Child Labour - Ipec presentation 2010
21
1 Targeting the intolerable The International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour
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Transcript of Child Labour - Ipec presentation 2010
1
Targeting the intolerable
The International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour
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What is Child Labour? • It is work that children should not be doing because they are too young to work, or – if they are old enough to work – because it is dangerous or otherwise unsuitable for them
• Not all work done by children should be classified as child labour to be eliminated. Some types of work, e.g. earning pocket money during school holidays, can be beneficial to a child’s development
• Whether or not particular forms of “work” can be called “child labour” depends on the child’s age, the type and hours of work performed and the conditions under which it is performed, as set out in the ILO Conventions
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Causes of Child Labour
• Poverty• Culture and tradition• Barriers to education• Market demand• The effects of income shocks on households• Lack of legislation and/or poor enforcement of existing legislation
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Consequences of Child Labour • Deprives them of schooling or requires them to assume the multiple burden of schooling and work
• Jeopardises their health and safety – high risk of illness and injury…even death • Affects their physical development (malnutrition, long working hours in bad conditions)• Exposes them to physical and psychological abuse and violence which all have long term consequences• Deprives them of their childhood and of their future
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Magnitude of the problemMagnitude of the problem
Child labour in the world
215,000,000
Child labourers,5-17 years old
115,000,000Engaged in hazardous work, 5-17 years old
66
Global trends in child labour (age group 5-17, million)
245.5
222.3
215.3
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
2000 2004 2008
Year
Mill
ion
77
Global trends in child labour (age group 5-17, percentage)
16.0
13.6
14.2
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
2000 2004 2008
Year
%
88
Global trends in hazardous work (age group 5-17, million)
170.5
128.4
115.3
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
2000 2004 2008
Year
Mill
ion
99
Global trends in hazardous work (age group 5-17, percentage)
11.1
8.2
7.3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2000 2004 2008Year
%
1010
Global trends in child labour, by sex (age group 5-17, million)
132.2
119.6
127.8
113.3
102.7
87.5
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
2000 2004 2008
Year
Mill
ion
Boys Girls
1111
Global trends in child labour by sex (age group 5-17, percentage)
16.8%
14.9%15.6%
15.2%
13.5%
11.4%
10.0%
11.0%
12.0%
13.0%
14.0%
15.0%
16.0%
17.0%
18.0%
2000 2004 2008
Year
%
Boys Girls
1212
Children in employment (aged group 5-14, million)
127
17
48
122
11
49
96
10
58
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Asia and the Pacific Latin America and theCaribbean
Sub-Saharan Africa
Region
Mill
ion
2000 2004 2008
1313
Children in employment (aged group 5-14, percentage)
19.1 18.8
14.8; Asia and the Pacific,
10.0
16.1
9.0; Latin America and the Caribbean
26.428.8 28.4; Sub-Saharan
Africa
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2000 2004 2008
Year
%
14
Magnitude of the problemMagnitude of the problem
Sectoral distribution of working children, 2008
60.0%25.5%
7.0% 7.5%
AgricultureServicesIndustryNot Defined
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Practical ActionPractical ActionILO Conventions and Declaration:ILO Minimum Age Convention No. 138, 1973→ requires a national policy for the elimination of child labour→ requires a specification of a minimum ageRatified by: 156 of the 183 ILO member States
ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention No. 182, 1999→ requires governments to take immediate and effective measures to prohibit and eliminate the worst forms of child labour as a priority (art. 1)Ratified by: 173 of the ILO member StatesILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles
and Rights at Work
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The International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC)
• Launched in 1992• Main objective: the progressive elimination of child
labour• To be achieved through strengthening the capacity of
countries to deal with the problem and promoting a worldwide movement to combat child labour
• IPEC is now working in nearly 90 countries and benefitting millions of children
• IPEC employs internationally recognized labour standards and technical cooperation projects towards achievement of its objective
• Tripartite cooperation with governments, workers’ and employers’ organizations is the cornerstone of national action against child labour and IPEC interventions
Practical ActionPractical Action
© G
. Pal
azzo
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The International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC)
• In countries all over the world, IPEC inspires, guides and supports national and regional initiatives to eliminate child labour
• The basis of its action is the political will and commitment of individual governments to address the problem
• IPEC operates a phased and multi-sectoral strategy which motivates a broad alliance of partners to acknowledge and act against child labour
• Sustainability is built in from the start through an emphasis on in-country ownership.
Practical ActionPractical Action
© G
. Pal
azzo
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IPEC’s strategy: “top down” & “bottom up”
Practical ActionPractical Action
© G
. Pal
azzo
Working together with goverments, trade unions and employers to improve legislation, support national plans of action on child labour and strengthen the capacities of key players at the policy, planning and intervention levels
Demonstrating viable strategies for the prevention of child labour, withdrawal of children from work, the rehabilitation of former child labourers and ensuring their access to education
Mainstreaming child labour issues into national and global development frameworks
Creating awareness at all levels and mobilising alliances and partnerships
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Practical ActionPractical Action
Projects supporting direct interventions for at-risk children, child labourers, their families and communities, including:• Community mobilisation and awareness raising• Withdrawal and rehabilitation services• Provision of education (formal and non- formal) and vocational training• Economic empowerment of targeted families• Local child labour monitoring, involving the local community in identifying child labourers and linking them to appropriate services
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Practical ActionPractical Action
Achieving the elimination of the worst forms of child labour by 2016 – the ILO’s three pronged strategy• Supporting national responses to child labour, in particular, through effective mainstreaming of child labour concerns in national development and policy framework• Deepening and strengthening the worldwide movement; and• Promoting further integration of child labour concerns within overall ILO policies
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Practical ActionPractical Action
The 2010 ILO Global Report: Accelerating action against child labour• Child labour continues to decline, but progress is too slow and too uneven• Significant acceleration and upscaling of action is needed to achieve the 2016 goal• Critical policy areas: education, social protection, decent work for adultsThe Hague 2010 Global Child Labour Conference – Roadmap adopted setting out priority actions for ways to accelerate action and to increase collaboration to achieve the 2016 goal
