China and East Asia in the 600-1450 Period Chapters 12 and 13 AP World History Mr. Bartula.

China and East AsiaChina and East Asiain the 600-1450 Periodin the 600-1450 Period

Chapters 12 and 13Chapters 12 and 13

AP World HistoryAP World History

Mr. BartulaMr. Bartula

Asia and the WorldAsia and the World

Eurocentrics tend to regard the Eurocentrics tend to regard the European voyages of the 1400s and European voyages of the 1400s and 1500s as unprecedented “discoveries.”1500s as unprecedented “discoveries.”

Actually, much of the world was Actually, much of the world was interconnected, centered around trade interconnected, centered around trade with Asia through the Indian Ocean.with Asia through the Indian Ocean.

Asia was the birthplace of many Asia was the birthplace of many important trade goods, inventions, and important trade goods, inventions, and other developments during the 600-other developments during the 600-1450 period.1450 period.

Straits of Malacca and the Kra Straits of Malacca and the Kra PortagePortage

Cotton and IndigoCotton and Indigo Grown in Indus Valley Grown in Indus Valley

since ca 2300 BCEsince ca 2300 BCE Spread to Middle East, Spread to Middle East,

Mediterranean, and Mediterranean, and China.China.

Indigo dye supplied the Indigo dye supplied the characteristic blue characteristic blue cotton garb of the cotton garb of the ChineseChinese

Cotton sails enabled the Cotton sails enabled the Chinese navy to travel Chinese navy to travel long distances.long distances.

India and Food CropsIndia and Food Crops

India was not an important cradle for India was not an important cradle for food crops.food crops.

India’s contribution was to accept India’s contribution was to accept foods from other areas, improve foods from other areas, improve them, and send them on to the rest of them, and send them on to the rest of the world.the world.

Examples: citrus fruits and sugar from Examples: citrus fruits and sugar from Southeast Asia; watermelon, Southeast Asia; watermelon, sorghum, and bananas from Africa.sorghum, and bananas from Africa.

Indian numerals and Indian numerals and mathematicsmathematics

Indians were familiar Indians were familiar with Greek, with Greek, Mesopotamian, and Mesopotamian, and Chinese Chinese mathematical mathematical concepts, and went concepts, and went far beyond them.far beyond them.

Base 10 systemBase 10 system Zero developed by Zero developed by

Buddhists by 499 Buddhists by 499 CE.CE.

SilkSilk Silk industry dates back to Shang DynastySilk industry dates back to Shang Dynasty Silk Road opened during the Han DynastySilk Road opened during the Han Dynasty The Chinese kept silk production secret The Chinese kept silk production secret

until the 6until the 6thth century CE. century CE. Nestorian Christians smuggled silk worms Nestorian Christians smuggled silk worms

and mulberry leaves out of China.and mulberry leaves out of China. The silk trade led to the spread of The silk trade led to the spread of

Buddhism out of India into China and Buddhism out of India into China and Central Asia.Central Asia.

SpicesSpices

Black pepper grown in East Java, Black pepper grown in East Java, Sumatra, and southern IndiaSumatra, and southern India

Introduced to Mediterranean by 1Introduced to Mediterranean by 1stst century CEcentury CE

Chinese appetite for fine spices led Chinese appetite for fine spices led to trade in cloves, nutmeg, and mace to trade in cloves, nutmeg, and mace from Southeast Asia to Chinafrom Southeast Asia to China

Muslims in Middle East introduced Muslims in Middle East introduced spices to Europeansspices to Europeans

Champa RiceChampa Rice From Southeast Asia, From Southeast Asia,

IndochinaIndochina Early ripening (more Early ripening (more

than one crop per than one crop per growing season growing season possible), highly possible), highly nutritious, drought nutritious, drought resistantresistant

Led to population Led to population explosion in Chinaexplosion in China

Chinese introduced Chinese introduced rice to India, India to rice to India, India to the Middle East, the Middle East, Middle East to Europe.Middle East to Europe.

Rice PaddyRice Paddy

Paper, Compass, PorcelainPaper, Compass, Porcelain

All Chinese inventions, transferred to All Chinese inventions, transferred to India, the Middle East, then to EuropeIndia, the Middle East, then to Europe

PrintingPrinting Invented by Buddhists in China in 7Invented by Buddhists in China in 7thth

century C.E.century C.E. Spread to India, then to EuropeSpread to India, then to Europe Not important in the Middle East Not important in the Middle East

because of Islamic prohibitions because of Islamic prohibitions against images.against images.

Equine Collar HarnessEquine Collar Harness Invented in China Invented in China

during Shang Dynastyduring Shang Dynasty An improved version An improved version

developed in China developed in China around 500 CE and around 500 CE and spread westwardspread westward

Played major role in Played major role in European agricultural European agricultural development and in development and in European population European population growth during the growth during the Medieval Era.Medieval Era.

Themes of Chinese HistoryThemes of Chinese History

The oldest continuous civilization and The oldest continuous civilization and the dominant cultural center of East the dominant cultural center of East Asia.Asia.

Confucianist philosophy is reflected in Confucianist philosophy is reflected in all aspects of lifeall aspects of life

The dominant strain of Confucianism The dominant strain of Confucianism in China stresses the perfectibility of in China stresses the perfectibility of man through self-cultivation, man through self-cultivation, education, and ritualeducation, and ritual

The Three Kingdom Period The Three Kingdom Period 220-589220-589

After the collapse of the Han Dynasty After the collapse of the Han Dynasty China broke up into semi-independent China broke up into semi-independent warring states.warring states.

During this period Confucianism During this period Confucianism declined as the dominant philosophydeclined as the dominant philosophy

It was replaced by two salvation It was replaced by two salvation religions: Neo-Daoism and especially religions: Neo-Daoism and especially Buddhism.Buddhism.

Buddhism entered China from India Buddhism entered China from India along trade routes.along trade routes.

The Golden Age of China 589-The Golden Age of China 589-1217 1217

Sui Dynasty 589-618Sui Dynasty 589-618 Sui Wendi reunified China Sui Wendi reunified China

and established the Sui and established the Sui DynastyDynasty

Buddhism became the Buddhism became the dominant governing dominant governing philosophy of China for the philosophy of China for the next several hundred years.next several hundred years.

The Sui were responsible for The Sui were responsible for many large building many large building projects, including the Grand projects, including the Grand Canal which linked northern Canal which linked northern and southern Chinaand southern China

High taxation and forced High taxation and forced labor caused peasant labor caused peasant revolts, which brought the revolts, which brought the Sui Dynasty to an end.Sui Dynasty to an end.

The Grand CanalThe Grand CanalThe Grand CanalThe Grand Canal

The Grand CanalThe Grand Canal

The Grand Canal The Grand Canal TodayToday

The Grand Canal The Grand Canal TodayToday

Tang Dynasty 618-907Tang Dynasty 618-907

Under the Tang Dynasty China Under the Tang Dynasty China reached its greatest geographic extentreached its greatest geographic extent

China, as the preeminent civilization in China, as the preeminent civilization in East Asia, had enormous cultural East Asia, had enormous cultural influence on Korea, Japan, and influence on Korea, Japan, and Southeast Asia during this and Southeast Asia during this and succeeding periods.succeeding periods.

During this period Europe was During this period Europe was experiencing cultural decline during experiencing cultural decline during the “Dark Ages.”the “Dark Ages.”

Tang Government Tang Government OrganizationOrganization

Tang Government Tang Government OrganizationOrganization

Chang’an, The Tang Capital of Chang’an, The Tang Capital of China (modern Xian)China (modern Xian)

Cosmopolitan center of tradeCosmopolitan center of trade Eastern end of the Silk RoadEastern end of the Silk Road Temples representing Confucianism, Temples representing Confucianism,

Daoism, Buddhism, Islam, Nestorian Daoism, Buddhism, Islam, Nestorian Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, and many other faiths and and many other faiths and philosophies philosophies

Large marketplace with wares from all Large marketplace with wares from all over the known worldover the known world

Mosque, showing mixed Arab Mosque, showing mixed Arab and Chinese design, in and Chinese design, in

Chang’anChang’an

Chinese culture under the Chinese culture under the TangTang

Buddhism was the Buddhism was the dominant religion or dominant religion or philosophyphilosophy

Poetry, the dominant Poetry, the dominant Chinese literary form, Chinese literary form, became the essential became the essential form of social form of social communication communication (everyone wrote (everyone wrote poetry).poetry).

Calligraphy, landscape Calligraphy, landscape painting also highly painting also highly developed artformsdeveloped artforms

Advances in astronomy, Advances in astronomy, chemistry, and medicinechemistry, and medicine

Tang Dynasty CoinTang Dynasty Coin

Landscape paintingLandscape painting

Li Po, the greatest Chinese Li Po, the greatest Chinese poetpoet

Li Po’s PoetryLi Po’s PoetryIN THE MOUNTAINS ON A SUMMER DAY IN THE MOUNTAINS ON A SUMMER DAY

Gently I stir a white feather fan,Gently I stir a white feather fan,With open shirt sitting in a green wood.With open shirt sitting in a green wood.

I take off my cap and hang it on a jutting atone;I take off my cap and hang it on a jutting atone;A wind from the pine-trees trickles on my bare head.A wind from the pine-trees trickles on my bare head.

IN the third month the town of Hsien-yangIN the third month the town of Hsien-yangIs thick-spread with a carpet of fallen flowers.Is thick-spread with a carpet of fallen flowers.

Who in Spring can bear to grieve alone?Who in Spring can bear to grieve alone?Who, sober, look on sights like these?Who, sober, look on sights like these?Riches and Poverty, long or short life,Riches and Poverty, long or short life,

By the Maker of Things are portioned and disposed; By the Maker of Things are portioned and disposed; But a cup of wine levels life and deathBut a cup of wine levels life and death

And a thousand things obstinately hard to prove.And a thousand things obstinately hard to prove.When I am drunk, I lose Heaven and Earth, When I am drunk, I lose Heaven and Earth,

Motionless—I cleave to my lonely bed.Motionless—I cleave to my lonely bed.At last I forget that I exist at all,At last I forget that I exist at all,

And at that moment my joy is great indeed. And at that moment my joy is great indeed.

Tang TechnologyTang Technology

Printing PressPrinting Press Altitude of the Altitude of the

North Pole North Pole measuredmeasured

Astronomical Astronomical observationsobservations

Sun Simiao, notable Tang Sun Simiao, notable Tang doctordoctor

Wrote textbooks Wrote textbooks and medical guides and medical guides on gynecology, on gynecology, pharmacology, pharmacology, pediatrics, and pediatrics, and acupunctureacupuncture

Known as “The Known as “The King of Herbs”King of Herbs”

Empress Wu (Wei) 684-705Empress Wu (Wei) 684-705

Greatest Tang rulerGreatest Tang ruler Tang Dynasty’s Tang Dynasty’s

height of military height of military powerpower

Disliked by ChineseDisliked by Chinese Strong BuddhistStrong Buddhist

Decline and Fall of the TangDecline and Fall of the Tang

Invasions by Turks and peasant Invasions by Turks and peasant rebellions weakened the Tang rebellions weakened the Tang DynastyDynasty

Chang’an was captured by invaders Chang’an was captured by invaders and then recaptured, badly damagedand then recaptured, badly damaged

Central government lost powerCentral government lost power Tang collapsed in 907Tang collapsed in 907

The Song Dynasty 960-1279The Song Dynasty 960-1279 Two separate segments:Two separate segments: Northern Song 960-1127. Northern Song 960-1127.

Capital Kaifeng. Capital Kaifeng. Conquered by JurchensConquered by Jurchens

Southern Song 1127-Southern Song 1127-1269. Capital Hangzhou. 1269. Capital Hangzhou. Conquered by Mongols.Conquered by Mongols.

Compared to Tang Compared to Tang Dynasty, Song China was Dynasty, Song China was geographically smaller geographically smaller but much wealthier.but much wealthier.

Developments Under the Song Developments Under the Song DynastyDynasty

Commercial Revolution led Commercial Revolution led to development of a market to development of a market economy throughout China, economy throughout China, growth of international growth of international trade, and the use of paper trade, and the use of paper moneymoney

Agricultural Revolution Agricultural Revolution changed the Chinese diet changed the Chinese diet and led to a population and led to a population explosion.explosion.

Technological Technological developments led China to developments led China to the verge of the verge of industrialization: proto-industrialization: proto-industrialization.industrialization.

Developments Under the Song Developments Under the Song DynastyDynasty

Urbanization: Chinese cities became the Urbanization: Chinese cities became the largest and most prosperous in the worldlargest and most prosperous in the world

Political changes: Emperors gained Political changes: Emperors gained absolute power, nobility lost powerabsolute power, nobility lost power

Confucianism regained dominance and Confucianism regained dominance and continued to control the examination continued to control the examination system. A public school system was system. A public school system was established to train boys in Confucianism.established to train boys in Confucianism.

KaifengKaifeng

HangzhouHangzhou

The Song Agricultural The Song Agricultural RevolutionRevolution

The conquest of the Northern The conquest of the Northern Song by the Jurchens in 1127 Song by the Jurchens in 1127 led to a southward migration led to a southward migration by the Chinese to below the by the Chinese to below the Yangtze River.Yangtze River.

This meant the majority of the This meant the majority of the Chinese now inhabited rice Chinese now inhabited rice and tea growing regions.and tea growing regions.

At the same time, the Chinese At the same time, the Chinese began using porcelain cooking began using porcelain cooking pots and plates.pots and plates.

With healthier food, the With healthier food, the Chinese population began to Chinese population began to grow dramatically.grow dramatically.

Rice CultivationRice Cultivation

Religious and Philosophical Religious and Philosophical ChangesChanges

By the later Tang and Song By the later Tang and Song dynasties, Buddhist dynasties, Buddhist monasteries and temples monasteries and temples had gained enormous had gained enormous wealth.wealth.

This caused the later Tang This caused the later Tang and Song Emperors to and Song Emperors to become suspicious of become suspicious of Buddhists and turn back to Buddhists and turn back to Confucianist philosophy. Confucianist philosophy.

Confucianists believed Confucianists believed Buddhism, as a foreign Buddhism, as a foreign import, was responsible for import, was responsible for China’s problemsChina’s problems

Buddhism in China began to Buddhism in China began to decline by the time of the decline by the time of the Song DynastySong Dynasty

Neo-ConfucianismNeo-Confucianism A combination of Confucianist, A combination of Confucianist,

Buddhist, and some Daoist Buddhist, and some Daoist ideasideas

Agriculture favored over Agriculture favored over commercecommerce

International trade and contact International trade and contact considered harmful to Chinaconsidered harmful to China

Male dominance and patriarchy Male dominance and patriarchy reinforcedreinforced

Considered responsible for Considered responsible for blocking Chinese blocking Chinese industrializationindustrialization

China’s privileged position as China’s privileged position as The Middle Kingdom could be The Middle Kingdom could be jeopardized by outside jeopardized by outside contacts.contacts.

Foot-Binding in Song Foot-Binding in Song ChinaChina


Broken toes by 3 years of age.Broken toes by 3 years of age.

Size 5 ½ Size 5 ½ shoe on the shoe on the rightright



Mothers bound their daughters’ feet.Mothers bound their daughters’ feet.



This was an upper This was an upper class status symbol.class status symbol.

Women were crippledWomen were crippled

The Results of Foot-The Results of Foot-BindingBinding

The Results of Foot-The Results of Foot-BindingBinding

Some Elderly Chinese Some Elderly Chinese Women Still Have Bound Women Still Have Bound

Feet!Feet!

The Sinic World of East AsiaThe Sinic World of East Asia The region historically The region historically

under Chinese cultural under Chinese cultural influenceinfluence

Japan, Korea, Japan, Korea, Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

Chinese language as Chinese language as the language of the the language of the eliteelite

Chinese literary Chinese literary culture: Confucianism, culture: Confucianism, poetry, etc.poetry, etc.

Bureaucracies, Bureaucracies, examination systems, examination systems, national universitiesnational universities

Six Broad Themes of Japanese Six Broad Themes of Japanese HistoryHistory

All societies interact, All societies interact, but major but major transformations in transformations in Japanese history Japanese history were distinguished were distinguished by deliberate, by deliberate, massive cultural massive cultural borrowings, followed borrowings, followed by “Japanization” or by “Japanization” or adaption of foreign adaption of foreign ways.ways.


Japanese society Japanese society accomodates accomodates aggressive pursuit aggressive pursuit of change within a of change within a framework of framework of continuity. In other continuity. In other words, they change words, they change while maintaining while maintaining tradition.tradition.


Japan’s insularity Japan’s insularity and isolation has and isolation has fostered a social fostered a social closeness. This is closeness. This is also a reflection of also a reflection of Confucianist values Confucianist values imported from imported from China. China.


An inclination An inclination toward political and toward political and social stability is social stability is reflected in the reflected in the longevity of political longevity of political institutions like the institutions like the monarchy. A monarchy. A preference for preference for evolutionary rather evolutionary rather than revolutionary than revolutionary change.change.


Japan’s size and Japan’s size and lack of natural lack of natural resources makes resources makes the relationship the relationship between domestic between domestic production and production and imported goods a imported goods a critical factor in its critical factor in its economy.economy.


Throughout its Throughout its history Japan has history Japan has experienced experienced periods of reclusive periods of reclusive withdrawal withdrawal alternating with alternating with periods of active periods of active engagement with engagement with the outside world.the outside world.

Japan’s Classical Period ca 550-Japan’s Classical Period ca 550-11851185

The first period of The first period of deliberate cultural deliberate cultural borrowing and borrowing and adaptation.adaptation.

The Japanese studied The Japanese studied and borrowed from and borrowed from Chinese culture, Chinese culture, introduced to them by introduced to them by the Koreans.the Koreans.

Among the cultural Among the cultural imports were Buddhism, imports were Buddhism, Confucianist social and Confucianist social and political values, and the political values, and the Chinese written and Chinese written and spoken languages.spoken languages.

ShintoShinto Buddhism co-existed Buddhism co-existed

alongside the native alongside the native Japanese religion, Japanese religion, Shinto.Shinto.

Shinto is a religion Shinto is a religion based on the worship of based on the worship of deities called Kami, who deities called Kami, who are considered benign are considered benign and helpful to humans.and helpful to humans.

Shinto recognizes many Shinto recognizes many sacred places: sacred places: mountains, lakes, mountains, lakes, springs, etc.springs, etc.

84% of modern 84% of modern Japanese practice both Japanese practice both Shinto and BuddhismShinto and Buddhism

Mount FujiMount Fuji

Japan’s Classical (Heian) Period Japan’s Classical (Heian) Period ca 550-1185ca 550-1185

Japan adopted a Japan adopted a Confucianist style Confucianist style government, with an government, with an Emperor and an Emperor and an examination system for the examination system for the bureaucracy in the Capital, bureaucracy in the Capital, Hei-an (modern Kyoto).Hei-an (modern Kyoto).

Although Japanese was very Although Japanese was very different from Chinese, the different from Chinese, the Chinese writing system was Chinese writing system was adapted for use with adapted for use with Japanese.Japanese.

Japanese literature, Japanese literature, particularly poetry, particularly poetry, flourished in this period.flourished in this period.

Japanese WritingJapanese Writing Japanese adapted about 1500 Chinese Japanese adapted about 1500 Chinese

characters and supplemented them with characters and supplemented them with additional characters representing additional characters representing phonetics.phonetics.

Japanese has fewer sounds than English Japanese has fewer sounds than English and all syllables are pronounced equally.and all syllables are pronounced equally.

A change of pitch (tone) is used to indicate A change of pitch (tone) is used to indicate differences between two otherwise differences between two otherwise identical words.identical words.

Gairago or loan words have flooded the Gairago or loan words have flooded the Japanese language: violin: biorin, Japanese language: violin: biorin, beefsteak: bifutekibeefsteak: bifuteki

Japanese Classical Japanese Classical LiteratureLiterature

Women made many literary Women made many literary contributions during the classical contributions during the classical period.period.

Women did not work in government Women did not work in government and therefore did not have to use the and therefore did not have to use the Chinese language, allowing them to Chinese language, allowing them to experiment with the Japanese spoken experiment with the Japanese spoken and written language.and written language.

The Pillow Book of Sei The Pillow Book of Sei Shonagon, ca 996Shonagon, ca 996

Sei Shonagon was a lady of the court Sei Shonagon was a lady of the court of the Japanese imperial family.of the Japanese imperial family.

She was known for her quick wit, She was known for her quick wit, sunny disposition, and knowledge of sunny disposition, and knowledge of the Chinese classics.the Chinese classics.

Her pillow book was partly a diary, Her pillow book was partly a diary, partly a book of observations and partly a book of observations and poetry.poetry.

The Tale of Genji, by the Lady The Tale of Genji, by the Lady Murasaki Shikibu ca 973-1025Murasaki Shikibu ca 973-1025

Often called the first novel, Often called the first novel, the story is centered on the story is centered on the life and adventures of the life and adventures of Hikaru Genji, born to a Hikaru Genji, born to a Heian EmperorHeian Emperor

Lady Murasaki was the Lady Murasaki was the daughter of a court official daughter of a court official who allowed her to study who allowed her to study alongside her brother and alongside her brother and learn Chinese.learn Chinese.

Little else is known of her Little else is known of her life.life.

Medieval Japan 1185-1600Medieval Japan 1185-1600

Japan’s medieval period began as the Japan’s medieval period began as the central government gradually lost central government gradually lost power to several noble families.power to several noble families.

Warfare and destruction characterized Warfare and destruction characterized the medieval period.the medieval period.

Europe’s medieval period occurred Europe’s medieval period occurred during the same general time period, during the same general time period, and the similarities are striking, and the similarities are striking, particularly in the development of particularly in the development of feudalism.feudalism.

FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.

Japan:Japan:

A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.

Japan:Japan: Shogun

Daimyo Daimyo

Samurai Samurai Samurai

Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant

Land - Shoen

Land - Shoen

Protection

Loyalty

Loyalty

Food

Code of Code of BushidoBushidoCode of Code of BushidoBushido

* Fidelity

* Politeness

* Virility

* Simplicity

* Fidelity

* Politeness

* Virility

* Simplicity

Seppuku: Seppuku: Ritual SuicideRitual Suicide

Seppuku: Seppuku: Ritual SuicideRitual Suicide

Kaishaku – his “seconds”

Kaishaku – his “seconds”

It is honorable to die in this way.

It is honorable to die in this way.

Full Samurai AttireFull Samurai AttireFull Samurai AttireFull Samurai Attire

Samurai SwordSamurai SwordSamurai SwordSamurai Sword

Osaka CastleOsaka Castle

Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle

Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle

Similarities Between European Similarities Between European and Japanese Feudalismand Japanese Feudalism

HierarchiesHierarchies Codes of Loyalty and Conduct Codes of Loyalty and Conduct Constant warfareConstant warfare Weak central governmentsWeak central governments Peasants made up vast majority of Peasants made up vast majority of

the populationthe population Large fortresses (castles)Large fortresses (castles)

Differences Between European Differences Between European and Japanese Feudalismand Japanese Feudalism

Europeans used formal contracts of Europeans used formal contracts of loyalty (led to contract law, loyalty (led to contract law, parliamentary government, etc.)parliamentary government, etc.)

Japanese used informal agreements Japanese used informal agreements and pledges of loyalty.and pledges of loyalty.

In Europe feudalism ended as In Europe feudalism ended as urbanization developed.urbanization developed.

In Japan, urbanization did not end In Japan, urbanization did not end feudalism.feudalism.

The Kamakura Shogunate The Kamakura Shogunate 1180-13331180-1333

Shogun: Barbarian conquering great Shogun: Barbarian conquering great general.general.

Bakufu: tent governmentBakufu: tent government The Kamakura shoguns held the real The Kamakura shoguns held the real

power in Japan. The Emperors in power in Japan. The Emperors in Kyoto were only figureheads.Kyoto were only figureheads.

Attempted Mongol InvasionsAttempted Mongol Invasions The Mongols had The Mongols had

conquered China and conquered China and established a vast established a vast empire.empire.

In 1272 and 1281 In 1272 and 1281 Mongol fleets carrying Mongol fleets carrying gunpowder weapons gunpowder weapons were sent to invade and were sent to invade and conquer Japan.conquer Japan.

Both fleets were Both fleets were destroyed by storms in destroyed by storms in the Sea of Japan: the the Sea of Japan: the kamikazes.kamikazes.

The Ashikaga Shogunate 1333-The Ashikaga Shogunate 1333-14671467

Took power after conflict among the Took power after conflict among the daimyo overthrew the Kamakura daimyo overthrew the Kamakura Shogunate.Shogunate.

Weaker than the Kamakura Weaker than the Kamakura Shogunate, it controlled only parts of Shogunate, it controlled only parts of some islands.some islands.

The Onin War of 1467-1477 ended the The Onin War of 1467-1477 ended the Ashikaga Shogunate and led to a Ashikaga Shogunate and led to a century of civil war within Japan.century of civil war within Japan.

Zen BuddhismZen Buddhism A version of Mahayana A version of Mahayana

Buddhism which Buddhism which developed in Tang developed in Tang China and was later China and was later introduced to Japan.introduced to Japan.

It focuses on personal It focuses on personal enlightenment and self-enlightenment and self-discipline through discipline through meditation.meditation.

Popular among the Popular among the samurai in the samurai in the medieval period.medieval period.

Zen Buddhist dry gardenZen Buddhist dry garden

Amida or Pure Land Amida or Pure Land BuddhismBuddhism Another version of Another version of

Mahayana Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism imported from China.imported from China.

A more democratic A more democratic version of Buddhism version of Buddhism which taught that all which taught that all people were eligible to people were eligible to reach the “Pure Land” as reach the “Pure Land” as envisioned by the envisioned by the Bhoddisatva Amida.Bhoddisatva Amida.

Popular among the Popular among the peasants during the peasants during the medieval period in Japan.medieval period in Japan.

Four Themes of Korean Four Themes of Korean HistoryHistory

A sense of cultural A sense of cultural closeness to Chinacloseness to China

The transformation of The transformation of borrowed traditionsborrowed traditions

The limiting of outside The limiting of outside influences and a influences and a tendency towards tendency towards seclusionseclusion

Social stability and Social stability and hierarchy hierarchy (Confucianist) in a (Confucianist) in a homogenous society.homogenous society.

Korea’s Early and Classical Korea’s Early and Classical PeriodsPeriods

According to Korean mythology, According to Korean mythology, Korea was founded in 2,333 Korea was founded in 2,333 BCE and named Choson.BCE and named Choson.

From 50 BCE to 668 CE Korea From 50 BCE to 668 CE Korea was divided into three was divided into three kingdoms, all strongly kingdoms, all strongly influenced by Chinainfluenced by China

Although the Korean language Although the Korean language is very different, Korea adopted is very different, Korea adopted the Chinese writing system, the Chinese writing system, modifying some characters and modifying some characters and inventing others.inventing others.

Chinese culture and Buddhism Chinese culture and Buddhism entered Korea during the Tang entered Korea during the Tang Dynasty. The native Korean folk Dynasty. The native Korean folk religion of shamanism survivedreligion of shamanism survived

Korea then transmitted this Korea then transmitted this culture to Japan.culture to Japan.

Korean ReligionKorean Religion

Korean SocietyKorean Society Korea was part of China’s Korea was part of China’s

East Asian trading systemEast Asian trading system At times Korea’s rulers At times Korea’s rulers

were vassals of the were vassals of the Chinese EmperorsChinese Emperors

Korea rarely had a Korea rarely had a powerful military.powerful military.

Korean society was proud Korean society was proud of its homogeneity and of its homogeneity and preferred seclusion to preferred seclusion to outside contact (except outside contact (except China). Traditionally called China). Traditionally called “The Hermit Kingdom”“The Hermit Kingdom”

Animosity towards Japan is Animosity towards Japan is ancient and reciprocated.ancient and reciprocated.

China and East Asia in the 600-1450 Period Chapters 12 and 13 AP World History Mr. Bartula.

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Transcript of China and East Asia in the 600-1450 Period Chapters 12 and 13 AP World History Mr. Bartula.