CHINA AS AN INNOVATION ECONOMY: LESSONS FOR EUROPE … · 2019-11-19 · innovation economy:...
Transcript of CHINA AS AN INNOVATION ECONOMY: LESSONS FOR EUROPE … · 2019-11-19 · innovation economy:...
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CHINA AS AN INNOVATION
ECONOMY: LESSONS FOR EUROPE AND
BEYOND
SMART MANUFACTURING MEETUP, DORPAT CONFERENCE CENTRE, TARTU,
4 NOV, 2019
Francesco Grillo UIBE (Pechino)University of Oxford
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MAIN MESSAGES
•THE INNOVATION PARADOX AND THE BATTLE FOR GLOBAL DIGITAL LEADERSHIP
•THE FLIGHT OF THE DRAGON (AND ITS VULNERABILITY)
•10 IDEAS FOR EUROPEAN (INDUSTRIAL AND POLITICAL) LEADERS
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THE INTERNET REVOLUTION IN A (STEVE JOB’S) LIFE
CAPACITY
PRICE
16 GB128 KB
3,000 (IN 1984 USD)
800 (IN 2016 USD)
3
AN I-PHONE 6 COULD RECEIVE, TRANSMIT AND ELABORATE 120,000 TIMES MORE INFORMATION THAN A
MACINTOSH 128K AND COST 28 TIMES LESS
1984
2016
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2,41%
1,84%
1,71%
1,37%
0,57%
0,00%
0,50%
1,00%
1,50%
2,00%
2,50%
3,00%
1971-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2007 2007-2016
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH RATES (OECD, %)
THE PARADOX OF INNOVATION (AS GREATEST SIGN OF DECLINE OF THE WEST)..
SOURCE: OECD
You can see computer everywhere but in the productivity statistics(R. Solow, 1986)
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.. WHICH DOES NOT EXIST CHINA
5
-5,00%
-2,50%
0,00%
2,50%
5,00%
7,50%
10,00%
12,50%
15,00%
1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
G7 Cina
Fonte: “Democracy and Growth in the 21st Century” (2019) su dati OCSE
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH RATE (IN USD 2010)
CHINA GDP GROWTH: 88% productivity; 12% workforce. G7 COUNTRIES: 29% productivity; 71% workforce. In the last ten years of relative slow-down, China has doubled its economy (+102%) employing the same number of individuals (757 million people).
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THE BATTLE FOR GLOBAL DIGITAL LEADERSHIPFIRST TEN CORPORATIONS FOR MARKET CAPITALIZATION (LEFT) AND DISTRIBUTION OF UNICORN (START UP WHOSE VALUE IS HIGHER THAN ONE BILLION USD) PER COUNTRY (RIGHT)
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Cina; 130
USA; 100
India; 24
Corea SUD; 8
UK; 8
Switzerland; 3 EU; 7 OTHERS; 13
SOURCE: “Lezioni Cinesi” (2019) ON Bloomberg AND TechcrunchDATA
1. APPLE 851
2. ALPHABET (GOOGLE) 719
3. MICROSOFT 703
4. AMAZON 701
5. TENCENT 496
6. BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY 492
7. ALIBABA 470
8. FACEBOOK 464
9. JP MORGAN 375
10. Industrial and Commercial BANK of CHINA
344
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MAIN MESSAGES
•THE INNOVATION PARADOX AND THE BATTLE FOR GLOBAL DIGITAL LEADERSHIP
•THE FLIGHT OF THE DRAGON (AND ITS VULNERABILITY)
•10 IDEAS FOR EUROPEAN (INDUSTRIAL AND POLITICAL) LEADERS
7
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692
81 55
600
331244
292
423
412
319
218
172
1990 2011 2015
1904
1052
883
China
Southern Asia
Sub-SaharianAfrica
Rest of the world
692
81 55
600
331244
292
423
412
319
218
172
1990 2011 2015
1904
1052
883
China
Southern Asia
Sub-SaharianAfrica
Rest of the world
692
81 55
600
331244
292
423
412
319
218
172
1990 2011 2015
1904
1052
883
China
Southern Asia
Sub-SaharianAfrica
Rest of the world
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BEYOND ECONOMY: THE FIGHT TO POVERTY..
Fonte: “Democracy and Growth in the 21st Century” (2019) ON UNDP DATA
NUMBER OF PEOPLE LIVING UNDER THE POVERTY LINE (2 USD PER DAY)
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… AND THE IMPROVEMENT IN WELL BEING OF PEOPLE
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
SOUTH AFRICA
JAPAN
INDIA
USA
CHINA
RUSSIA
BRAZIL
Source: “Democracy and Growth in the 21st Century” (2019) ON OMS DATA
LIFE EXPECTANCY, YEARS
IN TERMS OF DISABILITIES ADJUSTED LIFEEXPECTANCY (DALE) A CHINESE CHILD ISEXPECTED TO LIVE LONGER THAN A US ONE
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
CHINA
USA
INDIA
WORLD
SOUTHKOREA
SOURCE: “Democracy and growth in the 21st century” (2019) ON WORLD BANK DATA
EXPORTS ON GDP (%)
IT IS NOT ABOUT JUST “GLOBALIZATION”…
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.. IT IS THE ENTREPRENEURIAL STATE..
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
45,00
50,00
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
China Germany India Italy Japan Russia UnitedStates
SOURCE: “Democracy and growth in the 21st Century” (2019) ON WORLD BANK DATA11
INVESTIMENTS ON GDP (%)
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CHINA34%
USA10%
JAPAN6%
UK4%
GERMANY3%
ITALY2%
INDIA3%
RUSSIA4%
SPAIN3%
SOUTH KOREA6%
OTHER COUNTRIES
25%
CHINA64,2%
JAPAN7,3%
SOUTH KOREA2,1%
TURKEY1,7%
FRANCE6,6%
GERMANY4,0%
ITALY2,3%
SPAIN7,0%
UK0,3%
USA1,8%
OTHERS2,6%
SOURCE: “Democracy and Growth in the 21st Century” ON UIC (Union International des Chemins Fer) and International Association of Public Transport DATA 12
… THE INFRASTRUCTURE …DISTRIBUTION OF KM OF SUBWAY (dx) AND HIGH SPEED TRAIN (LEFT), WORLD (2016)
CHINA34%
USA10%
JAPAN6%
UK4%
GERMANY3%
ITALY2%
INDIA3%
RUSSIA4%
SPAIN3%
SOUTH KOREA6%
OTHER COUNTRIES
25%
CHINA64,2%
JAPAN7,3%
SOUTH KOREA2,1%
TURKEY1,7%
FRANCE6,6%
GERMANY4,0%
ITALY2,3%
SPAIN7,0%
UK0,3%
USA1,8%
OTHERS2,6%
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.. THE REGULATIONS ..THE CASE OF AVS - CHINESE FIRMS ARE TAKING A DIFFERENT ROUTE TO DRIVERLESS CARS: THEY MAY WIN (THE ECONOMIST, 12TH OCTOBER 2019)
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.. AND A DIFFERENT APPROACH TO “TIME”
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Fifteen years oldchinese students score535 in maths and theyare second in the worldafter SINGAPORE(Germany score 506;USA 470)
Source: OCSE-PISA
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DEBT OVER GDP FOR OECD COUNTRIES:264 (2007)258 (2017)
29,6 33 35,4 38,2 44,2 46,4
105,5109,3
113119,4
128,1134,9
15,516
38,636,4
36,6
37,5
0
50
100
150
200
250
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Households Companies Government
SOURCE: “Democracy and Growth in the 21st Century” (2019) su dati FMI 15
VULNERABILITIES -THE COST OF GOING TOO FAST FOR A TOO LONG TIME… EVOLUTION DEBT OVER GDP (CHINA, 2012–2017)
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16
10
60
110
160
210
260
2013 2014 2015 2016
Delhi
Xi’an
Pechino
Teheran
Milano Londra
Città del Messico
AIR QUALITY, AVERAGE PM10 AND PM2,5 PER M3
Fonte: “Democracy and Growth in the 21st Century” (2019) su dati OMS
HANERGY, SHENZEN, THE DIGITAL ROAD, THE PROTOTYPE
.. THE ENVIRONMENT BOMB AND TURN PROBLEMS INTO OPPORTUNITIES
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MAIN MESSAGES
•THE INNOVATION PARADOX AND THE BATTLE FOR GLOBAL DIGITAL LEADERSHIP
•THE FLIGHT OF THE DRAGON (AND ITS VULNERABILITY)
•10 IDEAS FOR EUROPEAN (INDUSTRIAL AND POLITICAL) LEADERS
17
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1
1. DEVELOP INNOVATION AS PORTFOLIO OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS LED
EXPERIMENTATIONS
2. DESIGN CORPORATE VENTURE CAPITAL CAPABILITIES
3. SHORTEN GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS AROUND THE 3D PRINTED IDEA AS DISPLACER OF OLD
4. PROMOTE EUROPEAN DIGITAL PLATFORMS AND/ OR EU REGULATION OF THE NOT EU ONES AS
PRIVATE – PUBLIC PARTNERSHIP
5. DEVELOP PARTNERSHIPS WITH PLACES TO HOST DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES (CITIES, SCHOOLS,
HOSPITALS)
6. REDEFINE OWN INDUSTRY ON THE BASIS OF THE “RELATED VARIETY” CONCEPT
7. PARTNER WITH NOT BUSINESS KNOWLEDGE HOLDERS
8. REDEFINE CSR AND SUSTAINABILITY AS HOW TO USE CORE COMPETENCES TO DELIVER SOCIAL
VALUE
9. NURTURE DIVERSITY AS DRIVER OF INNOVATION
10. ANTICIPATE CHANGE (NO “WAIT AND SEE”)
TEN IDEAS FOR THE 21 ST CENTURY BATTLE
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www.thinktank.vision
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BACK UP
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Fonte: “Democracy and Growth in the 21st Century” su dati Banca Mondiale e The Economist Intelligence Unit
THE PUZZLE OF LIBERAL DEMOCRACY
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CHINA
ESTONIAITALY
RUSSIA
AUSTRALIAGERMANY
UK
US
CANADA
NORWAY
JAPAN FRANCE
BRAZIL
CUBA
UAE
LOW GDP GROWTH HIGH DEMOCRACY
QATAR
HIGH GDP GROWTH HIGH DEMOCRACY
HIGH GDP GROWTH LOWDEMOCRACY
LOW GDP GROWTH LOWDEMOCRACY
+ 8,0%
INDIA
- 10,0 %
+ 5,0
- 5,0
YEARLY GDP GROWTH vs WORLD AVERAGE
DEM
OC
RA
CY
IND
EX v
s W
OR
LD
AV
ERA
GE
Correlation: -0,45Correlation (OECD): - 0,36
Correlation (not OECD): - 0,61
GROWTH RATES (1996–2016; differences versus average) and DEMOCRACY (THE ECONOMIST’S DEMOCRACY INDEX (2015; differences versus average)
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS COMPARED –INTERNET, GUTENBERG, THE EXPLOSION OF INFORMATION AND REALLOCATION OF GEO POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC POWER
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1455 1517
1969 2019
?
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KUBLAI, MARCO, AND THE NEW SILK ROAD: FROM DEAL MAKING TO ENGAGEMENT
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS AND SHARE OF WORLD GDP OF MAJOR ECONOMIES
TO SUM UP.. MODERNITY AS BACK TO HISTORY
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PREVIOUS TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTIONS
INTERNET REVOLUTION
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.. AS THE RESULT OF A CONTROL SYNDROME
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LIMITS – THE GAP OF CULTURAL INFLUENCE AND AMERICANEGEMONY ..
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G7 Asia Eastern Europe Africa South America Middle East
1989 - 2016 1,9% 5,3% 2,1% 2,5% 2,7% 2,2%
1900 - 1988 2,2% 0,8% 2,0% 1,6% 1,8% 2,2%
1850 - 1900 1,4% 0,3% 1,5% 0,6% 0,8% 0,5%
per capita income in 1850 1.960 909 1.398 1.199 841 1.192
IT CAN NON BE JUST A «CATCH UP»..
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FONTE: Maddison Project Database, versione 2018. Bolt, Jutta, Robert Inklaar, Herman de Jong and Jan Luiten van Zanden
REAL INCOME PER HABITANT, GROWTH RATES (IN USD 2011)
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11) THE ROADMAP: TURN THE 20TH CENTURY DREAM INTO A LAB OF A 21ST CENTURY DEMOCRACY
DO LESS, DO IT BETTER, AND SOLVE PROBLEMS
REDRAFT A NEW SOCIAL PACT WITH EUROPEAN CITIZENS BASED ON RESULTS, RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
GO BEYOND THE OVER- DEPENDENCE ON STATES
REFOCUS EUROPE
EXPAND THE METHOD TO OTHER POLICIES
CONSOLIDATE THE UNIONS OF EUROPEAN PEOPLE, CITIES AND STATES
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THE NEW FRONTIER: FROM INNOVATION TO A VISION OF THE FUTURE (WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS)
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1 700
1 031 1 142
2 107
979
1 906
1 021
2 614
THE SYMBOLIC GAP (2)… WHICH HAS GOT IMPORTANT ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Number of Tourists from Germany, France and Spain to Selected Asian Countries (Mio, 2017)