Childhood DisordersChildhood DisordersChildhood DisordersChildhood Disorders

Lori RidgewayLori Ridgeway

PSYC 3560PSYC 3560

Overview• Internalizing

• Externalizing

• Developmental/learning

• Feeding/eating

• Elimination

Internalizing Disorders• Separation Anxiety• School Phobia• Selective Mutism• Reactive Attachment• “___________” Disorders

– PTSD– Depression– GAD

Separation Anxiety Disorder

• Anxiety about separating from home/family– Distress– Worry– Avoidance– _______________– Physical complaints

• 4 weeks• Before 18 years

Issues with SAD• Comorbidity - other anxiety disorders• Cultural values of _______________• Prevalence = 4%• Late onset uncommon• Biology

– First degree relatives– Parents with panic disorder

School Phobia

Selective Mutism• Failure to ___________

• At least 1 month

• Exclusions:– Language– Communication disorders

Issues with Selective Mutism

• Related features– Social anxiety– Oppositional behavior

• Prevalence = <1%• More common in ___________• Typical onset before 5• Chronic anxiety

Reactive Attachment Disorder

• Disturbed social relatedness

• Before ___________

• Pathological care

• Inhibited vs. disinhibited types

Issues with RAD• ___________ and institutional care• Comorbidity

– Developmental delays– Feeding disorders

• Physical complications• Very uncommon• Prolonged neglect

Treatment for Internalizing Disorders

• Behavioral & cognitive behavioral– ___________ & ___________– Gradual exposure– Relaxation– Reinforcement– Parent training/parent management– Cognitive approaches with older children

“___________” Disorders• Symptom presentation

• PTSD

• ODD

• Mood disorders

• Phobias and panic

Developmental & Learning Disorders

• Autistic Disorder

• ___________

• LD

• Mental Retardation

• Tic Disorders

• Communication & Motor Disorders

Autism• Impaired __________________

• Impaired communication

• Repetitive/stereotyped patterns

• Onset prior to age 3

Related Features with Autism

• Mental retardation• Weaker ___________ skills• Hyperlexia / “prodigies”• Behavioral difficulties• Self-injurious behavior (SIB)• Sensory abnormalities• Affective abnormalities• Feeding disorders

Issues with Autism• Prevalence = 5 in 10,000

• 3-4 times higher in ___________

• Females more severe MR

• Continuous course

• Differences in Sx’s over time

• Best predictors language & IQ

Biology and Autism• Increased risk in siblings (5%)• ____________________ twins 36%-91%• Risk for developmental problems• Consistent prevalence across cultures• Specific genetic disorders• Pre- and perinatal complications• Brain abnormalities

Asperger’s• ___________ spectrum disorder• Impaired social interaction• Repetitive/stereotyped patterns• Normal language and cognitive

development• Continuous course• Increased risk in family members

Treatment for Autistic Spectrum Disorders

• Behavioral model– Intensive ___________ training– Manding– Social skills training

• Controversial treatments– Diet– Sensory therapies– Communication boards

Learning Disabilities• Significant disparity between

___________ and ___________

• IQ higher than achievement

• Reading

• Mathematics

• Written expression

Issues with LD• Prevalence = 2-10%

• 40% ___________ school

• Comorbidity externalizing and internalizing disorders

• Problem cutoff for significance

• Problem cultural sensitivity

Mental Retardation• Significantly ___________

• Significant impairment in adaptive functioning

• Onset prior to age 18

Severity of MR• Mild = IQ of 50-55 to 70

– _____% of those with MR

• Moderate = IQ of 35-40 to 50-55– 10% of those with MR

• Severe = IQ of 20-25 to 35-40– 3-4% of those with MR

• Profound = IQ below 20-25– 1-2% of those with MR

Etiology of MR• 30-40% no clear cause

• Heredity and genetic disorders

• Environmental ___________

• Developmental disorders

• Pre- and perinatal complications

• Medical complications

Issues with MR• Prevalence = 1%

• Cultural sensitivity in testing

• Slightly more common in males

• SES factors

Tic Disorders• ___________ disorder

• Chronic motor tic disorder

• Chronic vocal tic disorder

Feeding & Eating Disorders

• ___________

• Rumination

• Anorexia

• Bulimia

Elimination Disorders• Enuresis

• Encopresis