2010 – 2011 CHINA In recent years, China’s successful economic reform has produced annual economic growth rates averaging over 9% and has lifted over 300 million people from poverty. The per capita gross national income was estimated to be US$ 2370 in 2007. Nevertheless, sharp variations in levels of development and access to basic services persist among and within provinces. At present, China is exploring options for significantly reforming the health system to ensure that all of the population has access to affordable essential health services. During and following the SARS outbreaks, China strengthened its systems for infectious disease surveillance, prevention and response. Important progress has also been made on the Expanded Programme on Immunization and in controlling TB and HIV/AIDS. China and WHO have jointly developed a Country Cooperation Strategy (CCS) for the period 2008–2013 that places greater strategic emphasis on health systems development. The CCS also increases support for key areas, including emerging public health threats; achievement of the Millennium Development Goals related to maternal and child health, HIV, TB and malaria; and initiatives to strengthen control of noncommunicable diseases, food and drug safety, environmental health, and to address the cross-cutting issues of vulnerable groups, gender equality, improved research, surveillance, data analysis and human resources development. The CCS also highlights the need to increase collaboration on information and communication and documentation of good practices and lessons learnt. WHO's work with government partners also includes close coordination with United Nations agencies, bilateral organizations and national and international nongovernmental organizations. In 2010–2011, WHO technical cooperation with the Government is expected to focus on the following WHO strategic objectives:

Strategic objective Office-specific Expected Result

SO1 To reduce the health, social and economic burden of communicable diseases.

• Policy and technical support provided to maximize equitable access of all people to vaccines of assured quality, including new immunization products and technologies, and to integrate other essential child-health interventions with immunization.

• Effective coordination and provision of support to retain certification of poliomyelitis elimination and to achieve destruction, or appropriate containment of polioviruses, leading to simultaneous cessation of oral polio vaccine.

• Effective coordination and support provided for all populations to have access on the interventions for the prevention, control, elimination and eradication of neglected tropical diseases, including zoonotic diseases.

• Provision of policy and technical support to enhance capacity to carry out surveillance and monitoring of all communicable diseases of public health importance.

• Provision of policy and technical support to enhance capacity to carry out surveillance and monitoring of all communicable diseases of public health importance.

• New knowledge, intervention tools and strategies that meet priority needs for the prevention and control of communicable diseases developed and validated.

• Support provided in achieving the minimum capacities and functions required by the IHR (2005), specifically those related to advocacy, national International Health Regulations focal points and the core capacities for designated points of entry.

• Support provided to o achieve the minimum capacities required for the preparedness, detection, assessment of and response to emerging diseases, including major epidemic and pandemic-prone diseases, such as influenza, by effectively implementing the Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases (APSED).

• Coordinated technical capacity rapidly available to Member States for detection, verification, risk assessment of and response to epidemics and other public health emergencies of regional and international concern.

• Effective operations and response by MOH China and the international community to declared emergency situations due to epidemic and

Strategic objective Office-specific Expected Result

pandemic-prone diseases.

SO2 To combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.

• National guidelines, policies, strategies and other tools developed (adapting global ones, as appropriate) for prevention, treatment and care for TB (including innovative approaches for increasing coverage of the interventions among the poor, hard to reach and vulnerable populations).

• Policy, technical and coordination support provided to provinces for the implementation of prevention, treatment and care interventions for STI and HIV/AIDS and their scaling-up to reach the populations most in need (including integrated training and service delivery; wider service provider networks; strengthened laboratory capacities and better linkages with other health services).

• Policy, technical and coordination support provided for the implementation of prevention, treatment and care interventions for TB and their scaling-up to reach the populations most in need (including integrated training and service delivery; wider service provider networks; strengthened laboratory capacities and better linkages with other health services).

• Guidance and technical support provided on policies and programmes to promote equitable access to essential medicines of assured quality for the prevention and treatment of STI and HIV/AIDS and their rational use by prescribers and consumers; and on uninterrupted supply of quality diagnostics, safe blood and other essential commodities.

• Guidance and technical support provided on policies and programmes to promote equitable access to essential medicines of assured quality for the prevention and treatment of TB, and their rational use by prescribers and consumers; and on uninterrupted supply of such medicines.

• National and provincial surveillance, evaluation and monitoring systems strengthened and expanded to monitor progress towards targets and resource allocations for STI and HIV/AIDS control, including monitoring of drug resistance and the impact of control efforts.

• National surveillance, evaluation and monitoring systems strengthened and expanded to monitor progress towards targets and resource allocations for TB control, including monitoring of drug resistance and the impact of control efforts.

• Support provided to MOH to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve women and child's health through the key strategies based on China's situation, including strengthening the MCH system, improving the quality of MCH information and scaling up of key interventions for maternal and child's health, conducting studies that provide timely and objective evidence for health policy formulation and implementation, and improving reproductive health.

• Political commitment sustained and mobilization of resources ensured through advocacy and nurturing of STI and HIV/AIDS partnerships at county, province and national levels; support provided to county as appropriate to develop/strengthen and implement mechanisms for resource mobilization and utilization; and engagement of communities and affected persons increased to maximize the reach and performance of STI and HIV/AIDS control.

• Operational research for the prevention and control of STI and HIV/AIDS supported and research capacity strengthened in target provinces.

SO3 To prevent and reduce disease, disability and premature death from chronic noncommunicable conditions, mental disorders, violence, injuries and visual impairment.

• Support provided to the development and implementation of a national NCD strategic plan and creation of supportive environment for chronic disease prevention and control.

• Increased capacity to implement policies and strategies for control of NCDs aligned with the current health system reform agenda.

• Support provided for the development and implementation of policies, strategies and regulations for preventing unintentional injuries or violence.

• Support provided to strengthen professional capacity for mental health

Strategic objective Office-specific Expected Result

services and management of mental health disorders in general and improved post-disaster mental health services and intervention.

SO5 To reduce the health consequences of emergencies, disasters, crises and conflicts, and minimize their social and economic impact.

• Strengthening the health response capacity on health rapid assessment and risk communication of health information after natural disasters; Enhancing the acute and timely operation skills for health teams on dealing with natural disasters in China.

SO6 To promote health and development, and prevent or reduce risk factors for health conditions associated with use of tobacco, alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity and unsafe sex.

• Support provided to strengthen health promotion capacity.

• Support provided to the implementation of the WHO FCTC.

SO7 To address the underlying social and economic determinants of health through policies and programmes that enhance health equity and integrate pro-poor, gender-responsive, and human rights-based approaches.

• Capacities strengthened for policies and programs that aim to improve health of rural populations.

• Capacities strengthened for evidence-based public policies that address socioeconomic disparities, to inform the Chinese health reform.

SO8 To promote a healthier environment, intensify primary prevention and influence public policies in all sectors so as to address the root causes of environmental threats to health.

• Identification of the relationship of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (ELF) exposure and health impact among workers in the electric power industry in Shanghai and establishment of occupational exposure limits and measures in health risk control and management.

• Enhance local capacity in rural water quality monitoring and in combating the outbreak of water quality incidences; Strengthen the capacity of risk analysis for rural water supply through effective application of rapid assessment tools; and Promotion of better hygienic practice in rural household water storage, treatment and consumption.

• Enhanced institutional capacity on environmental health management and surveillance to reduce human health impact from climate change and environmental risk within the framework of the National Environment and Health Action Plan.

SO9 To improve nutrition, food safety and food security, throughout the life-course, and in support of public health and sustainable development.

• Support provided to local health sectors to strengthen foodborne disease surveillance and food contamination monitoring programmes in Guangxi and Qingdao.

SO10 To improve health services through better governance, financing, staffing and management informed by reliable and accessible evidence and research.

• Improved capacity for evidence-based policies for primary health care and universal public health service access.

• Improved capacity for the organizing health services aligned with primary health care principles including equal access to public health services.

• Increased capacity to implement public policies that promote fair access and quality services.

• Increased capacity to use legislative and regulatory levers for achieving universal access.

• Increased capacity to use regulatory methods for improving public health management and quality.

• Strengthened capacity to develop health information systems appropriate to remote regions.

• Support provided to effective monitoring and evaluation of health systems performance and health reforms.

• Support provided to effective surveillance systems for improve health systems performance and health reforms.

• Increase capacity to conduct research on international health and comparative research.

• Increased information for policy and analyses about rural health workforce.

• Increase the capacity of health workers in rural and remote regions for primary care.

Strategic objective Office-specific Expected Result

• Increased capacity to understand health financing options to inform policies and plans.

• Technical support for improving the functioning of health insurance programs.

• Increased capacity to determine mechanisms for optimal channeling of public funds to promote equitable public services.

• Increased capacity to design and pilot implement objective measures of service quality for hospitals.

• Increased capacity to implement norms in line with international standards to reduce unsafe health care and improve access to quality.

SO11 To ensure improved access, quality and use of medical products and technologies.

• Support provided towards the establishment of an adequate supply system for essential medicines.

• Increased capacity of the national drug regulatory authorities to conduct post-marketing surveillance systems to ensure quality, safe medicines.

• Increased capacity of the national drug regulatory authorities to monitor adverse drug reactions in poor regions.

• Increased capacity of the national drug regulatory authorities to implement emergency testing for drug quality control.

• Increased capacity of the national drug regulatory authorities to implement medicines quality standards that accord with international standards.

• Increased capacity of the quality management system for laboratories.

• Increased capacity of the drug regulatory authority to establish standards for essential medicines.

• Increased capacity to support evidence-based development and use of traditional Chinese Medicines.

• Increased evidence-base for the development and use of traditional Chinese Medicines.

• Increased capacity for promoting safe use of efficacious traditional Chinese Medicines.

• Increased capacity for implementing policies and programs for rational drug use.