CHILDREN S PALACE WATER, THE MOST COMMON SOLVENT.

CHILDREN S PALACE

WATER THE MOST COMMON SOLVENT

bull bull The level of the learnerbull Students in the 7th 8th and 9th gradebull bull Theoretical notions necessary for successful completion of this unit learning

bull Ways of expressing the concentration of solutionsbull Types of chemical reactions

bull What skills you will acquirebull You will explain the procedures processes phenomena

encountered in daily lifebull You will investigate the behaviour of certain substances or

chemical systemsbull You will solve various numerical applications in order to

establish the relevant correlations demonstrating deductive and inductive reasonings

bull You will assess the consequences and the action of chemical processes on your own person and the environment

bull Contentsbull Aqueous solutions used in everyday lifebull Aqueous solutions used in laboratory practice Chemical

reactions in aqueous solutionsbull Body solutions and their physiological significancebull Water in the vegetable kingdom

1 AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USED IN EVERYDAY LIFE

bull The solution of salt kitchenbull A solution of sodium chloride infusion (physiological serum used in

medicine) has a density of 1 11 gml and contains 0 9 g NaCl per 100 ml distilled water Other salt solutions more concentrated are used for food preservation

bull bull The solutions of glucose administered for therapeutic purposes provide

the energy necessary to normal function of the cells improves the trophicity of the liver by protecting it from various pollutants improves myocardial function balances blood pressure etc Hospitals frequently use ampoules of injectable glucose concentration 5 25 respectively of the concentration of glucose 33

bull A solution obtained by dissolving 05 kg bluestone in 100 kg of water is used in the treatment of seed wheat against mălurii (a microscopic fungus) and disinfection of seeds of tomato pepper eggplant carrots etc ldquozeama bordelezărdquo also well - known is used for sprinkling the vinery against the manna (Plasmopora wine-growing fungus) which is obtained by dissolving 1 kg of bluestone with 05 kg of var nestins per 100 kg

bull Fertilizer solutions for plants bull Rhombic crystals of CuSO45H2O obtained by slow cooling of

a saturated solution of copper sulphatebull Fertilizer label used for apartment plants generally indicates a

content of 5 ammonium nitrate (5 grams of ammonium nitrate fertilizer in 100 ml fertilizer) As a rule azot is supplied by ammonium nitrate the most common source of azot in the trade fertilizer

Rhombic crystals of CuSO45H2O obtained by slow cooling of a saturated solution of copper sulphate

PRACTICAL LEARNING ACTIVITIES

bull Practical preparation of a solution of a certain percentage concentrations

bull 1 A solution of sodium chloride infusion (physiological serum used in medicine) has a density of 1 11 gml and contains 0 9 g NaCl per 100 ml distilled water

bull calculate percentage concentration of physiological serumbull prepare 005 l physiological serumbull You have on work tablebull -reagents sodium chloride distilled waterbull -utensils scales set of weights balance Berzelius glass watch

glass 50 ml volumetric flaskbull Browse through the following steps carefully in order to achieve a

correct preparation

bull Step 1 Calculate the amount of salt you will weighbull Step 2 Weigh sodium chloride while respecting the following rules in the

weighingbull balance the scalesbull weigh a watch glass place the watch glass on the left plate of the scale and

on the right plate add the appropriate weights until relevel the scalesbull add to the right-hand plate weights corresponding to the quantity of saltbull add salt until re-level the scalesbull Step 3 Add salt into a Berzelius glass and dissolve it in 10-15 ml of distilled

waterbull Step 4 Add the solution obtained in 50 ml volumetric flask and bring up to

volume sign with distilled water (pay attention to the measurement of liquids the reading is made at a lower meniscus)

bull Step 5 show to your teacher the solution prepared

bull 2 Select the reagents and the necessary utensils from the work table and prepare 100 ml solution of copper sulfate (bluestone) of 2 concentration The density of the solution is 1 2 gml

bull Use the following guidelines for a successful preparation

bull Step 1 calculate by applying the formula of density your solution the mass ndashms

bull bull Step 2 replace in the concentration formula and calculate the mass of copper

sulphate -md

bull bull Step 3 weigh md

bull bull Step 4 add md in a Berzelius glassbull bull Step 5 calculate mass of water needed for your solutionbull

bull Step 6 calculate the volume of water required for your solution

bull bull Step 7 measure the volume of distilled water add it over the

copper sulphate in the glassbull bull Step 8 shake with a wand note on a label the prepared

solution and its concentration and stick it on the glass

ASSESS YOURSELF

bull Solving numerical applications Percentage concentration of solutions Dilution of solutions Concentration of solutionsRectangle Rule

bull 1 Mix 200 g HNO3 concentration solution 63 with 400 g HNO3 solution concentration of 315 In the final solution of HNO3 are found

bull a) 4 moles HNO3

bull b) 348 cm3 H2O

bull c) 24088 10∙ 24 molecules of HNO3bull 2 A solution will take a percentage of 50 concentration ifbull a) dissolve 100 g of salt in 100 g waterbull b) to 200 g of 25 solution add 240 g waterbull c) to 400 g 80 solution add 240 g waterbull 3 Physiological serum is a 083 NaCl solution If a person is injected 20g

physiological serum in the body there are introducedbull a) 0166 g salt bull b) 19834 g water bull c) 083 g salt

bull 4 To 150 cm3 soil of sulphuric acid H2SO4 18 concentration with a density of 112gcm3 add 4g of sulfuric acid H2SO4 The percentage concentration of the final solution is

bull a) 199bull b) 199bull c) 2038bull 5 50 g solution acid azotic HNO3 60 concentration diluted with

distilled water until the solution becomes 20 concentration What is the ratio of mixing of the two liquids

bull a) 13bull b) 14bull c) 12

bull 6 What amount of sulphuric acid solution H2SO4 80 concentration must be added over 4 Kg of sulphuric acid solution H2SO4 40 to get a 50 concentration solution

bull a) 488kg sulphuric acid solution H2SO4 concentration 80

bull b) 4880g sulphuric acid solution H2SO4 80 concentration

bull c) 4880mg sulphuric acid solution H2SO4 80 concentration

bull 7 50 g of HCl solution reacts completely with 150 g of silver nitrate solution

bull a) Knowing that the resulting acid solution has a concentration 10 the initial concentrations of the two solutions are 1888 respectively 2931

bull b) the importance of the chemical reaction is the identification of anionului azotat NO3

-bull c)experimental observation is getting a cheesy white precipitate silver

chloride soluble in concentrated ammonia solution

No item answer

a b c

1234567

INFOPLUS

bull Identification of ammonium nitrate in nutrient solutions for plants in trade

bull As a rule azotul is supplied by ammonium nitrate the most common source of nitrogen in the manure for trade The presence of ammonium nitrate in a manure for plants can be checked by the following experiment

bull bull Step 1 Solubilizing sample bull If we buy a solid fertilizer we first make a sample of solubility dissolve

about one gram of manure in 10 ml of water in a test tube

bull bull Step 2 The identification of ionului azotatbull Over 5 ml solution of fertilizer solution add 5 drops of sulphuric acid

H2SO4 concentration and a few copper pieces şpan cupru (or copper powder) Our fertilizer contains nitrates because after 5 minutes the solution became blue and it was noticed emission of nitrogen dioxide NO2 brown gas with specific irritating smell

bull 2NH4NO3 + H2SO4 = 2HNO3 + (NH4)2SO4

bull 8HNO3 + 3Cu = 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NOuarr + 4H2O

bull NO + 12O2 = NO2uarr

bull bull Step 3 The identification of ionului amoniubull Over 5 ml solution fertilizer add 5 ml of NaOH 30 cover the tubersquos

mouth with a swab soaked in solution of phenolphthalein our fertilizer contains ammonium nitrate because shortly the swab becomes carmine red (presence of a base) and it feels pungent odor of ammonia in accordance with the chemical reaction equation below

bull NH4NO3 + NaOH = NH4OH + NaNO3

EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS

Spectacular behaviour of sodium silicate solution to addition of some salts

bull Workflowbull Place metal salts crystals of different colors in a

sodium silicate solution avoiding as far as possible their clutter I used medium-sized crystals as well as more compact CuSO45H2O blue Ni(NO3)2 green NiCl26H2O light green FeCl3 brown ndash yellow CoCl2 6H2O red-violet MnSO4 4H2O pale pink CrCl3 dark green KAl(SO4)2 12 H2O white FeSO4 7H2O greenish white

bull Observations and explanation of the phenomenonbull As soon as they get into the solution of silicate metal salts are

dissolved in water and the metal ions Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+ Co2+ Mn2+ form in contact with silicate ions SiO3

2- a solid membrane around the initial crystal ldquoThe cellrdquo was born The created membrane is semi - permeable only allowing the water to pass This way it demarcates the two solutions the internal one which contains only dissolved metal salt and the external containing only sodium silicate This compositional difference leads to an influx of water from the outside to the inside due to the phenomenon of osmosis (actually used by Leduc in comparing this ldquocellrdquo with a living one) The ingress of water induces an increase in internal pressure followed by breaking the membrane and its restoration resulting in an increasing tree shape

bull Obs The air bubbles ldquohungrdquo by the placed crystals supports the growth upwards

bull The glass should be covered and this way the solution can be kept for longer time The carbon dioxide present in the air disturbs the solution After about an hour the rods are stiff but with time they may break

Cation Colour

Cu2+ blue

Ni2+ light green

Fe2+ deep green

Fe3+ rust

Co2+ pink green blue to violet

Al3+ white

Mn2+ white pink to beige

CHILDREN S PALACE

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ASSESS YOURSELF

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INFOPLUS

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EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS

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bull bull The level of the learnerbull Students in the 7th 8th and 9th gradebull bull Theoretical notions necessary for successful completion of this unit learning

bull Ways of expressing the concentration of solutionsbull Types of chemical reactions























correct preparation











sulphate -md







ASSESS YOURSELF




bull b) 348 cm3 H2O
















No item answer

a b c

1234567

INFOPLUS













EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS









Cation Colour

Cu2+ blue

Ni2+ light green

Fe2+ deep green

Fe3+ rust


Al3+ white


CHILDREN S PALACE

Slide 2

Slide 3

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ASSESS YOURSELF

Slide 17

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INFOPLUS

Slide 22

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EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34























correct preparation











sulphate -md







ASSESS YOURSELF




bull b) 348 cm3 H2O
















No item answer

a b c

1234567

INFOPLUS













EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS









Cation Colour

Cu2+ blue

Ni2+ light green

Fe2+ deep green

Fe3+ rust


Al3+ white


CHILDREN S PALACE

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4


Slide 6

Slide 7

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Slide 12

Slide 13

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ASSESS YOURSELF

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Slide 20

INFOPLUS

Slide 22

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Slide 24

Slide 25

EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

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Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34











sulphate -md







ASSESS YOURSELF




bull b) 348 cm3 H2O
















No item answer

a b c

1234567

INFOPLUS













EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS









Cation Colour

Cu2+ blue

Ni2+ light green

Fe2+ deep green

Fe3+ rust


Al3+ white


CHILDREN S PALACE

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4


Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

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Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

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ASSESS YOURSELF

Slide 17

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Slide 19

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INFOPLUS

Slide 22

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Slide 24

Slide 25

EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34





ASSESS YOURSELF




bull b) 348 cm3 H2O
















No item answer

a b c

1234567

INFOPLUS













EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS









Cation Colour

Cu2+ blue

Ni2+ light green

Fe2+ deep green

Fe3+ rust


Al3+ white


CHILDREN S PALACE

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4


Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10


Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

ASSESS YOURSELF

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

INFOPLUS

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

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Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34



bull b) 348 cm3 H2O
















No item answer

a b c

1234567

INFOPLUS













EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS









Cation Colour

Cu2+ blue

Ni2+ light green

Fe2+ deep green

Fe3+ rust


Al3+ white


CHILDREN S PALACE

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4


Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10


Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

ASSESS YOURSELF

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

INFOPLUS

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34














No item answer

a b c

1234567

INFOPLUS













EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS









Cation Colour

Cu2+ blue

Ni2+ light green

Fe2+ deep green

Fe3+ rust


Al3+ white


CHILDREN S PALACE

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4


Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10


Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

ASSESS YOURSELF

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

INFOPLUS

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

INFOPLUS













EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS









Cation Colour

Cu2+ blue

Ni2+ light green

Fe2+ deep green

Fe3+ rust


Al3+ white


CHILDREN S PALACE

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4


Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10


Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

ASSESS YOURSELF

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

INFOPLUS

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34












EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS









Cation Colour

Cu2+ blue

Ni2+ light green

Fe2+ deep green

Fe3+ rust


Al3+ white


CHILDREN S PALACE

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4


Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10


Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

ASSESS YOURSELF

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

INFOPLUS

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34








Cation Colour

Cu2+ blue

Ni2+ light green

Fe2+ deep green

Fe3+ rust


Al3+ white


CHILDREN S PALACE

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4


Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10


Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

ASSESS YOURSELF

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

INFOPLUS

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

CHILDREN S PALACE

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4


Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10


Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

ASSESS YOURSELF

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

INFOPLUS

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

EXPERIMENTAL TOPICS

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

CHILDREN S PALACE WATER, THE MOST COMMON SOLVENT.

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Transcript of CHILDREN S PALACE WATER, THE MOST COMMON SOLVENT.