China and Japan in the early 20th century

The New China is born 1911when the Qing Dynasty

crumbles:• Sun Yat-Sen - Wuchang uprising

• Kuomintang

• May Fourth Movement (Versailles = )

• 1917 - nationalism vs. Japan

• 1925 - Sun dies

Chiang Kai-Shek1925

• Dictatorship

• Anti-communist

• Corruption

• Strong central gov’t

Japan

Western Culture

Mukden, 1931 (see pg 53 in the Map Book)

The famed Marco Polo Bridge at MukdenThe famed Marco Polo Bridge at Mukden

Autarky Fix #1 - Manchuria 1931Autarky Fix #2: the rest of China 1937

Another view…

The Long March, 1934

Chiang attacked the CCP in 1927 - Mao escaped the “White Terror.”

Split upSplit upEscapeEscape

Re-join in stagesRe-join in stages

Safety in the North-WestSafety in the North-West

Increased German cooperation for China from 1933 until the Japanese invasion in 1937.

Talk didn’t matter - the ARMY didn’t listen and took

control in 1937!Talk didn’t matter - the ARMY didn’t listen and took

control in 1937!

The first Sino-Japanese War was pre 1900.

Asia for the Asians

Trade: the aggressive way out

The Depression was devastating for Japan: foreign tariffs cut trade by 2/3 - by 1931 1/2 of her factories closed.

Fix #1 - Invasion of Manchuria 1931

Fix #2 - Huge increases in Gov’t spending (rearmament): ’32,’33,’34 up 20%/yr - in’36 the Army murdered the finance minister when he planned to cut spending - they wanted EVEN MORE ARMAMENT.

• 1/2 of Japan’s exports to Yen Bloc• 2/5 of Japan’s imports from Yen Bloc• BUT, this is not enough - Japan would not be

able to prosper AND keep her large armed forces unless her empire grew. She needed resources.

• Ironically, the aggressive nationalism that saved her from the Depression would soon push her into a self-destructive war with America.

• But first, more success…

Success in the YEN BLOC!(Korea, Taiwan (Formosa), and Manchukuo

AUTARCHY

Greater East Asia

Co-Prosperity Sphere

a NEW ORDER ?

Atrocities…

The Nanking Massacre /The Rape of Nanking

300,000 or

6000?300,000 or

6000?

“Animal instincts” / Postcards / Army censors / Revenge 1947

Why would the USA not send aid to the Communists in spite of advise to do so by their own in-country advisor?

P-40 Warhawk

This intervention from Burma was limited; soon

the Japanese would wake the Sleeping Giant in

earnest.

This intervention from Burma was limited; soon

the Japanese would wake the Sleeping Giant in

earnest.

END