Children orphaned and made vulnerable by AIDS

Only asked in countries with high HIV prevalence or high proportion of children orphaned

Additional module in household questionnaire

Purpose

• To monitor the impact of AIDS on children• Indicators are specific to children vulnerable

because of high levels of adult mortality or adult morbidity. Defined as:– Either or both parents have died– Either or both parents are chronically ill– Lives in a household where adult who was

chronically ill has died in prior 12 months– Lives in a household where adult is chronically

illSee further explanation of terms in interviewers guide

Indicators

• Prevalence of orphans • Prevalence of vulnerable children• External support• And other indicators comparing the well-

being of orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) versus non-OVC– Education, Sex before age 15, Malnutrition

• Further description of indicators and definition: Guide to Monitoring and Evaluating the National Response for Children Orphaned and Made Vulnerable by HIV/AIDS (UNICEF, 2005)

Methodological issues

• Definition of OVC is a proxy for children affected by AIDS; should not be used to monitor children vulnerable due to other causes

• Indicator on external support provides information on whether household of child has access to services or support mechanisms (presented by child, not household)

Table HA10: Children’s living arrangements and orphanhood

Table HA.10: Children's living arrangements and orphanhood

Only father alive

Only mother alive

Both are alive

Both are dead

Father alive

Father dead

Mother alive

Mother dead

Sex

Male 100.0

Female 100.0

Not living with a

biological parent*

One or both

parents dead**

Number of

children

Living with both parents

Living with neither parent

Total

Percent distribution of children aged 0-17 years according to living arrangements, percentage of children aged 0-17 years in households not living with a biological parent and percentage of children who are orphans, Country, Year

Living with mother only

Living with father only

Impossible to

determine

*MICS indicator 78: Children who are not living with at least one biological parent, either because the parents live elsewhere or because the parents are dead (HL9=2 or HL10=00) and (HL11=2 or HL12=00).

** MICS indicator 75: Children for whom one or both biological parents are dead (HL9=2 or HL11=2).The denominator in this table is children age 0-17 years enumerated in the household listing.

Table HA.11 Prevalence of orphanhood and vulnerability

Table HA.11: Prevalence of orphanhood and vulnerability among children

Chronically ill parent

Adult death in household

Chronically ill adult in

householdVulnerable children*

One or both parents dead**

Orphans and vulnerable children

Number of children aged

0-17 years

Sex

Male

Female

Percentage of children aged 0-17 years who are orphaned or vulnerable due to AIDS, Country, Year

* MICS indicator 76 Proportion of children who are vulnerable** MICS indicator 75 Proportion of children who are orphaned

Drop background characteristics if sample sizes are too small.

Table HA.12 School attendance

Table HA.12: School attendance of orphaned and vulnerable children

School attendance of children aged 10-14 years by orphanhood and vunerability due to AIDS, Country, Year

Percent of children whose mother

and father have died

School attendance

rate of children whose

mother and father have

died

Percent of children of whom both parents are

alive and child is living with at least one

parent

School attendance rate

of children of whom both

parents are alive and child is living with at least one

parent

Double orphans to

non-orphans school

attendance ratio*

Percent of children who are orphaned or vulnerable

School attendance of children who are

orphaned or vulnerable

Percent of children who

are not orphaned or vulnerable

School attendance of children who

are not orphaned or vulnerable

OVC vs non-OVC school attendance

ratio

Total number of children

aged 10-14 years

Sex

Male

Female

MICS indicator 77, MDG indicator 20 School attendance ratio: Double orphans versus non-orphans living with at least one parent.

Also useful to present by “OVC” status. Provide value for overall groups to show

Drop background characteristics if sample sizes are too small.

Table HA.13 External support

MICS indicator 81: Support for children orphaned and made vulnerable by AIDS 1) Medical support within the past 12 months, 2) Emotional support within the past 3 months, 3) Material or social support, within the past 3 months, 4) School-related assistance within the past 12 months, 5) Any support is based on any of the 4 types of support for children aged 5-17, and on 3 types of support (excluding educational support) for children aged 0-4 years. Denominator for all columns is children aged 0-17 years orphaned and made vulnerable by AIDS

Table HA.13: Support for children orphaned and vulnerable due to AIDS

Medical support (in

last 12 months)

Emotional and

psychosocial support (in

last 3 months

Social/ material

support (in last 3

months)

Educational support (in

last 12 months)

Any support*

All types of support

No support at all

Sex

Male

Female

Percentage of children aged 0-17 years orphaned or made vulnerable due to AIDS whose households receive free basic external support in caring for the child, Country, Year

Number of children

orphaned or vulnerable aged 0-17

years

Percent of orphans and vulnerable children whose households received:

Data on orphanhood in TACRO

Percent of children 0-14 who are orphans (one or both parents dead)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

DR 2002 Peru 2000 Bolivia1998

Columbia2000

Haiti 2000

Per

cen

t

Orphan school attendance ratio -- TACRO

Ratio of school attendance for 10-14 year old children: double orphans versus non-orphans

living with at least one parent

0.75

0.80

0.85

0.90

0.95

1.00

Peru Haiti Suriname DominicanRepublic

Guatemala

Ra

tio

Orphan school attendance ratio – WCARO, select countries

Ratio of school attendance for 10-14 year old children: double orphans versus non-orphans living with at least

one parent

0.000.200.400.600.801.001.20

Sierr

a Leo

neDRC

Côte d

'Ivoire

Gam

bia

Eq. Guin

eaTogo

Gab

on

Camero

on

Guin

ea-B

issa

uM

ali

Chad

Rat

io

Orphan school attendance ratio – Asia

Ratio of school attendance for 10-14 year old children: double orphans versus non-orphans living with at least

one parent

0.65

0.70

0.75

0.80

0.85

Cambodia Indonesia

Rat

io