Module 6: Adolescents, HIV, and Mental Illness Adolescent HIV Care and Treatment.
Children, HIV and AIDSto reduce HIV incident infections, particularly in adolescent girls and young...
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1 Children, HIV and AIDS Regional snapshot: Sub-Saharan Africa FIGURE 2. Annual number of new HIV infections among children aged 0–9, by period of of transmission, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2010–2018 FIGURE 3. Annual number of new HIV infections among adolescents aged 10–19, by sex, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2010–2018 Sub-Saharan Africa is home to nearly 90 per cent of all children and adolescents living with HIV. Yet, the epidemic’s impact among those populations varies widely across the region. Six countries (Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania) account for 58 per cent of the children and adolescents (aged 0–19) living with HIV and 61 per cent of all children and adolescents who acquired HIV in 2018. Critical priorities across sub-Saharan Africa are to reduce vertical transmission by retaining women living with HIV in treatment and care throughout pregnancy and the breastfeeding period and to reduce HIV incident infections, particularly in adolescent girls and young women. Key approaches include interventions that engage partners of pregnant and lactating women, the scale-up of HIV self-testing and the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for both women and their partners at heightened risk. Data source: UNAIDS 2019 estimates. Note: Almost all new HIV infections among younger children occur among those aged 0–4, either through pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding. Perinatal infections Post-natal infections Data source: UNAIDS 2019 estimates. Note: Almost all sexually transmitted HIV infections are assumed to occur after age 14; the numbers of sexually transmitted infections occurring before age 15 are negligible. The dotted lines above and below the numbers in the chart refer to the confidence interval. Adolescent girls Adolescent boys DECEMBER 2019 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 140,000 110,000 120,000 100,000 110,000 92,000 100,000 88,000 91,000 84,000 84,000 78,000 83,000 73,000 78,000 71,000 68,000 75,000 180,000 170,000 160,000 160,000 150,000 150,000 140,000 140,000 130,000 38,000 36,000 35,000 34,000 33,000 33,000 32,000 31,000 30,000 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 FIGURE 1. Number of children and adolescents aged 0–19 living with HIV, by country, 2018 Data source: UNAIDS 2019 estimates. Note: This map does not claim any official position by the United Nations. Countries are classified according to the Sub-Saharan Africa geographical region. HIV estimates are not available for Cabo Verde, Comoros and Seychelles. For more information, please visit data.unicef.org. <100 Legend 460,000 The number of mothers living with HIV receiving antiretroviral medicines has nearly doubled since 2010, but progress has slowed in recent years aged 0–14 living with HIV receive treatment 4 in 5 new HIV infections among adolescents occurred among adolescent girls Only half of children
Transcript of Children, HIV and AIDSto reduce HIV incident infections, particularly in adolescent girls and young...
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Children, HIV and AIDS Regional snapshot: Sub-Saharan Africa
FIGURE 2. Annual number of new HIV infections among children aged 0–9, by period of of transmission, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2010–2018
FIGURE 3. Annual number of new HIV infections among adolescents aged 10–19, by sex, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2010–2018
Sub-Saharan Africa is home to nearly 90 per cent of all children and adolescents living with HIV. Yet, the epidemic’s impact among those populations varies widely across the region. Six countries (Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania) account for 58 per cent of the children and adolescents (aged 0–19) living with HIV and 61 per cent of all children and adolescents who acquired HIV in 2018. Critical priorities across sub-Saharan Africa are to reduce vertical transmission by retaining women living with HIV in treatment and care throughout pregnancy and the breastfeeding period and to reduce HIV incident infections, particularly in adolescent girls and young women. Key approaches include interventions that engage partners of pregnant and lactating women, the scale-up of HIV self-testing and the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for both women and their partners at heightened risk.
Data source: UNAIDS 2019 estimates.Note: Almost all new HIV infections among younger children occur among those aged 0–4, either through pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding.
Perinatal infections
Post-natal infections
Data source: UNAIDS 2019 estimates.Note: Almost all sexually transmitted HIV infections are assumed to occur after age 14; the numbers of sexually transmitted infections occurring before age 15 are negligible. The dotted lines above and below the numbers in the chart refer to the confidence interval.
Adolescent girls
Adolescent boys
DECEMBER 2019
0
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100,000
150,000
200,000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
140,000
110,000 120,000
100,000 110,000
92,000 100,000
88,000 91,000 84,000 84,000
78,000 83,000 73,000 78,000 71,000 68,000
75,000
180,000 170,000 160,000 160,000 150,000 150,000 140,000 140,000 130,000
38,000 36,000 35,000 34,000 33,000 33,000 32,000 31,000 30,000
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
FIGURE 1. Number of children and adolescents aged 0–19 living with HIV, by country, 2018
Data source: UNAIDS 2019 estimates. Note: This map does not claim any official position by the United Nations. Countries are classified according to the Sub-Saharan Africa geographical region. HIV estimates are not available for Cabo Verde, Comoros and Seychelles. For more information, please visit data.unicef.org.
<100
Legend
460,000
The number of mothers living with HIV receiving antiretroviral medicines has nearly doubled since 2010, but progress hasslowed in recent years
aged 0–14 living with HIV receive treatment
4 in 5 new HIV infections among adolescents occurred among adolescent girls
Only half of children
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FIGURE 5. Number of pregnant women living with HIV and number and percentage receiving antiretrovirals (ARVs) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2010–2018
FIGURE 6. Number of HIV-exposed infants and number and percentage tested for HIV within two months of birth, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2010–2018
FIGURE 7. Number of children aged 0–14 living with HIV and number and percentage receiving antiretroviral therapy, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2010–2018
Pregnant women living with HIV
Pregnant women receiving ARVs
HIV-exposed infants
Infants tested
Children living with HIV
Children on ART
Data source: Global AIDS Monitoring 2019 and UNAIDS 2019 estimates.Note: PMTCT coverage includes most effective antiretroviral regimens, excluding single-dose nevirapine.
44%
58%
68%73%
79% 82% 83% 84% 84%
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600,000
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
35% 39%44% 42% 43%
53% 49%56% 60%
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18%24%
28%32%
38% 42% 47% 50% 52%
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Epidemiology Estimate Lower Upper
Number of children and adolescents living with HIV 2,500,000 1,700,000 23,300,000
Children aged 0–9 990,000 760,000 1,300,000
Adolescents aged 10–19 1,500,000 970,000 2,100,000
Number of new HIV infections, children and adolescents 300,000 130,000 550,000
Children aged 0–9* 140,000 94,000 230,000
Adolescents aged 10–19 160,000 40,000 320,000
Adolescent girls 130,000 19,000 200,000
Adolescent boys 30,000 2,100 80,000
HIV incidence per 1,000 adolescents aged 15–19 1.42 0.36 2.90
Adolescent girls 2.22 0.33 4.61
Adolescent boys 0.52 0.04 1.41
Number of AIDS-related deaths, children and adolescents 100,000 67,000 160,000
Children aged 0–9 73,000 46,000 120,000
Adolescents aged 10–19 30,000 21,000 44,000
Number of children aged 0–17 who lost one or both parents due to AIDS 11,000,000 8,400,000 14,000,000
Number of pregnant women living with HIV 1,200,000 860,000 1,400,000
Mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV, final 12.2 10.1 15.6
Perinatal transmission 6.4 5.0 9.0
Post-natal transmission 5.8 5.1 6.5
KEY FACTS:Children and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2018
HIV response Estimate Lower Upper
PMTCT coverage (ART) (%) 84.4 62.5 >95
Early infant diagnosis (%) 60.4 48.8 81.6
ART coverage, children 0–14 (%)** 52.0 34.9 69.8
Note: Due to rounding, estimates may not add up to the total. Lower and upper estimates refer to the confidence interval. *Almost all new HIV infections among younger children occur among those aged 0–4, either through pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding. **Data on ART coverage are insufficient by five-year age group. Global and regional ART coverage is only reliably estimated for children aged 0–14. Where available, data are presented separately for younger children (aged 0–9) and adolescents (10–19).
Indicator definitions: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate: Number of new HIV infections among children under five, per 100 pregnant women living with HIV in the last year. HIV incidence per 1,000 adolescents: Number of new HIV infections among adolescents age 15–19, per 1,000 adolescents. PMTCT coverage: Percentage of pregnant women living with HIV who received antiretrovirals to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Early infant diagnosis: Percentage of infants born to HIV-positive mothers who were tested for HIV within two months of birth. ART coverage among children aged 0–14: Percentage of children aged 0–14 living with HIV who are receiving antiretroviral treatment.
Data sources: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate: UNAIDS 2019 estimates; HIV incidence per 1,000 adolescents: UNAIDS 2019 estimates; PMTCT coverage: Global AIDS Monitoring 2019 and UNAIDS 2019 estimates; Early infant diagnosis: Global AIDS Monitoring 2019 and UNAIDS 2019 estimates; ART coverage among children aged 0–14: Global AIDS Monitoring 2019 and UNAIDS 2019 estimates
Maternal ART (%)
FIGURE 4. Percentage of children aged 0–14 living with HIV and pregnant women living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), Sub-Saharan Africa, 2010–2018
Data source: UNAIDS 2019 estimates and Global AIDS Monitoring
Paediatric ART (%)
18 24 28 32 38 42 47 50 5214 21 29 43 64 75 80 84 840
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
