Children's Picture Dictionary With General Knowledge (Gnv64)

\ARORA'S\\

Published bv : ARORA BOOK COMPANY 109, Prakash Mahal, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110 002

P h . : 2 3 2 5 - 7 0 9 2 , 2 3 2 5 - 7 9 6 4

ISBN 81-87718-21-8

Compiled by : DHARAM DEV ARORA y

with General Knowledge

CONTENTS S.No. Subject Page No.

A. THE DICTIONARY 5-94 B. ACTION WORDS fcbUlcHcb 95-113 C. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 1. Colours 1 1 4

2 . Days, Months and Seasons R H , H ^ . k j c i h HIH 1 1 4

3. Time 1 1 4

4 . Animals cp -^Ft 1 1 5

5. Birds, Worms, Insects and Reptiles MU^, 4-tcbl^ l|cj dlol v^cl) HIH 1 1 6

6. Cries of Birds, Animals and Insects M f M , vilMcWf CUMI c f l ^ - H c h l ^ 3J|c||.\if 1 1 7

7 . Young ones of Animals VJIMCIVI cp cpsff cp ^TR 1 1 7

8. Sounds fc|fH?l c j ^ l d?| 1 1 8

9 . Dwelling and Places PiclKI l cj cf)| 1 1 8

10 . Schools & Colleges ^ci H^lRl^l ld^ ^ 1 2 2

11. Subjects ^ ( M H H 1 2 2

12 . Sports & Games ^ e f ciaTf 1 2 3

13. Eatables and Cereals vi lHM dSMI -HlvrlH ^ 1 2 4

14. Spices 1 2 5

15 . Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables 4>cH kjcj ^RsHiji 1 2 6

16 . Plants, Trees and Their Parts iflfc), cjJH v H ^ 'H\*\ 1 2 7

17 . Parts of the Body 1 2 8

18 . Ailments and Body Conditions yixpu daji 1 2 9

19 . Relations 1 3 0

2 0 . Clothes and Wearing Apparel 1 3 1

2 1 . Ornaments and Jewels 1 3 2

2 2 . Musical Instruments c i i a ^ 1 3 3

2 3 . Household Articles i n MRCIN w ^ s f t C R ^ 1 3 3

2 4 . Minerals 1 3 5

25 . Places, Buildings and Their Parts >WIH, ' W H ^cj vJH^ •HMI 1 3 5

26 . Stationery 1 3 7

27 . Tools aftjHN 1 3 8

28 . Warfare 1 3 9

29 . In the Hospital Rlfcb^lcHAI i) *l*<s|ptld yiccj 1 4 0

30. Profession and Occupations M kjcj oqc)^!^ ci4 1 4 1

31 . Police Department <jfcH>H fcJ'-HI-11 ^ <HHptld 1 4 3

32 . Jubilee Table 1 4 4

abcdefghijklmn j : opqrstuvwxyz [

alphabet The letters which are used to C^tfif iR:) write words.These letters go

in a special order. 3uiHi<ni I

acorn The nut which grows on an ( ) oak tree. If you plant an acorn

m \ it will take a long time to grow into a tree. cJcT " T

W f l

acrobat An acrobat does clever tricks ( ^ t e ) at the circus. ^ M l ' K l

Adder a poisonous snake. "^MT TPT;

aeroplane A machine which flies in (3*rtt#T) the sky. ^TW;

fsRHI

alligator ( QTh'V< )

An animal which lives in rivers and looks like a croco-dile. -erfswri

alsatian A large dog which looks a bit ( Q h ^ h ) like a wolf. ftranft ^rar I

ambulance A special kind of car which (Qhs^c-kh) takes people to hospital

when they are ill or hurt, t f ^ ^-SMeff ^ STFRfM^t

cTTcft "HT t I

ankle Part of your body which (• PcT) joins your foot and leg.

Z ^ T I

ant A very small insect. Hundreds . of ants live together, "^flzt

antelope An animal which looks (Q^chIm) like a deer, f f r q ^TT "q^j i

ape A large animal like a monkey with-(irq) out a tail. W T T ^ ; " fs fa f fa I

apple A round fruit which (•qufef) people like to eat. TRf I

anchor A heavy piece of iron on a long (•^m) chain, it keeps a boat still. cFR I

anorak A jacket with a hood to keep (QnY ch) you warm and dry. ^ fcrc

apron A piece of cloth which you (t j th) wear over your clothes to keep

them clean, ^ r g f ^ W W t % fcro; W t I

aquarium A glass tank to keep fish in. (arMtsm) You can watch the fish swim-

ming around. I

arm The part of your body between (srrf) your hand and shoulder, ^pfl I

armchair A chair with sides. You rest ( o t ^ ^ r ) your arms on the sides.

^ c ^ R ^ f f I

astronomer A person who studies the ( • ^ m ) stars. TsPTtel I

artist A person who paints and draws (OTf&re) pictures. °bCll°bK; f^r^TR I

astronaut A person who flies in a Ofc^Nfe) spacecraft. SRrfts} w f t

arrow A stick with a point at one end a x e A sharp tool with a handle You (^ft) and feathers at the other. I ( w O chop wood with an axe. j ^ i s l I

7

army |_ots 0f soldiers. ifal; ^nR (srnfl) "

baby (•^ft)

A very young child. A baby cannot walk. T ^ I ®r fT.

badge Something you wear to show that you belong to a certain school or club. fsfM.

badger A black and white animal which (sTvsr) lives in a hole in the ground. A

badger is very shy. f t e "q^; f^s j .

bag Something used to hold things. (%ti) A bag can be made of plastic,

paper or material. sfcfT;

baker A person who bakes and sells bread and cakes. -im®ii£

ball An object which is round. You («fra) often use a ball to play a game.

i fc; 7TtcTF.

ballet dancer

i 5 f r Y A ballet dancer dances in the ballet. A ballet is dancing which tells a story. " R

balloon A bag filled with air. Some balloons are small, others are large. "^pTRI.

banana A long yellow fruit with a ( c r r t ) thick skin.

8

bat A small animal that flies at night. A bat looks like a mouse with wings. -ciH'IK^.

9

band A group of people who play musi-cal instruments together. ^

barn A large building on a farm, (cjpf) Farmers keep things like hay and

animals in a barn. <sifcri$M; <*>ldK.

bandage A thin piece of material used ( t ^5 r ) for covering a wound. A

bandage is usually white, ^ t s

basin A round bowl for holding liquids. cTWFT;

basket Something to hold things. A (eiiR^e) basket is made from strips of

plaited wood, z t ^ f t ; ^ fd^ l .

bat A piece of wood used to hit a ball.

Cv barber person who cuts hair.

barbecue (dWdc^)

A party outside where food is cooked on a fire. "RTCT "^F^

bath A big container which you can fill (cnaj) with water and sit in. You can

wash yourself all over in a bath. 'T^T^ ^T ; FTFT.

bee A brown and yellow striped insect, (if l) A bee collects honey.

bell A bell is hollow. Inside is a ball (iter) which hits the side and rings when

shaken, w t ; W l .

bear (fcrc)

belt A long thin piece of material. You wear it round your waist, "^zt; ehH<«K.

beard (f lani)

bed Something you sleep on. Beds (•^g) are usually soft and comfortable.

fallen;

bicycle A machine with two wheels (eii^cbcH) that you ride, ^ hIWi "^t

mifoxrl.

binoculars These are like two telescopes joined together. You look through them to see things which are far away. ^Mfa.

The hair which man's chin. ^ t .

A large animal with thick fur. A bear can be black, brown or white. Tfe;

beetle (ffcci) An insect with four wings. The front wings are hard and shiny,

10

boat A small ship. A boat floats on ftte) water. HR; f ^ c f t .

bone One of the hard white parts of the (cf^r) body of a person or an animal.

^ S T .

bonfire a fire in the garden.

book Pages joined for you to read. (fEP)

boot A shoe which covers your ankle,

ft?) ^

11

blackboard A black surface. You can (^cpefr^) write on it with chalk.

W W .

blue shines.

black Th e darkest colour of all. "^MT; S R ^ K H ^ ; tTCTT ijF.

blackberry A small juicy fruit. Black-(cctcpiff[) berries can grow wild, ^ le f t

blackbird A black bird with a yellow (^cpcf^) beak. ^facT.

blue A colour. The sky is when the sun nten FT.

biscuit a small crunchy cake, fafchd. (ftfase)

bow A curved stick with string. It shoots (eft) arrows.

bow ( e f t ) A kind of knot. You tie your oelaces with a bow.

^rt ffte.

box A container with straight sides. A (cfnpn) box is made of cardboard, metal

or wood, - h ^ ; "^zt.

bread A food made from flour, ( i s ) ^ e l M

brick ( t o ) A piece of clay which is made into a block and baked. Bricks are used for building, f z .

boy A male child. A boy becomes a (#g) . man.

bridegroom A man on his wedding (d i ^ i jH) day. " ^ T ; Wi.

bridge A bridge crosses a road, river ( t o ) or railway. It takes you over to

the other side. "Jcf;

branch (fTpei)

boxer A person who fights with his ( w r c ) fists, t i ^ i t f .

nU-- 4 > € o

The part of a tree which grows out from the trunk. ^Teft; Z^f t .

broomA brush with a long handle. You sweep away the dust on the floor with a broom. W f ^

bride imz)

A woman on her wedding day.

bucket (erfcfcz) A container for holding water. A bucket always has a handle.

bud A leaf or a flower before it opens. ( t o ) ^ e f t ;

bus A very large car which carries (era) people. -MldMId =FT "HT^FT; ®T?T.

budgerigar (ensrfrfR) A small brightly coloured pet bird.

bull The male of any kind of large ani-(^cf) mal, usually cattle. ^Hfe; ^ T .

bulldozer A big machine which moves (•gesture) lots of earth and rubbish.

bungalow A house with no upstairs. All (cPTcft) the rooms of a bungalow

are on the ground, "ST37 ^TeTT.

butter Soft yellow food made from (ere*) cream. h<=ksm.

buttercup A bright yellow wild flower, (•sr r-epq) W i n %

button A small round object.

•

A button fastens your clothes together, ^ r , ^rq^f "qr wft WfT.

blutcRer He sells meat, ^ n f ; *TRT (f^R) ^TefT.

butterfly (sre^w^) An insect with large coloured wings. A butterfly grows from a caterpillar. fcRTeft.

car a motor with four wheels. (cRR)

cage A box or a room made from bars. (%ut) Animals and birds can be kept in

a cage. fq TCT.

camel (3>*r?f) A large animal which lives in the hot dry desert. It carries water in one or two humps on its back. I fe ; ^PlWH =FT tftst.

cabbage A green vegetable which (fofca) eat. ^ M ; WT t M .

we

cake A sweet food which is made from flour, butter, sugar and eggs. A cake is baked in an oven. 37IZI, 3TCT3T, W I , ofit rHdlch< FTFTT

calf (tPTO)

14

canoe

A young cow or . W f T .

A small yellow bird which sings. People often keep a canary as a pet. faf^l.

candle (%^§ct) A round piece of wax with string through the middle. The string burns and makes a light.

A small boat fel+KI ^ f t .

canary (tfafl)

caravan a house on wheels. ^

carrot A long orange vegetable. A car-( ^ s ) r o t grows in the ground. "TFJR.

castle A big stone building. Castles ( t^ ra) were built long ago.

: * *

c a t A small furry pet.

caterpillar A small creature which changes into a butterfly. ^ te i , f f i w .

c a v e A big hole in a cliff or in a hill. ( c k )

cello A musical instrument like a big (•ftcft) violin. c inRh "^Fn.

n\ '

centipede An insect with lots of legs.

chain Rings which are joined together.

chair A seat for one person to sit on. A chair has four legs and a back to lean against, f ^ f f .

KD cheese A food which is made from milk.

cherry A small round fruit. A cher-ry has a stone in the mid-dle. tJtef "Htef cTTcT W .

15

chess A game for two people played with chessmen, w b r

chicken ( f foR) A young hen. "grffwrÊfT; ^pn.

SEP r f n i

chimney A pipe to let the smoke out of (fxprft) a house. It is on the roof.

Pn+dH ^T T i m

chimpanzee a clever ape. 3 q ^ r

chips Small pieces of potato which are ( f l ro) fried. c T ^ f i r ^ z ^ t .

chocolate A brown sweet made from (trrpê) cocoa. ^rtert ^r ^ f t ffcrsrf.

choir A group of people who sing (M^ f ) together. TTFT f ^ q^T û^d l ^FI

I n — M

church A building where people go to (xnf) sing hymns and pray. pRÎI^R;

^ (ftTRFyft) oHHI^bl.

clarinet A musical instrument which you ( c f ^ e ) blow.

coconut A very large nut which grows (>lcfrHe) on some palm trees. -iiR<m

claw A sharp hard nail on the foot of an (•cfc j) animal or bird.

cliff A high steep rock usually near ( t o p ) t h e s e a . ^ f ^ F T f t ^ ^ f t ^ S R

coat Something you wear over other (cpfc) clothes, ^ f % TWf i M T

"feefT f3TT W f l ^ T f l .

cobweb (cbTdcId

A thin silky net made by a spi-der. The spider catches insects in a cobweb.

clock (cRTfcp) A machine with hands and a face to tell you the time. •sr^t.

clown A funny man at the circus. A (cfcii^n) clown has a painted face.

HUteHI; " tM f ^ r i .

comb A comb has teeth for tidying your (cpm) hair, ^ f t ; W

comic (cfiTftcfi)

A paper book with lots of small pictures, f ^ f w f t "qf^T ^ i t a .

cook a person who cooks food. WTT (gnp) "SRpt M I ; stTcr f.

17

cork A thing to put in the top of bottles (•cBTcfj) to stop the liquid running out. ^cTef

=Ft ^TS ^T eFFT.

corn The seeds of plants like wheat, (cjrpf) barley and oats. Corn is made into

food. 3FT;

cowboy (cMvdetfij)

A man who looks after cattle on a ranch. ^ T W I ; ^ w u .

cot A small bed with sides. A baby (we) sleeps in a cot. # 1 ; 3TT hktmi.

cowslip a smalfwTfd yellow flower. (C MR-chm) i j r ^ T ^ z t tu

crab An animal which lives in the sea. It has a hard shell and ten legs.

^T.

cottage A small house in the country. (cPT^T) ^ n ; m .

cow The animal which gives us milk.

18

cracker You pull this and it goes bang. A small present is inside. <*>hm

W I t .

crane A machine which lifts very heavy (jfa) things, m l ' crcgsrf ^ "sbt^ ^

{crocodile A large fierce animal which (tbUYiiijd) ' i v e s i n t h e water and on the

land. Tp r rq^ ; t j fe i lH.

crocus A flower which comes out in the (ufarn) spring. c f^T 3 "fec^ WcTT

cuckoo A bird which makes a noise which sounds like its name.

• n ,

croquet A game played by knocking (stfcfr) balls through hoops. T3=F "SRFTC

•^tT faRTO d + k l ^ t % ^ t

^ ^ n r r ^ n t .

A long green vegetable. cucumber (cHjcbkN)

cup A container with a handle. We drink (cpq) liquid from a cup. WcTI.

19

crow (ml) A large black bird. "^T; WT.

crown (tPTvj ) Something worn on the head by kings and

^queens. A crown is often •made of gold.

cube A shape which has six sides all (cpqer) the same size. mi=t->i< f TT37f r TRT f ^ wrr). '

dagger A kind of knife used for fighting.

daisy A small white wild flower. It is ( t ^ r ) yellow in the middle. JJd®l£k

deer ( feR)

20 A wild animal. A deer has horns and is very shy. " f t ,

dentist A person who looks after your ( W & z ) teeth, ^cf R=iRtic«eh.

IT ] I j E l ] L4 u

desk A kind of table. You sit at a desk to (t*cf>) read and write.

f e r s & f .

dial (^pra)

The face of a watch or clock. ^Tft ^T ^ f ^w t r s N F ferel ^ f .

dice Small cubes with numbers on each side. You use dice in many games. TTCTT; ^ M ; Rffq ^ M ;

dictionary This book is a dictionary. It (Rscrcufl) tells you what words mean.

YK-'^Ffa; "g^RT f RT T TTW cWT 3Tsf t ^ ^ f .

harp pointed piece of metal with feathers at one end. wter cik.

doll A toy which looks like a baby or a (^ra) child. Tjf^n.- ^ % ^ t

• fc t fh l .

dolphin An animal which lives in the (•3Tfc*jR) sea. Dolphins are very clever. diver A person who swims under the

(^ifcR) water. Divers wear special suits. 'lldltelU.

doctor A person who helps to make you (^nre*) better when you are ill. M ^ R T ;

%T; "dfrprf ^T f c I R ^ F f M I ^ r f e .

donkey An animal which looks like a small horse. A donkey has long ears. W .

dinosaur A very large animal which ( ^ t ^ ^ t r ) lived thousands of years ago.

t^Ft MTT MtMcK ^ TJff

dog An animal which is kept as a pet. Csfo) t ^ M ^ -

dishwasher A machine which does the (•ferranrrc) washing up. ^ T T ^ t TFFTf

door A door opens and shuts and (•sft) allows you go into a room or build-

ing. q<qif1l;

- W

dove a bird which is like a pigeon. ^Ksdl; ^cTC % MRclK ^ F T .

1 2 3 U. 5 6

7 8 9 10 1132 dozen This is another way of saying ( w i ) twelve. ^HF TT t j ^ c ^ t .

dragon A make-believe animal. Many (%tr) stories have been written about

dragons. W W ^ffa; 3 3?ft R+dd l f .

dragonfly A large insect, usually < (^HikHi^) bright colour. TO

dress Something worn by women iftTW; feT TRT; x r f t m

d r i " You use a drill to make holes. ( % 0 ^ TT 3#3TR.

drum A musical instrument which yo i ( ^ r ) beat with a stick. "^cT; W S I .

duck bird which can swim. ( t o )

22

eagle A large bird which eats small (^ra) animals. W ;

ear (iSR)

earth (3Rf)

You have two ears, one on each side of your head. We hear with our ears. FTFT.

0 -Wo • \ -I, « - ° * - • P.' 6 w ' O is " o

The top of the ground. We put plants in the earth, ^^cft; IfPTfr;

' ° ' ' V M — - -

A large worm which lives in earthworm (siafcpf) the earth.

easel (l yTcT)

A frame made of wood to stand a picture or a blackboard on. cRan; w r q ^ w r ^ r erarat ^ ^far.

easter egg An egg made from choco-( t f ^ ^ T ) late. ^ f t - fRT c%R-qr

*fe w ^ q f ^ n TTcfT t ^ n ^ Z ^ FfcTT t ) .

egg (tttt) Some animals lay eggs. x ^ ^ N B a b i e s of these animals are

f /hatched from eggs. sf^T.

eight The number between seven and (•qe) nine. W sfk ^ % ^ t TTMT.

3TT3. 23

elbow The part where your arm bends (TTc«rt) in the middle. <=hl -fl.

eye The part of your body you see (OT^) with.

envelope ( HcJdM)

A folded piece of paper. You put a letter in an envelope.

eyelid The piece of skin which covers (3n^fers) your eye. "q^RF.

cricn

eleven The number between ten and ( j v m ) twelve. ^RF % =Ft

IRiPTT : TqRf.

excavator A big machine which digs, (xrcmc^t) ^ ^ f t

The hairs along the edge of your eyelids. Eyelashes help to keep dust out of your eyes. "TcT it % ofTeT.

elephant (•qcT.Tfr )

The largest land animal in world. An elephant has a long nose called a trunk. FMf.

emu A large bird which cannot fly. Emus (spjj live in Australia. STH fcFTT ^ r FT

^ ^

is FT

eyelash (wijbt)

fence A kind of wall usually made of ("to?) wood. cfTST; "s T.

face j h e f r o n t p a r t 0 f y0ur head. ( t o )

fan ( t o ) A machine which blows hot and cold air. W I .

farmer A person who looks after a farm. (TJipft) farHM; l M oncJT.

feather A lot of fine threads. Birds have f t o ^ l feathers. W

ferry A boat which carries people and (%ff) cars across water. ^ftTT; "TT ; f ^c f t .

field A piece of land with things grow-{ i tez ) ing in it. fcT; WTTF.

fingers The five things on the end of ( f to t f ) your hand. Ff«T ^ t

25

fern A green plant which has feather-( t o ) like leaves. q f ^ f f ^ m i

•qf^n.

ferret A little animal used to catch rab-(Tfcfte) bits. ^ t^eira " ^ n ^ .

fire Something which burns and gives ( M ) out warmth. 3TFT;

fire engine (WR Tjfnjn)

A large motor car which car-ries water to put out fires. 3TFT ^TT^ TTTSt; W T

fireman ( w # i )

A man who rides in a fire engine and puts out fires. 3TFT

fish A creature which lives in water. We ( fan) eat some fish. ^RWft; TTfPT.

Q. fisherman A person who catches fish.

1 five The number between four and

(TpT cj) six. TR W. % cfft WTT: •qfa.

26

A coloured piece of cloth fixed to a stick. fTST;

flamingo ( T ^ T t )

A bird with a long neck and long legs. You often see a flamingo standing in water at the zoo. TRFH "q^it.

flower (ww<) The part of a plant which holds the seeds. A flower is usually a bright colour.

fly A small insect with two wings.

foal a young pony, ^frf TT ^ ^T ®psrr. (•qytcl)

foot The part of your body you stand (ige) on. qfo;

football A leather or plastic ball used in (^rieiTd) the game of football. "fc ^

footprint Ogefite)

The mark made by your foot when you walk on something soft like sand. ^ f^RT.

fossil (wRhch)

fountain (mivj-ci)

The shape of a plant or ani-mal which lived a long time ago. These shapes can still be seen in rocks. ^RJ T M % m oft wfa % ^ "STHfft f

Water which shoots into the air. W T ; ^R^tRl.

four The number between three and OPft) r i five. ""tN % cfff / 7 I ti

4 '

forehead Oitata)

The part of your face between your eyes and your hair. "RM;

mm.

fork

fort A strong building. Soldiers used to f r o g A c r e a t u r e w h i c h c a n i n

(nil*) live in a fort. ^ te . water and jump on land. te.

27

An instrument for picking up food. •QHTWt ^ J ^ f e . fox A small wild animal with

(t Tcr?) bushy tail, effort. a big

garage a place to keep cars,

garage A place where you get petrol. (frf^si) TTteT a f l f t oflt c M ^

garden The land round a house. You (•nr^r) grow flowers and vegetables in

a garden. TPT;

28

gate A gate is like a door but you see it (Tfe) Outside. A gate can be made of

wood or iron. ^TMT.

ghost A ghost is supposed to be a dead spirit. No one knows if ghosts are real. fcT; f^T.

giraffe An animal with a very long neck. ( f t R P P ) faw.

g>rl A female child. cQ Clef)

^ T .

glass Glass is hard and breaks easily, (^crra) You can see through glass.

glasses We wear glasses when we ('eiiRivjt) _ cannot see very well.

• Glasses are sometimes ^called spectacles. WTT;

VVvMA^ i _ / v> . v n L I X

gnome A little make-believe man who lives underground. #=TT.

_ ider (joH^sw) An aeroplane without an engine. "fFTT " ^ R ^T I w t .

globe A round shape like a ball which (Teita) shows you all the countries of the

world. Titor fcrcr "qr ^ ^ °ft * r t ^ n t .

goal A wooden frame with a net. You (Titer) kick a football into a goal,

goat An animal with horns. A goat gives (Tfte) milk.

goldfish Fish which are gold in colour. OiWfogi) ^ f r ^ ; t q "q^rt.

glove A covering for the hand. Gloves On^) keep our hands warm. <vklHI.

glue Something which is used to stick (Tcjj things together. TT^T; f ^ w ^ ^T goose A bird which looks like a big

(tjtt) white duck. 2 9

gooseberry A small green berry which (Tpplft) you can eat. sfi^fT. grasshopper

(TTprr"?m) A small insect which jumps. Pd-^si.

green (to)

The colour of grass. FTT; ITT TT.

gorilla ( ' f t R e d l )

A very large ape. WTTJ^; "SflT

grape A sweet juicy fruit. You make ( tq) wine from grapes. 3PJT.

grapefruit

30 grass a green plant. WT; (t i r t )

guitar A musical instrument with strings. (flrcrc). tec.

gull a sea bird. T T ^ M ^ T T . (•ner)

gun A weapon used for shooting. (TFT) cTR

A bitter fruit like a large yel-low orange. WtZT -<=i =hld<i; ^ T t .

guinea pig (Tpft •RTT)

A small animal kept as a pet. ^ %TT W f ^ t w s f t M ^tfftc.

handkerchief A small piece of cloth (I^TcpT^to) you use to blow your

nose.

handle Part of anything you hold in your hand. A knife has a handle

^ j ) fPtfnd so has a door.

hair Thin threads which grow on your . to) ^ M f e head. Some animals

h a i r a " o v e r t h e i r

V j T * ^ b o d i e s . handlebars The part of a bicycle you C^cHnI ) hold onto when riding.

hammer a tool for hitting nails, f te ( t o )

A bent piece of wire with a hook. You hang up your clothes on a hanger. Tsfzt T eT^ft "sfT cfTt ^faT "TC •grrt

d i + l ^ ^Tct f .

hamster (tare*)

A small animal like a big mouse. We keep hamsters as pets. ^ ^ W ^ ^ h c r .

hare a wild animal like a rabbit. W I CN) % TTft^R 3 TForf^cT

handcuffs Two metal rings which lock (l^swtm) your hands together. Police-

men use handcuffs on r f i prisoners.

harp A musical instrument with strings (mi) A harp has the shape of a triangle

31

hanger ( W )

hand Part of your body at the end of (fcss) your arm. FTC; W .

32

head All the parts of your body above your neck. f^R.

heel The back part of your foot. "Q^t.

C M

headlight The lights on the front of a car ) or motor cycle, f ^ f t

% 3TO W] FT WTWeTT^.

heart Your heart is inside your body. It ^ pumps blood. You can

L ^ T ) hear your heart beating. mm/ i ^ T ; te

mmBKHmm^Sm^ hedge A kind of fence made from small

bushes. flTfe^i ^T ®tTf.

hedgehog A small animal which is very ( t t m ) Prickly. W t ; ^ M ^T

-•hen ' a female bird. "g Tf.

helicopter An aircraft which can fly ( M l w ^ ) straight up and come straight

down. f^FTP ^ f f t % w t t sm TS ^racn t cT?n f t - cR t .

to wear a crash helmet. eiWdlM; far ^Fl ^STT t l

TcTT Zfa.

helmet A kind of strong hat worn by soldiers, policemen and firemen. People who ride on motorbikes have

hat Something you wear on your head. (%e) 2rq.

hoe A garden tool for digging out weeds.

holly A tree with prickly leaves. Some holly trees have red berries. ^H^T i t ^ e b ^ k fnst.

hook A curved piece of metal. You hang (fcp) things on a hook. ^feT.

hoop A circle of wood or plastic. You (^q) jump through a hoop or roll it

hippopotamus A very large animal s ^ng the ground. ^ TO; ( O M c w - i ) which lives near a river.

^ f w f •srteT.

herring A small fish found in the sea. ^ W f t ^ Is t Wef t .

mountain. ^ ^ T ; W f ^ ;

heron C M

A bird with long legs which likes standing in water. ^npn.

hive A small house made of wood. Bees live in a hive. "R^hRksmi '3FI

33

E B E B EE3 E B I B

horn Pointed bones which grow on the heads of some animals. "#T.

( HEFT P I T A U 1 " • . 1 • J

hospital A place you go to when you (aR^ed) are ill. 3-iwdld; fafeoHM'M.

horn A musical instrument like a big ( # f ) trumpet. You blow a horn to make

a sound, ^f1^ c j ^ l

horse A friendly animal. You can ride on a horse. ^TteT;

horseshoe m

A piece of metal which is fixed to the bottom of a horse's hoof. "TTeT.

J4

A long narrow pipe made of rub-ber or plastic. Water goes through a hose. T^T; ^

^ t ^ Wf TTPTt Ff "Qcfr T«fPT ^ ^Fft W W: % WT STTcft t .

house A building where people live. TJf; WFT.

hut A small building made from wood.

hyena ( ^ T T )

A fierce animal which looks a bit like a wolf. c r l ^ ^ m .

hose

(im)

iceberg A very large lump of ice float-(OTifwf) ing in the sea. f a n femsU

ice cream A soft frozen food. Ice cream is made from milk and sugar.

ice skate A special kind of shoe with a sharp metal piece fixed to the bottom. ^ " R f ^ d ^ c fM cTT.

icicle A thin long piece of ice which (aijR-icbd) hangs from a roof in very cold

weather, d<i+d1

igloo Eskimos used to live in igloos. An ( ^ i ) igloo is made from large pieces of

hard snow. mJHhI^ .

iron Something which is made of (srwR) metal with a flat part under-

neath. You make an iron hot and rub it over clothes to smooth them. M ^pft ^ftrt .

island A piece of land which has sea all round it. i f a ; ZPJ.

ivy A green plant with shiny leaves, (srrfft) Ivy climbs up walls. R u W ^ t WT

35

insect A small creature with six legs. (3-Atixi) Ants and flies are insects,

jacket a short coat. ( ^ r f ^ )

jack-in-the-box (^cp-^i-^-cffcm)

A toy which looks like a box. When you open the lid a doll pops out. ftfsTCT 3 f^TT §37T T ^ T O K ^ T fedk.

jack knife ( ^ p ^ i p ) A large pocket knife ^ S j ^ N which has many different

blades. " T ^MT • RfT.

jaguar (u|Jc|W)

36

A fierce wild animal which looks something like a leopard.

jam A very sweet food which is made by boiling soft fruit and sugar together. "fC^T; sixTR; t M ^ f t .

jay A bird with blue, brown and pink feathers, il<ncbu<3 ^aft.

jeans Trousers made from blue cotton material. ^ ^

jeep A very strong kind of motor car. A (wfa) jeep will go over very rough roads.

TTRjt; Fc^T W T ^ 3W5|T -J^RT ^ f r l f .

jelly A wobbly kind of food made from (vitcft) fruit juice and sugar. 'gi^T; Tfrst

w ^ p B i r i jellyfish A sea animal with a soft body. ^cflfogi) It looks like an umbrella.

"^Icn^fKt TOeft.

iersey Something you wear on the top («!#) part of your body. A jersey is

often made from wool. ^ f t "gJcff.

jewel A special stone which is worth a lot of money. A diamond is a jewel, TFf.

A container for liquids. A jug has a handle and a special place for the liquid to come out of the top. =fF

3 faehMI 3fR ^ m t .

jungle A very thick forest found in hot (yFTct) countries. "^FM; ^T.

37

jockey A person who rides on a race (weft) horse. ^T ^ faT ^ W K .

jigsaw puzzle (fvFraTTiylcT)

A picture which has been cut up into small pieces. These pieces are then fixed together. % Z ^ f oFt 3 W T

jug ( W T )

kangaroo An animal which lives in ( V r e ) Australia. A kangaroo hops

on its back legs. STR^f^TT

src^ % wte crm % ®r|

% sfcft ftcft t .

key Something you use to open a lock, (eft) A key is made of metal. ^rat;

^ j f t ; cTToTl".

- I u ^

I O O U keyhole A hole in which you put a key (•jft to unlock a door. " TRt cTHPt FT

kid A baby goat. ^ R t ^T W^H.

kettle A metal container used for boiling water. A kettle always has a han-dle.

kilt A skirt with lots of pleats. People (face) who live in Scotland sometimes

wear kilts. fwlTPTf

king A man who rules a country. A king (fcfrrr) is a very important man.

TRT; ^T; M J ; ^ T .

kennel a house for a dog. ^frff %

38

knot It is made by tying two pieces of (^fte) string together, "nfe. kite A kind of toy which goes up into

(<pt&) the air on a long piece of string.

kitten (ftse^) A baby cat. M ^T ^rai.

knee

m The middle part bends. ^TT.

leg which

knife A sharp piece of metal joined to a (ht?^) handle. You cut things with a

knife, ^ f l ^ ; sfft.

knight W O

kingfisher A bird with bright blue feath-ers. A kingfisher lives near a river, -cmle) W I ^ M I W f ; i m f W n .

kipper A herring which has been dried (ftjOR) in smoke. ^ 3 RpiTf w!" HsSdl

kitchen The place in a house where (fctjrR) you do the cooking. TFTf

A soldier who lived a long time ago. ^ f t ;

knuckle The part of your finger which ( w c O bends, i f t ; FT ffe.

39

A special kind of string you use to fasten shoes. ^ ^ F f cfiT "tftcFT.

ladder A set. of steps made from two ( cW) long planks of wood with small

ieces between them. A dder can be made of

metal. You climb up a 7/ ladder. ^ M ;

>n which looks like a ladle A big spoon wnicn IOOKS liKe a (pTSci) cup on the end of a long handle.

I a m b A baby sheep. ' ^ rT ; ( f t * )

40

eFi

pmp A light in the street. f t a lRT , ^ ^ T c T l t W T .

lantern A lantern is made from metal with glass sides. You usually put a candle in a lantern to give you light. dldcH; eb^lel.

lark A small bird which sings as it flies (oTPfc) in the sky. ^ cfT T "q^ft; cT T.

lasso A rope with a loop on the end. You catch horses and cattle with a lasso, ^ s f f eft ej5T "q^j.

lemon a yellow very sour fruit, i f ^ (et'FT)

lawnmower (cfH^ER)

A machine used for cutting grass. W ^iz^f # 1 .

leaf It is green and grows on plants and trees, w t ;

leap frog (• ta tptt)

leopard A fierce animal which looks like (cfcni) a large cat. tgsfT.

letter

letter ( c t e f )

A message which is written down on paper and then put in an enve-lope. M m TR^T;

A mark that stands for a sound we say. Words are made from letters.

leg We have two legs. We walk with them. They are joined to our body.

lettuce A plant with big green leaves, (crfcm) You eat lettuce without cooking

it. ^ t cTCF ^T -qffaT; ^

41

A game in which one person jumps over another. ^ t w c f ^ f f^T Rsldl^l % TT

H=hdr) f .

lighthouse A tall tower with a big flash-ing light. A lighthouse helps ships to know where they are in the dark. W T ( h h M H

lifeboat (cfT^p e fe )

litter bin A container in which to put (fcT^fim) your rubbish.

42

lizard A small animal with four legs and (fcfMri) a long tail.

lobster A small sea animal with a hard (c f iw?) shell and five pairs of legs.

The front legs have sharp claws. "Q R "G^R °FT

log A round piece of wood which has (efFi) been cut from a tree, dob-si FT cjp T

lollipop A large sweet on the end of a (chTc^nn) stick. "Q r ^ "spsff ^ pHdii

A special fast boat which res-cues people in the sea. w N h TO ^ T ; T r g ^ 3 ^ f ^ w f ^Ft W^fi ^ cfft m

lion (eTRR)

A large wild animal found in Africa and other countries. f w .

luggage All the cases and bags you (crftra) take with you when you go

away, ^ f t FT UPTFT.

Small, pretty balls made of glass. 3?%; ^ r % t IQ^ ^

net ( t ^ te ) A piece of metal which can pull other pieces of metal to it.

marionette A puppet which you move with strings. fleT^-fcT^ ^ f t obdJidei).

mask

magpie (Vn^)

A black and white bird which is very noisy. "J^ffcft W ^ cT«TT i ^ f TToTT TtfWT

f f f l t r t i i r -

mallet ( rfcTC)

A wooden hammer, (n^sl ^T

mast (•mrs)

magnifying glass •'eTR?)

A glass which can make things look much bigger than they really are. f t 1 7 !

Something you wear over your face to hide it or protect it. =t->iJitf; ^ n f e ^ anfc ^T-goffer.

A tall pole on the deck of a boat. It holds the sail up. t t ^ , %

i f eFMT f31T c ^ T t z i f RT ^ W f ^ fa l W t .

map A drawing which shows you how . . , x . , . , mat Apiece of thick material you put on

(tm) to find your way to somewhere. /jSl_, r „ , r TO t h e f l o o r - ^

43

marbles

match A thin piece of wood with a spe-cial tip. This tip makes fire when you strike it against something. "Tlf RT; R i l W d l i

mattress A very thick pad which goes on a bed. "H I.

maze A place with lots of paths all (•ifri) crossing each other. You can get

lost in a maze. ^cT-^^TT.

meat Parts of an animal used for food, ( i fe) »IHcK"f °FT TTRT;

medal A piece of metal like a coin. You (Tt cT) W7~i a r e g i v e n a m e d a l you

i do something brave. ^ T ^ ; WTT; faw.

melon A large ( ^ p r ) juicy fruit.

44

mermaid A make-believe sea fairy with ( w r ^ ) the tail of a fish. *idH<l; "RcFf

^TT.

merry-go-round (^fr-Tft-xn^u^)

A large wooden plat-form with wooden animals on it. A merry-go-round is sometimes called a roundabout. W I ^

microphone

An instrument which makes sound louder. 3TfcTR ffaf ^ ^lefT

microscope (HIs^WIM)

An instrument which you use to look at very small things. ^ T O f ^RT.

mink A small animal with soft fur. The (•fiftp) fur of a mink is very valuable.

monkey A small animal which can (Tfcft) climb trees and swing from

branch to branch. A monkey can be very clever. °TFK.

moon It looks like a large bright light in the sky at night. The moon seems to change its shape each night. ^ j r r .

mirror A piece of glass with silver paint-(ftr?) ed on the back. You can see

yourself in a mirror, ^ f r l ; snf TT; Htm.

mole A small animal which lives under (ifta) the ground.

mop A sponge on a long handle. You (Tfm) clean the floor with a mop.

"sft W F % W 3MT t .

mosaic Lots of little pieces of glass or (Htyl^cb) stone put together to make a

picture. ^ M ; TW; t M % jpFTff ^ F t f ^ FTFTT; 45

minnow im)

A very small fish. ^ TT cITcTM TJcF Wtzt

mitten ( f t * 0

A covering for the hand. A mitten like a glove but with one

for all the fingers and one place for the thumb. IT^T

^RTHT; ftraS •snff "3E7I?T cTSTT 3T^T STeFT

f FTT "STTcTT t .

milk ( to )

A white liquid food. ^T.

mouse A small animal with a long tail.

mouth The opening in your face where ("RT^ar) you put your food and drink.

mug A big cup which usually has ( t f t ) straight sides. ^ W^f ^HT

mushroom A small plant. When it is (H¥i>hH) growing in the ground it

looks like an umbrella.

mosquito a small flying insect. (TFHcfajt)

motor boat A boat that is run by a motor. TTO^ 3 W f w f t

motor cycle Something which looks (?Ttcr? like a large heavy bicycle.

It is run by a motor. "^fef^ w f t rrrT •HlSfaxrl.

46

mosque A place where Muslims worship. TTfcsR.

mountain (HIvfc^H)

A very high rocky hill,

net Material which has lots of holes in. You use a net to catch fish. "RWft

nail A small thin piece of metal with a flat top Jftpd a point at the other encU^fT ;

neck The part of the body which joins (•^tp) the chest to the head. fJ^T; W .

net Net can be made with wire. You use this to make a fence or a cage. HNMM; sfcteT-W^ cfit ^ HFTf 3 tW^Tt^cf ^ F f cTTeTT IM.

nettle ( tecT)

necklace ( cbelVH)

nectarine

A piece of jewellery worn round the neck. ^ ^T f K .

A sweet juicy fruit which

Qlooks like a peach.

*I4-K1I<3: TffteTT W f .

A thin piece of metal with a sharp point at one end and a

hole at the other.

nest A place where birds lay their eggs, ost birds build their own nests.

newspaper Large printed sheets of ( " i ^ m ) paper which tell you what

has happened. *WMK TO.

nib (ftw)

newt A small creature with a long tail. It can live on land and in water.

CT?JT 3 Tf -^Run f .

The point of a pen. The ink comes through the nib when you write. ^ R ^ t - j ^ f TFT TT feRrn «

A weed Which stings you if you touch the leaves. <fd<K "qfxPff cT®TT

47

nine The number between eight and ten. 3Tf3 ^ T % •sft T "^ff W H :

ninepins (HI HRvH)

A game where you try to knock over wooden sticks with a ball, t ^ i TT ftrctf ^ r ^ ^f fwn TCTT

nose Part of your face you breathe ( ftyT) through. You have two holes in

your nose. These are called nos-trils. H m

note book A book of paper which you (^tefcp) write in. ^Ff t ; |jfw=bl.

nun A woman who lives in a convent and prays to God a lot of the time. ^ ^PTTftH TT3 i f TPR w t i

nurse A person who looks after sick people. sR^lRphl; Wft;

48

nut The seed of a tree, ^ m w f ; ^qRt; HlRild 3nf^ ^ f ^T

nut A piece of metal which you screw (•rcl^svon to the end of a bolt.

Something you use to break the hard shell of a nut so that you can eat the inside. TlftaT; ^ I S W ^

m nuthatch A small pretty bird which likes

(^rclti) to eat nuts. M W l ^ ^icll

nutcrackers (Hethcjj^)

noose A circle of rope made by tying a slip knot. When you pull the long end of the rope the loop gets smaller. T ^ ^ t f t f ^ J .

nightgown Something girls wear when (Hij<midH) t h e y 9 ° t 0 b e d - ^ ^

octagon A shape with eight sides. (3Tf^H) 3TB ofMt 3TT^T.

oar A pole with a flat end. You use two [sfft) oars to row a boat. ""TcRR.

omelette A food which is made by beat-ing eggs and frying them. 3Toi

TPTT "TqT

11 o n e The lowest number. ^fHf ^ t

WTT: Voa.

octopus (wfcf^m)

A sea creature which has eight arms, srra ^T«rf ^TT

oak (3Ttcf>)

A large tree which lives for a very long time. WcJcT T i f o

_ry (arayTEfeff)

A building with special telescopes inside for watching stars. f ^ J W f l ; W Ic^TTR ^ ^ f t rffcT

cfi^ =FT M l .

orchard A place where lots of fruit trees grow, "q^f ^T ®fFT.

49

oboe (afWl)

A musical instrument. W T l f ;

onion (3T^T!r) A round vegetable which grows under the ground. An onion has a very strong smell. "^TM.

orange Orange is a colour. It is also a (aftfita) fruit. TRTCT; w f t i j ] .

orchestra Lots of people playing musi-cal instruments.

orchid (arrcffcg) Brightly coloured flow-ers. Large ones grow in hot countries or in a hot greenhouse in colder countries. Small orchids grow wild. ^

TJjeflf cfMT m 1

organ A big musical instrument with black and white notes like a piano, f w f t

osprey a

ostrich A very large bird which cannot o w l A bird which usually flies at night, (OTR^t) fly. An ostrich has long legs and («reei) Owls catch and eat small ani-

50 can run very fast. m a l s -

otter ( a f t e * )

A fish-eating animal which lives near a river. It is not easy to see an otter. ^ faciM.

sea eagle. Tnj^f ^ffa.

outboard motor A motor which goes (aivjedU on the outside of a

boat. TO % ^WT eFlt i t iq ta ; P r .

oven The part of a cooker where you (3frcR) put food in to bake. P®Mdl ^ t ^

3 T S M ^ e f T .

overalls Something you wear on top (artcROT?^) of your clothes to keep them

clean. ^TT; <rH«l 3TT^ ^ =bl«sll} % chKl 'K mfa

Another name for a bucket. ^Te^t; ^cHMM.

paddle A long thin piece of wood with a (%5ct) flat piece at each end. You use

a paddle to make a canoe go along in the water. "^P^ TOR.

paint A liquid you paint on something to ( ^ e ) make it a different colour. FI;

pail

page One side of a piece of paper in a (^3f) ^ ^ ^ .book. W .

Hill J U U

pagoda a Chinese temple. WTH; (MSI) 3TTf % ^ - q f ^ .

palm A tree which grows in hot coun-(wr ) tries. cfTf ^T cfTf

palm (rim)

The inside surface of your hand.

pancake A food you make with ' eggs, flour and milk. A pan-

panda (^st)

cake is very thin, fapl; ^telT.

A small animal with red-dish-brown fur. A giant panda is a large black and white animal which lives in China. "CRJ.

51

paddock A small field. *IH<=|0' ^T W51;

padlock A lock which is movable. <r1cich^ ^TcTT rTTcTT.

pane A thin piece of glass which goes in a window frame. Rsl4<=bl Wi t

panther [An animal like1

parcel Something wrapped up in paper path A road which you walk on. Cars ( w f a ) and tied with string or sticky (TJW) and bicycles do not ride on a oath,

tape. ^ e T ; TO1; Wf .

park A large garden usually in a town, (irrfc) People and children can walk and

play in a park. "3UFT; ^TfcFT; ®prfar.

passenger A person who rides in a car, ( M ^ H ) bus, train or aeroplane, ^rrat;

^TT 3TTR "TPST

parasole An umbrella which shades you from the sun. "Sfei M i l .

paper clip A piece of bent metal which ("taR'foem) fixes sheets of paper

together. W l t j^t TfT«r W t T?^ % tcTQ; ?IR, TRJ Tf krlirUcb ^ t ^Fft M

•---x- ( ^ i ^ j d ) A large round piece of cloth with strings attached to the edge. You use a parachute when you have to fall a long way in the sky. f ^ l f WTt STCT t w r ^ L ^ t ^

parrot A bird with bright feathers. People sometimes keep parrots as pets because you can teach them to talk. cffcTT.

patchwork Lots of little pieces of mate-rial sewn together to make a pretty cover. f ^ r - f ^ M 3TFFR CT«TT "?rff w f ^ r f % ^ F f f 3

52

paw j h e soft foot of an animal. ^T W Hl^-Kk W .

pea A vegetable which looks like a 1 it— (iff) tie green ball. Lots of peas grow

together in a green case called a pod. iTO.

peach A sweet juicy fruit with a big seed (Tfrer) in the middle.

pear

pebble (ifacl)

The juicy fruit of the pear tree. rnrr - I W H I D L

Small round stones. You can find lots of pebbles on a beach.

""TcSR; "5fcT "S neT 3 f RT Wi ^ f i r t j f t "q?SR.

peg A piece of wood or plastic with a (fa) metal spring. You hang the washing

p with pegs, g^f p " ^ T

M i w , sncj^T ^ n f e ^ ^ i f W i .

Pekingese

A small dog with very short legs. ^QlNH W f f WIT ^ " T uTT.

pelican A large water bird. A pelican (^fofcfR) has a big pouch underneath its

beak. h^Ri T TlFf WfT ®T5T T T ^ •qaft.

pen Something which writes in ink. (faf) ^ftsFft; W l .

pendulum A heavy weight found in (fa?om) some big clocks. A pendu-

lum swings backwards and forwards and makes the clock keep time, ^ s t ^T WR.

53

pencil A thin piece of wood with lead Qjpwn the middle. You write and

with a pencil. You can rub it if you wish.

54

petro (^ teO

penguin A bird which lives in the (trf^cR) Antarctic. A penguin can swim

but it cannot fly. ^ f e t "^t

The liquid used in cars to make the engine go. "^Jfcf Tlf^R ^cT ^

FFf ^ TeTFTT n 1

perch A wooden bar in a cage for a bird (TTCJ) to sit on. "F^f t 3 # f f % FiT

petticoat Something which can be worn ( ^ t e t e ) under a dress. WTT.

p l J ^ a}

n t A bird whicFT lives in woods. Some people shoot pheasants and eat them. WIc [ Tffff

perfume A sweet smelling liquid made (T R T^ ) from the petals of flowers,

periscope An instrument used in sub-(^RWln) marines. A periscope lets

you see what is happening on the top of the water. W ? f f ^ f t ^ f q ^ t ^ f t ^ N k f ^ re r m^wiil 3

t .

petal Part of a flower. "f^T

photograph A picture made by a OleliUfr) camera. t ^ f ;

A long thin flag which is pointed at one end. cTWf w f t ^MTcTT^T.

photographer ( W t t t ^ r )

A person who takes pictures with a camera.

pennant (faRe)

Something you eat made with pas-try on the outside and fruit or meat

in the middle. •^Pn.

pig An animal which is kept on a farm, (ftm) When we eat pig we call it pork.

pianist ( t i ^ R e )

A person who plays a piano. fosfFtr

- ' — ^

piano A musical instrument. You hit the ( i ^ f t ) black and white keys to make the

sound. "S FR TT FTI.

pigeon A bird which can be wild or tame. ("PtaR) / - ^P igeons are clever and can

nd their way home from a long way away.

pike A rather fierce fish found in (TT^P) rivers. " Teft Weft .

pill A small ball which is medicine. A ("fteT) pill.is small enough to swallow.

n / ^ r f t i M ; ^cnf fdr+^i.

pillar A wooden or stone post which ("ftcrc) helps to hold up a building.

55

piccolo A musical instrument like a small flute. A piccolo makes a very high sound.

picture A drawing, painting or photo-( f t i ^ ) graph. Sometimes you hang a

picture on the wall. t TJT; ci'wk.

pillar box A bright red box in the street to (ftcR encRT) post your letters in. ^-tffeBT.

pillow A bag^-filled with sofTrrlSterial. You put your head on a pillow when you sleep. ftKSHl.

pilot A person who flies an aero-(m cHc;) plane. f ^TH " TMcF.

pin A small thin piece of metal like a (for) nail. f*H; ^ M P r

pineapple A large fruit which grows in ( W ^ r a ) J p t countries. It has a very

thick skin. 3RHRT.

pink A colour made from red and white, (ficp) TJcTRt cTSTT ^T

pipe A hollow tube that liquids run ( ^ i ) through, ^ f t . pipe You can put tobac-On^q) co in a pipe smoke it.

pirate A person who used to rob (TTi reO treasure from a ship at sea. You

read about pirates in story books. ^ g ^ t g^TT;

pistol A small gun. f ^ f t e f . (ftrecT)

pitchfork A fork with a long handle and only two spikes. You lift hay with a pitchfork.

TT w ^T cffe.

56

pizza A flat cake of dough with a tasty (ftyn) topping. It comes from Italy.

i ^ T F f ^ J R ( T M M ) .

plank A thick flat piece of wood. - rST Tflzj e T ^ t oFT ^rgn.

<rPKJT

platform Part of the floor which is high-er than the rest. You can also see a platform at a railway sta-tion. It is always higher than the railway lines. ^ ^ K i ;

"S^R cFT ^cRT; ^TT ^T % " ^ T ^ ^ ^ f t W T ^ T ^ Wft f .

plug All electric machines have a plug on the end of the flex. This joins

it to the electricity supply. ^T ^ "mf wrai ^WT^ l f ^

^ffl^S % 3 WTRt f .

TJP

plum the

plumber A person who fixes water pipes. cTTFf TT ^fer ^

pocket A small bag fixed to your coat, (wfce) trousers or dress. You can keep

your money in a pocket.

polar bear (TTteTC " TC)

e white bear.

pole A long round stick. W ^ l WTT ^ fa (tfcr) f ^ T ^ ^T ^ t . y

plaster A piece of material with sticky (kHi*ri>0 ends. You put plaster

on a cut to stop it from getting dirty. ^ T f ^ t

plug (WT)

A piece of rubber or plastic you put in the hole in the sink to stop water from running away.

^ f ^ n Wen t .

A soft juicy fruit with a stone in middle. a f l ^ ^s lK I "TI

polecat A small animal like a weasel.

police (TTri TH)

People who see that other peo-ple do not break the law. TT ^ r a w *K«*>Kl WIT.

poppy A bright red flower which grows (Tfnft) wild, ^i ' ldl ""TteT "feT.

porcupine An animal like a giant rat (MK^MI^H) covered with long prickles.

W t .

polo ("cftoTt)

postcard ( M l ^ i i ) A small piece of card. write a message on a post-

card and send it in the post. i RT "CR T m fa<sl=b<

^rer ^ r t ^RT wm t .

A game played by people sitting on horses and hitting a ball with a stick. "tftoTt TOf TT T§teT, ^ft ^ "<R

porpoise A sea animal like a small ( w r a ) whale.

B ^ n porthole A window in a ship. Portholes ^ ^ ^ C ^ ^ f ) are usually round. TftHt ^ F^T

(TM)

poodle A small dog with curly hair. Oj e?) ^ R T ^ ^RTf ^MT TrTT.

58 postman (TTt^T)

?

A person who delivers our letters.

potato A vegetable which grows in the ground. Most people like to eat

potatoes 3TRJ.

post office A place to buy stamps and to post parcels.

^RT wrc f t mtecf f .

A container used to hold liquid. You make tea in a tea pot. ^cfa.

; Q Q J - y - \ j — —

projector A machine which is used to (t f tvto^) show films. ^ ""TC f ^ r Rtell}

propeller A blade which goes round ( M e w ) and round very fast to make

an aeroplane or ship go for-ward. ^ i f

prince The son of a king or queen, (ffan) <M$HK.

princess The daughter of a king or ( f lRta) queen. <M$Hlfl.

prison A building where people who do ( t o n ) wrong things are locked up. ^fcT;

f^TT WcTT t .

puddle A small pool of water. (TTSeT) cTTeM.

puffin A bird which has a beak like a parrot. Puffins live near the sea.

TOf l e f l ^ f ^TT^ iTffa cTcM ^ f t ftcft t .

59

pyjamas A jacket and trousers people (m j^mm) wear in bed. ^ f t 3

WfT IJKMWI; "q T qKcffa

pylon A big metal tower which holds (Mi^cilH) up electric cables. "f^cT ITCT ^ f

^T^Ft w n " ten TRJ ^TI "st^n.

pump A machine which pushes air or (•q^r) liquid into a container. You use a

pump to put air into your bicycle tyre. ^T^ft ^ i T l i t o 3

pupil The black part of your eye. (^sjftol) offi W i l Wl.

puppet A doll moved by string (Trffc) your hand. "^H^cTcft.

purple A colour made with red and blue, (tpfa) "SWt VT; WcT cTSTT ^ f FT trow.

puppy A young dog. (Vft)

purse A small bag to put your money in.

60 python (TTT^ft) A very big snake. 3RTR

pyramid A solid building which looks like four triangles meeting at a point on the top. ^SFf iR '^cF^; cf^ IFFRcT f ^ T ^ ^ fagsi ^ f t ^ f t

f cTTT ^ R t W1 f^fclT cTT f .

quads Four children born to the same (cwI^h) mother at the same time, t j^t Tf

W , ^ t fTTcTT ^ ^prf ^

i .

quarry A place where stone is dug out fttfffi) of the earth. Tfdt WT; j f t f e

m ^ i

quay A place where ships are tied to the (eft) land, "^nrf ""R Tirra 37T ^ f

cTSTT ^ c t f .

queen A woman who rules a country. (cftfR) Tpft.

A pen made from a feather. W (fora) ctf cfJcTTT.

quilt A warm cover to go on (force) bed. " M i

rabbit A small animal with long ears. Some rabbits are tame and live in hutches but most of them are

raccoon A small wild animal. A raccoon (Tap?) has a long bushy tail with

black rings. cT«TT tfq^TC t ^

iTI % ^sF siR f f t f .

A bat with strings. You play ten-nis with a racket. TT ^UPHcH

radiator A radiator is made of metal. It O f^cN) usually has hot water inside.

is keeps a room warm. ^ T t

radishes Small red vegetables which (^fMirur) you eat raw in a salad. TJeft.

race track

S2

A path where a race is run.

raft Bits of wood fixed together to (>nwe) make a flat kind of boat. %

^ s T igt TO.

rain Drops of water which fall out of the (^ t ) clouds. cT f; ^ ^ t ^ f ^

^fT^Tf 3 -pTCTt f .

racket

rainbow A band of beautiful colours O^rat) sometimes seen in the sky.

rattle snake A poisonous snake. When CtecTTtoJ) it shakes its tail it rattles.

"QcF x ^ f l d l P^cbl ^ FTcfr t .

rake A garden tool with a long handle and metal teeth. %f t , "<#31, W

r a m A male

rattle Atoy for a baby. fFfpT; (feci) 3M5T3?T#t

raven A big black bird with very shiny (^cn) feathers. " TcTI

razor Something very sharp used to ( W ) shave hair off your skin.

recorder A musical instrument which (RchT-^0 you blow.

r e t l A colour. Your lips are red. ^TM; cTTeT iTT. 63

rectangle ( ^ r a )

A shape with four sides. 3TR<T; ^ STT^FCT 3TFT%

ft.

sheep. ^R

raspberry

rat An animal which looks like a large (fe) mouse. "^T.

A small soft red fruit. W R t .

refrigerator TTcupbo J?! ""WMichis made (^ f i t i u i ^ ) cold by electricity or gas. The

cold helps to keep food fresh. M V q f t =Ft

^ WcfFf w t TRTH

rhubarb

.T53

aooc

A very large wild animal with thick skin.

A plant with thick red stalks. We cook the stalks and eat them.

We do not eat the -P leaves.

ribbon A narrow piece of silk or velvet. Girls sometimes wear ribbon in

their hair. "tffclT.

reindeer A kind of deer with~^kry large horns. Reindeer live in cold countries. Wf tPTT; fiftq.

Leather straps used to guide a horse. cTTFf; ':cn:rl 'SR jff

3TRTT f .

ribs j h e bones in your ches£ H^RTI-M! (•fteff)

rice The hard seeds of a plant which grows in hot countries. When you

cook rice it goes soft.

revolver (RclTccN) 64

A kind of pistol. f^ f rcT; W^TT.

A piece of metal in the shape of a circle. You wear a ring on your

finger. # J 3 t ; "gf^T.

•rhinoceros ( w r t f t r ^ O

reins

ring (fto)

road A hard path made for cars and lor-(Tte) ries. TT TT.

river Water which flows down fromtr (ftcR) hills into the sea. ^ T T .

rocking chair A chair which goes back-(•TffctrrT n ) wards and forwards when

you sit in it. I jy l^ ^Teft

robin /\ s m a | | bird with a red breast. cTTeT (Tff^T) ^ cfTcft M^TT.

rod ( T f e )

A thin piece of wood. It usually has very thin string on one end for fishing.

roller skates Special boots which have (^cR^^^sn) wheels on them, ^ f i b r %

roof ( w ) The covering on top of a building. The roof of a house is often made of tiles, m ^ W .

rocking horse (TrfcfcTf I^Rf)

A toy horse which goes backwards and for-wards when you sit on it. ^ F * «

rock A very large stone. "SsjcT ftMPTT

rocket A machine which is shot up into (Tff^cr) space. sRTfer 3 ^ ^tt -m .

rock candy A thin stick of sweet. *

65

The part of any plant which grows under the ground. ; TT "^f =FT

HFT wfa 3 WcTT t .

rope very thick string. THTT. m

rose A flower which has a lovely smell.

roundabout kJ<S||Ni>c)

Something you see at the fair. You sit on it and go round and round. sJefT.

rubber Soft material you use to rub out drawings or writing which are wrong. W f .

rubber band (YSR eT^)

A piece of very thin rubber joined together to make a circle. A rubber band stretches. °F>T

ruby A red jewel. crTM ^ " > # 1 .

rudder (to)

A piece of wood or metal on the back of a boat. A rudder moves to make the boat go different ways. ^ F j f "JTT TI^ ^ MdcfK.

rug OR)

A small piece of carpet, sometimes called a mat. =hldlH.

rowing boat (YtFT ^rfs)

66 A boat which needs oars to move it along. TTOK ^ft WfWT 3 Wrt i ^Tcft TO.

rung

( * T ) A step on a ladder. "TT % w f

root

a large bag made of cloth, ^tn. W

saddle j fara)

A leather seat which goes on the back of a horse. A rider sits in the saddle, ^ t i RT WW* ^ ^ re t ;

salmon ( W T R )

sail A piece of strong ( - ^ j ) material fixed to the

mast of a boat. The sail catches the wind and makes the boat move. RM; ^ FPTfT

A big fish which has pink flesh, ^ t % JJdl41 TT % "RRT " Tcfl" H^t

sand (m

Tiny grains of rock. You see lots of sand at the seaside and in deserts.

sandwich Two pieces of bread and but-ter with some tasty food in between, "gol f f t ^ t ^ ^t

"RRT WTT f t

sausage Meat minced up and put into thin (^ftftra) skins. W ^ ^ R T (RRT^r W i t

^ET^ f ^RcR; ®FTFTT TTcn %).

saw A metal blade with sharp teeth down one side and a handle on the end. You cut wood with a saw. 3TTTt; 3TRT.

saxophone musical instrument you blow. "qtcfcT cfrr cira ^ WR TNF "RR% TT 33TR 3TMi5f ^RcIT I .

scarecrow Something which is put into a field to frighten the birds. It usually looks like a person but it is not. RfSTCt ^ ^ P f =FI "JcTcTT.

67

W scarf A long thin piece of material you ( PTC)) wear round your neck to keep

you warm. ^T f l ;

school A place where you go to learn. HldVIMI.

schooner a large sailing ship. ^ "R^Jcff WTT fT35T ^ t f cfMT *1d4)d.

scissors (l^yTyf)

scorpion (WRfr jR

These are like two knives fixed together You cut material and paper with scissors.

A creature like a big spider. A scorpion has a long tail and it can sting you. f ^ J .

screw A thin piece of metal like a nail but it has grooves in it.

68

screwdriver You use this to put screws into wood.

scroll A foil of papeP f37T WFT; (rafter) ftnstf % t ^ .

scrubbing 7C"Erush without a handle, brush "TTR r ^ T 7 ! ^

(w f^T ?r?i)

\ '

scythe A tool which has a long blade. (TFT ) YOU cut long grass with a scythe.

tf^TT; ^TT.

seagull A bird you see by the sea. (^Ticr) ^rgsft^ffa.

seed The part of a plant from which new plants grow.

seahorse A little sea animal which no legs and a curly tail, ^ i w f

seal (#cT)

A large sea animal. A seal can live on land. HtScfl.

searchlight A very big torch which can cn^s) shine high in the sky.

seashell The hard covering of oysters and other sea animals. Sea

shells can be found by the sea. It is what is left after the animal

died.

seaweed A plant which grows in the sea. Seaweed is very slippery.

^ t 3 f f t f cTSTT f t f f t t .

seat Cto)

Something you sit on. f ^ f f .

seat belt A strong piece of material which is fixed to the side of a car. You fix it round you to keep you safe. TO; ^

^TC ^ ^feft M

seesaw A long piece of wood put over a block of wood. You can go up and down on a seesaw. d<sd ^F ^cril fa^-ii 13M cTT 3 3miR WW ftffl t cM WR-i l^r tlrf f .

69

semicircle

sentry A soldier standing on guard.

Half a circle. •artf^rT.

shark A large sea fish with sharp teeth, (rmfc) Some sharks can eat people. ^

seven The number between six and eight. 0&R) WIT : m

sewing machine (•RTtfT TjVPn)

A machine which sews things together. It is much quicker than sewing by hand. f ^T l f

70

shadow A dark patch on the ground (f t^t) made when a person or object

gets in the way of the light. ^RTT; W i t

shawl A piece of material worn round (Tira) your shoulders to keep you

warm. ^n<ni.

shears Very large scissors for cutting grass. I N I .

shed A wooden hut. W FT t ^ t H'fcldl "RM ifRFT.

sheep An animal which gives us wool.

shampoo A liquid soap you use to (f jr j jJ wash your hair. M ^T^

" T cRcT "cr Tsf.

sheet A large piece of material used on (tfte) a bed. ^n^ ; 'WT^R' fWT^^T s^fe^

sheikh Otos)

An arab chief. ^Rf; ^T

TjfmT.

shelf A piece of wood fixed to a wall. ( i m ) You put books and ornaments on

a shelf. 3TcTTRt ^T T<!°F WTT; TTPTR

shellfish A sea animal which has a (ftcf shell. An oyster is a shellfish.

Tfpft 3 - Teft "WI-TflH.

, \Ht> shepherd A person ^ h T l o o k s after

sheep. 'l-^R^I; STT ft ^ff w •WsMldl W T t .

shield Aflat piece of metal, wood or plastic which you hold in front of yourself

to stop things hurting you. ^lef; ^ oTSlf 3 STN^t TT TIcTT t .

shirt

A large boat, ^gsft

A piece of clothing you wear on the top part of your body. ^HI.^I.

shoe Something you wear on your feet. (il) ^TT.

shop A place you go to when you want to buy something.

71

ship (ftm)

shorts TrousFf^wnTch come above ( ? T F & ? ) Y O U R knee. ' S F A T ^ft "EJ^ff ^

W "TFTT TTcH t .

shoulder The part o fyour body where your arm joins your body.

shovel A tool which is like a spade, only bigger. WT^T; fen.

shower a little bit of rain, ^ [ m ; ITft. {iwr)

A r m ?

shower A spray of water from above. ( ? T T C R ) You can wash yourself in a

shower. t ^ K cFT FIR.

shrew A little animal with fur like velvet. A shrew is very shy.

shrimp (ftpq)

A small sea animal. FJ^ t

^ % t .

A container which has a bottom with lots of holes in it. If you put earth in a sieve and shake it all the earth falls through the holes and the stones stay in the sieve. tfd-il; ^ e n l

signpost Writing on a piece of wood (TTT^T1^) or metal which tells you

where to go. H i ' f ^ * W T .

silkworm A caterpillar that makes a thin (ftrecPcrf) silk thread. ^FT °FT ftel.

72 silo A tall tower used to keep animal

(Tn^cTt) food in. Tlrft; f i t ""TTHeT, 3HR, •^RI 37Tf qR m

sink ( f a c p )

A place in the kitchen where you wash the dirty dishes. krllfk«h Sflfc 3 "SFTT THt^R ^T ^

T®3ft "3FTFF ^t TTcfr t .

S IX

(fftcw) The number which comes before seven and after five. cTTT W

skeleton (-HbfaeH)

All the bones in your body.

skis Two long pieces of wood. You fasten your boots to skis when you want to slide down the snow. cT ft % ^ oT^ cT^ f H ""R 3TN f tRTcTTT^ f .

skirt A piece of clothing worn by girls and women. ^BT ^TtftRPf w m t ^ 3 w f rm t .

The bone in your head.

c"T"

S L l skyscraper A very tall building. (tmiiSm) "fTRcT.

sledge Something you sit on and slide (Tota) down a hill when it is covered

with snow. ^ "SR^T f FTT

sledge hammer A very heavy hammer which will break a rock.

^RZFf W W d ^ t 73

skipping rope A rope with a handle at each end. You turn the rope to skip. f ^ T ^ t

sleeping A warm bag^yStTsleep in bag when you go camping.

( ^ [ f r l t q ) "SMI "51M

(TcTT^)

l -WV- <I\XV' H L k j slide A long piece of smooth metal

you can slide down. First you have to climb a ladder. 3f?Tcn fstf 'z IcTTf^ 3 WU f ^RRl

cT^^ f jRT

iM'grcr

cR^fWef

sling ( f^Fl)

A piece of material you tie round your arm and neck if you have broken your arm. ^T "ret cfrt F^ST ""R ^ sffi^ ^ «ff*ft " TTcft '

slipper A soft shoe worn in the house.

^TT.

74 s ' u 9 A large snail without a shell.

smoke A kind of dirty cloud which ( • ^ P ) comes from a fire.

A small garden creature which has a shell on its back. "srfaT.

snake A long thin creature with no legs. (•Fto?) Not all snakes are dangerous.

# 7 ; ^ f .

snorkel A tube which you use if you want (>HicfeeO to swim underwater. One end

goes in your mouth and the other stays above the water. "^Ht % IfflcF ^ cflcft I RT^T WT % W ^ 3 WIT IcTT t CT«TT ^RT W % ^ R

f ^ f T ^ t m t .

snout (•Hi^e)

The nose of a pig. ^ t =FT f 377 m

* 0 <J

snow Frozen rain. WIT; ^ ^ t ^ r f Ont)

» 6 , 0

soldier ( •^uR)

snowman A man made out of snow.

snowplough A machine which can (•FTtTcira) P u s h l o t s o f snow off the

road. i z i ^ ^T

soap Something you use with water (^flq) when you want to get yourself

clean. W p .

sombrero A big hat'worn by people in (wRtt f ) Mexico. ^ t ^ r f t efft ®rgt

sock Clothing you wear on your feet.

sofa A long seat which is soft to sit on. spacecraft A machine which can go up ( ^ h TfJTqE) into space. ST^rfej 75

A man in the army.

The bottom part of your foot or your shoe. cTcTT; % ^T cTeTT.

spade

spaghetti Long thin pieces of white food made from flour, eggs and water. t f ^ f t r ^ cTSTT 3 W^t -gf&R ftpf

W=R7sTRt f .

sparrow (•^f l)

A little brown and white bird often seen in gardens.

M ^ q i

spear A long handle with a sharp piece (^¥f3R) of metal at one end. A spear is

used to hurt people and ani-mals.

speedometer An instrument in a car which tells you how fast you are going. 'iTd^m^ ^T; W f f ^ t TfcT

spider An insect with eight legs. It catches flies in a web.

spine The bones in your back. The ( W ^ T ) spine is made of lots of little

bones joined together, i t e ^

springboard (ffcrowti)

The piece of wood hang-ing over the edge of a swimming pool. You jump or dive off the spring-board. cKulc1ld 3 ^ ^ ^ F f k R WSU.

A tool for digging the garden.

spinning wheel (RMR'I ^tcT)

A big wheel which is driven by the foot to spin wool. "sngf.

spire ( W E R )

The pointed top of a church . f ^ fa r f : ^ f ctft ^rtet -Jn

76

sprinkler Something used to w&ter gaY-( f W ^ ) dens. ^TRt fe^c^ WTT. a

&

O M spur A piece of sharp metal which is (TPTC) worn by cowboys on their boots.

Spurs are used to make the horse 30 faster. ^ J ^ N k

•srajorr TT .

stadium Rows and rows of seats built round a big space. People watch sports in a stadium.

square A shape with four equal straight ( w f o ) sides. C|J|Uk sn^fcT.

-

stag a male deer. w f w

,—TfTT-r

-fi^sr- stage A platform where people act.

squirrel A small grey or red animal with t W ^ ^ T C T M . a long bushy tail. A squirrel lives in trees. PicisO.

stagecoach A large coach which was pulled by several horses. Stagecoaches used to carry passengers. MI4H114I t ^ r f f ^ ^frt ^

§ T«TT rrf RTt ^ t ^ ^ ^ ^ % ^FFf STIcft

stable (T efcT) A house for a horse. fsSTIeT. 77

stairs The steps in a building for getting up or down to the next floor.

tf l f iwi.

stem The thin green part of a plant. ( ^ T ) The flower grows on top of the

stem. =FT cRT.

A /

stick A long thin piece of wood, (ftep) ^ff w f t

star A bright light we see in the sky at night. cTRT; taKT.

starfish A flat sea animal with five (•^rcfon) arms.This makes it look like a

star, tan W l .

stomach This is like a big bag in your v H f V ( "^T^) body. The food you eat goes ^ into your stomach, "fc.

/

stone A small piece of rock.

station The place where trains stop to pick up people and to let people off the train. V l ' l l ^ l % ^

n^rr f .

stone The hard seed inside some fruit.

steak a thick slice of lean meat. TOT TT stool A little seat with no back. <n<*>s1 ( ^ a ) ^ t t?NTi

stopwatch ( WNc)|T) )

A special watch which has a button to press when you want it to stop. You use a

stopwatch to time races. strawberry A sweet red fruit

stream a small river. ^ Is t

stork A bird with a long neck and long^ (Ttffr) legs. F IW; zf f i , ^ M f

cT«lT W f TcTT

A long thin piece of leather or cloth. You use a strap to hold things together. "*TT

% ^FT t .

stretcher A kind of bed you can carry. injured people are carried to an ambulance on a stretcher. "fPTt a m i ' 'qTC^ oqfe ^ ^HI-dRd ^ t cTlt

submarine ( w i ^ I )

A boat which goes under-water. H1§««ll

79

string Thick thread used for tying up ( f t ^ r ) parcels. W i t w f t .

straw Dry yellow stalks from corn ( ^ 0 3371?; W-

A long tube of paper or plastic. You suck a drink through a straw. W f ^ ^

straw (itf)

sun 0 ( H )

^ I \ The sun shines in the sky and gives us light and heat. ^ f .

sunflower A bright yellow flower. (TH Mh>cHici>f) Sunflowers can grow taller

than a man. ^Fspjot ^T

sunglasses Dark glasses which shade (*H'diR-M) o u r e y e s f r o m the sun.

3 W1H 3FT W .

surfboard A long flat board you use to ride on the waves. WRT ""K w t m

sweet a food made from sugar, fasif;

swing A seat hanging from chains or (fapr) ropes. You sit on the seat and

move backwards and forwards.

sword A long sharp blade with a handle (•tfri) at one end. A sword is used for

fighting. cid=)K.

swan A large water bird with a long ( # i ) neck and webbed feet, t ^ -

80

swordfish A fish which looks as though ) it has a sword on the end of

its nose. d<n^K ^ ^Teft

tape recorder A machine which can ( t q Rchfi'O record sound on to plas-

tic tape. This machine can also play the sound back. 3TFTFT "HT cfFT

table A piece of furniture with a flat top (t^cf) and four legs.

tadpole A very young frog or toad, (tsqtcf) ^ ^ ^

tail (to.)

which sticks out at the back.

tambourine ( t ^ T )

A small kind of drum which rattles when you shake it. ^ w t ;

tank A very heavy car made from spe-cial metal. There are guns in a tank.

tanker

(pm) A ship which can carry oil or other liquids. cRcT w J % ^ n f c ^

tap You turn a tap to make water run out. ToT.

tangerine A small orange.

tart A small piece of pastry with jam or fruit in the middle. ^ t

taxi A car that you have to pay to ride (tcRfl) in. ^ ^K .

ten The number between nine and ("^T) eleven.

tent A house made out of material and kept up with poles. cP^

teeth The hard bones in your mouth. (£[sj) You can bite food with your teeth.

^ 3TfSfcFT ^tcf.

telephone

telescope 'tfcTWfa)

television

An instrument you speak into. It carries your voice

through electric wires to someone far away.

Something which makes objects far away look much nearer.

An instrument which is able to bring pictures and sound

through the air from a long way away. You can see these pictures when you switch on.

tentacle A long bendy arm. An octopus has eight tentacles. FTm^i; fsrrr t te % m M ^T qFT

*Ft STTfc ^ SiTRcfT

test tube A thin glass container which is open at one end. H«sn<ril.

tepee A Red Indian tent which goes up to a point. cT^.

82

thermometer (anrMfe?)

An instrument used for finding out what your temperature is when you are ill. dlHHIM=b

thermos ( a p f a )

thimble ("farmer)

throne A special kind of seat for kings (sfa) and queens. TR Hh I-HH.

thrush A bird which sings. It has a («Ri) speckled breast. ^Tft^T; W\ w f t

thorn A sharp point which grows on some plants and trees, ^rfel;

three The number between two and (sft) four, ^t sfk ^TK % ^ M I :

thumb The short thick finger you have on each hand.

ticket A small piece of paper you get (fefoe) when you pay to ride on a bus or

tie A strip of material which you wear round your neck under the collar of your shirt. ^ 3 ^fepf ^loft Z l t

83

A container which keeps things hot. ciTWIFft ^cfa; ^ ^cfa

A small metal or plastic cover which protects the top of your finger when you are sewing. 3 M ^ t fT kr l l fw^ ^ t

3 •qf m t .

thistle (fsmel)

A plant which is prickly. ^T IHTT.

tiger A fierce animal like a big striped cat. ^rfal.

toad An animal like a frog. A toad lives on the land most of the time.

TT fiTerm-^RTr Tfretf w n

toast Bread which you have cooked so (•efts) it is golden brown on both sides.

SFTRf cfct 3TFT ipr ^ t z t .

toes The parts of your body on the end ("styi) of your feet. %

torn torn A drum which you beat with your hands. FTT T; 1 W ; ^ T vCf •^fer ^ WWII

W I t . '

tongs A tool used to pick up things. (^TvH) t w i .

tooth

(5*0

One of your teeth.

toothbrush A small brush for scrub-bing your teeth. fcT M

A special paste for clean-ing your teeth. You put the toothpaste on your tooth-brush. fcT WTi " ^ f % f^Pt W "nt fT ^ s f t ^ s^T "qr WTT TRtn f^TT TIcTT t .

tongue (cPl)

A thick piece of flesh inside your mouth. Your tongue moves when

you talk and eat.

tooth paste

tomato

84 A red juicy vegetable. Z W I .

towel A cloth for drying yourself when (•erasic?) you have washed. dlRi^ii.

toreador A man who fights bulls. "Ffa %

tortoise An animal which walks very slowly. It has a thick shell on its back. cFtfsn.

toucan A bird with bright feathers and a ( ^ R ) very big beak. cTRt sfa

tractor A farm vehicle with big back wheels. A tractor can pull heavy things. 3 "Spgw f f i TcTT W t ; pRX.

trailer Something on wheels which can (s^rc) be pulled by a car or lorry. ^rfT TI

ZToft W T "SRT TTcft t . 85

torch ( * W )

light you can carry about and switch on and off. ^ t TI

tower a tall building, ^ r t JKcT; TTftR;

trapeze A short bar hung between two ropes. You swing on a trapeze.

tramp A person with no home who ( I f r ) walks from place to place. ^FT

"^t cTeTRT 3 cTRt ^ c T W ^ ^

train A lot of carriages pulled by an (t5*) engine. \cPTT5t.

tray A flat ( t ) metal.

piece of wood, plastic or You carry plates and cups

on a tray. mcj sts-m e T ^ t

FT STTofl".

trap Something you catch things in.

tree A large plant with a trunk and ( $ ) leaves, "fe;

trench a long narrow ditch. ^FFT $

^en^ % fcTo; . ^ ^ ^

triangle A shape with three sides.

tricycle A cycle with three wheels. (gsRi^d) finf^rr - H i ^ d .

trampoline A piece of strong material (t^Tc^R) stretched over a metal frame.

You can jump up and down on a trampoline. i^T %PT

triplets Three children born to the same mother at the same time. "STO % ^lef

tripod Three metal legs joined at one ( f l j i f u ) end. You can put a camera on a

tripod. fcHlf; ^Tf ^ r "5ft % ^FT 3TRTI t .

trombone (^rwm)

A musical instrument.

trousers A piece of clothing which (^rayrtf) covers your legs. Mdeji. .

trumpet a musical instrument. <pt; ^ M T

trunk The main part of a tree. ^T

<* * ) CRT.

T-shirt A shirt with short sleeves and n o c o l l a r - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

tuba A very big musical instrument.

trout A fish which lives in rivers. tugboat A small strong boat which can f^ ief te) PuN other boats. 3PT ^ f f ^

"SITcft RIcf. 0 _ o /

- v >

tunnel A passage built under the ( ^ ra ) ground. "yr>T; ^ tT .

turban A long scarf you wind round and ( ^ T ) round your head. "TT^; WfiT.

turkey A large bird we often eat at (^cff) Christmas, s f r ^ t Wl "q^r

W t .

turnip A white round hard vegetable OsPfa) which grows under the ground.

W F T .

turtle A turtle has a shell. It lives on land and in water. Trg^t

88

tusks Long pointed teeth that some animals have at the sides of their mouths. Ffsft =FT R+CHI i|3TT

twig a very small branch of a tree. <JST

twins Two children who are born at the ( f ^ n ) same time to the same mother.

T cJT "^T; "Q " TTI«T ^

two The number between one and ("?) three.

typewriter A machine which prints let-( ^ t i ^ T ^ ) ters when you press the

keys. z ^ T w .

V ^ /

umbrella Something you hold over (sntcn) your head to keep off the rain.

underpass A road which goes under a (a-^MhH) bridge or another road. "J T

% TJjinft W f t ^ P F .

unicorn A pretend animal that looks (<jPitbM) something like a horse with a

horn sticking out of the middle of its head. ftR % sfto 3 "QcF "flf7! cfMT cbfcrMd "^frS!

vacuum cleaner A machine which picks up dirt from the floor, sj^r ^ t

van A car with no windows at the back, ( to ) A van can be large or small. ^ F t f f

W t

vase A container for flowers. (to!)

vertebra One of the small bones in (cr^sf) your back, f t e ^ =FT

89

volcano A mountain with a hole in the (JlHcbHl) top. Sometimes hot ash comes

out of the hole, ^ i c i i ^ l .

waiter A man who serves food in a restaurant. Tf " R

- q r i ^ w t ^ c F .

violin A musical instrument with (<jTqicR) Strings. W T t .

waistcoat ( t^cpte)

A coat without sleeves. ^FKJ^; f^RT sfT^^T

vulture (WtR)

90 A large bird which eats dead animals.

wall Something built of bricks or (<rra) stones. Houses have walls. cffaR.

waitress A woman who serves food in a restaurant. Whm-4 3 ^ R

vest A piece of your clothing you wear (faz) next to your skin. sff^TH.

wardrobe A large cupboard to keep waterfall Lots of water falling from a ( c n ^ ) your clothes in. ^ f t w t ^ t (cn^wra) high place. W l .

walrus (cffeRTt)

An animal which looks like a seal but it is larger. A walrus has two tusks, w ^ ^mf ^ m t ^rgsft •^tei. - »•

wand A thin stick used by a magician. -eft watch Something you wear to tell you

warehouse A very large building. All kinds of things are kept in a warehouse before they go to the shops. WFTkm.

washing machine

(cTlf FT

A machine for washing clothes, ^

wasp An insect which can sting you. (cTFFqr) cft^ri;

• O J waste paper A basket kept in a house

basket or office. You throw your (frrefrre *nR-che) rubbish in this basket.

wallet (cnfacT)

A small case for holding your money. ®rg3TT; ^ f t .

wallpaper (cfict ^fa^)

Paper with a pattern on it used to cover walls. faTC TC wfi tMMdl W R .

walnut A nut with a hard shell, s m f e . (clTcHHri)

weasel A small animal with a long (<fmor) neck. A weasel eats snakes

and rabbits. ^HHcK ^ff ^ffq cT«TT W T f t T H M t .

wheel A circle made of wood or metal. Cars have four wheels. They go

round and make the car move. Tf^TT.

w h ' P A strap with a handle.

whiskers "rich grow on a man's face. ^

whiskers Hairs which grow out of the sicJe of a cat's or a dog's face. fTcf TT f M t ^ t i f ^ .

weather-cock Two pieces of metal in cpTcf>) the shape of a cross. A

CD ^ T x weather-cock blows j f v j f t w round in the wind and ^ J ^ T shows you which way

jT w 'n c* i s blowing.

f^TT ^MT

whale A large animal which lives in the ( ^ 0 sea. slfcT ®r| 37R5H Tp^ft.

wigwam ( f o f r r ) A kind of tent, M ^ti

whistle ( f ^ r a )

Something you blow to make a high sound, f f ^ .

wig ( f t r )

Hair which you put on over your own hair, -i<*>cnl «nel.

92

A kind of grain. Flour is made from wheat, ^ff.

willow A tree which has branches (•fcTeft) which bend over. RT "3FI " f e

J t I windmill A machine which is worked by

the wind. TO w t .

window A hole in the wall of a building, (fcfel) Glass covers the hole . Rsi-s^l

wing The part of the body of birds and (fcR) insects which moves. The wings

are used for flying. "TO.

wishbone A bone in the front of a (•ffcrefa) chicken. ^ 3TFt ^ t ^ f t .

witch A woman who is supposed to be (ft*?) magic, ^ l ^ i w l .

wizard A man who is supposed to be ( fe r^ ) magic.

wolf A wild animal which looks like a dog. fen.

woodpecker ( f g ^ O

A bird which uses its beak to make a hole in a tree.

worm A long thin animal with a soft (^nf) body and no legs. f ^ T ; "^ftel.

wren m

A very small M ^ n .

w f cfTeft 93

x-ray A photograph which shows ( t t c p k - ^ ) what the inside of your body

looks like, "mft % ^T "Q RT-

Xftt.

xylophone A row of thin pieces of wood (vdijciUfrH) which make a sound when

you hit them. <n=b«1 % "js^rf ®fRT; ehlKdi^l ( ^<rlcKJl 3

yacht A boat with sails. cfcT "^ref^ W f t

yak An animal like an ox with long hair. fcISRT ^T cT^ ^Teff TeTT

yellow A colour. Daffodils are yellow, ( ^ r t ) ""TtcTT iTT.

0 yo-yo A toy which spins up and down (ift—ift) on a string. ^f ^ T ^

clTcTr f W h l .

zebra A wild animal with black and (Titer) white stripes. Zebras come from

Africa, a r s t a

AOO

zip Something which fastens two bits (fvN) of material together. sfcfT "9T

f ^ F f smcTT =FT qoh<u|.

zoo A place where wild animals are (vsjj kept so that people can look at

them. fafeW; "SFTt ^WlcW; w i t ^ J H .

acting ^ J H ( W O J f

bouncing ^jeRT (dM'RHl)

baking ^ T T

brushing -pf TT ^FTT (cTWi)

balancing ^felcT ^TTT (tctf^T)

batting G ^ M !

blowing ^ T I T R T

building -qcR ftrjfur (Hjf^T)

burning STFT^T^RT

chopping ( * T )

^ T t l f ^ T ; i

cl imbing ^ T T O ^ T C R ^ T

(creiisR'i) chasing Tfter c r ^ /

Carving er^st "TT Tc^R t r ^HT

cleaning ^ p ^ (cRfrf hi) /^Gfj*;

97

combing (cptfinT)

crashing cpt z^n; ^RT (frfcm)

cooking

crossing (flftftpi)

counting (eblviPe*!)

WTT ^FIT y

cutting

98

digging ^ j f ^RT (ftflto) drinking i f t ^ t f sRTT

dancing ^ c f ^ ^ F T t l f ^ L

dressing ( t f f r r )

diving (^T^m) % f i w i p n

drawing w m driving ( l l f f^T)

W T T - M U I ft 1

99

eating ^HT

emptying ^^ f j - ^ ^ fsPTT

fall ing j f t frRTTT (T?frfeFT)

f ight ing ^ ^ (TPT feri)

100

f i lming ^r -pc i^u i (ftrf^FT)

f ishing q ^ f t H ^ H l

f loating Tjpft xpr ^ ^ ^

f ly ing z ^ f i (tcHI^'l)

filling (foftrc)

cRT ^FT

hitt ing ^ ^ r t f r ^ ^ t f^TT galloping ^ i t f w ^ ^ ^ f e w

hoeing ^ ^ ^ T ) hanging ^R^pn

helping ^ i ^ n ^ n (tfc^l)

hopping i ^ i f t ^ ^

hugging (-#TT)

3HlRriJH ^TT,

\ i

hiding f ^ f ^

101

icing ^ H t ^ t w ^ n f c

ironing (3tT?#Fr)

w, f t s^'ll ^ ' I' «

itching

juggling (vHMlcHJl)

d' l ldk

cTSJT W ^ f ^ t fsRI

T N jumping ^ ^ w f f n y

102

kicking efRT 3 t i r ^ ^ t ^ n ( f t i f a l ) knitting ^T ^TFf

kneeling ^ f f % ^ ( ^ m ) O o

0 o ° o knocking <^dMi WW2RT

(^f inr) 103

kissing r3pR ( fc f tp r )

listening laughing (OTTFFINT)

l i c k i n g W ^ T (fcrffrn)

loading ^ ^ T (cftf^tT) „

ly ing ( c ^ O

m n ^ r "^t f ^ tT

104

marching ^ ^ T T ; ^ 3 W ftelFR

mending TT^T^XT ^TTT

mov ing eft fg^T

105

measur ing

Wn^TTTFRT

mi lk ing (PiIWi'i) ^ f

m ix ing ( f t f t fR )

fwmz/-( to \

melt ing pMMdHI

packing ^ ^ picking ^ -Q^ cfrir^LgT ^ N R T

paddling ^ ( TsfcFT)

playing ^ ^ NlFT) /

painting i j ]

p loughing ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ N ^ T ) T M ^ R T

P i l i n g OftfcFT)

106

pol ishing TTHT Tf FT^FTT (MiTeiRi'l)

praying (*pT)

pumping T p o } - ^ ^

post ing x^-xr fz^ i i f xj^ s ^ f i eft f ^ r (t f fcrq)

pour ing x ^ ^ ^ T w f

pushing ^ ^ T zu q%eHT

queuing (^J^ t ) "STfcTSTI cfR^ "p; i f e 3 TT "qfw W1HI

'l07

racing 3 ^ ^ ^ c ^ (^ftrn)

raining ^rf ^ n

Ml

»1 I t

reading x ^ j - q ^ ( # 1 )

WfT

rescuing p ^ T T c^rt ^ 3 ^ p ^

rocking

^ f f ""R % \ V STFt

rolling (^ftm) ^ W T T

rowing ( ^ 1 ) ^TT &

sailing ^ ^ ^FHT ( ^ F l )

109

shaving f^TTT)

sawing (^FT ) i

3TRT ^

w ^ r r

scrubbing (wfehrj)

w g ^ f j f l HT^HI _

sewing (^PT)

shivering (RmRji) ^ f $ -s fM ^ t t^Tf

'shooting t M ^ IHT ( ^ T ) 'ZTTtWTT

WIHT

shopping m ^ i f l

sit t ing ^ (fofibT) flF^T

skat ing M fasfSr) HFZTT ((

sleeping

sl iding ^TFf "qi ftbUet} f ^ T ( f e f r ^ T )

singing Tjpcpr J M E l l _ _ _ _

110

smel l ing if«f ^T ^FTT tofePl)

smoking OpflffrT)

o ° sweeping

T2TTC

swimming (farfcn) tn^ t ; ftorr

snowing ( ^ r i ) fenmd

spinning (ftqpR)

f T H T ^ W J

swinging ^ F n / (•Rsff PT) jfyZ

stroking N l f t n i )

111

threading (dftto)

•gf 3 WIT fqf^n

touching ^ f ^

throwing ^ to

typing z ^ l ^TRT

112

winding ^ snfc 3 ^TMt WTRT

walking ^ ^ p n OflHfi)

wrapping T^FM 3 R ^ T (Wn) f**"V-^v^V

washing (cfrftPT) o

writing (^fcri)

fRTsRT amL

watching KTH^ (•EFFF RL)

yawning ( ^ F T )

"3®TRTt #TT watering (^fef^T)

"qpft

zipping

"^FR "TT ^ r oft i N k "SRI ^ ^FRT

weighing

^ R T ^ T

fsRT

113

/ COLOURS \ Azure Black (e fcp) chiHi Blue (ce^) -Tldl Brown (sii^h) ^ Dusky xylciTi Grey(^t) ^ Golden (îWh) •ynî Green (ifR) l^r Lemon (eWR) ?ic«H tfldi Maroon (i}*H) ^ u r t ^ Mauve (•#?) ydi^

Orange ^raft

Purple ( ntcT) el'i-fl R o s y ( ^ ) ijoneft Red (^5) ^ra Saffron ( w h r ) itmf^n Scarlet ( ^ K ^ d ) did Violet (cim^d) Vermilion (ciffioH) White (cîê) Yellow (^fat)

DAYS, MONTHS AND SEASONS 1. DAYS Monday Tuesday ( e ^ ^ ) j-hmcin Wednesday (^-v)-^) ^stcn Thursday (aref%) Friday ( ibi^) yjshciK Saturday ("ftd^t) ttRrtr Sunday ( t r ^ ) ^Tctr

2. MONTHS January vHHci February (%®R3fft) March (irr^) ttt^ April (3tRTc ) May("fl)

J u n e ( ^ ) ^

July(êii4) August (3f lW) ST Rd September (ip&zR) ftRF^R October (sftcfetcR) November (^P^r ) w^rc December (f^^Hv)

3. SEASONS Autumn (affe^r) Md -d Spring (fern) ew-iti Summer ( w ) Rainy season (^-rflyH) «N«Hid Winter (Rl-xi'i)

TIME Second (^Rh-^) Minute ( 1 ^ ) Hour(3TTcR) XIU5T D a y ( t ) Dawn(^H) vliNlchlcH, TJTTd Morning (nTPi'i) ura: Forenoon (^Ty-jn) cian

Noon (^T) ^ t f ? After-noon (snw^-î) rq?? ^ Dusk(^-cb) TTEin Evening (s^Phi) TTFt

> Qi

Night (Hi^d) Mid-night WTCTft Week «hhi* Fortnight (ihT^Hi d) q^ciiî Month (tfst) Quarter ) Half year (fro ar^cri Year(^3R) cpf Decade (Rsi-d) ^ c r f Century ( ^ f l ) tfl (yidi«fl) Millennium (R^Pwh) cui J

4 ) /

s ANIMALS AND THEIR BODY PARTS Antelope (^<h1m)

Ass (â) Titn

Ape (Tyq) Ant-eater Bear frs

Bitch (for)

Buffalo («iWt)

Bull ( f a )

Boar Cow (<pj\£) TRJ Cat (fcE) fipff Colt (cbW)

Calf ( w )

Camel vfe

Dog (^ft) f r n Deer •f HJ]

Donkey mr

Elephant Ewe Fox ( TERT) dlni) Fawn (tJjR)

Frog ( M l )

Giraffe (fircro) Goat (Tfts) Horse (^rtf) xfrsi

Hippopotamus

Hare (%3R) •is! >i h VI

Hound (Fra^s) Rlcbl <frTT Hind Hoof (^p) w Hyena (îsHi)

Jackal (^pm) R-WK Kitten ( f t ^ ) fapfl cfcl cj-cc||

Kid (firs)

Kangaroo ( ^ r s )

Lamb (efa)

Lion (eTT*H)

Leopard (ett^)

Monkey ("R^t)

Mouse (Trravfr)

Mule (^zjci)

Mare (*T*rc)

Mole ("tfra)

Musk-rat ( i w - ^ )

Mongoose ( H H ' J « I )

Ox (affcRi)

Pig ( f i r )

Porcupine (mo^Mi n)

Pony (tfnft)

Panther

Puppy (ôff)

Rabbit

Rhinoceros

Rat fte)

Ram (^T)

Stag (I^T)

Spaniel (^Pi^d)

Sire

Sheep (Vffq)

Squirrel (^rihci)

Swine ( w ^ t )

Tail (tor)

Tiger

Wolf (f?P)

Yak (^ra)

Zebra (TifcRT)

<S5>—

•Rii

W

^ r f i

smf raR^r

^cjefl

1J3R

flcTI

ftc^TT

iTSl

w i ^ fW i

MvHHch Ffte

•garfr

w r i t e r

f BIRDS, WORMS, INSECTS, R E P T I L E S & \ THEIR BODY PARTS Bat (He) Beak(frcp) Cuckoo Cock(cPTcp) Cygnet ( f imê) Crow(tPt) Chicken (f*njR) Crane (?»R) Duck ( ^P ) Dove(^g ) Drake (^pp) Duckl ing ( ^ O H I ) Eagle ( t 7 ^ ) Egg (-^T) Feather (T^T) Goose (T|VH)

Hen (^ r ) Heron Hawk ( # p ) Kite (<PT?e) Lark

Magpie ("<HT^) N e s t ( ^ e ) Nightingale (HI^ ' ICI) Ostr ich (anfrÔ Parrot Partridge (^nfî) Pea-hen Oft^r) Pigeon ( f t^R) Peacock Pheasant Quail (tcra) Raven (^3R) Swa l l ow (TCTTCTI) Sparrow (^fct) Stork Vulture (cioxR) Wing (for) Weaver-bird (%Rcpg) Wood-pecker

W K T&rfa cPtJTcT •yrf FH cPT ^WI

eftT® (^R) cTfRg-gFi crsn

3TSI

"cTTTcTT

W

tfren i?m

tpfcTC

cr^r

H6I-SI 'cfttOT

f ^

Bee ( f l ) Beetle ( t o ) Bug («R) Butterf ly (cR r t f ^ ) Body- l ice Boa («ften) Crocodi le (fptcpter^ci) Cobra ( ^CRT)

Conch (cpfa) Crab (%ej) Cr icket (fipifre) Cocoon (<bl<&H) Earth wo rm (arafa^) Eel(^cr) Fish (%?T) Fire-fly ( w r w ^ ) Frog (TPFF)

Fly ( w ^ ) Flea Fangs Grasshopper (UTO#R) Hood { f s ) Honey-bee (F f t ^ t ) K n a u r ( ^ i ^ j ) Louse (cTFTfT) Leech (#x j ) LoCUSt (dlcM-d) Lizard (fcHvii) Mosqui to (wHctflel) N i t ( f t c ) Oyster (afl^y-e^) Poison ( W H O H )

Snail

Spider ( w ^ s ? ) Shark ( T T T £ )

Scorp ion ( ^ R f t s n ) Si lk-worm Snake (^<P) Tadpole ( ^ n l d ) Turtle ( z ^ i ) Termite (c^Hi^d) Wasp (cfRq)

'Jêll

iftcR 3KJR?

cPTcTT 7TR

itnp^T

^7R "cm <pt3TT

Weft

•RcRff

fefT TJR TiJ^tRsfl

t uffcp

ffrqcpcft

"#7

"ErfETT

"fcRJ tPT ^TfT

TTT ^fep cpT cT5n <PT53TT ^RcP cTctal, frs

<m>

CRIES OF BIRDS, ANIMALS AND INSECTS \ Ape (Tjq) ePJ* gibber, Rh«r

Ass (^ft) w bray, t

Bear (%5R) growl, iJMd

Bee (ft) "R^RcRfr hum, i r

Bird TTlft chirp,

Bull (fci) Tfrs bellow, teft

Camel (%rh) grunt, Tfe

Cat mew, ^

Cattle ( t o ) TRJ low, eft

Jackal ("wTcpToi) 'Tk-s! howl, £In4><H

Fly (ifcHisO R<Nsh buzz or hum, ens^friR

Fox (r?Tcrt) eftR t yelp, tcR

Frog (TPtT) iideb croak, tfito

Goose ( Jp?) chd^ cackle, bcbcH

Goat (ife) elch bleat, ^ t e

Hawk ( f fe ) scream,

Hen (^r) cackle,

Horse (^Rt) tfrsr neigh, 3

Owl (arre^O ^ hoot,

Ox (arfrrr) tc! low, bellow, cit, teft

Kitten ( t t o ) foeftdT mew ^

Lamb (eta) ^RHI bleat ^ f e

Lark (etr^) cTcTT "R t sing fttR

Lion (cTRR) •RT? roar tR

Mouse ("RFTH) w squeak <w><5tcb

Monkey ("Reft) gibber or chatter

Nightingale

(Hispid)

Cock (c icp)

Cow (Wv3)

Crow (sPt)

Dog(^TR)

Dove ( ^ f )

Duck Ostp)

Eagle (^Ref)

Elephant ( T J H J P ^ )

Parrot

Peacock ( ^ ^ W )

Pigeon

Pig ( f i r )

Puppy (tptft)

Serpent ( W F T S )

Sheep (Vta)

Snake

Sparrow

|cifei warble

yrf

rra

f r n

W W

cTOT

"Erra

tfRTT

tfrc

W ^ T R

TRR

mm

Squirrel (*SPW<H) RIH*^

Swan ("*3h)

Tiger (dT^K) ?R

Vulture (<JCTER) Pr^

Wolf (p«p) i tem

crow sPt

low eft

caw

bark

coo ^

quack c j ^

scream a?fR

trumpet ^f&re

talk dte

scream

coo ^

grunt

yelp 3CR

hiss ^

bleat

hiss f^e

chirp or twitter

^ 7T f cic;*

squeak

Cackle

growl or roar

yivici 'JIT

scream "raStR

howl fFJcl

YOUNG ONES OF ANIMALS Ass ("^r) Bear(tare) Cat ) Cow(^rrg) Deer (-feTR) •ft^m

foal wtcf cub cFk(

kitten foeR calf/heifer fawn R>tR

Dog ("str) f r n puppy •R t ("ft^l) Duck (Ifcp) eM<£l duckl ing -dchfclR Frog (p>hT) »tdch tadpole Goat(Tfm) kid fcfrg

FOX (TftcRT) cflRit cub cfKf

<11 Z>

Goose (TJH) chd H Hare (%?) 1

Hen (pi) Horse (?Rf) ^Wt Lion (eTRH) ^R

gosling fRrfchr leveret mra? chicken faefR.^gpn COlt cub epg

Sheep ^ lamb Swan (WR ) cygnet R-ni-k Tiger (drfrR) tcTi cub cfR Wolf (fe^) irfom cub ^ Sow ( # ) tttct^stcpiglet foTete

SOUNDS Beating of drum cJlol eft <H|c||\j)

Blowing of bugle fojcf eft 3)|c||vH

Booming of gun dlM m d-ejeb eft JKvH

Chattering of teeth TRTt % eMcfcs! eft

STRIuT

Clapping of hands eUfcH'Ul eft M^'Ml^d

Crackling of fire-wood debtee ^ eft

Clanging of arms ffaniRt eft WRT?5

Clanking of hooves kfl^ cb dlMl eft ^ N N

Cracking of a whip efc!-S eft yn^ilfc;

Creaking of shoes vjjril eft tKH*l?ic:

Din of a crowd ehl eftdl cH

Exploding of bomb dHl eb ft^ci eft

Flapping of wings TR3t eft l|»s!l|>.!!|*ci

Hissing of steam THT % lefRtf "treTR r

Plehd^ eft atlcll.vH

Jingling of coins Rlsbf eft ^-KsH

Knocking of a door

Pattering of rain or hail

Rattling of wheels

Reporting of an explosion

Ringing of bell

Rustling of leaves

Splash of water

Stamping of feet

Whistling of wind

Thundering of lightning

Ticking of clock or watch

Tinkling of bell

Banging of a door

^cjijil ft

MdMril e

itf^ ft 3ncTTMT RlW cleb cp

eft STRTTyf

eft dHdHl^d

eft

"q^cp^ ancriMf

RVJ)<MI "qi efReT t

wrsr^s

efi? ( chfScb cP^I

^ ^ f t ^

cJVcJI. i f t

DWELLING AND PLACES (A) Persons

Convict (cpPcick;) King (lefTr) Knight ( ^ s ) Lunatic (efffep)

3PRTSJt TTTHT

HOMES Homes

prison (fiJjiR) palace (^Ri ) mansion asylum (sRrrfcm)

^Tcl, cPRFTR

TRcPlft ^cH (Yrai eft fct^l) MMIeKslHI

<118>

Monk ("Rep) Officer (affftRR) Nun (^R)

Parson (RRfa) Peasant (^FS) Person (R^T) Prisoner (tPTiFR) Soldier ( ICTSR)

(B) Creatures

Dog (^!R)

Horse (#tf) Mouse (TTT^H)

Spider (w^s?) Pig (f tr) FOX(VTCRT) Lion (eff?R)

Owl (3R3Td) Wolf(fdP) Hen (%R)

RdclKfl

^TfrR

•sfngr

(A) Games

Badminton, Tennis, Volley-ball •dfandH, tf^RT, "EIT cfra Cricket Gymnastics (RH*HR<icb)djiiiiHi*M<Hi Racing ( ^ F I ) Wrestling (•fcafePT) Boxing («iifî-iR) Foot-ball (^ddid) Hockey (?Tc£[) Horse-race (IRJ Swimming (RÎPHR) Judo (TSJ^T)

monastery (4H*d?l) bungalow (ehrat) convent (wNto) parsonage (MK^VJI )

cottage ( W ^ R ) house (^re^r) c e l l a r )

barrack

Homes

kennel (ctRd) stable hole (ltd) web (era) s t y ( ^ )

burrow (^r ) den ("&R) tree hollow (^1 lair (eR) coop(^q)

PLACES

H?de)ld •ffeft

eT r vHIMI

Where played

c o u r t s

pitch ftî gymnasium track arena arfFn ring #R

field R?fds field RStes race-course pool TJeT field mat i^W^s

cTRdT

" R 3

MMRai)' WT SRSTR

"J?

^rfTER, c j j ^ l l d l

3R?TRd, y^^ ld

t^fd

" J R R , "RTC

•ypi, Tffe

•jrr, "RT? ^ gt T, cFT WT?

A (B) Things

Aeroplane ( ^ c R ) Fruit tree Grape (Tfa) Motor-car w?) Cloth (cfcffai) Grain (ifa) Curios (^jfoito) Passenger luggage at railway station

Dead Body (^s^rffl)

(C) Creatures

Birds Birds and animals Wild or strong animals Kids (fossr)

(D) Things

Picture ( F T I R )

Play Film ('frcq) Rubbish (7ftf?r) Water for the supply of a town

WITH W f cjST 3PJ? "Rt^ cPR cCTfl 3Rra PdT eft ftem -ER^

^cfet TR ^ t tPT TTRR

TR 7T?R

Tiafl an XHRCR XiRÎXHRcR

cRi?R

rMRlol

"?T!R fcltj TTF?! f RRTJl

Weapons or Ammunition 3R5I-7R3 ( ^ R "5T Q^PlSMH) Young plants(?rn âreri) Wares (t^n)

(E) Things

Beer («Starc) Brick (f?ra>) Flour

Manufactured Goods

Articles (3TTfep^f)

Leather goods

ftifft ^ j ^ r ra

xjft ^ft mra

• RffcrRT ^Rcjtj

PmfRld cR^j

cPT WTR

Where stored

aerodrome (^f^R) orchard vineyard (ciiÂni) garage wardrobe granary ("ifaft) museum cloakroom (cfdtcp^R)

\ 3ffl

WT 3PJ? vJSJR •ile^n-s} ctR f Pl SJR ^PTt "Eft 3teRTfl 3RM *P5R

3RR^t "7TRR "ER

cemetery (•ftfad^) ^ftlR^R

Where kept

cage ftfercT zoo (v^) RlRWI -er menagerie (SMVHR) nursery (^Rfft) Riîidi

Where kept

art gallery ^PdT tef theatre ( t a r ^ ) w r a , ^midi cinema-hall ("fcFtar i?Td) ftFmT IR filth depot ("PfrceilM) water-works, water-reservoirs ^diyw (cJTS jRCTR) arsenal (31k4h<h)

nursery (^^ffT) godown

Where made

brewery (^Jfff) kiln (fo^T) mill ("PTCT) factory

workshop (CI&SMN)

tannery (t^rfr)

\

TOPTR

tffyyiidi

TRra ^ft CPT ^

^ r f ^ ^ f t ^ f t

t ct>K<s)Ml uTFf^ cR^tj cRT xm^l | cl TRTIR ^ft XiTT |

^ft cR^ cRT f cpT cbK<slHI

< f 2 0 >

Paper Bread ($rs) Films Food Iron goods (OT^R^T^) Money ("T t) Ships (-ftTO)

Cloth (-Efcffsj) Medicine ( A^IRH)

WTyf

vgraxRisJ, ifK^H efrt WT WRH £R, "gST

afrafa

mill ( f td) bakery (tcpff) studio ( ^ i i l ) kitchen ( f ^ R ) smithy (ftqsft) mint (fare) dockyard (^tovri)

mill (ftef) pharmacy ( f i W )

<t>K<tS)MI

YThfER

rich^M

Trgtfl uT iuff ^

chK^HI

(F) Place

Creche (tPrr)

Primary/Nursery school (•mfRfl/^ft T^eT) Middle school

High School (F l^r^t ) College (cblfdvH)

University (^flciRj^)

Dispensary ( f^rafr )

Nursing Home ( Tf T " tr) Lodge (cffrr)

Hostel/Boarding House ( RScT/cfrf n fTvJTi)

Club (cRTO)

Airport ( w ^ )

Bus stop ( ra

PTajt cP "f reiTera

"fTTEJfftcP R^JMiJ

H lfasUlcHAI

3flW?RI

Rl&oHMil iJlBwT cfitfcTRFl •CR d f ^ l cPT

WHNKH

Purpose

Day nursery for children when their parents are at work. A school where young children are taught. Where middle classes are taught.

A school for studies upto Matric. An institution for studies in higher education. Highest institution for higher studies of all subjects. A small medical unit for treatment of patients. Hospital specially for intensive care. A place where visitors from out -stations stay.

Where students stay during their studies or training period,

w t e ht A place of various types of recreations HHIVVHH and amusements like dancing,

6R? ^cfT^ cpj

Railway Station

X

music playing etc. A cleared and levelled place where aircraft can take off and land. Where buses stop to take and drop passengers. Where trains stop to take and drop passengers.

< 1 2 1 >

X SCHOOLS & COLLEGES \ Primary School (MI H I

Higher Secondary School (iTJR Tfcfr sfl f^el) Admission (Q-dftsu) Teacher (-£RR) Lecturer Principal (fMPra) Office (affftRT) Sports ( w ^ ) Discipline (RSRHRHH) Prospectus (TRttra^) Distinction (teRticren) Certificate Inspection

fcraTeRJ

XTEERR TTiarftcP

"fcreiTera

3 M M , fllSRP Tnran TJ£IMMl4 cblilicHiJ

3FJ?TRR •fctcRUJ J Rdcbl

UHIUIMtI

•Rrftsm

Middle School ^ d ) TT]t3jftcP Rlilldil

College (c f t^ ) H ifct llcHil Student ( ) "Prensfl

Professor (TfrtRR)

Headmaster TOHTEZJNcP

Library ( d i ^ ) -dchlcHiJ

Playground (T^rrm^)

Competition (c£)Pm[^h) UlrliflPldl

Expulsion ( cKHMcyn) P)M>KHH

Promotion (mt?R) Mcflsllci, M'lfcl

Attendance " TRarflf

Degree f§T«TT TFfM ^

Identity Card

SUBJECTS English (sj'ifayi)

Sanskrit (7r<ft) "*r<Jk!

Urdu ,3$

Geography (xsrRnft) j tTd

Mathematics (%rirfoRr)

Geometry ^st Tiftra

Science (Tn^JTRi) ftsTH

Chemistry ( ip f r f^) w h ?tr5j

Sociology (^Mrsfteft^l) w r a -fcnrn

Civics (-Rrftcra) hmiR* ?iR5i

Psychology ( a i ^ u M I ) HHlfosiH

Commerce (cpTjr}) ciiftii^

Hindi ( t ^ t ) f M t

Punjabi ( w r f t )

History (Hreft) ^ i r o Arithmetic (arftajirfecp) ahfnrtrto Algebra ftiffqfara

Physics (%fvTcRi)

Home Science

( i fa TnlarRf)

Economics(^Ffrf^fcRi)

Political Science

Philosophy ( t ^ t w f t )

Agriculture (TJISW^R)

Botany

Anatomy

Horticulture ( lf5ch<H >i)

Medical Science

(^r^Pef

Language (O N R )

Linguistic (faPciR-dcb)

Palmistry (^nft^t)

3Taf97R5I

Ti nfrfc? 7TR5I

YTR^

cpfttcfsTH

cH-wfa TTR^

?I?R "fasTH

vrerH tcfen

RlRbcUl ftlTH

"HTTT

< t 2 2 >

SPORTS & GAMES Hockey (FRft)

Goal Keeper (^fra ft R)

Penalty Corner

Cricket ( -Rf^)

Bowler ("^R)

Innings

Sixer (%CRR )

Stump ( ^ q )

L.B.W. (Tle?.^.^^.)

Captain

Volley Ball ( ^ *rra)

Base Ball («Rr w )

Tennis (tf^Rf)

Billiards (f^rcnfef)

Polo ( fTefT)

Shooting (^f^7!)

Rowing (^rfr)

Wrestling (^rrfern)

Chess (*Rr)

Bridge

Carrom Board

High Jump ( f t^ w q )

Tug of war ('sr 3rfa> ^ r )

Race (^T)

^fcft cPT^f

"Rtef

f ^ r e f i l l e r

Ifh^he WT ^ct

Riff

TOT

ffifft

faRbdf % 3fPt

Wl 3TT wTRT

cRTH

?T9Jt oTT cITefT

^fc m ê l

cRf WToT

3?R ^fc cpl "êf

T?cf> PcPR cpj

"SM TR Ef cfR

XHta cTTeTT ^teJ

^^tcPT^g

cfm wi ^tcj Ura

Stick ( t o )

Spinner (t^RR)

Runs

Fourer (WR?)

Wicket

Wicket-keeper

(ftfcScfttR)

Catch

Football (^ddld)

Basket Ball (*iR%d «rieT)

Bully ( ^ t )

Short Corner ( ^ ^fiTfr)

Batsman (t^fnto)

Badminton (tsflteR)

Table Tennis

(tflTdtpRT)

Croquet (tft%s)

Golf ( t o )

Swimming (M$rn)

Boxing (etfcNî)

Horse racing (fM^ftPT)

Athletics (âf^fcra)

Playing Card (^TfR

Kabaddi

Long Jump (cffa

Ring Throw (tî 2fl)

(123)

?T*ft elfST

^ t^ vJWIel cTTefT

ftfer

cpj >i-yciicHi

^ dMchHI

'stcpfl "rfer

%% ulT^ RTen

?Tcft sTdURwr cJRRT

iT ilXH

^ T TR cfT#

"dcP T eft 3?R

^dT fTcn ^cT

^ F f t

•gifeenrft

afR ^ <t> ^sfd

cim CFT ^sld

e F f t f ^

EATABLES AND CEREALS Arrow-root (^1*id) 4RI*>d Biscuit (RlR^d) Bran ( i th ) •clW* Barley («TRet) vtf Break-fast (d<b 4>i*d) HISMI, chelc|| Buck-wheat ( t o i td ) iffajl Beaten paddy ( i td^ i i t ) Butter (*[d?) Broth (snar) >t>m, yilydi Beef ( i t o ) TRJ cf>T "TRJ Bread (#g) Bacon («|cjr) WT TRT Comfit O^fes) $H!Alit ciHI Coffee (#rq?t) Cake (ct>cp) Corn-ear (^Pii- ' f jR) Cheese ( i t o ) p i R Condensed Milk

(He«t>) Castor seed Chapati (^mi t ) Curry (wft) Cluster bean i R ) TcfR Cream (t£fa) Curd (<?r£) Clarified butter i t

Food (TJTg) i t uH Flour (4xHlv3>0 OTdT Field pea ( i f e i t ) iteT Fine f lour (wi^ t i h i ^ ) Feast (ift^d) " Tcfcl Grain (tFt) 3RTvH Gum acacia (tth 3t^%?ji) i t e Great mil let ( i d f ield) TSJR Gram (um) tFTT Gruel (Tjsra) <=; (OHAJ I Honey ( f i t ) Ice-cream (3TT^ra?ta) Ice (3rr^fr) Jam (vta) Kidney bean (ffcsit i R ) x!MHI Lentil ( ^ d e f ) TRJ?

Lunch (era) ^roi? w t ^ f t t Loaf(efa>) x n c i ^ Loaf sugar (eTtw?jfR) y t i r Maize (i>3) TO^ Mutton (^hr) to^^i^ Milk (ftcsp) ^sj Mid-day meal ^ i t d ) f ^Tcmi fcH Millet (l ietd) "utfR «TFJRT Meat ( i t d ) T T R I

Minced Meat ( f iF*g i td ) ^tar Mustard (TT^i ) Oat (srld) ^ Oryza sativa (sfrfen -hifedi) sth Oil (3folel) ^cl Pigeon pea ( f i ^H i t ) S R I R

Pea ( i t ) Pulse (Pe*l) ^Tel Puffed rice ( w t t ^ t ) "grg^r Pickle ( tec * ) araR Phaseolies mugo

Poppy ( i r f t ) TfTRT Porr idge ( i t f ^ r ) ^ R n Pork (itcfj) J3RcFTTTR[ Pearl Millet (Pef t ield) Rice ( ^ e ) ^Tcid Sugar (T^R) i t i t Sweets ft^ Syrup (ftrcq) ^ t ^ Supper ( W ) TRT "QFTI Sago ( w i t ) *Hi«j«{Hi Sauce ( w ) rretft Sesame ("^Riit) 1cTcT Sugar candy ("9Jtr ^ 1 ) l i i t Semol ina ^ Soup (^35) ?tR«n Treacle ( ^ e f ) " J ? , ^ Tea (3t) w Vinegar ( f t ^ R ) Vegetables (iftr£*reyi) Trfferai Wheat ( i td) i f Wine (cjT^f) t r t c Whey (i) ttit

< f 2 4 >

SPICES Asafoetida Alum ( w ? ) Aniseed ("^Mns) Arsenic (3RfRnP) Bamboo Camphor

Af latoon (3W>di<£H) Aloe (Tf^) Alkali Acid (tyfrps) Barilla ( - ^ m ) Bitumen (RI^H) Borax ( ' ^F f f ) Belladona (%cTT#RT) Basil (tRra) Black Pepper (seto ^^ r ) Betel-nut OSted^e) Catechu Cardamom (crn^q) Carbonate of Soda O le f i n 3TFP fffeT) Cinnamon (RHH'H) Coriander seed

Cocaine (cptcfH) Cubeb (cFjira) Cassia (%Rrar) Camphor Caraway ($RTct) Chil l i Cloves ("cFefRyT) Cumin seed (CKJTHH Chirata ("Rrrtt) Datura ( ^ d ^ i ) Dry Ginger f ^ R ) Fenugreek seed

Ginger ( t ^ R )

3 F T

"TrRg T cTRH

T r a

Tf^RSR

3Fd iTeSRSR RldlJTld

-H^MII

^cR?!

^gmft cfnSJT

iiRrar

cblcftn

vHMId

offa ^ R l •Rrto?it

ar^cjj

Galnut (JiidHd)

Hemp

Hog p lums (WT W f l )

Linseed (fcR # 3 )

Land cal t rop

Liquor ice ( I ^ R T ^ )

Mace ("fRr)

Myrobalan (H i^ddH)

Musk (tr p) Menthol ("tfafrd)

Nutmeg ("RS^n)

Nigella ( m d i )

Nux vomica (^r^rt ^frftcm)

Oats (sfcr i )

Or iganum (af l f l^m)

Pell i tory (Aftef t)

Pepper root ( ^ r ^ e )

Parsley ( w ^ )

Poppy seed ('qTnft ^fns)

Pisti l ( f t f ted)

Rhubarb (^TT^)

Rock salt ( TcP

Salt

Sandal ( ^ r a )

Sal-ammoniac

("*nd-3nTtRf3TTcf>)

Soap-nut (-rfimd)

Saffron

Saltpetre (Wc^te?)

Senna ( # n )

Turmeric (z^rf^p)

Tamarind (£nR-si)

Vinegar ("RT^R)

Yeast ("tfr3) Zedoary (yKgterft)

WT

3MdT

3td#

^

vHTft t

cb *^

uTRPPd

cbciMl

cpTdl

Rlcblcbl 3t3r3r1 ft^Td TJd

s^mtgr,

•^Rrrf t , 3)vj)ciiiiH

TTcP

?T31

cfRR ?frl Fc^T

ftR^PT

STTWT Fc^t

/ FLOWERS, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 1. FLOWERS Cobra flower (cpteRT t j^ i f r ) Chrysanthemum (f^faJrm) Creeper (ffr^R) Daisy ( ^ l ) Jasmine (^-h^h) Knop ("RN) Lotus (cft^T) Lily (feRft) Marigold (Af l ' iW) Magnolia (i^rfrrar) Motia (Tfrf nn) Narcissus (HiRfmi) Oleander (arffcnf^) P a n d a n u s (M^H>H)

Prickly pear (filched TIR) Rose (" TH) Sunflower

Touch-me-not ("ew—^rre)

2. FRUITS Apple (^lof) Apricot (^JlcbV) Almond (OTTS)

Berry (itfl) Betel-nut ( f f ^ - ^ s ) Banana (CRHT)

Beet root Black berry Chest-nut Cherry Currant Custard apple ( ^ e i ^Tcf) Cashewnut Carambola Coconut (cblcblHri) Date Fig ( far)

eRTI JJcH^K

cluft c^ra

"ftÎ FTT

TfrfrRiT

^nw^r TfcTra

eTTTR iR "grrfl cfn T

THrg ararcte

Trfrm

HlR^d

Guava ("33MT) Gravia asiatica

Grape (Tfa) Ground-nut (Trras-'TC) Loquat Lichi (cftft) Lilac (fefelcb) Mulberry ( H d ^ )

3. VEGETABLES Amaranthus ("tTTTFsiTf) Brinjal (Hh3TcT) Bitter gourd (Hre?"^) Bean

Colocasia (^CTWRWI) Citron (RHÎH ) Coriander ( c h l R ^ ) C a u l i f l o w e r (WCÎTOTCR)

Carrot ( W ) Charantis ( W R ^ B )

Melon (^TeR) Musk-melon (TT^-' fc^) Mosambi ) Malta ("TTcSi) Mango Orange (3ft^r) Olive (attfera) Pomegranate (tMtT^) Plum ( ^R ) Pyrus malus Siercr) Pear ( fare) Pine apple (mi hQmo) Peach Pistachio Papaya (^mn) Raisin

TpTcrm

dWie

ftchl^H

f i n

'IcHId

erf rarr Tgcfft^ i t^R

^g^vn FRT

"TTeST arm t r r t , ^n^ft

3FFR, CI | F -H

dîl iNI

3HHRT

ffR^T ftcTT

/

Sour cherry (^rre #51) ^r f l^ r f t Sapodil la ("Mfeen)

Sugarcane w i

So le (#c l ) 3TT^5R1 Water-melon (^n^^TcH) Water-nut (ciid>M<i) R-iyi^i Yam ( ^ I M ) ^TTO^

Cucumber (^CF^?) Cabbage ) ^ Chill i (f%Rfi) Gourd

Ginger ("fefcrc)

Garlic (^TTfcfe) h ^ h Jack-fruit ( ^ c p ^ ) che^d Luffa (ejq>T) ffemT^ ftft

Lady's-f inger ( ^ t f?irrR) Lime ( tt t) Lettuce (cte^n) Mushroom (TT^TCT)

Mint

Onion (STPRR) Potato ( ^ M ) Pumpkin (qwjRhH) Pea (ift) Red pumpk in (^g Radish

Spinach (R^HM) Turnip (^Pfrq) Tamarind (SnR-d) Tomato ( ^ r e f )

" " \

f ^ l

^rare

anci ^

#cTTO>d

WfcP yicHvHH

^Tcfl

PLANTS, TREES & THEIR PARTS Acacia (atchRniii) Bamboo (tp^) Banyan (erf^RR) sK'M Birch (er^f) Cactus (%-cfe i) Cotton ( w s r ) chMKH Chilli (Unffl) Cypress (^rr^to) Fir(TR) Oak (3fTcp) eld, elcjd Palm ( t t r ) cTTS Pine ( t t ^ ) Polyalthia (Mldiiifcerar) Shisham (tftem) yTiym Sandal (-H^ci) Teak (Sm) <HMIc|H Bark (cn3>) f Tel Branch (wra) -did Bulb (elc«j) ^FEf Bud (ire) Coir (ebi^) Margosa (hu'iVhi) Bo-Tree (efr-#) ^Md

B lossom ( C H W H )

Fruit ( ^e ) Fibre (TPT^R)

Graft ( M ) Gum ( jm) Groundnut ( i iM^ne) Juice (V^H) Jute ( v ^ ) Lea f (3 to ) Pollen grain (^fr^R tR ) Pollen tube ("qteR ^ r ) Pulp (tr?q) Pisti l (ftffeci) Root ( ^ s ) Root-stalk (nz Sprout Stamen ( T & T R )

Skin (I^JR) Stone ( ^ r ) Seed Stem ( ^ q ) Thorn (afft) Wood ( f s )

<127) —

qJef

cpeR

TffPFcft Tft

•TOT W T ^PT W I ^ T

ffrc PT

cpfeT cms

/ PARTS OF THE BODY X Abdomen ( ^ T f R ) Arm w? Anus (^TH) Artery (sn^ft) Armpit (a t f t fk ) gff® Brain (3r ) f TFT Bile (efTêt) ftxT Belly ( i r#) ^ t e ( w f t ) Back-bone ^ ^ [ f f f Breast ^ ( ^ f t ^ ) Beard (fao^) ^ f Back (tcp) i t e Bone («fR) Blood ( Buttock ( rsHfi) Cartilage Chest Embryo Face (^RT) Fist Gullet (Tiê) Gum (im) Hand (t^s) Heart (f l£) Heel (fler) Hair Intestine ( i ^ e r ^ r ) Index finger ( t ^ R i ffiR?) Jaw (Tiff) Joint ("c^Rte) Knee Kidney ( f W f t ) Lap Liver (f^re) Little f inger (feTSc! fffnR) Collar-bone (ctfeR Cheeks (^torr) Chin ( f to) Dens Serotinous a raH^g

Eye (3rn?) Ear-drum ( t ^ ^ ? ) chulqen Eye-lid (an^fcns) wrcp Eye-lash (3TTf^T) Ear ( t ^ ) <?>R ElbOW (TJe f) Eye-ball affa TjcTcft Eye brow (an^ «ft)

( g^ r eft)

"PFTef

•feci

rra ^

uH-dl THtf

"TTeT

Finger (ftR?) ?Taj ^ Îgcft Foot ( i fs) ^ Forehead (i^ktss) c^ne Phalange ( ^ r a ) Pore (^frc) 7R Palm (TJR) Pulse (trar) ^ Penis ( ^ r e ) fcm Ring-finger ( t ^ r f ^ R ) aniftcbi Rib (for) tto^ Shoulder (s iWy) ^Ftn Soul OTTRT SnOUt (Wlvid) S£JR Skull (-*EjieO ^ r f l Stomach ( w w ) T fc r f t ^ Sole (#c7) Teicn Spleen ( ^ t o ) Skin (fcjR) Saliva (*MI$C||) ^T? Lip (fcR) Lung (eR) tFvî Lock (effcp) cfTcff^cTg Muscle (TpRra) ggT, rkh^Ti Moustache TJE Middle-finger ("Prgcilq^R) ^ R i ^ i Mouth (ttt st) Neck (^fcp) t t ^ i Navel ^ Nose Nipple (f PTef) ^ n p Nostri l ( H I R < H ) âpn Nail (êi) . ^ t t^ t Palate ( M e ) CTT Temple ( t ^ ra) C F T ^ I

Thigh (arr ) wet Toe(et) Trachea (tf^rai) WFF^t Throat i f n Tooth (âj) ^tcf Tongue ( ^ i ) T^R Thumb (aw) tf'jBT Trunk (t<J>) Vein (^R) ^rt Waist (iRs) cptr Whiskers (fcRcjRf) Wrist (fore) ^ k ^

<128

AILMENTS AND BODY CONDITIONS A b o r t i o n ( ^ i s i n ) A g u e A c i d i t y ( T j f a f e S O A s t h m a (3TWTT) A c n e ( t ^ ) A l b i n o ( ^ f e R t ) A n a e m i a ( T ^ r a i j A n o r e x i a (trt^frt) B r o n c h i t i s B e r i - B e r i ( i l f f - t f t ) B o i l (wracT) B a l d ('^Tog) B l i n d B i l e B r e a t h (star) B l e e d i n g ( ^ T f ^ r ) C o u g h C o r y z a (chlRvHi) C a t a r a c t C o n s t i p a t i o n C a n c e r C h i l l C h o l e r a (cbTVwi) C o n s u m p t i o n D i a r r h o e a ( toRUT) D r o p s y ( ^ t f f ) D a n d r u f f ( t ^ F ) D i a b e t e s ( ^ R t t S t a ) D i s l o c a t i o n ( f ^ ^ d l ^ v n ) D u m b ( ^ r ) D y s e n t e r y ( ^ i ^ t ) D i p h t h e r i a ( f e s s f r f c i n ) D e n g u e ( ^ J j D e b i l i t y ( t f a f M t ) E c z e m a ( W r t a T ) E p i t a x i s ( " ^ f c R r o ) E p i l e p s y F r a c t u r e F a i n t i n g ( M R ) F e v e r ( ^ r ) F i s t u l a ( f ^ ^ c H i ) Flu(q^) G l a n d ( ^ t e )

^ cfPfT "Efff

TMT 3RJ! ftrl "tfRT

cpT eTTT

frfcRITfsF? cfmiT

%vxTT sra arf^rrN uTcfRY

" fTf cpj vJd-HI TJfTT

^ M t f f

\

W i

frpff

-km TrtR

G r i p i n g G i d d i n e s s ( f t ^ m ) H u n c h b a c k e d ( s M d ^ ) H u r t ( ^ ) H u n g e r ( l ^ r c ) H i c c u p ( f ^ s r e ) H e r n i a H o a r s e n e s s H e a d a c h e H e p a t i t i s ( ^ r f e T r ) I t c h I n d i g e s t i o n ( ^ i ^ y n ) I t c h e s ( ^ m ) I n f l a m m a t i o n ( S H ^ S H ) I n s o m n i a I n f l u e n z a ( ^ f ^ v n ) J a u n d i c e ( x S r f ^ T ) L e a n (<?R) L e u c o r r h o e a ( f ^ c h l R i i i ) L a m e ( e R ) L u n a c y ( c ^ W f ) L e p r o s y ( ^ i M f ) M e a s l e s M u m p s (^qwrrt) M a d M o l e M a l a r i a ( ^ RAII ) N a u s e a (hIRhaii) O b e s i t y O n e - e y e d (cR-3TT^§) O t t o r r h o e a ( a n ^ r f c m ) P i m p l e (f^RTd) P h l e g m ( ^ v R ) P r i c k l y H e a t P a i n ( ^ R ) P n e u m o n i a ( f ¥ f r f ^ n n ) P i l e s ( m ^ c v i ) P a r a l y s i s (^mi^R-m) P y o r r h o e a (miR<ji) R i n g W o r m S h o r t - s i g h t ( t t t £ Tnrfe) S m a l l p o x (ttfTef-'qRFfl) S t o o l S p r a i n ("RR)

•R rs 3TRT gnTSJ

3TRT

TTeJT TT ftR cpl ^

^ R ^ ^ 3?RI

^ icn

WTePR cPTg

WTd W

^ t R^cHI ^ cf^n tPRT cPR WFT

W R

^ fWrfror

cPT

ft^T/^ff

<129) y

Sun-stroke (TR-^<J>) Scabies (^Mtvi) Stomach-ache

Stone ( ^ R ) Sore ("#?) Swelling (>&|RHR) Sweat Typhus (^T^R) Tumour (e^R)

c^oRRT ^vHc l

Ae ^

•qarff

R#RT "spran^R

Tuberculosis

Tracoma ( ) Tonsil (eiR-iet) Typhoid ( e r ^ n ^ ) Ulcer (3T?*R)

Urine Vomit (^fifte) Wound (^g) Yawning (#fRR)

d^lftcb

^MtgRi WT5T

"EJvRT

RELATIONS Aunt (3TF5) Adopted daughter

Adopted-son (x^^ifes'm) Bride-groom ( W T ^ - T J R )

Bride (sfT^g) Brother (w^?) Client (cMisjrf) Concubine ( c h u ^ ^ H ) Customer (cM-ei-R) Daughter (^te?) Daughter-in-law

Disciple ( f e w r a ) Father (TPRY)

Friend ( f t^ ) Father-in-law

Grand-father (TTfe-WR?) Grand-mother (TTrg-TR?) Grand-son Guest (%e) Heir (&JR) Husband Landlord Lover (H^R) Mamma ( trt) Maternal grand-father

Maternal grand-mother

•gsn, ^Ml ,

tft

M i ffcn

^RT

^RTI

vPfkR M t 3FRT RR7

"RTfl

\

Maternal uncle (*)e4o1 ofcP l) Maternal aunt ( ^ f c T 3TT5) Mistress Mother ("R^) Mother's sister ("R^rf ftree?) Mother-in-law (T^ - IR-c f t ) Nephew ( ^ p j j Niece (^ra) Own (atR) Patient ( M e ) Pupil (^f tef) Preceptor ( t M ^ ) Pleader (^ f rsr ) Relative (fojfeg) Step-son (^r- t r) Step-father ( ^ q - R ^ ) Step-mother (~>£q - r ^ ) Step-brother (-^q-fRR) Step-sister ( ^ - f t R e * ) Step-daughter ( ^ q ^re?) Son (tr) Sister (ftrcsr?) Son-in-law Sister-in-law (•Rrfe^-^T-cTi) Teacher Uncle (atcPei) Wife (cfTfTj>)

"RRT

"RTRt

•R? •m

R^rti , Rrar

TRT

YfTf

" f ^RR

•clFR

MT

Weft, RP?I, "RR,

irrar Reft

<130) y

Tiring-woman

Tir ing-room

Satin

Scarf (wpfr)

Shawl (f ira)

Saree ("*tt?I) Serge

Sheet (tfte)

Shirt (TT£)

Silk

Stockings (^IRMMI;

Sleeve

Suiting (^qfi*7!)

TO

"TfTuT

wi <f>q*n

Shirt ing (?TfSq)

Socks (WcRT)

Stays

Stripped Mule

Tape ( tq)

Towel (zract)

Tunic (e^Pich)

Thread ( ^s )

Turban

Uniform

Velvet (ifc^s)

Veil ( t d )

cfq ^j^rsi

^ r f w

q?RT

^rfeRT

yTqi

q ^ , fnqn

H^sRd

ORNAMENTS AND JEWELS Anklet (^cFcte)

Armlet (srrfcte)

Bracelet

Belt

Bangle

Brooch (^q)

Cat's eye 3n|)

Chain ( * R )

Clip (f!>dq)

Coral (cj Rcf)

Diamond (itrpts) Ear Ring

Emerald

Gold (TjtcS)

Girdle (^r i^)

Head Locket ( t z

Jewellery

Locket ( o f r ^ )

qT ra

eUvjJe)

civqq

TfFft 3 cRFl ydvHRsid "PR

T l c t ^ t e f t

fm

crrc t

q^n

fRT

uMljNId

ddcJH

Medal ( t ^ i ) dHJll

Necklace (^cRT)

Nose-ring (%jr f rq)

Nose pin ( i f a ftq) •iich chi chid, cfR

Opal (3Ttqd)

Pearl (q^)

Pebble (x^d) family

Ring (#n)

Ruby ( ^ t ) TTfura

Sapphire ( w r r )

Silver

Stud (^es) ch vH cbl driH

Tiara (-fe3TRT)

Topaz (cTfqfijf)

Turquoise ( d ^ i ^ ) ftwlvHI

Wreath (%>?) TTen

Wristlet (fcRnte) cfrsi

Zircon ( ( N ^ H )

CLOTHES AND WEARING APPAREL

\

Alpaca (3)<HMchi)

Banian (CIPKJH)

Belt ( M )

Blanket (v foz )

Bodice

Border (#£?)

Brocade (irt%^)

Broad Cloth (sfrgMraj)

Brassiere (irxAzr?)

Breeches (tftftjsr)

Brace ( M )

But ton (em)

Cal ico (fcftraft)

Cashmira (cpnfRr)

Chester Osfte?)

C a p ( M )

Canvas

Chintz

Clothes (cFefrâ)

Coat (<tfie)

Crepe (ilR)

Cushion

Chemise (Trftei)

Cloth ( M m )

Cloak (MTcP)

Collar ( PTeR)

Darn ("SFf)

Damask ( ^ P R R )

Deep co lour (^fa <PeR)

Drill (1M)

Flannel (lkhi h) Frock (wfcp)

^ ip -^ f -ft ^ T ZRT

dfHillH

3TPRT

RhHKI

RhR-aicj

eRR

MlilvHIHI

ftf^RT

eRR

eRfl cpte

ewl

ftRftxf

tfte

C P R

ciiylct) chqgl

tst *fRT

WeR

XflR^TPft

TT

i cHlcftH

Garters (^rr^rf) ftfiro

Gloves O'efM) e w ^

Gauze ( w ) ^nc¥l

Gown ( ^TRR) ^ T R T

Hat (%e) eta

Handkerchief ^Rra

Half Pant wfom

Hem (IN) iRvSt

Jacket (T^Pe)

Jersey ^Rff

Jamper ( W R ) T^RR

Knicker (ftcfR)

Lace (eRi)

Laces (effttui)

Lappet (etfe) ftraR

Light co lour (HiêêR) f ^ t r

Loin Cloth (HffR ^ a r )

L in ing (HisjPm) 3r?r

Linsey Woolsey (toRT^-gcnSt) ^ r i t ^ ^

Loop (cJT) t p^ i

Long Cloth (cTR ^

Mattress ( ^ h ) ^

Musl in (TRffcR) HcHHd

Mat

Muff ler (WcT?)

Neck-tie (-WeiiO eTi

Napkin (^taftn) 3r"TC5t

Oil Cloth (atfcra c^m) fRXHRT

Overcoat (artawle) epsj Pte

Pett icoat (^Sfcpte)

< T 3 i >

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Bag Pipe ( t q w O Banjo (t^fi) tfcfi Bell ( t d ) Bugle (ejjttcT) R'Jd Cymbal (Rhhh) Clarion (c^Rah) Clarinet' yijHI^ Drumet Drum (^q) did, H'll-sSI Flute ( q ^ ) elT-y l Guitar (fq^R) RMK Gong (Tffq) WT

Gourd flute qcp) f R Harp ^Fi Harmonium (itRqtfroq) w r t f t ^ q Jew's harp (-^5TfTtf) ^ f t Piano ("fqarpfT) f^Fft Sarod TRte Tabor (teR) Tambourine ( t ^ f R i ^ ) Tom Tom (^rq^q) ^tcnp Violin (cfRf^R) ^Twt, "ifcTT Lute (ejp) "Rrtr Whistle

HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES Almirah (QdffcKi) Ash (" 97) Attache Case Axe ( ^RT)

Ash-tray t )

Basket (<ji>kb<±) Bedsheet (irsVik) Blanket (^ f f r? ) Bowl (erre^) Bobbin (cnftR) Brush (sRT) Bucket (qfo^) Balance (teTRi) Bed (*g) Bed-stead (irg-^feg) B o x (WRRT)

Bolster (ci id*^) Bottle (^fen) Broom (^q) Button ( c j ^ ) Candle (%fcgci) Carpet ( C F R ^ )

Cauldron (<ftd^H) Chest Chair

s^mrfl

R-wi ci eft "TO w l cf>T qra

3R5T

efTc l

TteJ dRhill cfRToT, VlWf

cTST Tfrn^i

Chimney Comb (^ftq) Curtain Casket (cwR<be) Cooking gas ( ^ q % r ) Candle stick Canister Censor ("^RR) Churn (^rf) Chisel ( f e ra ) Chandelier (W^sfcPR) Cup (cpq) Cushion Cabinet (%f!r^) Dish (f%rn) Door-mat ( ^ R ^ ) Drawers ( I T S R ^

Electric stove

Electricity ( W ^ f M ) Fan Fire Place ( W R ^ ) Fork (iftcfc) Funnel (qRd) File (tpT^cf) Flour Mill (lmm>{ "f ra)

ftq^ cfTETI

Ri'lKtJIH

yiHicjiH ^TRR

WFJH, 3TF5

TOf eft 3idqT$ "Rcmfl MliJclM

TOT

cpfcTT

3TTcT eft

(133)

/ Frying Pan (TPT |R^R)

Flower-vase ( W R ^ ) Fuel (R^cf) Grate ( te ) Hubble Rubble (fRel-TRet) Hammer Hand-pump (|rg-RR) Iron plate (3TR7R^te) Iron (3TR7R) ICe-bOX effcRl)

Jar (vHR)

Jug (wr) Key Oft) Knife (RiftP) Kettle ( t o ) Kerosene Oil (MrftR sfcra) Ladle (#Scf) Lock (cftcp) Lamp (cRr) Lid (fere) Looking Glass (ejRb'l TefRT) Mat ( M ) Mallet ( M e ) Mortar Match box ( T ^ R T T O )

Mattress Mackintosh (SlfWlvi) Mirror (f*R?) Newspaper ( ^ r t m ) Needle ( t e ? ) Nut-cracker (Re M r ) Oil (sftoH) Paper (M?) Pastry Roller YteR) Palanquin Picture ("teR) Pan ( * i )

V

f i R

w

f a M RRf w r

M^GP^RR RTJRT

" f t f tRRM

eR}

VMr, arrtRT

wer^

^ c f , aft^ft •f TRTcTTf f%f«RT

MraR l VMl TRTETR "cp5f

¥ MRT M RRRvR M r MMcfl < r M cRTen, RJeT f

Pastry Board Pestle ( M h ) Phial (tpRef) Pitcher (fRSR) Pillow ( IMl ) Pillow Case (1Mt Mr ) Plate (^re) Pen ( M ) Pincers ( fMt f ) Pot (RTe) Probe (Mi) Quilt ( f t^e) Rope (^tR) Sack (tR>) Screw Driver ( ^ ^ i ^R ) Shovel (?Tcra) Soap ( # r ) Sauce-pan ( # # R ) Swing (foR) Saucer ("WRR) Spitoon (foreR) Stool ( ^e l ) Scissors Sieve (#R) Sickle (ftRPef) Soap-case ( # r M i ) Safe Stove (';feta) Spade Stick ( t o ) Spoon (T^T) Thimble Tooth Brush Tray ( t ) Tap (%R) Table ( t ^ ) Tongs (eK i ) Tooth-Powder (<j«r mi^) Tumbler (eRcR) Wire ( w ) Wick ( f M )

^0011

TfMr, efr^r

•ETST

tMi^p

W l

MR "TTcRl

M l , M t MRRT M r t TTTfR

tftcpcJM f?TRT|

c i ^ TRfR^nft f M r f l ^

W S 1 T^fl

\

^Rff RR f?T ajTcft ReT M fERer ^rTRyR Wf f cTR

<m> /

MINERALS L e a d (trs)

M a r b l e ( ^ n ^ d )

M e r c u r y xfRT

M i c a ("TT^cpT) 31TO

M u s c o v i t e

M i n e O r t ^ t )

N a t r o n flu^l-islK

O r p i m e n t ( s n f ^ )

P l a s t i c c l a y (MiR-ecj, g^r)

R O C k Oi l (TRP SfRJd) iflcH tlsClfcHil HI

R e d o c h r e ( ^ s srfaR) ^Ro

S h a l e ( ? T d )

S i l v e r ( f ^ R ) ylrv WRl

S t e a t i t e ( ^ t e r ^ e )

S t e e l ( ^ t a ) Iridic! S u l p h u r ( w j r )

T i n ( f t * ) TFTI

T o u c h - s t o n e c I R M

V e r m i l i o n ( c r P t s r ) R H ^ W h i t e - l e a d {wtz^s) "M cJI Y e l l o w O c h r e ( tefr s t feR)

A n t i m o n y

A r s e n i c ( s r t f t e )

B r o n z e (sfFyT)

B i t u m e n ( f % T R )

C i n n a b a r

C o p p e r S u l p h a t e

( W R I T E S )

C h a r c o a l ( W R ^ r a )

C o p p e r (cftxR)

C o a l

C o r n e l i a n ( cp t i f eRH)

F l i n t ( f t x fe )

F u l l e r ' s e a r t h 3ral)

G r e y t i n (Tt f s q )

G r e y C o p p e r (Tt w r )

G o l d (TfTeS)

I r o n o r e ( 3 t r r ^ 3 tR )

I r o n ( 3 n w ! )

K e r o s e n e o i l

( JRHTH arwcT)

^TRT irf iun csrar ftraKSta •Rr^j? cjf rar

OTÎ 357 RTcTT cFM •qRST? <F( cftiJcil

W T O TOR êldl^ foft

YFT1 ^Yf crNT

eftfl CTTFT tqfr cPI^f

PLACES, BUILDINGS AND THEIR PARTS 1. B U I L D I N G S

A v i a r y (T^RRT^)

B a r r a c k ( t r o )

B o o k i n g o f f i c e ( f f ^ T af f f tR i )

B u i l d i n g ( f ^ f c ^T )

B u n g a l o w (CFIHI)

C h u r c h ( r t f )

C l o i s t e r ( c f c n w > 0

C o t t a g e )

C o l l e g e (CPT^TOT)

F a c t o r y (%Efeff)

F o r t ( n & i )

G y m n a s i u m ( t u F R S n m )

H o s p i t a l (ÎR-Mdd)

H o u s e

•mq

TOI

•fTR TI ^R

STfanfl'

H lRlsUlelAJ

cpR^RT

"f dT

SRCRTTcl

I n n (i*t) I c e - f a c t o r y ( a n ^ n

L a b o r a t o r y ( ^ e f l )

L u n a t i c a s y l u m

(c^fcrcR-amifcm)

L i b r a r y ( H T f t f i )

M a g a z i n e ( ^ i . J f tH )

M o s q u e

M u s e u m ( ^ f v R m )

O r p h a n a g e (a f r fc^H)

O c t r o i p o s t

O f f i c e (affftRT)

P a l a c e (tTeRT)

P i c t u r e h o u s e ( f t i R ^ n )

P o s t o f f i c e 3 f f f ^ e )

Ixji^RT

YWFRTIdT

-j-in^Mii

w

"STcpER

jg35)

X School ( ^ r ) Slaughter-house (Mte^ fra^i) Temple (tRcf) University Urinal ( RHCH) Zoo (j*) 2. THEIR PARTS Attic (^fM) Ante Chamber (M MR) Arch (3rrEf) Beam (Mi) Bathroom (RiaRR) Bar (RR) Bracket ( t I M ) Courtyard (RMtrri) Corbel (<*>lM) Cement (Mfc) Cornice ( M M ) Chimney (fMft) Door ( M ) Door-frame ("M Drain (M) Dais (^sum) Door-sill ( M 1 M ) Dome (Mr) Floor (MR) Foundation (ifcivUsn) Fountain ( w ^ i ) Granary (Mff) Gutter ("Re?) Gallery ( M f t )

1MTCW

RRR^TRT

fMIMiera

sreifr

M r f r

tRR

WS

RMRTI

3TFR

M f c

MR RR TTvH SJ3RcF?T

ci^clMI

Mae

^Mt

w

t M

Mr

M HIcHI

MTRRT

X

Hearth (?af) Kitchen (1Mh) Lattice (^fM) Lime ("Mr) Latrine ( ^ M ) Niche (fM) Platform Plinth (fMer) Peg (M) Plaster ) Portico (MllSch)) Peep-hole (MM=0 Room (wr) Rafter (%Re?)

Railing ("M*T) Roof ( w ) Sitting room (%feR wr) Steeple Shed (MO Store-room ( ? M Stair ( M j r ) Storey (?Mr) Threshold ( s^Ms) Tile (er?ci)

Terrace (Mr ) Underground cell (sre^rrMs M )

Ventilator ( M t c M ) Verandah (M^sr) Window (fM£)

apMf

Mrf^R

M t

^TT

e f t

STTcTf

^cRT

^ P

RcR?R cR^Ml

MRRI

?I?M

wr

tep

Mtr

^cftvH

•QRM

M ^ f ^ r

cf WRT

MtrTR RTpfRTf

Rsl cft

< 1 3 6 ) /

X STATIONERY \ Almirah (^crf^Ri)

Blank-paper (*3icp ^m)

Blott ing-paper

xltre)

Bench

Bodkin

C o r k ("EPT£)

Card (gn^)

Copying pencil

(wftrfn

Call-bell (cpra t d )

Compass

Clip (fcfOT)

Crayon (tP^R)

Carbon-paper ^ r )

Counterfoi l (cbivi>e>< )

Drawing-pin ft*)

Divider ( f t g r?^ )

Dictionary

Daily-paper Aq?)

Eraser ( ? ^ R )

Easy-chair

Exercise-book

( W R O T ^ f ^ )

File (wfe i )

Glue

Gum (*q)

Holder

Ink ( f ^ )

3TeRT?!

-H^dl

Ira

XRcFR

PRuT

3TTS?r T ^ k , JTTsn

^ i f q f t *

qcpR

^ftcp q?t

TcTS

3TRR gRft

^nf r

Ink-pot ( t ^ - q f t )

Ink-pad ( t ^

Ledger (cW?)

Magazine (#q>#R)

Map (%q)

N ib ( f t ^ )

Paper

Packing-paper (^tf^q-^tq?)

Pen (^R)

Paper-cutter ( ^m

Pin ( f t * )

Pin-cushion ( f t * <pR)

Punch (xra)

Pencil (xfRrd)

Paper-weight

Protractor ( t f f c f ^ )

Ruler

Receipt book (fttfte < P)

Register

Rubber-stamp ( w * ^ q )

Slate

Seal (#cf)

Tracing Cloth ( t ^ R ^ f m )

Tape( tq )

Tag ( tq )

Tracing paper

Writ ing Pad ( ^ f t q ^ )

Waste-paper-basket

(•ER5 xPR cl^fche)

qftcm

cPRvH

^PcR

cbMlvH

3TTc7ft*

STlcfftq cRft ^

cPY eft ThSRft

iprq^^rra

^rr^T

ficR

" ^ ^ f t f t l R

fete

ft^t^pq^i

xftrTT

cftcHcJK ^tf t

3TTO cpRvH

eft q f i

Ttr eft^fepff

<137>

/ T O O L S \

\

Axe (Mh) Awl (AM) Auger ( M R )

Axis ( HHNH) Anvi l ( M F M )

Anchor ( M f R )

Balance ( M n )

Bar-share (RR M R )

Bellows (MLYI) Bead plane ( M M r )

Bagging hook ( M r r ^ )

Blow-pipe ( M M * 0

Cone ( M i )

Clamp ( M R )

Compass

Colter ( M e ? )

Cleat ( M T E )

Chisel

Drill ( f M )

Dibble (fMra)

Fishing rod ( f q M r M )

File

Fast ( w e )

Gauge ( M )

Hammer (t*R)

Hand saw ( M # )

Jack-plane ( " M M r )

Lever (<fore)

Loom (ep)

Lathe ( M I )

Lancet ( # M )

Mortar ( M ? )

Mallet ( M O

jfc-Sli), M l

t j a n

"ERRT

1MTt

c M

qMf

sjfMl

cj i-cTl

eft Pi All, fy

M l

?TTcf

iMtRRTCTf

TfM Cpl T R

faMl , f a M

ETeM eft M l

M r M i ^ s

RtR elMt eft Mt O W c l

Needle point

( M e i

Oar (M) Oil-mill ( M r a l M )

Pruning shear (TJpFT fM?) Plough share (•cire; Mr) Plumb line ( w eTT r)

Plough

Razor (M?)

Rebate Plane ( f t M M r )

Rasp(trt) Rudder (^5?)

Smoothing plane

Sickle ( fMc i )

Scissors (RH.VJKI) Sugar mil l (Y^RIM) Screw-driver ( ^ ^ i f g ? )

Stock and dies

^5TZRT)

Syringe ("RrfM)

Saw (-tfi)

Spade (Ms)

Screw (?*£)

Spanner ( M R )

Trying plane (^ifR M l )

Try square ("5T? ?M3R)

Tooling plane (M^M t ) Trowel (era^O

Vice (rti??)

^ T , MdclK

ePT W

" RRT

M n , M l M i

M i s t e r

^l-vTl

M t MI RTcTI MRRI r tMI I

M r a M

a M

^RTeT, TpicTfl, MRT

M M eft M l

^gfMi

M i M

r M I

M , fyIcHvH!

<138) y

WARFARE Army (srpff) Armaments (3rmf#CTr) Ammuni t ion (i Pujh) Atom bomb (êq •#}) Aggression (art?H) Auxil iary force

Atomic Warfare (SRTfiRP Armour (armre) Attack (aftcp) Anti-aircraft gun

WfPTTC^H) Battle field Battle-ship (têf %q) Bombardment (eNÎ^'d) Blockade ( cfrct s) Belligerent Nation (^lel'KC

Battle ( ^ c f ) Blood shed (^ns f rs) Bomb ("#?) Brute force q^ntf) Bullet (fete) Cartridge (cbw^) Cavalry (%qef?[) Cannon-ball

Campaign ( ^ R ) Commander-in-chief

Conscript ion

Civil-war ( fafc^qR) Cannon (%qq) Cease-fire (^flra w r )

^Ri

SFjqq

\

cf ra 3HfhHul

c l l ^H cfrq

W T M T

cR aTTtPRTTT HlcbN-41 eTS cfTcTT

qq ^Mf

tj-sw-wu itfi Ttq cPT tefT

^HNfcl

fcRR

Combatants ( ) Demolization (•HICHIH) Defence Ministry (f^fRT ftPi*-^) Destroyer Defence Service

Expedit ion ( W T M ? R ) Enemy ( ^ n f l ) Explosive-Bomb

Fortif ication Field Marshal (qStegqrcfa) Fighter Guerilla (^ f^T) Gas-mask Gun-powder ( t r qra^?) Land-force (3rs-q>Rf) Mutiny ( ^ f t ^ t ) Machine-gun (qyTH'H)

Navy ( ^ f ) Operation (siTm m) Prisoners-of-War (fitvR^-ami-ifR) Provisions (TftfeRH) Recruitment ( R s ^ ' d ) Seize ( # 3 ) Strategy ( ^ e ^ ) Submarine (f iqqfR) Troops (^RI) Treaty

Torpedo boat ( z T ^ t cte)

^ q q

ên qpfaifl

arfqqR, q aTR

£RT% r q ^ " iTen qq

ftcfR^t ^RT qq qtIR arftqqft

cTglf cqgqR

q R ^ iteci

faTr?

qTc i cfrq

^ "qfcl ^p fq^ t

qtviR WT?fr

•ERT

f i f q f o r a MH - I " RT

<139) y

IN THE HOSPITAL Hospital (^iR^dd) Clinic (f^Pich) Doctor (Me?) Nurse ( M )

Operation Theatre f§iM?) Children Ward Bleeding ( M f M ) Medicines (AteR-m-i) Pill

Blood Pressure Urine Test Blood Test ("Serstre) Compounder (RTRRVJU^?)

Patient Ward ( M r c M ) Emergency Ward (fR?Mt M ) Ladies Ward ( ^ M r M ) Dead Body, Corpse

Injection (MR?TR) Mixture (M?TR?) Temperature (£MR?) Stool Test t?e) Sputum Test (?*?jeR t?e) Ambulance ( M g M ) Dose ( M F )

Thermometer ( M f M ? ) Injured Syrup ( M R ) Syringe ( fa lM)

Anaesthetist (M?afrMe)

Anaesthesia (MtcMrt) Anaesthetize (arMsreTM)

\

fMMmera Ul^^d oMlTcTO RjRboHcb ?tfMf Rft w RRT RTcft RR><HI yicilRhiJI RR RfR?T

R M R R R>!H

R J R T

MrfSr

e M M f t ?RTTRTR

TJR Msrn

^ M ^ t M RToTF Mf l R>«1

ftMf R R R * S T

crm M r 3TR fRSPR dlMRH e#[RRM«T<R RcTRR M«R M f RT?R

RRRTRR5

M c i fMra eRT RlRboHI^MftRM r i # M n M i MRTRMrtht ftrfMfTR)

• G A R R R T

Bandage ( t f M ) Bottle (MCT) Wheel Chair M ? ) Orthopaedic (anstf^fM) Physician ([ RHRWH) Specialist (?MfMe) E.C.G. ( ^ . M M )

Fracture ( M r ? ) Dispensary ( f M r M l ) Maternity Home

( • rMMI M ) Cotton (R5feR) Stretcher (?M?)

Plaster (w*e?) Surgery (?rM^) Surgeon (?M?)

Ophthalmic (3RRM*TR*) X-ray ( W K * )

O.P.D. (art M M ) Unconscious

(3TRMTTI?I) Antibiotic ( M M ^ t f M ) Stethoscope (?£MMr)

Capsule (MRJ?T)

Postmortem Room

Analeptic ( ^MfM?) Disease ( f e M i )

RM R? RMt

Rfltff RTcft

M P F I M T T R

HrfMFfR) M w RR MM Mspi i f tRR^eWRF eRraiRI, MtTTeTR v5T5R "ER

M Mft M TJR> uFT? ?f ^ M f TRR? ?ainwRd R M ^ t M t RH?d? Mrr? MRS M RTcR 1Mh?TR) 3TR3 faRFT ^ TTRR? eft ?f?R W 1MR RT?J Mliil' RR MRR

cftdlUj ^ n M k eft yrsRR gR^ trM ST?T UMT MRI vM RTen M eM ?M RR • M l £IRR> 7IR RR RvR?l M M % RTR dlchd Mnfr

< T 4 0 )

PROFESSION AND OCCUPATIONS Actor (^fe?) Advocate (i?MrM) Agriculturist

Artist (anMe) Astrologer (SRMM?) Auctioneer (af iMM?) Accountant (areMee) Author ( M r ) Auditor ( M M ? )

Artisan (3ttMr) Agent ( M e ) Blacksmith (CCWR-HSJ) Baker ( M ? )

Bakery ( M M

Brokerage (Mrt t) Banker ( M ? ) Book-binder (ftp rt^s?) Bookman (^JMT) Butler (Ren?) Boat-man ( M M ) Beggar (M?) Blacksmith ( M p f M i ) Bake ( M ) Broker ( M r ) Butcher (f^rc) Barber (wrr?) Bankrupt (M?<e) Book-seller (^pMr) Boutique ( f M )

Betel-seller (M^MR) Beauty Parlour (egSnflM Brazier ( M r ? ) Confectioner (rrM?r?) Chemist ( M R S )

RRcfi M t a cfRc£

Mrpr

eR3cP fMraRft M-sidlcH CJTEFT fMWR MtIMT

"fMpe, ^Ref-Ml M t Rrari hi-MI^

RMR5T cbK<slHI ^cMr -HI cJJK IM^ttmI •fMra cfTn "RMT?

WRT ^erra

M MMrt

fMcTT M M r % ^rra M ^ M c&!?STR trMI TR Ml R5T ?«TR M i

3TMl W M^l cfTen

Contractor (R>Mie?) Cook (cpfi) Clerk (Mcp) Constable ( M £ f M ) Chauffeur ( M P ? ) Carpentry ( w M e f t ) Carrier (%ftq?) Conductor (RreRe?) Coachman ( M M F ) Compounder ( p r o ) Cobbler (Mra?) Cloth-merchant (MraiMPe) Compositor (rMhM?) Computer Operator (lERTCCp? 3lMe?) Carpenter (cprM?) Cashier (%fM?) Cleaner ( M M ) Carder ( r M ? ) Coolie Doctor ( M R ? ) Draughtsman (^ I^H^H) Darner ( M ? ) Dentist ( ^ i M ) Dramatist (^RiMe) Draper (M?) Dancer ( ^ r r ) Dyer (^r?) Druggist URiw) Driver ( ^ R ? ) Drummer ( ^ r ) Enameller (M^CR) Editor ( M e ? ) Examiner ( t^tMr?)

"Engineer (MrfM?) Fisherman (1Mr^R) Farmer ( w h )

£Mr ??fr?RT fofM

cPT? Ml WlefT cPI cPR clinch

MMT MrfETRM RlefT MFT ePHFH

M 3 3TSR TifrM cTRTT

cb^jd^ WPFRP

M R ? M cncn gfMT HKcii cb

M?e? Rcf?TRMl

MffRR^rae? HldcpcPN WPiT ^TTM cflefl ? T R T T U I , E F M T

^ M M ^ R T e n

Mtppr MsicP MRTT 1Mtr

<141>

/

\

Grocer (#TR) Gate keeper Groom ( ip ) Gardener (î^R) Green-grocer (fHrfnrR) Goldsmith ('iWR-Haj) Glazier (^rfvRR) Hawker (FfaR) inspector (^me^) Inkman Jeweller Juggler (^FICR) Lawyer (cfaR) Landlord Milk-man (facîM) Milk-maid Messenger (^Rr^R) Mid-wife (firs mpft) Merchant Manager Miner (th^R) Mason (^R r) Magician ( f RR) Musician (^Riah) Novelist (HNRH^) Nurse (^rtf) Oil man (strih R) Peon

Porter (^M^) Priest (tfrê) Perfumer (WFjfR) Pedlar ( TScR) Painter Postman (^Re^r) Pilot (Mi^de) Potter ( T O ) Physician (fMurf^RR) Pleader Proprietor ( T r t w ^ )

w f f siKMId "W^fr

^TR VfRTT cTTT cITcTr

cTTCT

iT^Tfr " raster W-fftJR JT iTET t cflcn

cRf cfTeft ^rf^?] cn?cp

^ C A I N I ^

^nRitR^^ncn TT01

TMYCPN

^tftcT

M t cJToTT RTTXiT îRhill, M-jIclinch cliyiJH *TTeTcf> ^ f R

fc tH Hlldcfc

Photographer ( W m m ) ^ t rraT Prose-writer ('sfrMRTfs ) iract^P Poet (trftre) Publisher (uRdûs Principal (fy'R-md) Retailer (ftt^R) Sculptor (-i-chc ev) Shoe-maker ("St-"*^) Stamp-vendor ( ^ q i r ^ r ) Sanitary Inspector ( M f s f r t ^ f ^ ) Sailor ("fT R) Shop keeper ( w r a ^ ) Shepherd Stamp maker(7M%cjr?) Sweeper (^^fm) Surgeon ( ^ f a ) Seeds-man Tanner (t^R) Tailor (tcR) Tenant ( t ^ s ) Tin-man Treasurer(t^R?) Teacher (£TSR)

Trader Tutor (^ff?) Turner T.T.E. Watchman (<JN£H) Washerman (^teR^R) Wholesale dealer (£)d*ld ^feR)

Uchiyich TjyMNIil

^qmiff TTcSRÎ^ cITCTT Tfr rt

^ qTefT

^PFRR

Tens frtF? ^rrai

PTR

ftRTt^R cTTdT

3TSZJTCcf> cymi ! •ER TR ^Tefl

cPTR cfR f cfrar tcTfepS WtSTcP

yt f l artcp CAINI I

Writer eftacfi Watch-maker ti^îvH Water-carrier Waiter (cfs^) tî Weaver ( % r )

(?42)

POLICE DEPARTMENT I.G. (sn^.^t.) H iPi sre*

(Inspector General of Police)

(fTPfcfe? yRêt 31TO "jfcTO)

S.P (t^.Tff.) ^ r o ^ a r ^

(Superintendent of Police)

S.H.O. (TRI. art.) arr^R (Station House Officer)

Sub-Inspector (^ra-^ckiv) "ot s i f^r Assistant Sub-Inspector (arftrefe w - w f t ^ )

Kotwal (cbldciid) Armed Police (an^g ^fcra) Flying Squad (MxHi i Control Room (^ te i "Pfwi cp«f

Theft (dme)

cJelclK

2JFRR

Thief Smuggler (wTerc) Beat Constable

Stabbing O&fthi) D.I.G. ( .3TT

(Deputy Inspector General)

"Eftff

MI'lih! ^q-^Tft frar^

D.S.P. ( ^ . t r t ^ . ) (Deputy Superintendent

of Police)

(fetî T r g ^ ^ s "gfcTO)

Police Station ( ^ t o t & t r ) 8JHT Constable (<KI^«IH) Traffic Police ( t f ^ ^ m )

'gfera

ÎdWId

gfcm

Dogs Squad ( FT

Warrant (c|fc)

Robbery (^rafl)

Dacoity

Pick-pocket (ft^-qTfe)

Murder (TR^)

Cheating

Challan ( * I M H )

Security (RHcNjR<?i)

Investigation (^t^Mtr) C.I.D. (#.3TT|.^.)

(Criminal Investigation

Department)

(ftbf McH s H ^ ^ I H Rsm<9fd)

Tear Gas (£n?%r)

Smuggling (wifctn)

On Bail (3TR %cf)

Under Police Custody

C.B.I.

(Central Bureau of

Investigation)

("tf^H 31TO

Firing

Remand ("Rw^s)

Gang (%r)

<143)

tftfl TTTcf HFTT ^t

vjTFTT, ^ p f l

vHHIHd

f^wm

TfTc t *]<HHI

^wdiw % fen?

SRTcRl f R?

fl^RRT^' ^5RT

/ JUBILEE TABLE \ 1 Year Anniversary (^rcf f i ) clinch wr^ l 25 Years Silver Jubilee vjpicft) 50 Years Golden Jubilee ( ' i W h vipicft) 60 Years Diamond Jubilee

NUMERALS CARDINAL NUMBERS ORDINAL NUMBERS

1 One 1st First 2 Two 2nd Second 3 Three 3rd Third 4 Four 4th Fourth 5 Five 5th Fifth 6 Six 6th Sixth 7 Seven 7th Seventh 8 Eight 8th Eighth 9 Nine 9th Ninth

10 Ten 10th Tenth 11 Eleven 11th Eleventh 12 Twelve 12th Twelfth 13 Thirteen 13th Thirteenth 14 Fourteen 14th Fourteenth 15 Fifteen 15th Fifteenth 16 Sixteen 16th Sixteenth 17 Seventeen 17th Seventeenth 18 Eighteen 18th Eighteenth 19 Nineteen 19th Nineteenth 20 Twenty 20th Twentieth 21 Twenty-one 21st Twenty-first 22 Twenty-two 22nd Twenty-second 30 Thirty 30th Thirtieth 40 Forty 40th Fortieth 50 Fifty 50th Fiftieth 60 Sixty 60th Sixtieth 70 Seventy 70th Seventieth 80 Eighty 80th Eightieth 90 Ninety 90th Ninetieth

100 One/a Hundred 100th Hundredth 101 A Hundred and one 101st Hundred-and-first 200 Two Hundred 200th Two Hundredth

1,000 One/a Thousand 1,000th Thousandth 2,000 Two Thousand 2,000th Two Thousandth

. 1,000,000 One/ a Million 1,000,000th Millionth \ /

/ INDIAN SYSTEM OF NUMBERS One 1 In this system, we put a comma Ten 10 between the 3rd and 4th digits from Hundred 100 the right,afterwards, the numbers are Thousand 1,000 placed in groups of 2, called periods, Ten Thousand 10,000 and a comma is put after each period. Lakh 1,00,000

and a comma is put after each period.

Ten Lakh 10,00,000 47,72,23,60,01,22,895

Crore 1,00,00,000 Forty seven neel seventy two kharab Ten Crore 10,00,00,000 twenty three arab sixty crore one lakh Arab 1,00,00,00,000 twenty two thousand eight hundred Ten Arab 10,00,00,00,000 and ninety five. Kharab 1,00,00,00,00,000 Infinity Ten Kharab 10,00,00,00,00,000 A number that is too big to count. Neel 1,00,00,00,00,00,000 An infinite quantity is endless and Ten Neel 10,00,00,00,00,00,000 cannot be measured. An infinitesimal Infinite 10,00,00,00,00,00,000000 object is too small to be measured.

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF NUMBERS One Ten Hundred Thousand Ten Thousand Hundred Thousand Million Billion Trillion

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000,000 1,000,000,000,000

British 247,237,600,221,895

Two hundred forty seven billion two hundred thirty seven thousand six hundred million two hundred twenty one thousand eight hundred and ninety five.

In this system, the numbers are placed in groups of 3, called periods, and a comma is put after each period from the right.

Note : In England :1 Billion = Million Millions In USA & France : 1 Billion = Thousand Millions

American 247,237,600,221,895

Two hundred forty seven trillion two hundred thirty seven billion six hundred million two hundred twenty one thousand eight hundred and ninety five.

NATURAL NUMBERS (OR) COUNTING

NUMBERS All the numbers starting from ONE are called "NATURAL"

numbers, (i.e.) N = {1,2,3,4,5,6 }

WHOLE NUMBERS

All natural numbers along with ZERO (0) are called "WHOLE"

numbers, (i.e.) W = {0,1,2,3,4 }

EVEN NUMBERS Any number which is exactly

divisible by 2 is called an "EVEN" number. Example : 2,4,6,8,10,14,48,56,120 etc

Note : If the last figure of a number is 0,2,4,6 or 8 the number is EVEN.

ODD NUMBERS Any number which is NOT exactly divisible by 2 is called an "ODD" number.

Example: 1,3,5,7,9,21,125 etc. .Note : If the last figure of a number is 1,3,5,7 or 9,the number is ODD.

<m)

PRIME NUMBERS Any number which is divisible only by 1 and by itself is called a "PRIME" number. The 25 prime numbers below 100 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89 and 97 Note : 2 is the only even number which is prime.

FRACTIONAL NUMBERS : (FRACTIONS)

Any number which is a part of a whole is called a "FRACTION". These numbers are written as 1/2, 2/5, 3/5, 5/6 etc. 1/2 is a part of 1 (whole)

FRACTIONAL NUMBERS & NAMES

Number Name 1/2 a Half 1/3 a Third 2/3 Two-thirds 1/4 a Quarter 3/4 Three-quarters 1/5 a Fifth 2/5 Two-fifth 151/4 Fifteen and a

quarter 5/6 Five-sixths 1/7 a Seventh 1/10 a Tenth 1/20 a Twentieth 1/100 a Hundredth

SQUARES OF NUMBERS Any number obtained by multiplying a number once by itself is the "SQUARE" of the number, e.g. 4x4 gives 16. Therefore 16 is the square of 4. 5x5 gives 25. Therefore 25 is the square of 5.

• d

Squares of Numbers 1-20 Numbers Squares

1 1 2 4 3 9 4 16 5 25 6 36 7 49 8 64 9 81

10 100 11 121 12 144 13 169 14 196 15 225 16 256 17 289 18 324 19 361 20 400

CUBES OF NUMBERS Any number obtained by multiplying a number twice by itself is the "CUBE" of that number. e.g. 3x3x3 gives 27. Therefore 27 is the cube of 3.

6>

DECIMAL NUMBERS Fractional numbers can also be indicated by placing a dot called the "DECIMAL POINT". e.g. the fraction 1/4 can be written as 0.25 1/2 can be written as 0.50 3/4 can be written as 0.75 In English, a point (.) is use instead of a comma when writing decimals. We also say point when speaking the number. The stress falls on the last figure : 15.2 (fifteen point two) If there is more than one figure after the decimal point, we say each separately: 15.25 fifteen point two five 3.142 three point one four two In numbers less than one, for example 0.15, we say zero point one five, point one five or, some times in British English, nought point one five.

/ ROMAN NUMBERS Roman numerals are not widely used, but used often enough so you should be able to

read or interpret them. Following is a table of Arabic Numerals and their equivalent

Roman Numerals.

TABLE OF ROMAN NUMERALS.

Arabic Roman Arabic Roman

Numeral Numeral Numeral Numeral

1 I 50 L

2 II 60 LX

3 III 70 LXX

4 IV 80 LXXX

5 V 90 XC

6 VI 100 C

7 VII 200 CC

8 VIII 300 CCC

9 IX 400 CD

10 X 500 D

11 XI 600 DC

12 XII 700 DCC

13 XIII 800 DCCC

14 XIV 900 CM

15 XV 1,000 M

16 XVI 4,000 MV

17 XVII 5,000 V

18 XVIII 10,000 X

19 XIX 15,000 XV

20 XX 20,000 XX

30 XXX 100,000 C

40 XL 1,000,000 M

\ <H!>

/ The following examples illustrate the use and meaning of Roman Numerals.

1. A Roman Numeral or letter preceding a letter of greater value subtracts from it :

V = 5 IV = 4

L = 50 XL = 40

C = 100 XC = 90

2. A letter preceding a letter of equal of lesser value adds to it.

V = 5 VI = 6

L = 50 LX = 60

C = 100 CXI = 111

3. You will quickly, of course, be able to remember and recognize smaller numbers.

XVI = 16

X (10) + VI (6) = 16

XLIV = 44

XL (40) + IV (4) = 44

XCI = 91

XC (90) + I (1) = 91

For larger number simply examine the numbers and break it down into its elements

and you will readily interpret the number. You will be able to recognize the elements or

parts by applying rules 1 and 2 given above or by looking at the table of Roman

Numerals.

CDXCIII = 493

CD (400) + XC (90) + III (3) = 493

MDCLXXV = 1,675

M (1,000) + DC (600) + LXX (70)

+ V (5) = 1,675

DCXCIX = 699

DC (600) + DC (90) + IX (9) = 699

4. A bar over a Roman Numeral multiplies it by 1,000.

MV = 4,000 V = 5,000

XV = 15,000 XX = 20,000

\ <148>

/ TABLES AT A GLANCE Read from left to right and then from top to bottom to get the desired multiplication.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40

3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120

7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 91 98 105 112 119 126 133 140

8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 136 144 152 160

9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108 117 126 135 144 153 162 171 180

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 121 132 143 154 165 176 187 198 209 220

12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 168 180 192 204 216 228 240

13 26 39 52 65 78 91 104 117 130 143 156 169 182 195 208 221 234 247 260

14 28 42 56 70 84 98 112 126 140 154 168 182 196 210 224 238 252 266 280

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 256 272 288 304 320

17 34 51 68 85 102 119 136 153 170 187 204 221 238 255 272 289 306 323 340

18 36 54 72 90 108 126 144 162 180 198 216 234 252 270 288 306 324 342 360

19 38 57 76 95 114 133 152 171 190 209 228 247 266 285 304 323 342 361 380

20

\

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 7

/ MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS + 1. plus, addition sign 2. positive

- 1. minus, subtraction sign

2. negative

x multiplied by

- divided by; also indicated by

oblique stroke (8/2)

or horizontal line

= equals; is equal to

t is not equal to

= is identical with; is congruent to

~ difference between; is equivalent to

= ~is approximately equal to

> is greater than

< is less than

^ is not greater than

< is not less than

< less than or equal to

> greater than or equal to

a is isomorphic to

is to; ratio sign

: : as used between ratio 00 infinity

* varies as, proportional to

.. therefore

since, because

L angle

L right angle

1 is perpendicular to

II is parallel to

% per cent

0 circle; circumference n arc of a circle

A triangle

• square 1=1 rectangle

[J parallelogram

4 radical sign (i.e. square root sign)

5 sum

f integral

U union

ft intersection

e is a member of; is an element of;

belongs to

— is contained as subclass within

D contains as subclass

{ } set braces

0 the empty set.

II absolute value of; modulus of

<i is a normal subgroup of

M mean (population)

a standard deviation (population)

mean (sample) 5 standard deviation (sample)

TT ratio of circumference of any

circle to its diameter

base of natural logarithms

° degrees of arc or temperature

' minutes of arc or time; feet

" seconds of arc of time; inches

•<SQ i>

MEASUREMENT

2 12 20 144 12

NUMBERS MEASURES = 1 = 1 pair = 1 dozen = 1 score = 1 gross = 1 gross 1 great gross

Unit units units units units dozen

1723 units or

PAPER MEASURES 24 sheets = 1 quire 20 quires 1 perfect ream 10 reams 500 sheets

= 1 ream = 516 sheets = 1 bale = 1 commercial

ream

MEASURING TIME Time is measured through the following facts. It takes 3651/4 days for the Earth to go once round the Sun. It takes 24 hours (one day) for the Earth to make one full rotation on its axis. 60 Seconds 60 Minutes 24 Hours 7 Days 28,29,30 or 31 Days 12 Months 365 Days 366 Days 10 Years 100 Years 1000 Years

= 1 Minute = 1 Hour = 1 Day = 1 Week = 1 Month = 1 Year = 1 Year = 1 Leap Year = 1 Decade = 1 Century = 10 Centuries = Millennium

Note : Fortnight means a period of two weeks.

DENOTING TIME The time after midnight and before noon is referred to as Ante-Meridien (a.m.) e.g. 3 a.m. The time after noon and before midnight is referred to as Post-Meridien (p.m.) e.g. 6 p.m.

MEASURING WEEK Number

of the day 1.

British Indian

Sunday Ravivar

2. Monday Somvar

3. Tuesday Mangalvar

4. Wednesday Budhvar

5. Thursday Guruvar

6. Friday Shukravar

7. Saturday Shanivar

MEASURING YEAR 1. January 31 days 2. February 28 days 3. March 31 days 4. April 30 days 5. May 31 days 6. June 30 days 7. July 31 days 8. August 31 days 9. September 30 days

10. October 31 days 11. November 30 days 12. December 31 days

<151)

Thirty Days have September, April, June and November, February has twenty-eight alone, And all the rest have thirty-one ! Except in a leap year, there's the time when February's days are twenty-nine.

X MEANING OF METRIC PREFIXES Thousand

1000 Kilo

Hundred 100

hecto

Ten 10

deca

Basic Unit 1

Metric units

metre, litre, gram

Tenth 1 '10 deci

Hundredth 1/100 centi

Thousandth A

'1000

milli

MEASUREMENT OF WEIGHT 10 Milligrams (mg) = 1 Centigram

10 Centigrams = 1 Decigram

10 Decigrams = 1 Gram

(1 g. = 1000 mg)

10 Grams = 1 Decagram

10 Decagrams = 1 Hectogram

10 Hectograms = 1 Kilogram

(1 kg. = 1000 g.)

10 Kilograms = 1 Myriogram

10 Myriograms = 1 Quintal

10 Quintals = 1 Metric Tonne

(1 tonne = 1000 kg.)

MEASURING TEMPERATURE Degree Celsius or Degree Centigrade (°C) The most widely used unit of temperature.

There are 100 degrees Celsius between the normal freezing point of water (0°C) and the boiling point of water (100°C).

DEGREE FAHRENHEIT (°F) The unit of temperature

There are 180 degrees Fahrenheit between the freezing point (32°F) and the boiling point (212°F) of water. To convert °F to °C, subtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9.

KELVIN (K) The SI unit of temperature

Absolute zero has a temperature of 0 K (zero kelvin), and one kelvin is equivalent to a degree Celsius. The kelvin scale does not have negative values.

MEASURES OF LENGTH 10 Millimetres = 1 Centimetre (cm.) 10 Centimetres = 1 Decimetre 10 Decimetres = 1 Metre

(1 m. = 100 cm. = 1000 mm.) 10 Metres = 1 Decametre 10 Decametres = 1 Hectometre 10 Hectometres = 1 Kilometre

(1 km. = 1000 m.) MEASURES OF CAPACITY

10 Millimetres (ml.) = 10 Centilitres = 10 Decilitres =

10 Litres = 10 Decalitres = 10 Hectolitres =

1 Centilitre 1 Decilitre 1 Litre

( 1 litre = 1000 ml.) 1 Decalitre 1 Hectolitre 1 Kilolitre

KINDS OF ANGLES

r

(152>

Zero Angle An angle of 0° is called the Zero angle Acute Angle An acute angle is lesser than 90° Right Angle An angle of 90° is called a right angle Obtuse Angle An obtuse angle lies between 90° and 180° Straight Angle A straight angle = 2 right angles

= 180° Reflex Angle A reflex angle lies between 180° and 360° Complete Angle A complete angle = 4 right angles

= 360°

90°

180°

360°

/ PREFIXES FOR UNITS An international unit of measurement used in science SI stands for Systeme International, which is French for "international system". The system of SI units has been agreed for international use, so that scientists around the world can all record the results of their experiments and make their calculations using the same units. One example of an SI unit is the metre. This is the SI unit of length, and equals the distance that light travels in 1/299,792,458 of a second through a vacuum. Light is used as a standard because it has a constant speed.

SI UNITS Basic SI units Derived SI units

Quantity Unit Symbol Quantity Unit Symbol Length Metre m Area Square m2

Mass Kilogram kg metre Time Second s Volume Cubic m3

Electric metre current Ampere A Frequency Hertz Hz Temperature Kelvin K Force Newton N Light Pressure Pascal Pa intensity Candela cd Energy Joule J Amount Power Watt W of substance Mole mol Electric Basic SI units and derived SI units The seven basic units have scientific standards that define the size of the units with great precision. The metre and its standard are given in the entry above on SI units. Other basic units and derived units also have their own entries elsewhere in the dictionary.

potential Electrical resistance Electric charge Radioactivity

Volt

Ohm

Coulomb Becquerel

V

Q

C Bq

All derived units are related to the basic SI units.

DECIMAL MULTIPLES AND SUBMULTIPLES Decimal multiple Decimal submultiple

Name Symbol Multiple tera T x 1,000,000,000,000 (1012) giga G x 1,000,000,000 (109) mega M x 1,000,000 (106) kilo k x 1,000 (103) hecto h x 100 (102) deca da x 10 Using multiples and submultiples Multiples and submultiples allow one unit to be used whatever the amount measured. For example, 1 kilogram (1 kg) is 1,000 grams, and I milligram (1 mg) is one-thousandth of a gram. Large masses are measured in kilograms, and small masses in milligrams, as shown on the

fright.

0 l 3 >

Name deci centi milli micro nano pico

Symbol d c m M n P

Multiple 10

h- 100 (10-2) 1,000 (10-3) 1,000,000(10-6)

1,000,000,000 (10-9) 1,000,000,000,000 (10-12)

Note : kilo means a thousand times hecto means a hundred times deca means ten times deci means a tenth part of centi means a hundredth part of milli means a thousandth part of

COMMON ABBREVIATIONS \ A/c Adj.

Advt. Ans. Aug. a.m.

Amt. Apr. B. Ed. B.C. B.A. B.Com. B.B.C.

Capt. C.I.D.

Co. cm. Col. C/o D/-Dec. D.I.G. Diet. D. Litt. Do.

Dr.

D/o Dft. D.S.P.

Dis. D.L.O. Dpt. E. ECG Ed. Estd.

X

Account 1. Adjective 2. Adjustment Advertisement Answer August (ante meridiem) before mid day amount April Bachelor of Education Before Christ Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Commerce British Broadcasting Corporation Captain Criminal Investigation Department Company Centimetres Colonel (cjrfo) Care of Dated December Deputy Inspector General Dictionary Doctor of Literature (ditto) the same as aforesaid 1. Debtor 2. Doctor Daughter of Draft Deputy Superintendent of Police Discount Dead Letter Office Department East Electrocardiograph Editorial Established

ex. E. & O.E.

Esp. Etc. Feb. Fig. ft. F. Fem. F.o.r. Gen. Gm. G.P.O. H. Hon. h., hr. H.Q. I.A. I.C.U. I.G. i.e. int. Jan. junc. Kc. km. kg. kl. lb. Ltd. lab. Lt. Lt. Gov. Mad. M.D. Min. ml. M.L.A.

Mme. M.P. Mrs. M.B. M.B.A.

M/s.

= Example = Errors and omissions

excepted = Especially = (etcetera) and the other = February = Figure = feet = Fahrenheit = Feminine = Free on rail = General = gram = General Post Office = Hydrogen = Honourable = hour = headquarters = Indian Army = Intensive Care Unit = Inspector General = (id est) that is = interest = January = junction = kilo cycle = Kilometre = kilogram = kilo litre = (libra) pound = Limited = laboratory = Lieutenant = Lieutenant Governor = Madam = Doctor of Medicine = minute = Milli-iitre = Member of legislative

Assembly = Madame = Member of Parliament = Mistress = Bachelor of Medicine = Master of Business

Administration = Messrs

< 1 5 4 >

A misc. M.A. M.O.

Mr. m.p.h. N.B. Neg. No. Nov. O. Oct. Opp. Obj. O.K. Oz. P.C. Ph. D. pm. P.O. P.T. P.T.O. p.c. plu. P.M.

Pt. pt. P.W.D. Q. Qty. qr. Re. Retd. R.S.V.P.

Rd. ref. Rs. S/o Secy. Sec.

miscellaneous Master of Arts 1. Money Order 2. Medical Officer Mister miles per hour (nota bene) Note well Negative (numero) in number November Oxygen October Opposite Object (Okeh) All correct ounce Post Card Doctor of Philosophy premium Post Office Physical Training Please turn over (percent) by the hundred plural 1. Prime Minister 2. (Post Meridiem) Afternoon Pandit Point Public Works Department Question Quantity quarter Rupee Retired (Respondez s'il vous plait) reply, if you please Road reference Rupees Son of Secretary Secondary

Sep. St.

S. Sat. sec. sig. sing. Sub. T.B. Tel. T.O. T.V. tech. tele. tr. U.S.S.R.

U.D.C. U.P. U.S.A. U. U.K. Vid. V.P. V.P.P. V. viz. V.I.P. Wed. W/o W.H.O.

W. w.f. wt. Xm. X Yr. Zn. &

= September = 1. Street

2. Saint = South = Saturday = second = signature = singular = Subject = Tuberculosis = Telegraph = Turnover = Television = technical = telephone = transfer

= Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

= Upper Division Clerk = Uttar Pradesh = United States of America = Uranium = United Kingdom = (vide) see = Vice-President = Value payable parcel = (versus) against = (videlicet) namely = Very Important Person = Wednesday = Wife of = World Health

Organisation = West

= wrong fount = weight = (X'mas) Christmas = numeral for ten = Year = Zinc = (et.) and

\

(155)

/ WORDS WHICH COMMONLY CONFUSE N Accept (3Tcj#e) Except (i cHW) Access (anf^f) Excess (wn^rr) Advice (^CII^-H)

Advise (T^JT^MI) Angel (tjsra) Angle (^Tcf) Accident Incident Affect ( s i t e ) Effect Bad

Bed ( ts) Bail ( t a ) Bale

Bridal (sT Sc?) Bridle (iTfêi) Brake (tcp) Break (sftf) Born Borne (efa) Bear («I3R) Bear Beer (^terc) Birth (*jaf) Berth (era*) Blow ( cfr) Below (t^cft) Buy («rr|) By ( ^ i ) Blue

Blew ( o ) Beside ( f t ^ s ) Besides (fiRTT sxH)

^ j ; "TFt. 3Tf?IcjKn; yqRT.

ttrsn TT; M>tmyf ^n .

wra; MRuiih. fTT.

MiMHd. ^ f t e ; ^ .

cFTR.

ot^n; wrrcftm?!.

^ ^ cR ri.

cf^TRf, uft f TRTEf.

TtcT c TT,' ^tSRT .

Cattle (%cr?f) Kettle ( t o ) Cloth (cfcnar) Clothes (cfvTt vi) Cost (WRS) Cast Caste ( CPTTS)

Cheque (^fr) Check (^P) Canvas (IRCRI) Canvass (t^Tcra) Cite ( w e ) Site (mi?) Card Cord ( w i ) Course (c^rf ) Coarse (ctfrtf) Die ("STf) Die ( w ) Dye Desert (^H^) Dessert

Dear (few?) Deer (^Rre) Dairy Diary (^raft) Dose (^m) Doze (^Tyf) Draught (îrc) Drought (^rae) Elder ( " ^ f ) Older (3TW?) Eligible (^feTWeT) Illegible (^rwcf ) Farmer ( w f t ) Former (xtfrfo)

'TTecP ip TTTT; 3rfiFtaT.

f i t ; tcP ^JldlH cPT 3TT5TI

^cj^l 0M-SI. *M<JM-II cf><HT. w i ^n; cpan; 6TOR. "?«TR; wfii.

VRft. MicjiishH; ftrepji-f^.

; "EFFEN;-PTR W C P T .

•snn. TfRT. "T^Rajef.

% \JtRRT TCf vJfFj

fiftl f^rui.

RlHîji fcT^t ijR-dcbl.

T s; cug Tfcm.

• ST.

^ST; arfsjcp arrg TcTT. ^ r WFf "ZTT1 . 3TPTE. fcfRTH.

<156)

Farm (tprt) Form (TfiW) Fair (%3R) Fare Floor (WR) Flour (tfcTTvJ?) Feet (T te) Feat Gate Gait Ote) Heal (fter) Heel ( f ta) Here Hear ( H o r ) Hole ( t t t ) Whole ( TeT) Herd ( j i ) Heard (^t ) Hair (%*rc) Hare (%3R) Heart Hurt ( j i ) Idle ( a n ^ t ) Ideal (anf^Rra) Industrial (^gft^ra) Industrious ( ^ s f ^ r o ) Luxurious (<Hj^R3TFF)

Luxuriant (cPxgWe) Latter (ete*) Letter (cte?) Lesson (eRR) Lessen (eR?R) Lose (cJst) Loose ( c$h) Marry Merry (^fft) Meet Meat ( #3 )

MSfjMleH

"gtR; ToTT. 'HTST; tffviR.

•pj^' rlcT. an T; tfc.

xWecbU. W 0 ; cjyclHI. " TTef; "TfrJ.

<?T<J5 e-RT; tllcl cPT .

Wf.

Tjpt; ^TRjirf.

"elTcT. ^grrfm. fcTcl. xmra. tcFR; 3TTcT#;

; cpT. ^ f ; 3TSR.

^ T T ; jTc|HI .

"StcTI.

fcran: cj^n.

ftoRT.

Mail Male ( t a ) Not (-qfe) Knot Ote) Naughty Knotty Nice Niece Our (3TT3?) Hour (3TT33R) Practice (trffen) Practise (frffejH) Plan (tcTH) Plane Plain Pale (^T) Pail ( t a ) Popular (^gcR) Populous (if^geRT) Pour (tfR)

Pore (*fR) Prescribe (fawrî) Proscribe Pray (3) Prey (it) Peace (i?Rf) Piece (Tfrfl) Pain ( iR) Pane (iR) Price (TfT^f) Prize ( w i s ) Pair (tore) Pare (ifcR) Peal (iter) Peel (iter) Quiet (cfEfrre) Quite ("WT e)

"STcp.

Tfte.

yHKÎ; HdUci. JltdcJW; cpfe .

FTRT. •sfer.

3TWTRT.

"jf RT.

"SRI eRFIT 13JT; 'q l CT Tj TeTTtTR "TT t cRTRI;

3nfcT cpt vJêHI. T t t f q . ftm ^PRI ; ftqfojr CFvrt .

Tnafal cfi^n.

TTtfcF;

cflHd; :,Jc3I; ^R; TRl.

ufr T; yjt^t; "J7!^ cblriHI; WH cfi n; W^TT.

f&efcbl vidKHI. TTTd; P ttcH.

s

J

/ Rain Reign (î) Rein (^r) Ring (f?n) Wring ( # r ) Route (iê) Root (ê) Right Rite (îfe) Write Roll ( ^ i ) Role ("tfei) Sale (^ra) Sail (" TeT) See ( # ) Sea ( # ) Steal (^tcf) Steel (ôf ) Sing (ftR) Swing ('Rjr) Sensible

Sensitive ("#tftfeci) Suit ("ge) Suite ("qe) Soot(ê) Sole Soul Story (^tft) Storey (^rfl) Stationary ( ^ n f l ) Stationery (t£?r?») Sun (^JR)

Son ( T R )

Sore (^R) Soar ("tfR) Sour (^rra?)

cT rf. TFFTR; TTvII TTjR<1 . cPTR; wfeR.

Pl l-SHI "9T "tRt TT. w f .

flfcl, TPT. feRsRT. WTvT ^rqife-ipl ifTcf tRl. ^neP % W cPT 3ff5RZf. ftsft.

1TRT.

"HRT. SJcTT. ff^TTH; "Ef mcT; Ticr^Rftef.

cfnRt cPTê. chlf^y. "cTeTT; cTefcTI. OTcRT;

^PFFft; cpaiT.

irer.

vT RT; "0IT.

Their ( ^ R )

There (^R)

Tail (tci)

Tale (tei)

Throne (arR)

Thrown (?tR)

Teem

Team (^fa)

Vale

Veil

Vain (cR)

Vein ( iR)

Vacation (3%yr) Vocation

Waste (ifte)

Waist ( i m )

Weather

Whether ( ^ r )

Wear (^RR)

Ware (% j r )

Weak

Week Ofop)

Weigh ( * )

Way (if)

Wine (cfT^)

Vine ( CTT^T )

Wander (cff^)

Wonder (cte?)

Weight (ite)

Wait (ire)

Yolk

Yoke (Tfcp)

cTFT; ISIR ^R.

cm " ct

tjî; l^pl; "^qe.

•RT r.

3TcRPm.

cpTR.

T F R R .

"qft.

WRT; SJRT tP RT.

cfHTufR; côl.

TFTCRT.

T R F F T .

7 R R .

eft eRTT IT «fcT.

3 M R T ^ R T .

T ? R # T T ; 3TTFJRF CFR^TT.

CFJJR; T R .

Tf fSn JR TT.

eft >ir£f.

tlcff eft v^ff (xgft

\

/ ONE WORD SUBSTITUTIONS \ Alien (TjfeRR) A person residing in a country of which he is not a citizen. Anarchy (3HT^) 3NMcbdi Absence of Government, Annual ("âra) wf^f i Happening every year.

Anonymous (3rT%to) 'j^Rm That does not bear the name of the writer. Antiseptic (îiuj^sjcp) ^rcraJ That which counteracts purification.

Aquatic VHCHn Living in (or near) water.

Atheist (arafRe) HiR-d* One who does not believe in god.

Audience (sfffciHT) srmFm An assembly of listeners.

Autobiography (sff^MfRt-TTTtfr) an^wm The life story of a person written by himself.

Amateur (WzfR) W ^ T H T One who pursues some art or sport as hobby.

Autograph (affst-WP) -gg® zrfrfi % I ^ T S R To get signature of some important person in his own

hand writing.

Bankrupt (tfcrre) (or Insolvent) teciifdiii One who cannot pay off his debt.

Biography itfra^l The life story of a person.

Brittle (Hren) jpgRi Liable to be easily broken.

Botany (wfc^t) cm-qfa f rsTH The science of vegetable life.

Barometer (tRffle?) c i i ^ u ^ i i t^tto i f s An instrument for measuring atmospheric

pressure.

Blonde ( ^ u ^ ) h ^rr^t 3 # A beautiful lady of fair complexion and

golden hair.

Cantonment Temporary quarters made for military men.

Catalogue (4?rfHT'i) ^ M d A list of the names of books.

Century ( ^ g f l ) yidi«?i One hundred years.

Colleagues (gMT'XH) ^ - ^ r N n f f Persons working together in the same institution.

Combustible (cb^*<?McH) yêHsTlcH Liable to catch fire easily.

Contagious warmp A disease communicable by contact.

Credulous ( F B ^ C W - I ) C P R m One who believes easily whatever is told.

Democracy w r a ^ Government of the people, by the people, for the people.

Dictionary (ferer^fl) A book which tells what various words mean.

Edible (-qf^ra) ^ ^fpu Fit to be eaten.

Eligible (QRHRHeid) ^fr^J One who is fit to be elected.

Extempore ( i ^ u f w ) d^bicH TTfro A speech made without previous preparation.

Egoist 3Tfcn I A person who always thinks of himself.

Fastidious ( W R ^ R F ^ R A ) ^ R T S U Hard to please.

Fatal Were* That which causes death.

\ (159) /

/ \ Fatalist (tftefaree) One who believes in fate.

Fiend (^ft^s) H^RVIN A most wicked and cruel man.

Germicide (^rifar^s) Substance having power to destroy germs.

Honorary (3 fFÎ ) A post for which no salary is paid.

Hospitable (ÎMfera) OTfas^cmff One who entertains his guests.

Hades ^rrara Lower world beneath the earth.

Hearse Vehicles to carry corpse (dead body).

Holdall (£)d^fd) A canvas bag to hold bedding etc.

Honeymoon ( F F R P ) ^ H K M The first night of a newly married couple.

Hoyden ^dêt) ers^f A very romping girl.

Hydra (¥T^|T) f r w i An imaginary serpent with many heads.

Hypnotism (fenifevH) wrIf fen A science of hypnosis by which a hypnotist can induce an

artificial sleep on others.

Illegal ($dcft<id) srtrtr Contrary to law.

Illegible (^d^fêid) awdîi That which cannot be read.

Illiterate One who can neither read nor write.

Immovable That which cannot be moved.

Inaccessible ( f ^ ar^fMlcra) S T T R Incapable of being approached.

Inaudible ( ^ affffera) That which cannot be heard.

Incredible ( ^ tbR;«id) 3rfSre rcr%J That which cannot be believed.

Indispensable (snOw-i^-Md) 3iPicji4 That which cannot be dispensed with.

Ineligible ( ^ j f o ^ k H ) 3r*fRf Not fit to be elected or selected.

Infallible (îbichdd) awpvf A person who cannot make a mistake.

Insatiable (3H<i^Md) did^fi That which cannot be satisfied.

Inseparable (^H^M^d) 3if3m That cannot be separated.

Insoluble (<H<Hlc^d) srgcRiflcf That cannot be dissolved.

Insurmountable ( ^ m f e ^ r a ) That cannot be overcome.

Invincible (^nRnRHeid) ar^ta Incapable of being conquered.

Invisible ar^rai That cannot be seen.

Irrelevant (s^cWd) aFTifci Not to the point.

Irreparable (sjyR^tid) anrtoRi That cannot be repaired.

Irritable (^Riefd) Ri-ssRi si One who is quick to anger.

Kindergarten ( f e s n T ^ ) f T jaff "ept A school for kids.

Kidnap ( f ^g^ j ) 3W£>iui To carry away a person forcibly.

Library (HT^tff) TcPTcTO A place containing books for reading or reference.

Linguist ( fc^Re) One who knows many languages.

\ (160) /

/ \ Maiden speech % G R T fen w w i T W J T A speech made for the first time.

Manuscript ( ^g feFe) mu^leift Papers written by hand.

Mercenary 9Rcfr^q A man working merely for money.

Migratory (îîlri^l) WMHPTff That moves from one place to another.

Millennium ( fe r fem) "rr^Rn^l Thousand years.

Matinee ^TF? ^ f ^TT A cinema show which is held in the afternoon.

Manifesto (^ -T lWl) "efrnwr— T r A written declaration of Government or a political party

Manna (* IHT) ^raraff rm Food offered to the Gods.

Matrimonial (t^Fftfera) fen? Concerning marriage.

Nurse yRîRchi A lady who attends sick person or infants.

Notorious (^Mfara) ^ r m , ^pft Of evil reputation.

Omnipotent "^ferfetTR One who is powerful.

Omnipresent ( s f F W r ^ ) fezmrcp One who is present everywhere.

Omniscient ( a i l ^ W ) TferraT One who knows everything.

Opaque (afefi) aiMKcjyfcb A lady who attends sick persons or infants.

Optician ^ n ^Ten One who prescribes glasses.

Optimist 3T I?MT? [ One who takes the bright side of things.

Orphan ( s t r i r ) aRiar A child whose parents are dead.

Oasis (cj Rh'H) A shady fertile place in the desert.

Orthodox (snafrsfer) *ifdcii<?i A man of traditional beliefs.

Panacea (^hiRwi) ^Hdiui 3fmfSr A remedy for all ills.

Pedestrian One who walks on foot.

Pessimist ( M r f e s ) femraT^f One who takes the dark side of things.

Pickpocket ^fa 3KRT One who steals from the pockets of others.

Popular (MlêN) ^nffiter One who is liked by the people.

Postmortem ^rftsn An examination made after death.

Posthumous TRuitTRRi Something done for a person after his death, like being awarded.

Parables (^t^râ) itfct ^parnj Stories which build moral.

Quorum ^HdH 3ficiyi|ch w i Required minimum number of members to be present in the

meeting to pass a resolution.

Right srfSjcPR Privilege, enjoyed by citizens.

Shrew ("faqj SFFSTOJ^ A peevish woman.

Scholarship (<w>IcnRim) W5f frf Allowance given to intelligent students.

Sanatorium ( ^ d l R i w ) strTî 3TTSR A place for invalids and convalescents.

Teetotaller (^Tet^cR) w p ^ ^len One who totally abstains from alcoholic drinks.

Tryst T P T O ^sra a place for meeting of two lovers.

\ ( 1 6 1 ) /

/ \ Transparent A body through which light can pass.

Turncoat (e4cbte) R-i^id wnTf A person who changes his party or principles easily. Unavoidable arawwnft That which cannot be avoided. Unintelligible (sR-g^fciftraci) arato That which cannot be understood. Universal (^Pfe^d) ftfl^zmft A rule that is applicable to all. Vegetarian siicbi^ One who lives on vegetables only. Veteran (cr TR) One who has long experience. Voluntary (^Tclttl) few t Of one's own free will. Waterproof ( d l e ^ ) ^ra a f e t o Through which water cannot pass. Widow ( f e t ) ferai A woman whose husband is dead. Widower (fetere) fej* A man whose wife is dead.

Zoo (vsjj Hrfemrc A place where birds, animals etc. are kept.

\ (162) /

/ WORLD - FAMOUS \ FAMOUS MOUNTAINS

Height Location (feet)

Everest Nepal/Tibet 29,028 K2 Kashmir 28,250 Kanchenjunga Sikkim 28,168 Nanga Parbat Kashmir 26,660 Annapurna Nepal 26,504 Nanda Devi India 25,645 Kamet India/Tibet 25,447 Communism Peak U.S.S.R 24,590 Aconcagua Argentina 22,834 Mackinlev Alakska 20,320 Cotopaxi Ecuador 19,344 Kilimanjaro Tanzania 19,340 Elburz U.S.S.R. 18,481 Popocatapetl Mexico 17,887 Kenya Kenya 17,068 Ararat Turkey 17,000 Ruwenzori Uganda/

Cangolese Republic 16,795

Mont Blanc France 15,771

FAMOUS BRIDGES Waterway

Location (miles) Zambezi Africa 27 a Storstrom Denmark 2 Tay (Rail) Scotland 2 Upper Sone India 17s Godavari India 174 Forth (Rail) Scotland 172 Salazar, Lisbon Portugal 174 Tay (Road) Scotland 174 Forth (Road) Scotland 17 8 Golden Gate, San Francisco U.S.A. 17s Hardinge India 1 Orinoco Venezuela 1 Severn England 1 Victoria Jubilee, Montreal Canada 1 Sydney Harbour Australia 74

FAMOUS RIVERS

Location Nile Africa Amazon South America Yangtze-Kiang China Congo Mekong Ob Lena Mackenzie Hwang Ho Niger Amur Parana Yenisei Mississippi Volga Colorado St. Lawrence Yukon Brahmaputra Danube Euphrates Indus Zambezi Ganges

Africa S.E. Asia U.S.S.R. U.S.S.R. Canada China Africa U.S.S.R. South America U.S.S.R. U.S.A. U.S.S.R. U.S.A. Canada Canada Tibet/India Europe Turkey/Syria/Iraq Tibet/India/Pakistan 1,700 Africa 1,600 India 1,560

Length (miles)

4,160 3,900 3,400 3,000 2,800 2,700 2,680 2,635 2,600 2,600 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,340 2,300 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,800 1,720 1,700

Cotopaxi Mauna Loa Erebus Etna • Ruapehu Paricutin Hekla Vesuvius Stromboli Krakatau

FAMOUS VOLCANOES Height

Location Ecuador Hawaii Antarctica Sicily New Zealand Mexico Iceland Italy Italy Indonesia

(feet) 19,612 13,680 12,450 10,958

9,175 7,451 4,892 4,190 3,038 2,667

<163)

FAMOUS LAKES Area

Location (Sq. feet) Caspian Sea U.S.S.R. 143,550 Superior Canada/U.S.A. 31,800 Victoria Africa 26,800 Aral Sea U.S.S.R. 25,300 Huron Canada/U.S.A. 23,000 Michigan U.S.A. 22,400 Tanganyika Africa 12,700 Great Bear Canada 12,275 Baikal U.S.S.R. 11,780 Nyasa Africa 11,430 Great Slave Canada 10,980 Chad Africa 10,000 Erie Canada/U.S.A. 9,940 Ladoga U.S.S.R. 7,000 Onega U.S.S.R. 3,800 Titicaca Bolivia/Peru 3,200

FAMOUS & LARGEST CITIES Tokyo Japan Djakarta Indonesia Shanghai China Rio de Janeiro Brazil New York U.S.A. Seoul Korea London, Leningrad U.S.S.R. Greater England Chicago U.S.A. Buenos Aires Argentina Berlin (E & W) Germany Moscow U.S.S.R. Mexico City Mexico Peking China Tientsin China Sao Paulo Brazil Osaka Japan Mumbai India Kolkata India Cairo U.A.R. Tehran Iran New Delhi India Chennai India

X

NAMES OF OCEANS Antarctic Arctic Atlantic Indian

Pacific

NAMES OF THE CONTINENTS Africa Antarctica Asia Australia

Europe North America South America

< j 6 4 >

/ TOWNS ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIES \ FOREIGN

Town Country Industries Baku Russia Petroleum Bangkok Thailand Shipping Belfast Ireland Ship-building and Linen Goods Buenos Aires Argentina Dairy Products Cadiz Spain Cork Chicago U.S.A. Gramophone Detroit U.S.A. Automobiles Dresden U.S.A. Optical and Photographic Apparatus Glasgow Scotland Machinery, Textile Havana Cuba Cigar Hollywood U.S.A. Films Johannesburg South Africa Gold mines Kimberley South Africa Diamond Mining Leeds England Woollen Goods Los Angeles U.S.A. Films, Oil Lyons France Silk Morocco North Africa Leather Munich Germany Lenses New Orleans U.S.A. Cotton Pittsburgh U.S.A. Iron and Steel Plymouth England Ship-building Sheffield England Cutlery Venice Italy Glass Vienna Austria Glass Wellington New Zealand Dairy Products

INDIAN

X

Town Ahmedabad Aligarh Alwaye Ambarnath (Near Mumbai) Ankleshwar (Gujarat) Bangalore

Bareilly

Industries Cotton Locks Rare Earths Factory Machine Tools (Prototype Factory)

Oil Cotton Textiles, Toys, Carpets, Motors, Aircraft, Indian Telephone Industries and Machine Tools Resin Industry, Woodwork

< T 6 5 >

Town

Batanagar Bhilai Bhopal Bokaro Mumbai Kolkata Chhindwara (Madhya Pradesh) Chittaranjan (West Bengal) Churk (U.P.) Delhi Dhariwal Digboi Durgapur Ferozabad Guntur Gwalior Howrah Jaipur Jagadhari Jalahalli Jamshedpur (Tatanagar) Jharia Kanpur Katni Khetri Koyali Ludhiana Moradabad Mysore Nangal Nepanagar Neyveli Noonamati Perambur (Near Madras)

Industries \ Shoes Steel Heavy Electricals Steel Plant Cotton Textile, Cinema Jute Manufacture, Electric Bulbs and Lamps Lime-stone, Coal

Locomotives

Cement D.D.T., Textiles and Housing Woollen goods Petroleum Steel Glass Cotton Manufacture Pottery Jute Embroidery, Pottery and Brassware Paper Machine Tools Factory and Electronics Iron and Steel goods

Coal Leather, Shoes Cement Copper Petro-chemicals Hosiery Utensils,Calico printing Silk Fertilizers Newsprint Lignite Oil refining Railway Coaches Factory

<166>

Town i

Industries

Pinjore (Haryana) Machine Tools Pimpri (Pune) Penicillin Factory

Rana Pratap Sagar Atomic Power Plant Raniganj Coal mining Rourkela Steel, Fertilizer Rupnarainpur Cables (West Bengal) Sindri Fertilizer Singareni (Andhra) Coal Singhbhum Copper Surat Textiles Suratgarh Modern Agricultural Farm Tiruchirapalli Cigar Titagarh Paper

Trombay Atomic Reactors, Fertilizers Varanasi Silk Textile Vishakhapatnam Ship-building

TOWNS SITUATED ON RIVER BANKS FOREIGN

Town River Town River 1. Baghdad Tigris 2. Belgrade Danube 16. Moscow Moskva 3. Berlin Spree 17. New York Hudson 4. Budapest Danube 18. Ottawa St. Lawrence 5. Buenos Aires La Plata 19. Paris Seine 6. Cairo Nile 20. Prague Vitava 7. Dublin Liffey

21. Quebec St. Lawrence 8. 9.

Hang Chow Kabul

Yangtse-Kiang Kabul

22. Rangoon Irrawadi

10. Karachi Sindh 23. Rome Tiber

11. Khartoum Nile 24. St. Louis Mississippi

12. Lahore Ravi 25. Sydney Darling

13. Lisbon Tag us 26. Tokyo Arakawa

14. London Thames 27. Vienna Danube

15. Madrid Menzaneres 28. Warsaw Vistula

\ CT67) /

/ TOWNS SITUATED ON RIVER BANKS \ INDIAN

Town River Town River 1. Agra Jamuna 13. Jabalpur Narbada 2. Allahabad Confluence of 14. Kanpur Ganges

the Ganges 15. Kotah Chambal and the Jamuna 16. Leh Indus & Saraswati 17. Lucknow Gomti

3. Ayodhya Saryu 18. Nasik Godavari 4. Badrinath Alaknanda 19. Pandharpur Bhima 5. Kolkata Hoogly 20. Patna Ganges 6. Cuttack Mahanadi 21. Saikowaghat Brahmaputra 7. Delhi Jamuna 22. Sambalpur Mahanadi 8. Dibrugarh Brahmaputra 23. Srinagar Jhelum 9. Ferozepore Sutluj 24. Srirangapatnam Cauvery

10. Guwahati Brahmaputra 25. Surat Tapti 11. Hardwar Ganges 26. Varanasi Ganges 12. Hyderabad Musi 27. Vijayawada Krishna

MINERALS IN INDIA Mineral Name of the State

1. Aluminium (qc^ftP^H) (1) Orissa (2) Bihar (from Bauxite)

2. Asbestos (" ciicHi d- HAi emj) (1) Karnataka (2) Bihar 3. China Clay ftfl) (1) Bihar (2) Kerala 4. Cobalt ('Plere % ttch t f W sjt^) (1) Rajasthan (2) Kerala 5. Coal (cbl^di) (1) West Bengal (2) Bihar 6. Copper (diHi) (1) Bihar (2) Rajasthan 7. Diamond (1) Madhya Pradesh (2) Andhra Pradesh 8. Gold (^PTi) (1) Karnataka (2) Andhra Pradesh 9. Gypsum ( u f ^ i (1) Rajasthan (2) Tamil Nadu

10. Iron (effFf) (1) Bihar (2) Orissa 11. Lead (#^tt) (1) Rajasthan 12. Zinc (uH-di) (1) Rajasthan 13. Limestone (^ t 'qRarc) (1) Madhya Pradesh (2) Andhra Pradesh 14. Manganese (î-Tltf) (1) Madhya Pradesh (2) Andhra Pradesh 15. Marble ( w j m ) (1) Rajasthan 16. Mica (1) Bihar (2) Andhra Pradesh 17. Petroleum (^rfcRFi) (1) Assam (2) Gujarat 18. Red Stone {tmw&R) (1) Rajasthan 19. Silver (^rMt) (1) Karnataka (2) Bihar 20. Tungsten ( ^ ^ t f t n f l t n ^ ) (1) Bihar (2) Maharashtra 21. Thorium ucbu eft tn^) (1) Kerala (2) Rajasthan 22. Uranium (fîsTld ^RjaiI î^ch (1) Bihar (2) Kerala

(m) '

/ AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN INDIA \ Agricultural Product Name of the State

1. Barley ("sft) (a) Punjab (b) U.P.

2. Cinchona (J^H 4>l ^rs) (a) Tamil Nadu (b) Kerala 3. Cashew nut (^Tujj (a) Karnataka (b) Tamil Nadu 4. Coconut & Copra ( fen) (a) Kerala (b) Tamil Nadu

5. Coffee (cwfr) (a) Karnataka (b) Kerala

6. Cotton (chMKH) (a) Maharashtra (b) Gujarat

7. Indigo ( fe i ) (a) Bihar (b) Tamil Nadu

8. Jute (Md^H) (a) West Bengal (b) Assam

9. Maize (TO ) (a) U.P. (b) Bihar 10. Rice (*iicid) (a) West Bengal (b) Andhra Pradesh 11. Sandal Wood (a) Karnataka 12. Sugarcane ( ' H i ) (a) U.P. (b) Bihar

13. Spices {M t-wic}) (a) Kerala (b) Karnataka

14. Tea (a) Assam (b) Kerala

15. Tobacco (a) Maharashtra (b) Tamil Nadu 16. Wheat m j (a) Punjab (b) U.P.

FAMOUS BOOKS BY FOREIGN AUTHORS Books

A Stranger in the Mirror Anna Karenina A Farewell to Arms Adventures of Sherlock Holmes Alice in Wonderland Affluent Society A Passage to India Androcles and the Lion All Quiet on the Western Front A Tale of Two Cities A Week with Gandhi Ambassador's Report Arms and the Man Asian Drama

Authors

Sidney Sheldon Leo Tolstoy Ernest Hemingway Arthur Conan Doyle Lewis Carroll J.K. Galbraith E.M. Forster George Bernard Shaw Eric Maria Remarque Charles Dickens Louis Fischer Chester Bowles George Bernard Shaw Gunnar Myrdal

Antony and Cleopatra As You Like It August 1914 Babbit Blind Ambitions Bitter Sweet Ben Hur Blind Beauty Candida Candide Cancer Ward Comedy of Errors Crime and Punishment Caesar and Cleopatra Canterbury Tales Count of Monte Cristo Crisis in India, The David Copperfield Das Kapital Doctor's Dilemma Death of a President Don Quixote Doctor's Wife Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Dr. Zhivago Deserted Village Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Divine Comedy Education of a Public Man, The Ends and Means Expanding Universe Essays of Elia Emma Freedom in Arms Freedom at Midnight Far From the Madding Crowd For Whom the Bell Tolls Forsyte Saga

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare Alexander Solzhenitsyn Sinclair Lewis John Dean Noel Coward Lewis Wallace Boris Pasternak George Bernard Shaw Voltaire

Alexander Solzhenitsyn William Shakespeare Fyodor Dostoevsky George Bernard Shaw Geoffrey Chaucer Alexander Dumas Ronald Segal Charles Dickens Karl Marx George Bernard Shaw William Manchester Miguel de Cervantes Brian Moore Robert Louis Stevenson Boris Pasternak Oliver Goldsmith Edward Gibbon

Dante Hubert H. Humphrey Aldous Huxley Eddington Charles Lamb Jane Austen A.L. Morton Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre Thomas Hardy Ernest Hemingway John Galsworthy

1 Books Authors

Faust J.W. Von Goethe Father and Sons Ivan Turgenev First Circle Alexander Solzhenitsyn Fenius and Lust Henry Miller Friends, Not Masters Ayub Khan Gone with the Wind Margaret Mitchell Gathering Storm Winston Churchill Great Illusion Norman Angel Good Earth Pearl S. Buck Gulag Archipelago Alexander Solzhenitsyn Great Expectations Charles Dickens Gulliver's Travels Jonathan Swift Gulistan Sheikh Saadi Hamlet William Shakespeare Harry Potter J.R. Rowling Humboldt's Gift Saul Bellow Hunchback of Notre Dame Victor Hugo Inside Asia John Gunther Inside Africa John Gunther Idylls of the King Alfred Tennyson Iliad Homer Invisible Man H.G. Wells Ivanhoe Sir Walter Scott Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte J.P.- His Biography Allan and Wendy Scarfe Jungle Book Rudyard Kipling Jean Christopher Romain Rolland Julius Caesar William Shakespeare Kennilworth Sir Walter Scott Kidnapped Robert Louis Stevenson Kim Rudyard Kipling King Lear William Shakespeare Kipps H.G. Wells Le Contract Social (Social Contract) J.J. Rousseau Lady Chatterley's Lover D.H. Lawrence Lead Kindly Light Vincent Shean Love Story Eric Segal Les Miserables Victor Hugo

Books

Lycidas Living Room Lolita L' Allegro Life of Dr. Johnson Magic Mountain Macbeth Major Barbara Man and Superman Man Eaters of Kumaon Man, the Unknown Mother Mother India Mein Kampf Murder in the Cathedral Merchant of Venice Much Ado About Nothing Mysterious Universe Marriage and Morals Nine Days Wonder Nemesis Nineteen Eighty Four Oliver Twist Of Human Bondage Odyssey One World Origin of Species Othello Old Man and the Sea Pride and Prejudice Pakistan Crisis Paradise Lost Promises to Keep Pilgrim's Progress Pygmalion Peter Pan Prince Public Persons Pickwick Papers Rain King, The Rainbow, The Reprieve Rape of the Lock

Authors

John Milton Graham Greene V. Nobokov John Milton James Boswell Thomas Mann William Shakespeare George Bernard Shaw George Bernard Shaw Jim Corbett Lewis Carroll Maxim Gorky Katherine Mayo Adolf Hitler T.S. Eliot William Shakespeare William Shakespeare James Jeans Bertrand Russell John Mansfield Emile Zola George Orwell Charles Dickens W. Somerset Maugham Homer Wendell Wilkie Charles Darwin William Shakespeare Ernest Hemingway Jane Austen David Loshak John Milton Chester Bowles John Bunyan George Bernard Shaw J.M. Barrie Machiavelli Walter Lippmann Charles Dickens Saul Bellow Pearl S. Buck Jean Paul Sartre Alexander Pope

Books Authors

Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare Republic Plato Rape of Bangladesh Anthony Mascarenhas Robinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe Rubaiyat-i-Omar Khayyam Edward Fitzgerald Red Star Over China Edgar Snow Razor's Edge W. Somerset Maugham Rains Came Louis Bromefield Sleeping Murder Agatha Christie Samler's Planet Saul Bellow Scarlet Pimpernel Baroness Orczy Story of My Life Moshe Dayan Sense and Sensibility Jane Austen Shahnama Firdausi She Stoops to Conquer Oliver Goldsmith St. Joan George Bernard Shaw Sohrab and Rustom Matthew Arnold Shape of Things to Come H.G. Wells Spirit of the Age William Hazlitt Sons and Lovers D.H. Lawrence Three Musketeers Alexander Dumas The Other Side of Midnight Sidney Sheldon Talisman Sir Walter Scott Tales from Shakespeare Charles Lamb Tess of D'Urbervilles Thomas Hardy Treasure Island Robert Louis Stevenson The Idiot Fyodor Dostoevsky Twelfth Night William Shakespeare The Trumpet Major Thomas Hardy Thank You, Jeeves P.G. Wodehouse Triumph J.K. Galbraith Time Machine H.G. Wells Tropic of Cancer Henry Miller Utopia Thomas Moore Universe Around Us James Jeans Unto This Last John Ruskin Ulysses James Joyce Upturned Soil Mikhail Sholokhov Vicar of Wakefield Oliver Goldsmith Victim, The Saul Bellow War and Peace Leo Tolstoy Walking on the Water Hugg Cudlipp Wuthering Heights Emily Bronte Wealth of Nations Adam Smith Way of All Flesh Samuel Butler Waste Land T.S. Eliot

/ FAMOUS BOOKS BY INDIAN AUTHORS \ Books

Adhe Adhure Arthashastra Agni Pariksha Autobiography of an Unknown Indian Ain-i-Akbari Asia and Western Dominance Bhagwat Geeta Between the Lines Ba Mulahaza Hoshiar Broken Wing Coolie Chidambara Confession of a Lover Continent of Circe Chinese Betrayal Death of a City Distant Neighbours Durgesh Nandini Discovery of India Divine Life Gardener Geet Govinda Glimpses of World History Gora Gul-e-Naghma Gana Devata Gitanjali Godan Guide Harshacharita Hindu View of Life Himalayan Blunder Hungry Stones India after Nehru India Divided India Wins Freedom India from Curzon to Nehru and After I Am Not an Island India, The Critical Years India, The Wasted Years 1969-75 I Follow the Mahatma Judgement, The Jobs for the Millions

Authors Mohan Rakesh Kautilya Acharya Tulsi Nirad C. Chaudhuri Abul Fazal K.M. Pannikar Maharishi Ved Vyas Kuldip Naiyar Narendra Pal Singh Sarojini Naidu Mulk Raj Anand Sumitranandan Pant Mulk Raj Anand Nirad C. Chaudhuri B.N. Mullick Amrita Pritam Kuldip Naiyar Bankim Chandra Chatterjee J.L. Nehru Swami Sivananda Rabindra Nath Tagore Jaidev J.L. Nehru Rabindra Nath Tagore Raghupati Sahai Firaq Gorakhpuri Tara Shanker Bandhopadhyaya Rabindra Nath Tagore Prem Chand R.K. Narayan Bana Bhatta Dr. S. Radhakrishnan Brigadier J.P. Dalvi Rabindra NathTagore Kuldip Naiyar Rajendra Prasad Abul Kalam Azad Durga Das

K.A. Abbas Kuldip Naiyar Rajinder Puri K.M. Munshi Kuldip Naiyar V.V. Giri

< r S >

Books Kamayani Kadambari Life Divine My Experiments with Truth Malati Madhav My Life and Times Mahabharata Meghdoot Mudra Rakshasa Many Worlds Nisheeth Out of Dust Panchtantra Prison and Chocolate Cake Prison Diary Post Office Prem Pachisi Ramayana Ram Charita Manas Raghuvansa Raj Tarangini Ratnavali Red Tape and White Cap Story of My Life Sunny Days Shakuntala Satyarth Prakash Shri Ramayana Darshanam Saket Shahnama Swapna Vasavadatta Two Leaves and a Bud Untold Story Urvashi Uttara Ramcharita Unhappy India Vish Vriksha Vande Mataram Wall of Glass, The Witness to an Era War of Indian Independence Yashodhara Yesterday and Today Yayati Zulfi, My Friend

Authors

Jai Shanker Prasad Bana Bhatta Sri Aurobindo Mahatma Gandhi Bhavabhuti V.V. Giri Maharishi Ved Vyas Kalidas Vishakhadutta K.P.S. Menon Uma Shanker Joshi D.F. Karaka Vishnu Sharma Nayantara Sehgal Jaya Prakash Narayan Rabindra Nath Tagore Prem Chand Maharishi Balmiki Tulsidas Kalidas Kalhan Harsh Vardhan P.V.R. Rao Morarji Desai Sunil Gavaskar Kalidas Swami Dayanand K.V. Puttappa Maithili Sharan Gupta Firdausi Bhasa Mulk Raj Anand General B.M. Kaul Ramdhari Singh Dinkar Bhavabhuti Lala Lajpat Rai Bankim Chandra Chatterjee Bankim Chandra Chatterjee K.A. Abbas Frank Moraes Vir Savarkar Maithili Sharan Gupta K.P.S. Menon V.S. Khandekar Piloo Mody

<jzD

/ IMPORTANT PLACES (Indian and Foreign)

Place

Abu Simbal

Adam's Bridge

Agra

Ajanta & Ellora

Ajmer

Alexandria

Aliabet

Allahabad

Alwaye

Amarnath

Amritsar

Anand

Anand Bhawan

Aurangabad

Avadi

X

Location and Importance

Located on the bank of Nile river in Egypt, is known for the ancient rock-cut temples by Ramesses II. The 17-mile long bridge is only a line of rocks and sand-banks between Sri Lanka and India. Located on the bank of the Jamuna in U.P. is known for Taj Mahal, Fort and Pearl Mosque. Located near Aurangabad in Maharashtra state are famous for the Buddhist cave temples which are ornamented with sculptures carved with paintings. Located in Rajasthan is a pilgrim centre for Muslims. The tomb of Khwaja Muin-ud-din Chishti is also located here. A renowned city and sea-port of Egypt, founded by Alexander the Great^is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The Pharos of Alexandria-a marble watch town and light house on the island of Pharos in the harbour of Alexandria—is also located here. Located near Bhavnagar in Gujarat state is the site of the first offshore oil well in India. Located in Uttar Pradesh is an important place of Hindu pilgrimage for being the confluence of three rivers— the Ganga, the Jamuna and the Saraswati. Located in Kerala is known for the FACT unit manufacturing fertilizers and Monazite factory. Located in the state of Jammu and Kashmir and situated at a height of about 13000 feet is a famous Hindu pilgrim centre. Located in Punjab is known for the Golden Temple and is remembered for the Jalianwala Bagh Tragedy. Located in Gujarat State is famous for co-operative milk-dairy, AMUL butter and milk being the chief products. Situated in Allahabad, residence of Pt. Moti Lai Nehru is now dedicated to the Indian National Congress. Located in Maharashtra state is famous for the tomb of Aurangzeb and his wife. Situated in Tamil Nadu is known for the location of Government-owned heavy vehicles factory.

< 1 7 6 >

^ / a c "

Ayodhya

Bangalore

Barauni

Bethlehem Bhakra Bhilai

Big Ben

Bhubaneshwar Bokaro Bombay High Buland Darwaza

Cape Kennedy

Capitol, The

Chandigarh Chittaranjan

Chittorgarh

Dayalbagh

Detroit

Delhi

Dhariwal Digboi Durgapur Elephanta

Empire State Building Etna Fatehpur Sikri

Location and Importance

It is located near Faizabad in U.P. Rama is the most important king associated with this place. It is the capital of Karnataka state. Hindustan Aircraft Factory, Indian Telephone Industries and H.M.T. factories are in this town. Situated in Bihar is known for a big oil refinery in public sector. It is in Israel and is the birth place of Jesus Christ. It is in Punjab and is known for the Bhakra Dam. Situated in Madhya Pradesh is known for the big steel plant set up with the assistance of Russia. It is the big clock installed in 1859 on the tower of British Parliament House building in London. The capital of Orissa is famous for Linga Raja Temple. Situated in Bihar is known for the Steel Plant. It is India's most promising off-shore oil area in Arabian Sea. It is a gate way of Fatehpur Sikri in Agra and is known for its height (176 feet). Located in Florida (U.S.A.) is the missile launching centre and headquarters of NASA. Located in Washington houses the Senate (The Parliament of the United States of America). Joint capital of Punjab and Haryana states. Situated in West Bengal is known for the manufacture of railway locomotives. It is situated in Rajasthan and is known for Tower of Victory which was built by Rana Kumbha. It is in Agra and is famous as a religious and cultural seat of the Hindus who believe in Radha Swami Sect. It is a town in U.S.A. which is famous as the biggest car manufacturing place in the world. Old capital of India and is famous for its historical and religious monuments. It is in Punjab and is famous for woollen goods. It is in Assam and is known for oil fields and oil refinery. Located in West Bengal is famous for the steel plant. It is an island in Bombay harbour and famous for rock-cut caves.

Located in New York is one of the world's tallest buildings.

It is a volcano in Italy. About 35 kms. from Agra in Uttar Pradesh is of tourist impor-tance. The famous Buland Darwaza is located here.

<m>

Place Ferozabad

Ghazipur

Gole Gumbuz

Great Wall of China

Hague, The

Haldia

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Havana

Jamshedpur

Jerusalem

Jharia Jog Falls

Kandla Konark

Kremlin

Ludhiana

Madurai Mahabalipuram

Mathura

Mecca

Monte Carlo Mount Abu Nepanagar

\ Panna

Location and Importance Situated in Uttar Pradesh is known for the glass bangle industry. A town in Uttar Pradesh is known for Government opium factory. Located in Bijapur (Mysore) is the largest dome of the world. It is known for the world famous Whispering Gallery. The 1500-mile long fortification in China running from Kansu province to Hopeh province was built by the Chinese Emperor Shih Hawang. It is in Netherlands and is famous for the seat of the International Court of Justice. It is in West Bengal and is famous for oil refinery set up in collaboration with Romania and France. One of the seven wonders of the world. These were first planted in 603 B.C. by King Nebuchadnezzar and are located 60 miles south of Baghdad. It is the capital of Cuba and is known for the manufacture of cigars. An industrial centre situated in Bihar. Iron and steel industries of the Tata Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. are located here. A place of pilgrimage for the Christians, Jews and Muslims. Al Aqsa Mosque and the Wailing Wall are located here. Located in Bihar is famous for the coal industry. They are in Karnataka and are one of the highest waterfalls in the world. A major port in Gujarat and is famous for fertilizers. Located near Puri in Orissa is known for Black Pagoda and Sun Temple. It is a large fortified citadel in Moscow. The Secretariat of the Soviet Government is located here. A town in Punjab is famous for hosiery, cycle and sewing machine industries. A town in Tamil Nadu is famous for the Meenakshi Temple. It is located near Madras and is famous for the rock-cut temples. The famous Arjuna Ratha, Draupadi Ratha and Dharmaraja chariot are also located here. It is located near Agra in U.P., is famous for the birth place of Lord Krishna. It is in Saudi Arabia and is known for being the birth place of Prophet Mohammed, the founder of Islam. It is a place of pilgrim importance for the Muslims. Located in France is known as a gambling centre. It is in Rajasthan and is famous for Jain Temples. It is in Madhya Pradesh and is known for the newsprint factory which is owned by the Government. Located in Madhya Pradesh is famous for diamond mines

<m>

Place Location and Importance \ Perambur

Pimpri Pushkar

Rajghat

Rishikesh

Rourkela Sambhar Sanchi Sarnath

Shanti Van

Sindri

Sriharikota

Tarapore

Thumba

Ujjain

Verrazano : Narrows Bridge Victoria Memorial : Vijay Ghat

Visakhapatnam

Wall Street

White House

Yellowstone :

Located near Madras in Tamil Nadu is known for Integral Coach Factory where passenger coaches are manufactured. Located in Maharashtra is known for the penicillin factory. A lake in Rajasthan which is a place of pilgrimage of the Hindus. Located on the bank of Jamuna in Delhi is the place where Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation was cremated in January 1948. It is near Hardwar in Uttar Pradesh and is known for the antibiotic factory. Also a place of pilgrimage for Hindus. A town in Orissa is known for steel plant and fertilizer factory. It is a lake in Rajasthan which is famous for salt. Located in Madhya Pradesh is famous for Buddhist Stupas. It is near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh and is a famous Buddhist pilgrim centre. Deer Park and Ashoka Pillar are located here. It is situated in Delhi on the bank of Jamuna. Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India was cremated here in May 1964. It is an industrial town of Bihar. A fertilizer factory is located here. Located in Andhra Pradesh is famous as a satellite launching centre. It is near Mumbai in Maharashtra and is known for India's atomic power station. Located in Chittor in Rajasthan was built by Rana Kumbha in 1448 to commemorate his victory. An ancient city in Madhya Pradesh is famous for Mahabale-shwar Temple. The world's longest bridge (4260 feet) between Staten Island and Brooklyn, New York. Located in Calcutta was built in memory of Queen Victoria. It is situated in Delhi on the bank of Jamuna. Lai Bahadur Shastri was cremated here in January 1966. It is a big harbour on the eastern coast of India in Andhra Pradesh and is famous for the ship building industry and oil refinery. Located in New York is U.S.A.'s important stock exchange market. Official residence of the American President since 1800 A.D. President John Adams was the first President of America to live here. It is U.S.A.'s oldest and largest national park. The spectacular falls and impressive canyons of the Yellow-stone River are the maior attractions here.

INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS Invention

Aeroplane Aniline Dyes Air-brake (for rail-roads) Anti-polio Vaccine Antiseptic Surgery Atom Bomb Atom—breaking up the nucleus of an Atomic Clock Atomic Theory Atomic Structure Automobile Barometer Balloon Beri Beri—cause of Bicycle Blood Circulation Blood Transfusion Calculating Machine Camera Cholera bacillus Chloroform

Celluloid Cinematography Cosmic Rays Crescograph Crystal Dynamics Diesel Oil Engine Drinker's Chamber Dynamite Dynamo Electric Battery

Electric Attraction—Fundamental, Law of Electric Lamp Electrical Energy—Measurements of Electrical Resistance—Law of

Inventor

Wright Brothers Hoffmann George Westing-house Jonas E. Salk Lord Joseph Lister Otto Hahn Rutherford Dr. Willard Frank Libby Dalton Bohr and Rutherford Daimler Torricelli Montgolfier Eijkman Macmillan Harvey Land Steiner Pascal Zeiss Robert Koch James Harrison and James Simpson Parkes Thomas Edison R.A. Millikan J.C. Bose C.V. Raman Rudolf Diesel Dr. Philip Drinker Alfred Nobel Michael Faraday Volta Coulomb Edison Joule, James Prescott Ohm

Invention

Electricity Current Electrons—Discovery of Electron Theory Fick's Law Evolution—Theory of Fountain Pen Film and Photographic goods Gas Engine Gramophone Gravitation—Laws of Glider Helicopter Heredity—Laws of Homoeopathy Hovercraft Hydrogen Hydrophobia Incandescent Bulb Insulin (as a palliative for diabetes) Intelligence Tests Iron Lung Jet Propulsion Kala-azar Fever Laughing Gas Lever—Principle of (and of Specific Gravity) Life Boat Lift (Power Elevator) Lightning Conductor Logarithms Lenses Machine Gun Magazine of Rifle Malaria Parasite Manufacture of Washing Soda

Inventor

Volta

J.J. Thomson Bohr Fick Charles Darwin Waterman Kodak Daimler Thomas Edison Newton George Cayley Igor Ivan Sikorsky— 1939 Gregor Mendel Hahnemann Cockerell Cavendish Louis Pasteur Edison F. Banting Binet Dr. Philip Drinker Frank Whittle U.N. Brahmachari Priestley

Archimedes Henry Greathead Otis Benjamin Franklin John Napier Zeiss

Dr. Gattling Mauser Dr. Ronald Ross Laplanc

/

X

Invention

Mechanical Equivalent of Heat Megaphone 'Montessori' method of teaching children Meson Microphone Microscope Morse System of Electric Telegraphy Military tank Motion—Law of Multiple Proportions—Laws of Natural Selection—Laws of Neon—gas Neutron Nuclear Fission Nylon Paints Penicillin Periodic Law Phonograph Photo-electric-cell-Theory of Photography Photography (coloured) Photography (Roll Films) Photography (Under-sea) Phototherapy PneumaticTyre Power loom Printing Press Psycho-analysis Quantum Theory Radio-activity Artificial Radio-activity of Uranium Radar Radio Radio Telephone Radio Transmitter

Inventor

Joule Edison Maria Montessori Hideki Yukawa David Edward Hughes—1878 Janssen (improved by Galileo) Morse Swinton Newton Dalton Charles Darwin W. Ramsay Chadwick Otto Hahn W.H. Carothers Shalimar Alexander Fleming Mendeleev Edison A. Becquerel L. Daguerre Gabriel Lippman George Eastman Edgerton N.R. Finsen Dunlop Cartwright Cutenberg Dr. Sigmund Freud Max Planck Madam Joliot and Irene Curie A. Henry Becquerel Robert Watson Watt Marconi Lee De Forest Alexanderson

< 1 8 2 >

Invention Inventor

Radium Madame Curie Railway Engine Stephenson Relativity—Theory of A. Einstein Heart Transplantation Christiaan Barnard Revolver Colt Safety Lamp (Miner's) Humphrey Davy Safety Razor Gillette Salk Vaccine (Anti-polio) Dr. James E. Salk Seismograph Robert Mallet Sewing Machine Elias Howe Space Flying Dr. Wernher Von Brown Sextant John Hadley Steam Boat Fulton Steam Engine James Watt Steel Smelting Process Sir Henry Bessemer Stethoscope Laennec Submarine John P. Holland—1875 Streptomycin Waksman Sulpha drugs G. Domagk Talkies Lee De Forest Telephone A. Graham Bell Telescope Hans Lippershey—1608 Telescope (Reflecting) Newton Television Apparatus J.L. Baird Thermometer Fahrenheit Vacuum Flask (Trade Name Thermos Flask) James Dewar Torpedo Robert Whitehead Transistor W. Shockley Tubercle Baccilli Koch Typewriter Sholes Uranium A. Henry Becquerel Vaccination (Smallpox) Edward Jenner Vitamins Funk Vitamin D F.C. Hopkins Rubber, Vulcanising Good Year Wireless Telegraphy Marconi X-ray Roentgen Yellow fever—Causes of Reed

/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES \ Amundsen Neil Armstrong Byrd

Captain Cook

Columbus

David Livingstone

Edmund Hillary

Ferdinand de Lesseps

Kepler Johannes Lindberg

Magellan

Marco Polo

Nausen

Robert Peary Shackleton

Sven Hedin

Tasman

Tenzing

Vasco da Gama

Discovered South Pole in 1911. First person to set foot on the moon on July 21, 1969. Flew over the North Pole in 1926 and over the South Pole in 1929. Discovered Edsel Ford mountains and Morie Byrd Land. Discovered Sandwich now called Hawaiian Isles in 1770. Discovered West Indies in 1492 and South America in 1498. Discovered the Victoria Falls, Lake Nyasa in Africa and course of the Zambezi Joint conqueror of Mount Everest with Tenzing. In a Trans-Atlantic expedition he reached South Pole on January 3, 1958. Conceived the plan of the Suez Canal which was completed in 1869 through his efforts. Discovered the Laws of Planetary Motion in 1609. Made the first solo-flight across the Atlantic from New York to Paris in 1927. Commanded the first expedition in 1519 to sail round the world and discovered a passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic through the straits. Explored China, India, South eastern countries and published the record of his various explorations. Explored across Green land and reached the highest altitude in the North Polar Region till then attained. First person to reach the North Pole in 1909. An Arctic explorer who reached within 100 miles of the South Pole. A Swedish explorer who contributed to the geographic and archaeological knowledge of the large areas of Central Asia. A Dutch navigator who discovered Tasmania and New Zealand in 1642. The first Sherpa to reach Mount Everest on May 29, 1953 along with Edmund Hillary. A Portuguese navigator who rounded the Cape of Good Hope and discovered the sea route to India in 1498.

( T § 4 )

/ SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USE \ Altimeter

Ammeter

Anemometer

Audiometer

Audiophone

Barometer

Callipers

Calorimeter

Carburettor

Cardiogram

Chronometer

Cinematograph

Compass Needle

Crescograph

Drinker's Appartus

Dynamo

Electro encephalograph

(EEC)

Epidiascope

Fathometer

Gramophone

Hydrometer

Hydrophone

Hygrometer

Kymograph

\

Measures altitudes in an aircraft.

Measures electrical currents in amperes.

Measures the force and velocity of wind.

Measures intensity of sound.

Improves imperfect sense of hearing.

Measures the atmosphere pressure.

A compass with legs measuring the inside or outside

diameter of bodies.

Measures quantities of heat.

Charges air with petrol vapours in an internal

combustion engine.

Traces the movements of the heart.

It is kept on board ships to measure accurate time.

It consists of a series of lenses arranged to throw on a

screen an enlarged image of photographs.

It is used for knowing approximately the North-South

direction of a place.

It is used for recording the growth of plants.

Helps in breathing in infantile paralysis.

It generates electricity.

It is the technique of recording and interpreting the

electrical activity of the brain

It is used for projecting films as well as images of

opaque articles on a screen.

It is used for measuring depth of the ocean.

A machine that reproduces sound.

It is used for measuring the specific gravity of liquids.

It is used for recording sound under water.

It is used for measuring humidity in air.

It is used to record graphically physiological

movements, i.e., blood pressure, heart beating, study of

lungs etc. in living beings.

(185)

/ Lactometer

Mariner's Compass

Micrometer

Microphone

Microscope

Odometer

Parachute

Pipette

Radar

Rain Gauge

Saccharimeter

Seismograph

Sextant

Stethoscope

Stop Watch

Tachometer

Teleprinter

Telescope

Clinical Thermometer

It is used for measuring the purity of milk.

It is used to guide the sailors. Its needle always points

North-South.

A micrometer is an instrument for measuring very small

distance and angles.

Microphones are used in Radio and Television

broadcasting.

It is an optical instrument for magnifying objects.

It is used to record the distance covered by wheeled

vehicles.

It is a umbrella-shaped safety device used in an

emergency by the passengers of an aircraft or by

paratroops during war.

It is a glass tube with which a definite volume of liquid

can be transferred.

It is used to detect the direction of an approaching

aeroplane by means of radio micro-waves.

It is an apparatus to record rainfall at a particular place.

It is an instrument to determine the amount of sugar

in a solution.

It is an instrument to record earthquake shocks.

A sextant is an instrument for finding latitude.

It is an instrument to hear and analyse the movements

of heart and lungs.

It is used to record small intervals of time.

It is an instrument to determine speeds of aeroplanes

and motor-boats.

It is an instrument which prints automatically messages

sent from one place to another on telegraph lines.

It is an apparatus used for observing distant objects.

It is an apparatus used for measuring temperature of

the human body.

<186>

/ STATES OF INDIA \ States Capitals

1. Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad 2. Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar 3. Assam Dispur 4. Bihar Patna 5. Delhi* Delhi* 6. Goa Panaji 7. Gujarat Gandhi Nagar 8. Haryana Chandigarh 9. Himachal Pradesh Shimla 10. Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar 11. Karnataka Bangalore 12. Kerala Thiruvanathapuram 13. Madhya Pradesh Bhopal 14. Maharashtra Mumbai 15 Manipur Imphal 16. Meghalaya Shillong 17. Mizoram Aizawl 18. Nagaland Kohima 19. Orissa Bhubaneshwar 20. Punjab Chandigarh 21. Rajasthan Jaipur 22. Sikkim Gangtok 23. Tamilnadu Chennai 24. Tripura Agartala 25. Uttar Pradesh Lucknow 26. West Bengal Kolkata

New States 27. Chhatisgarh Raipur 28. Jharkhand Ranchi 29. Uttranchal Dehradun

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

UNION TERRITORIES Union Territories Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar Haveli Daman and Diu Lakshadweep Pondicherry

<187>

Capitals Port Blair Chandigarh Silvassa Daman Kavaratti Pondicherry (Punducherry)

/ COUNTRIES, NATIONALITIES, \ CURRENCIES & CAPITALS (ASIA)

COUNTRY NATIONALITY CURRENCY CAPITAL

Afghanistan Afghan afghani Kabul Bahrain ( ^ T ) Bahraini dinar Manama Bangladesh («HlcHI< l) Bangladeshi taka Dhaka Bhutan (<3?R) Bhutani ngultrum Thimphu China ( ^ H l ) Chinese yuan Beijing Cyprus ('MISSJ'H) Cypriot Cyprus pound Nicosia India ( I few) Indian rupee New Delhi Indonesia (sj-^RKII) Indonesian rupiah Jakarta Iran ( t r R ) Iranian rial Tehran Iraq ( t n ^ ) Iraqi dinar Baghdad Israel Israeli shekel Jerusalem Japan (vHNIH) Japanese yen Tokyo Jordan (W^T) Jordanian dinar Amman Kazakhstan (cbvHlftvMH) Kazakhstani tenge Alma-ata Akmola North Korea (HiaJ chlRill) North Korean won(KPW) Pyongyang South Korea (-HIvJSM chlRill) South Korean won (KRW) Seoul Kuwait ( f fc l ) Kuwaiti dinar Kuwait Laos (eTTSITft) Laotian kip Vientiane Lebanon (^HIH) Lebanese pound Beirut Malaysia (Hc^RlAll) Malaysian ringgit Kuala Lumpur Maldives (HldftcH) Maldivian rufiyaa Male Mongolia Mongolian tugrik Ulaan Bator Nepal (AMM) Nepali rupee Kathmandu Oman (3?RFT) Omani rial Muscat Pakistan (mfcbwiH) Pakistani rupee Islamabad Qatar (c^ex) Qatari riyal Doha Saudi Arabia VM RIAII ) Saudi Arabian rial (SAR) Riyadh Philippines ( f q ^ F H ) Filipino or piso Manila

Philippine Singapore (RHII^) Singaporean dollar Singapore Sri Lanka ( hcichi) Sri Lankan rupee Colombo Syria (faffcn) Syrian pound Syrian pound Damascus

> (188) '

Taiwan (dl^clH) Taiwanian dollar Taipei Tajikistan Tajik tajik rouble Dushanbe

Thailand Thai baht Bangkok

Turkey Turk; Turkish turkish lira Ankara

United Arab Emirates dirham Abu Dhabi

Emirates Uzbekistan (vJuHRb+dM) Uzbekistani som (UKS) Tashkent Vietnam (RWdHm) Vietnamese dong Hanoi Yemen (TO) Yemeni riyal (YER) Sarfa

Russia Russian rouble Moscow

Algeria Angola Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde

X

3TffTen) «Ml<r<HcJM|)

w f t )

chH^H) cfnr crsf)

(AFRICA) Algerian Angolan Botswana Burkinan Burundian Cameroonian Cape Verdean

dinar kwanza pula franc CFA burundi franc franc CFA cape verde escudo

Algiers Luanda Gaborone Ouagadougou Bujumbura Yaounde Praia

Central African Central African franc CFA Bangui

Republic RqRdcb) Chad W Chadian franc CFA N'Djamena

Congo (ctfRft) Congolese franc CFA Brazzaville

Djibouti Djiboutian djibouti franc Djibouti

Egypt Egyptian pound Cairo

Equatorial Equatorial franc CFA Malabo

Guinea Guinean Eritrea Eritrean ethiopian birr Asmara

Gabon ('win) Gabonese franc CFA Libreville

Gambia (Jlfi AJI) Gambian dalasi Banjul

Ghana ("STHT) Ghanian cedi Accra

Guinea Guinean guinean franc Conakry

Guinea Bissau Guinean peso (GWP) Bissau

Kenya (^WJI) Kenyan kenya shilling Nairobi

Lesotho Lesothonian loti Maseru

Liberia (dl^^Rill) Liberian liberian dollar Monrovia

<189>

/ Madagascar Madagascan malagasy franc Antananarivo Malawi Malawian kwacha (MWK) Lilongwe Mali Malian franc CFA Bamako Mauritania ( M d i P m ) Mauritanian ouguiya Nouakchott Mauritius (iftffefara) Mauritian mauritius rupee Port Louis Morocco ( T f l ^ ) Moroccan dirham (MAD) Rabat Mozambique Mozambican metical Maputo Niger < Hl vH ) Niger-Congo franc CFA Niamey Nigeria (HljvflRm) Nigerian naira Abuja Rwanda (ycl^l) Rwandan rwanda franc Kigali Sao Tome & dobra Sao Tome Principe ftHflljq) Senegal Senegalese franc CFA Dakar Seychelles ('AVIWH) Seychelleois Seychelles rupee Victoria Somalia Somalian somali shilling Mogadishu South Africa ("HMiM 3UI>W>l) South African rand Pretoria,

Cape Town Sudan Sudanese sudanese pound/ Khartoum

dinars Tanzania (dHvHlPfill) Tanzanian tanzanian shilling Dodoma

(NORTH AMERICA) Antigua & ( ^ y a n Tying Antiguan east Caribbean St. John's Barbuda dollar Bahamas Bahamian bahamian dollar Nassau Barbados Barbadian barbados dollar Bridgetown Belize Belizean belize dollar Belmopan Canada (ebHkSl) Canadian Canadian dollar Ottawa Cuba (cJ^T) Cuban cuba peso Havana Dominica (^flPlfrl) Dominican dollar Roseau Dominican Rep. ( ^ P l c M f f r . ) Dominican peso oro Santo Domingo Grenada (t^T^l) Grenadian dollar St. George's Guatemala ('dl^Hldl) Guatemalan quetzal Guatemala City Haiti Haitian gourde Port-au-Prince Honduras Honduran lempira Tegucigalpa Jamaica Jamaican dollar Kingston

> (190) '

/ \ Mexico Mexican peso Mexico City

Nicaragua (P|cbKIJJ3n) Nicaraguan cordoba Managua

Panama (mhihi) Panamanian balboa Panama City

St. Lucia ("#5 cjR^l) Caribbean dollar Castries

Trinidad & (1MRR XTTTg Trinidadian dollar Port of Spain

Tobago riT^'ll)

United States (^Hl^-s! American dollar Washington, D.C.

of America

(SOUTH AMERICA) Argentina Argentinian peso Buenos Aires Bolivia (sflcflEim) Bolivian boliviano La Paz, Sucre Brazil (sJlvjfplcH) Brazilian real Brasilia Chile (xJl^d) Chilean Chilean peso Santiago Colombia (cblcilf^ill) Colombian peso Bogota Ecuador Ecuadorean sucre Quito Guyana (TJ3THT) Guyanese dollar Georgetown Paraguay Paraguayan guarani Asuncion Surinam Surinamese guilder Paramaribo Uruguay Uruguayan peso Montevideo Venezuela C^H^dl) Venezuelan bolivar Caracas

(OCEANIA) Australia (3ll fcHA||) Australian dollar Canberra Fiji (IWft) Fijian dollar Suva Marshall Is. (HiyTcH 3TH?.) Marshallese dollar Dalap-Uliga-Darrit Micronesia Micronesian dollar Palikir Solomon Is. S. Islander dollar Honiara Nauru ( H l ^ ) Nauruan dollar No official capital New Zealand (-ilyTlelu^) New Zealander dollar Wellington Tonga (dHIl) Tongan pa'anga Nuku'alofa

(EUROPE) Albania Albanian lek Tirana

Andorra (dkSlVl) Andorran franc/peseta Andorre la Vella

Austria (^iR-diJl) Austrian schilling Vienna

Belarus (cldl-M-l) Belorussian rouble Minsk .

\ (cldl-M-l) /

Belgium Belgian franc Brussels

Bulgaria (<s|eHlR*Jl) Bulgarian lev Sofia

Croatia (fbllîan) Croatian kuna Zagreb

Czech Republic Czechs koruna Prague

Denmark (^HHli) Dane/Danish krone Copenhagen

Estonia Estonian kroon Tallinn

Finland ((ihHclu-d) Finnish markka Helsinki

France (wRl) French franc Paris

Germany (Tiptft) German deutsche mark Berlin, Bonn

Greece (IfRr) Greek drachma Athens

Hungary (FT^f) Hungarian forint Budapest

Iceland ( y i s ^ i ^ ) Icelander krona Reykjavik

Ireland (ail^cHM) Irishman pound Dublin

Italy Italian lira Rome

Latvia (elrifclill) Latvian lats Riga

Liechtenstein (h i^h -wi^h) Liechtensteiner franc Vaduz

Lithuania (fcHâiiPiiii) Lithuanian litas Vilnius

Luxembourg Luxembourger franc Luxembourg

Malta (Hlcril) Maltese lira Valletta

Monaco (H^chl) Monegasque franc Monaco

Netherlands Dutch guilder Amsterdam

Norway Norwegian krone Oslo

Poland (Mû-d) Pole/Polish zloty Warsaw

Portugal Portuguese escudo Lisbon

Romania (^HlPKJl) Romanian lei Bucharest

San Marino ^RWl) San Marinese lira San Marino

Slovenia (wife) Pi ill) Slovenian tolar Ljubljana

Spain Spanish peseta Madrid

Sweden (*5VSSH) Swedish krona (SEK) Stockholm

Switzerland (R-cldvHy l-d) Swiss franc Berne

Ukraine (^MH) Ukrainian karbovanets Kiev

United Kingdom ( ^ h i ^ British pound sterling London

Yugoslavia (îlwiRiiii) Yugoslavian new dinar Belgrade

ARORA'S

Children's Picture Dictionary With General Knowledge (Gnv64)

Documents

Transcript of Children's Picture Dictionary With General Knowledge (Gnv64)