi f on fh Tvky f uGu fr S 2 0 & mc kdi f E _e f;tm; & & Sd& e f p Dp O fc Jhonf ? 200

v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f M-10 ( ur( ur( ur( ur f; v Ge f)f; v Ge f)f; v Ge f)f; v Ge f) China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) ukr %̀ D Myanmar, China Huanqiu Contracting &

Engineering Co. ukr %̀ DE S i hf Golden Aaron Pte. p onfhukr ` % Dwk d@ r S y g 0 ifz GJ@ p nf; xm;o nfh Sino-

Singaporean Consortium on f 1 5 5 3 4 uD vkdr D wm& Sd To bm0 " mwf ai G @ vky fuGu ftwG uf obm0 " mwf ai G@ & Smaz Ga& ; E Si hf xkw fvky f a& ;tp k& S ,f ,moa bmwlp mc s Ky f udk MoU vufr Sw f a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 201

1 9 71 9 71 9 71 9 7 ‘中海油拿下缅甸3个油气区块 (CNOOC Secures 3 Burmese Oil & Gas Blocks).’ CNOOC Website,

27 January 2005. http://www.cnooc.com.cn/zhyww/xwygg/210729.shtml; & ‘中缅签署3个油气区块合同

(China & Burma Sign Contracts for 3 Oil & Gas Blocks).’ CNOOC Website, 31 January 2005. http://www.cnooc.com.cn/zhyww/xwygg/211931.shtml

1 9 81 9 81 9 81 9 8 ‘Production Sharing Contract Inked.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 27 January 2005.

http://www.myanmar-information.net/infosheet/2005/050127.htm 1 9 91 9 91 9 91 9 9

‘Thailand PTTEP in Deal with CNOOC in Myanmar.’ Reuters, 13 February 2007.

http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssEnergyNews/idUSBKK2053820080213?rpc=401& 2 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 0 Ibid. 2 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 1 ‘China Ups Myanmar Acreage.’ International Oil Daily, 17 December 2004.

61

y Jc l; wkdi f;y Jc l; wkdi f;y Jc l; wkdi f;y Jc l; wkdi f;

j y n fa& e HuGu fj y n fa& e HuGu fj y n fa& e HuGu fj y n fa& e HuGu f 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ ar v wGi f China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) Huabei Petroleum E Si hf China

National Oil & Gas Exploration & Development Co. (CNODC) affiliated Kai Er Co. wkd@ rS j y nfa& e HuG uft wGuf w & kwf,Ge f ai G 60 r DvD ,Hw e f a& e HwGi f; wl; az :a& ;p mc s Ky fudk v ufr Sw f a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 202

a' ow Gi f; taj c tae udk aumi f ;p Gmo d uGs r f;r _r & Sdc Jhj c i f;a= umi fh 2 0 0 4 c kE Sp fwGi f vky fi e f;p wi f& e f tp Dtp O fy s ufj y m;& onfh tay : / 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp fwGi f Well Drilling No. 4 Company

Team No. 4051 r S KYTC-1 E Si hf KNC-1 a& e HwGi f ;udk atmi fj r i fp Gmwl; az :E kdi fc J ho nf? 203

v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f v ky fu Gu f IOR-4 (((( ukukukuk e f; wGi fe f; wGi fe f; wGi fe f; wGi f ; y; y; y; y dki f;dki f;dki f;dki f; )))) China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) ukr %̀ D onf j r e fr m hp Gr f;ti f0 e f} uD ;X me E Si hf j y Kvky f xm;o nfhp mc s Ky fr Sw qi fh Tvky f uG uf. 1 0 0 & mc kdi f E _e f;ukd y k di fqk di fxm; on f? 204 vky fuG uftr S w f IOR-4 r S a& e HwGi f ;tr Swf PSC-1 udk y %mr wl ;az : & mY tus dK;tj r wfwp Hk w & m & & Sdc Jha= umi f ; CNPC r S tp D& i fc Hc Jh onf ? 205 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp f/ Zl vkdi fv wGi f CNPC Huabei affiliated Drilling No. 4

Company Team No. 40511 . vky fi e f;+ y D;p D;c Jhr _. t us Kd;q ufa= umi f; a& e Hw Gi f; tr Swf PSC-101

tm; e * dkr Dwm 1 2 0 0 r S r Dwm 1 960 txd wkd ;c Js @ c Jho nf? 206

p p fu dki f; wkdi f;p p fu dki f; wkdi f;p p fu dki f; wkdi f;p p fu dki f; wkdi f;

v ku fu Guft r Sw fv ku fu Guft r Sw fv ku fu Guft r Sw fv ku fu Guft r Sw f C-1 ( uke f; w Gi f; y kdi f;( uke f; w Gi f; y kdi f;( uke f; w Gi f; y kdi f;( uke f; w Gi f; y kdi f; / ti f; a wm/ ti f; a wm/ ti f; a wm/ ti f; a wm ---- a& e H)a& e H)a& e H)a& e H) China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) ukr %̀ D Myanmar, China Huanqiu Contracting &

Engineering Co. ukr %̀ DE Si hf Singapore’s Golden Aaron Pte. p onfhukr %̀ D wkd@ r S y g 0 ifz GJ@ p nf; xm; onfh Consortium wp fc k onf 1 7 0 0 0 uD vkdr Dw m& Sd To bm0 " mwf ai G@ vky fuG uft wGu f

2 0 22 0 22 0 22 0 2 ‘华北石油管理局缅甸市场淘金 (CNPC Huabei Petroleum Pans Burmese Market).’ CNPC Website,

24 May 2006...http://www.cnpc.com.cn/CNPC/xwzx/qydt/%e5%8d%8e%e5%8c%97%e7%9f%b3%e6%b2%b9%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e5%b1%80%e7%bc%85%e7%94%b8%e5%b8%82%e5%9c%ba%e6%b7%98%e9%87%91.htm

2 0 32 0 32 0 32 0 3 Ibid. 2 0 42 0 42 0 42 0 4 ‘CNPC in Myanmar.’ CNPC Website.

http://www.cnpc.com.cn/eng/cnpcworldwide/asiaandpacific/Burma/ 2 0 52 0 52 0 52 0 5

‘国家概况 (CNPC Myanmar Profile).’ CNPC Website.

http://www.cnpc.com.cn/cnodc/hzygy/zygxx/zfjs/md.htm 2 0 62 0 62 0 62 0 6 ‘中南半岛亮出中国石油“名片” (图) (Southeastern Peninsula Brightens CNPC’s Brand Name).’

CNPC Website, 13 November 2006. http://www.cnpc.com.cn/Paper/2006/11/13/plate6/005.htm

62

Myanma Oil & Gas Enterprise (MOGE) ESi hf 2 0 0 5 c kE Sp f E Sp fO D;y kdi f;Y obm0 " m wfai G@ & Smaz G a& ;E Si hf xkwf vky fa& ; tp k& S, f,m oabm wlp mc s Ky fv ufr Swf a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 207

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ar vwGi f China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) Sichuan Petroleum Geophysical

Prospecting Co. ukr %̀ DE Si hf Myanma Oil & Gas Enterprise (MOGE) wkd@ r S 2D p p fwr f;a umuf ,lr _ j y Kvky f& e f China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) Myanmar E Si hf o abmwl vufr Sw f a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 208 2 0 0 8 ckE Sp f/ az az :0 g & DvwGi f 4 i f;wkd@ .vky fuG uftr S wf C-1 E Si hf A-4 wkd@ tm; xkdi f;E kdi fi H PTT r S 2 0 & mc kdi fE _e f;y kdi f qkdi f xm;o nfh M-3 E Si hf M-4 vky f uGufE S i hf vJvSn fr n f j z p fa= umi f; CNOOC r S tp D& i fc Hc Jhonf ? 209

v ky fu Gu ftr Sw f v ky fu Gu ftr Sw f v ky fu Gu ftr Sw f v ky fu Gu ftr Sw f C-2 ( uke f; w Gi f; y kdi f;( uke f; w Gi f; y kdi f;( uke f; w Gi f; y kdi f;( uke f; w Gi f; y kdi f; / a& $b kd/ a& $b kd/ a& $b kd/ a& $b kd ---- r Hk& Gm )r Hk& Gm )r Hk& Gm )r Hk& Gm ) China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) Myanmar, China Huanqiu Contracting &

Engineering Co. ukr %̀ DE Si hf Singapore’s Golden Aaron Pte. p onfhukr %̀ D wkd@ r S y g 0 ifz GJ@ p nf; xm; onfh Sino-Singaporean Consortium onf 2 60 0 0 uDvkdr D wm& Sd T obm0 " mwfai G@ vky f uGu f twGuf Myanma Oil & Gas Enterprise (MOGE) E Si hf 2 0 0 5 c kE Sp f E Sp fO D ;y kdi f; Y obm0 " m wf ai G@ & Smaz Ga& ;E Si hf xkwf vky fa & ;tp k& S,f ,m oa bmwlp mc s Ky fvufr Sw fa& ; xkd;c Jh o nf? 21 0

2 0 0 5 c kE Sp f/ E kd0 i f bmv wG i f T vky fu Guf ukd p p f wr f; aumuf ,lr _r s m;j y Kvky f& e f China National

Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) Myanmar ukr %̀ Dr S China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) Sichuan

Petroleum Geophysical Prospecting Co. ukr %̀ Dudka& G ; c s ,fc Jhonf ? 21 1

2 0 72 0 72 0 72 0 7

‘中海油拿下缅甸3个油气区块 (CNOOC Secures 3 Burmese Oil & Gas Blocks).’ CNOOC Website,

27 January 2005. http://www.cnooc.com.cn/zhyww/xwygg/210729.shtml; & ‘中缅签署3个油气区块合同

(China & Burma Sign Contracts for 3 Oil & Gas Blocks).’ CNOOC Website, 31 January 2005. http://www.cnooc.com.cn/zhyww/xwygg/211931.shtml

2 0 82 0 82 0 82 0 8 ‘Production Sharing Contract Inked.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 27 January 2005. http://www.myanmar-

information.net/infosheet/2005/050127.htm; & ‘四川物探缅甸C1区块项目完工 (CNPC Sichuan Exploration of

Burma’s C1 Block Complete).’ CNPC Website, 14 May 2007. http://www.cnpc.com.cn/Paper/2007/05/14/plate6/003.htm

2 0 92 0 92 0 92 0 9 ‘Thailand PTTEP in Deal with CNOOC in Myanmar.’ Reuters, 13 February 2007.

http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssEnergyNews/idUSBKK2053820080213?rpc=401& 2 1 02 1 02 1 02 1 0 ‘中海油拿下缅甸3个油气区块 (CNOOC Secures 3 Burmese Oil & Gas Blocks ).’ CNOOC Website, 27

January 2005. http://www.cnooc.com.cn/zhyww/xwygg/210729.shtml; & ‘中缅签署3个油气区块合同 (China

& Burma Sign Contracts for 3 Oil & Gas Blocks).’ CNOOC Website, 31 January 2005. http://www.cnooc.com.cn/zhyww/xwygg/211931.shtml

2 1 12 1 12 1 12 1 1 ‘四川物探与中海油缅甸公司再度握手 (CNPC Sichuan Petroleum Geophysical Prospecting Co. &

CNOOC Cooperate Again in Burma).’ CNPC Sichuan Petroleum Geophysical Prospecting Co. Website, 1 December 2005. http://www.sgc-prc.com/news_detail.aspx?id=148&cate_id=1

63

China National Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) Myanmar r S T obm0 " mw fa i G@ vky fuGu ftm; & Smaz Gr _r s m;j y Kvky f& e f Myanma Oil & Gas Enterprise oabm wlp mc s Ky f vufr S wf a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 21 2

v ky fu Gu ftr Sw f v ky fu Gu ftr Sw f v ky fu Gu ftr Sw f v ky fu Gu ftr Sw f D ( uke f;w Gi f; y kdi f;( uke f;w Gi f; y kdi f;( uke f;w Gi f; y kdi f;( uke f;w Gi f; y kdi f; / p p fu kdi f; w dki f;/ p p fu kdi f; w dki f;/ p p fu kdi f; w dki f;/ p p fu kdi f; w dki f; E Si hf r a uG; w kdi f; )E Si hf r a uG; w kdi f; )E Si hf r a uG; w kdi f; )E Si hf r a uG; w kdi f; ) 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ZGe fv wGi f r kdi fay g i f; 4 7 63 & S do nfh Ta& e H vky fuG uftm ; a& e Hwl;az :& Smaz G& e f Sinopec rS p Dp O fc Jhonf ? 21 3

a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@ y kdu fv kdi f;a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@ y kdu fv kdi f;a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@ y kdu fv kdi f;a & e HE Si hf o bm0 " m wfa i G@ y kdu fv kdi f; p p fawGE Si hf c Ge fr i f ;= um; uD vkdr Dwm ay g i f; 2 3 8 0 & Snf vs m;onf h " mwf ai G@ y kduf vkd i f;wnf aq muf& e f Sinopec r S w& kwf ,Ge fai G 8 bDvD ,H o abm wlp mc s Ky f vufr Swf a& ;xk d;c Jh onf? 21 4 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ { + y DvwGi f r vufc g a& v wf= um; (Straits of Malacca) ukda& Smi fvGJ+ y D; ta & Stv,fy k di f;E Si hf tmz & dur S a& e Hr s m;tm; w& kwfE kdi fi H okd@ o ,fa qmi f z kd@ twGuf " mw fai G@ y kduf vkd i f;wnf aq muf& e f China’s National Reform & Development Council r S twnfj y Kc Jh onf ? 21 5 r dr d.a& e Ht& i f; tj r Sp fr s m; xkwf vky fE kdi f& e f twGuf w& k wftp kd;& r S j r e fr m hp p ftp kd;& ud k tar & d ue fa' : vm 8 3 r DvD,H ac s ;ai G axm ufy Hh ay ; c Jhonf ? 2 16 PetroChina onf 4 i f ;. ukr %̀ Dc GJ ChinaOil Singapore ESi hf obm0 " m wfai G@ r Dwmay g i f; 1 7 0 bDvD ,H o ,fa qmi fE kdi f o nfh & c kdi fj y nfe , fE Si hf Chongqing = um; " mwfai G@ y kd ufv kd i f; wnf aqm uf & e f aqG; aE G; ae on f? 21 7 PetroChina onf & c kdi fur f ;aj c E Si hf w& kwfE kdi fi H Kunming okd@ r [k wf Chongqing E Si hf c s dwfq uf r nfh obm0 " m wfai G@ E Si hf a& e Hy kdufvk di f;E Sp fc k wnf a qmuf& e f twG uf Myanma Oil & Gas Enterprise (MOGE) E Si hf oab mwlnDr _& & Sd xm;+ y D;j z p fa= u mi f; 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ { + y DvwGi f xk wfa0 o nfh owi f; tp D& i fc Hp mr S az :j y xm;o nf? 21 8

2 1 22 1 22 1 22 1 2 ‘Production Sharing Contract Inked.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 27 January 2005.

http://www.myanmar-information.net/infosheet/2005/050127.htm 2 1 32 1 32 1 32 1 3

‘Sinopec to Drill for Oil in June.’ Myanmar Times, 28 May 2007. 2 1 42 1 42 1 42 1 4 ‘Work on Oil Pipeline Expected to Start this Year.’ The Myanmar Times, 20 April 2007.

http://www.mmtimes.com/no364/b004.htm; & ‘Sinopec Construction of China-Burma Oil Pipeline to Start in 2007.’ Xinhua via Comtex, 21 April 2007. http://www.zibb.com/article/811631/Sinopec+says+construction+of+ChinaBurma+oil+pipeline+to+start+in+2007

2 1 52 1 52 1 52 1 5 ‘Sino-Burma Pipeline Receives NDRC Approval.’ China Energy Weekly, 25 April 2007. 2 1 62 1 62 1 62 1 6 ‘Work on China-Myanmar Oil Pipeline to Start in 2007.’ Asia Today, 23 April 2007.

http://www.antara.co.id/en/arc/2007/4/23/work-on-china-myanmar-oil-pipeline-to-start-in-2007/ 2 1 72 1 72 1 72 1 7 ‘China Hands Burma to Build Parallel Energy Pipelines.’ Comtex, 5 April 2007; & ‘Natural Gas

Business.’ ChinaOil Website. http://www.chinaoil.com.cn/zly_en/zgs/detail.asp?id=414&sid=0 2 1 82 1 82 1 82 1 8

‘Sino-Burmese Energy Pipeline to Begin Construction.’ People’s Daily, 3 April 2007.

http://finance.people.com.cn/GB/1038/59942/59955/5556045.html,

64

2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & Dv wG i f China National Petroleum Co. (CNPC) ukr %̀ Dr S & c kdi fj y nfwGi f ; a& e HE Si hf o bm0 " mwf ai G@ y kd ufvkdi f ; wnf aqm ufr nf ha e & mr s m;udk p p fwr f ;a um uf,lr _r s m; j y Kvky f c Jhonf ? 21 9 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ' DZi f bmvw Gi f CNPC r S j r e fr mE kdi fi HwGi f; a& e Hy kd uf vkdi f; wp fc k y l ;ay g i f; wnfa qm uf& e ft wGuf e nf;A s L [m oab mwl nDc s ufwp fc k v ufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J h onf? 220 r nfokd@ qkdap w& kwfE Si h f t* Fvdy fbm omj z i hf a& ; o m;xm; onfh y É dy uQo wi f ;r s m; quf wkd uf xGuf ay :ae onfh tay : a& e HE Si hf ob m0 " mwfai G@ y kd uf vkdi f;. v ufoa vmt ae txm;r Sm wd us & Si f;vi f;r _r & S dao ;ac s ? Chongqing + r dK@ awm f0 e f Huang Qifan onf Chongqing + r dK@ okd@ Sino-

Burmese a& e Hy kdufvkdi f ;wk d; c s J@ wnfaqm ufr n fh w& k wftp kd;& E Si h f CNPC ukr ` % D. t qi fhj r Si fh t& m& Sdr s m;qHk ;j z wfc s ufr s m; ta= umi f;t m; w& kwf o wi f;a vmu wGi f t& Sde ft [ke fj r Si hf aj y mqkdc Jh onf? 221 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ Ze fe 0 g & DvwGi f Sino-Burmese y kdufvkdi f ;r S a& e Hr s m;udk ae & mc s okdavSmi fz k d@ Chongqing a& e Hp uf& H kw nf aqm uf& e ftw Guf Huang Qifan rS w& kwf,Ge f ai G bD vD,H ay g i f; 1 0 0 & Smaz Ga& ; vky fi e f;tp Dtp O f udk a us nmc Jho nf? 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ZGe f vwGi f CNPC uk r %̀ Dr S a& e Hp u f& Hk wnfa qm ufa& ;E Si hf a& e H E Si hfobm0 " m wfai G@ y Hhy kd ;r _wkd ;j r Si hfa& ;vky fi e f;wGi f y l; ay g i f;aqmi f& Guf& e f Chongqing E Si fh oa bmwl vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J ho nf? 222

2 1 92 1 92 1 92 1 9

‘中缅油气管道将使中缅两国联系更加紧密 (Sino-Burmese Pipeline Brings China & Burma Even

Closer).’ CNPC Website, 28 February 2007. http://www.cnpc.com.cn/CNPC/xwzx/hyxx/%e4%b8%ad%e7%bc%85%e6%b2%b9%e6%b0%94%e7%ae%a1%e9%81%93%e5%b0%86%e4%bd%bf%e4%b8%ad%e7%bc%85%e4%b8%a4%e5%9b%bd%e8%81%94%e7%b3%bb%e6%9b%b4%e5%8a%a0%e7%b4%a7%e5%af%86.htm

2 2 02 2 02 2 02 2 0 ‘CNPC Speeds Up Preparations for Myanmar-China Oil Pipeline.’ Dow Jones, 2 December 2007.

http://www.nasdaq.com/aspxcontent/NewsStory.aspx?cpath=20071202%5cACQDJON200712022231DOWJONESDJONLINE000386.htm&

2 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 1 ‘中缅石油管线年内动工昆明将建炼油厂 (Sino-Burmese Pipeline Construction to Begin this Year).’

CNPC Website, 4 April 2007. http://www.cnpc.com.cn/gdj/gdxw/%e4%b8%ad%e7%bc%85%e7%9f%b3%e6%b2%b9%e7%ae%a1%e7%ba%bf%e5%b9%b4%e5%86%85%e5%8a%a8%e5%b7%a5%e6%98%86%e6%98%8e%e5%b0%86%e5%bb%ba%e

7%82%bc%e6%b2%b9%e5%8e%82.htm; & ‘中缅输油管线或年内开建-重庆坐望千万吨原油

(Construction of Sino-Burmese Pipeline to Chongqing to Start Next Year).’ People’s Daily, 26 March

2007. http://finance.people.com.cn/GB/1038/59942/59955/5518259.html 222

‘CNPC Signs Strategic Cooperation Agreement with Chongqing.’ CNPC Website, 27 June 2007. http://www.cnpc.com.cn/eng/press/newsreleases/_CNPCsignsstrategiccooperationagreementwithChongqing_.htm

65

o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;o wWK w Gi f; vky fi e f;

c s i f;j y nfe ,fc s i f;j y nfe ,fc s i f;j y nfe ,fc s i f;j y nfe ,f

a r Ga wmi f a r Ga wmi f a r Ga wmi f a r Ga wmi f a= u ;j z La= u ;j z La= u ;j z La= u ;j z L Kingbao (Jinbao) Mining Co. ukr %̀ D onf a= u;j z L o wWK& Smaz G& e f twG uf & Smaz G a& ;E Si hf j z p fE kdi faj c avhvmr _r s m;j y Kvky f& e f j r e fr mowWK wGi f;0 e f} uD;tr S wf ( 3 ) E Si hf oabmwl vufr S wfa& ; xkd;c J h onf? 223 ,i f ;o wWKwGi f;o nfh 1 ' \ r 5 & mc d ki fE _e f;t qi fh& Sda= u;j z L tm; we fc s de f ay g i f;oe f; 1 0 wl;az :& & SdE dki fo nfh owWL wG i f;j z p fy g onf? 224 Jinbao (Kingbao) Mining Co. ukr %̀ Donf 2 0 0 5 c kE Sp fY Zijin Mining Co ukr %̀ Dy kdi f onf h ukr ` % Dc GJ Gold Mountain (Hong Kong) International

Mining Co ukr %̀ DE Si hf China North Industries (NORINCO) ukr %̀ Dy kdi fo nfh Wanbao Mining Co

ukr %̀ D wkd@ 5 0 - 5 0 & mc dki fE _e f; y l;ay g i f;I wnf axmi f xm ;o nfh ukr ` % Dj z p fy g onf? 225

p p fu kdi f; wdki f;p p fu kdi f; wdki f;p p fu kdi f; wdki f;p p fu kdi f; wdki f; v ufy Ha wmi f; v ufy Ha wmi f; v ufy Ha wmi f; v ufy Ha wmi f; a= u;e D ( r Hk& Gm)a= u;e D ( r Hk& Gm)a= u;e D ( r Hk& Gm)a= u;e D ( r Hk& Gm) China Nonferrous Metal Mining Co ukr %̀ Dr S To wWK wGi f;u kd y kdi fqk di fa= umi f ; 2 0 0 6 c kE Sp ftwGi f; xGuf& Sd onf ho wi f;r S az :j y onf? 226

& Sr f;j y nfe ,f& Sr f;j y nfe ,f& Sr f;j y nfe ,f& Sr f;j y nfe ,f

w D* s p fa us mu fr D; a oG;" mw ft m;p uf& HkE Si hf o wWK wGi f; ( 1 2 0 r D* g 0 y f) ( wD* s p f/ y i fa v mi f;+ r dK@ e ,f)w D* s p fa us mu fr D; a oG;" mw ft m;p uf& HkE Si hf o wWK wGi f; ( 1 2 0 r D* g 0 y f) ( wD* s p f/ y i fa v mi f;+ r dK@ e ,f)w D* s p fa us mu fr D; a oG;" mw ft m;p uf& HkE Si hf o wWK wGi f; ( 1 2 0 r D* g 0 y f) ( wD* s p f/ y i fa v mi f;+ r dK@ e ,f)w D* s p fa us mu fr D; a oG;" mw ft m;p uf& HkE Si hf o wWK wGi f; ( 1 2 0 r D* g 0 y f) ( wD* s p f/ y i fa v mi f;+ r dK@ e ,f) 2 0 0 1 c kE Sp f/ = o* kwfv wGi f China National Heavy Machinery Co. (CHMC) ukr %̀ Dr S j r e fr m h v# y fp p fp Gr f;tm;0 e f} u D;X me E Si fh tar & d ue fa' : vm 4 2 ' \ r 9 r D vD,H oa bmp mc s Ky f vufr S wf a& ;xkd ;c Jho nf? 227

2 0 0 4 c kE Sp f / r wf vwGi f CHMC r S t ar & due fa' : vm 5 r D vD,H tz dk;we f on f h Belt Conveyors ESi hf } udwfp ufr s m;ty g t0 i f y p P nf;u d& dxm;r s m; o,f aq m i fonfh wwd ,

2 2 32 2 32 2 32 2 3

‘China, Myanmar Sign Mineral Exploration Agreement.’ Asia Pulse Pte., 15 August 2005. 2 2 42 2 42 2 42 2 4

‘Zijin Mining Expands Overseas Mining.’ Interfax China, 17 April 2007.

http://www.minesandcommunities.org/Action/press1451.htm; & ‘Zijin to Double Gold Output after 68pc Profit Jump.’ South China Morning Post, 31 March 2006.

2 2 52 2 52 2 52 2 5 ‘Jinbao Mining Company Limited.’ Zijin Mining Website, 19 July 2007.

http://english.zjky.cn/Colla/view.asp?id=55 2 2 62 2 62 2 62 2 6

‘CN Acquires Largest Copper Mine in Northeastern China.’ China Business News Online, 2 March

2006. 2 2 72 2 72 2 72 2 7 Platts. 2007. Platts Myanmar Country Energy Profile. [Thanks to Courier Research Associates for

providing this document.]

66

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onfh aj y v$mtm ; vufr S wfa& ; xdk;c Jh+ y D ;j z p f+ y D;/ ,i f; p uf& Hktm; vky fi e f; vnfy wfae + y Dj z p fo n fh tav# muf y p Pnf ;o ,fo nfhum ;r Smv nf; o wWKw G i f;r S p Gr f;tm;p uf& Hkod k@ aus mufr D;a oG;r s m; o,fa qmi f ae on f? 229

e r f; w le r f; w le r f; w le r f; w l ---- a bm fw Gi f;a bm fw Gi f;a bm fw Gi f;a bm fw Gi f; bdvy faj rbdvy faj rbdvy faj rbdvy faj r / oGy fj y m; / / oGy fj y m; / / oGy fj y m; / / oGy fj y m; / o wWKo wWKo wWKo wWK wGi f;wGi f;wGi f;wGi f; j r e fr m howWK wGi f;0 e f} uD ;X m e r S Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC)

ukr %̀ Dtm ; e r f;w l& Sdvky f uGuf wGi f oGy fE Si hf lead r s m; xkwf vky fc Gi fh ay ;c Jh onf ? 23 0 YMEC on f

ae @ p O f we fay g i f; 5 0 0 xk y fvky fE kdi f& e f t ar & due fa' :vm 5 r DvD ,H & i f;E SD ;j r K wfc Jh+ y D;/ 4 i f ;tm; 2 0 0 8 c kE Sp f E Sp fuke fy kdi f; wG i f vky fi e f; vnfy wfE kdi fr nf [k ar s m fvi f hc Jho nf? wE Sp f v# i f tar & due f a' :vm oe f; 5 0 a us m fuke fus r nfh we f 8 o e f;xkw f,lE dki fr nfh owWK wGi f;t op fud kv n f; p Dp O fxm;o nf? 23 1

r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f;r E Wa v ; wkdi f;

w a umi f; a wmi f a= u;j z L o wWK w Gi f; ( oy dw fus i f;+ r dK @ e ,f)w a umi f; a wmi f a= u;j z L o wWK w Gi f; ( oy dw fus i f;+ r dK @ e ,f)w a umi f; a wmi f a= u;j z L o wWK w Gi f; ( oy dw fus i f;+ r dK @ e ,f)w a umi f; a wmi f a= u;j z L o wWK w Gi f; ( oy dw fus i f;+ r dK @ e ,f) 2 0 0 4 ckE Sp f/ Zl vkdi fv wGi f China Nonferrous Metal Mining Co. (CNMC) ukr %̀ Dr S Ta= u ;j z L owWK wGi f; tm; & S maz Ga& ; E Si hf j z p fE kdi faj c avh vmr _r s m ;j y Kvky f& e f j r e fr mho wWK wG i f;0 e f} uD;X me E Si hf oabm wlv ufr S wfa& ; xkd; c Jhonf ? 23 2 2 0 0 7 ckE Sp fwGi f CNMC r S 7 5 & mc kdi fE _e f;E Si hf Burma’s

Mining Enterprise No. 3 rS 2 5 & mc kdi fE _e f;y kdi fq kdi fr _j z i hf China’s National Reform and Development

Council rS ,i f;p Dr H ude f; udk tw nfj y Kc Jho nf? 23 3 2 0 0 7 c kE Sp f/ ZGe fv wGi f j z p fE kdi faj c avh vmr _

2 2 82 2 82 2 82 2 8 ‘More Equipment Arrived for Shan State Coal Mine.’ The Myanmar Times, 5 April 2004.

http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/myanmartimes/no211/MyanmarTimes11-211/012.htm 2 2 92 2 92 2 92 2 9

‘缅甸TIGYIT燃煤电站项目通过最终验收 (Burma’s Tigyit Coal Generator Plant Project Passes Final

Inspection).’ CHMC Website, 2 February 2007. http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1611;

‘缅甸TIGYIT电厂2#机组调式工作全面展开 (Burma’s Tigyit Power Plant generator No. 2).’ CHMC

Website, 24 March 2005. http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1166; &

‘中国重机公司总承包的缅甸TIGYIT电站2#机组并网发电 (CHMC’s Burma Tigyit Power Plant #2

Generator Produces Electricity).’ CHMC Website, 17 May 2005.

http://www.chmc2003.net/news.do?cmd=show&id=1197 2 3 02 3 02 3 02 3 0

‘Development Projects of Namtu-Bawtwin Mineral Deposit in the Union of Myanmar.’ YMEC Website.

http://www.ymec.com.cn/en/mining.htm [Thanks to Burma Relief Center for providing this link.] 2 3 12 3 12 3 12 3 1 ‘Development Projects of Namtu-Bawtwin Mineral Deposit in the Union of Myanmar.’ YMEC

Website. http://www.ymec.com.cn/en/mining.htm [Thanks to Burma Relief Center for providing this link.] 2 3 22 3 22 3 22 3 2 ‘CNMC & Burma Sign Exploration & Feasibility Study Agreement.’ 中国国家企业网, 22 July 2004.

http://www.chinabbc.com.cn/yljc/view.asp?newsid=200472213265635&classid=109102104; & ‘Myanmar Mining Annual Review December 2005.’ Mining Annual Review, December, 2005.

2 3 32 3 32 3 32 3 3 ‘CN’s Nickel Mine Project Still Awaiting Burmese Government Approval.’ China Metals Weekly via

Interfax, 15 June 2007; & ‘CN to Develop Nickel Mine in Burma.’ Interfax, 25 August 2006.

67

j y Kvky f+ y D;p D;c Jh+ y D; / j r e fr m ho wWKwGi f ;0 e f} uD;X me r S tw nfj y Kay ;c Jh onf ? 23 4 2 0 0 8 ckE S p f/ Zlv kdi fv wGi f CNMC Nickel Co ukr %̀ DE Si hf Burma’s Mining Enterprise No. 3 wkd@ rS Tt ar & du e fa' :vm 8 0 0 r DvD,Hp Dr H ude f; udk vky f udki f & e f oa bmwlp mc s Ky ft o p fwp fc k vufr S wfa& ; xkd ;c Jh onf? ,i f ;p Dr H ude f;tm ; 5 0 & mc kdi fE _e f;p D y kd i fqkdi f= u onf ? 23 5 China EXIM Bank E Si fh China Development Bank w kd@ r S ai Ga= u;r s m; axm ufy Hh+ y D;/ Canadian-based

Hatch ESi fh China Nonferrous Engineering & Research Institute wkd@ r S p Dr Hude f;u dk y l;wGJI y Hkp Haz :r nfj z p f onf?

23 6

y ky g̀ ;a wmi f y ky g̀ ;a wmi f y ky g̀ ;a wmi f y ky g̀ ;a wmi f Pozzolan o wWKE Si hf p u f& Hko wWKE Si hf p u f& Hko wWKE Si hf p u f& Hko wWKE Si hf p u f& Hk Jiangsu Pengfei Group Co ukr %̀ Dr S ae @ p O f we f 5 0 0 xkwf, lE dki fr nf hp uf& Hk udk wnfa qm uf& e f twGuf j r e fr mv# y fp p fp Gr f; tm;0 e f} uD; tr Swf ( 1 ) E Si hf oabm wlv ufr S wf a& ;x dk ;c Jhon f? 23 7

2 3 42 3 42 3 42 3 4

‘China Nonferrous Metal Group Starts Nickel Project in Burma.’ Sinocast via Comtex News Network,

29 June 2007. 2 3 52 3 52 3 52 3 5 ‘CNMC to kick off construction on Myanmar nickel mine in H2.’ Interfax China Metals and Mining, 1

August 2008. http://www.minesandcommunities.org/article.php?a=8738; & ‘Mining Enterprise No. 3 and CNMC Nickel Co. Sign Contract.’ The New Light of Myanmar, 30 July 2008. http://myanmargeneva.org/NLM2008/eng/7July/n080730.pdf

2 3 62 3 62 3 62 3 6 IBID

2 3 72 3 72 3 72 3 7 ‘缅甸一电部与中国江苏鹏飞集团公司签署日产500吨粉煤灰厂合作协定 (Burma No. 1 Ministry of

Electric Power & China Sign Pozzalan Agreement).’ The Economic & Commercial Counselor’s Office of

the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Myanmar Website, 15 April 2007. http://mm.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/zxhz/sbmy/200704/20070404570475.html