child labour final

YEAR-2010

SURVEY REPORT ON THE PREVALENCE OF CHILD LABOURPREPARED BY:

Lipsha sahoo

KIIT

YEA R-2010

Contents INTRODUCTION:-

CHILDREN ENGAGED:-

AGE GROUP OF CHILDREN ENGAGED:

EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN:

WAGE STATUS:

WORKING HOURS:

HEALTH AND OTHER FACILITIES:

PUBLIC OPINION:

CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR:

SUGGESTIONS:

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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CHILD LABOURCHILD LABOUR

YEA R-2010

CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE PROJECT

ENTITLED “THE PREVALENCE OF CHILD LABOUR

” HAS BEEN SUBMITTED BY LIPSHA SAHOO

UNDER MY GUIDANCE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE PROJECT WORK IN 1ST YR. OF +2

SCIENCE OF KIIT SCIENCE COLLEGE,

BHUBANESWAR DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR

2009-2011.

PLACE: BHUBANESWAR

DATE:

SIGNATURE OF GUIDE

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the prime outset, I am privileged to

acknowledged ___________________________,

Lecturer of KIIT Science college for her

encouragement and guidance, which enable me

to finish this study properly, I am greatly

indebted & obliged to him for permitting to

undertake this study.

I am highly obliged to the HOD and all

faculty members of the Science Department for

their advice and suggestions to my project

work.

My sincere thanks to all my friends, whose

thoughts and insights help me in furnishing my

knowledge and understanding of this project.

At last my sincere thanks to my parents to

have backing support me on my way.

Lipsha Sahoo

Roll No-189

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INTRODUCTION:-

The term Child Labor is used for employment of children below a certain age, which is considered illegal by law and custom. The stipulated age varies from country to country and government to government. Child labor is a world phenomenon which is considered exploitative and inhuman by many international organizations.

Child workers are engaged primarily in agriculture and allied activities in rural areas and in a variety of industries and informal sector activities in the urban areas. The most exploitative form of child labor includes child prostitution and forced and bonded labor, which is found in some parts of the country. The situation of girl child laborers in the country would call for particular attention.

Child labor has emerged as an increasingly important issue, reflecting heightened sensitivity to problems at all levels. The Constitution of India and successive governments have targeted its elimination and promoted universalisation of education.

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Recently (in the year 2007) a fresh child labor survey has been conducted in Cuttack district through the State Labor Institute, Bhubaneswar. As per the said survey report 14,509 child labor have been detected in the district. Out of which 3,203 are under hazardous sector ,6,280 are under non-hazardous sector and 5,026 are under No Where children category

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CHILDREN ENGAGED:- AS DOMESTIC HELP:

Child domestic labor (CDL) is culturally accepted and widely prevalent in India. The classification of CDL applies to children who are engaged to perform domestic tasks in the home of a third party or employer and not their family.

Based on the 2001 censusAn estimated 185,595 children are employed as domestic help and in dhabas (small roadside eateries).In actual fact, a majority of domestic working children work long hours for low wages and are exploited and abused physically and mentally.

As defined in the International Labour Organization (ILO) Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (No. 182), 1999, where child domestic labour is exploitative and includes trafficking, slavery, or practices similar to slavery, or work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is hazardous and likely to harm the health, safety, or morals of the child, it constitutes a worst form of child labour.

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AS WORKERS IN DIFFERENT FARMS:Children work in agricultural farms and lands or are engaged in conventional industrial occupations. Andhra Pradesh has the largest number of 17 lakhs children as per the 1991 census. The other States having more than 10 lakh working children are Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. More than 90 per cent of these children are engaged in rural sectors, i.e., agriculture and its allied activities like harvesting, farming, animal husbandary, forestry and fishing. Presently, the child laborers are concentrated mainly in Sivakasi ,Tamil Nadu(matches and fireworks industries), in Uttar Pradesh, Firozabad, (glass industry), Khurja (pottery), Mirzapur-Bhadohi (carpet).

SEEMA ENGAGED IN ENGAGED IN

COTTON SEED FARM DAIRY FARM

Seema is barely nine-year-old but from morning till evening she is engaged in the fields of a cotton seed farm that process high tech cotton seeds genetically engineered to contain a natural pesticide. To get the seeds to breed true, the farmers have to cross-pollinate the plants, a laborious task that keeps a peak of a dozen workers busy for several months on just one acre. And to make a profit, the farmers have to use cheap labor.

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IN COMMERCIAL ESTABLISSHMENT:Based on the 2001 census, 49,893 children work in auto-repair workshops.

An estimated 85,595 children are employed as in dhabas (small roadside eateries).

IN MANIFACTURING UNIT:

For more than seven decades, thousands of children have been working in the match factories at Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu. The total labor force in this industry is estimated to be 200,000, with about 35 percent being children. Some of these children are bonded child laborers. Factory owners send their vehicles to collect these children from villages. Many of them start their day as early as 4 a.m. and some even work until 10 p.m. At times they are made to work for 14 hours a day for a few more rupees on their wages; observers state that they work even during national holidays. Children are generally paid on a piece-rate basis. Payment for a piece is very low and thus they are indirectly forced to work faster and longer.

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IN HAZARDOUS MATERIALS:Based on the 2001 census, 252,000 children are engaged in beedi manufacturing and 208,833 in the construction sector.

Children who are engaged in different hazardous work are affected by severe health hazards such as gem polishing industry are exposed to finger injuries and poor illumination.

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AGE GROUP OF CHILDREN ENGAGED:As per 2001 census, most of the child of age group 5-10 years is engaged in commercial establishments like dhabas, auto vehicle repairing centres. These places children are severely punished for a small mistake committed by them.

In house hold purpose in 5-10 years children are engaged vastly.

After 10 years children are engaged in different manufacturing units as daily labourer.

A wide range of children between 7-12 years are employed in different hazardous materials.

Educational status of children:Few children of child labour group can get their study hardly up to primary level.Almost 90% of children of child labourer cannot start their study also.The pie chart given below can easily describes the educational position of child labour :

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Wage status:All children working as domestic help, they get their wage as food and shelter in sahib’s custody.

The children working in different farms, commercial establishments they get their wage as daily basis but the wage is very low as compared to the work that has been drawn from them.

They, who are engaged in household purpose, are given their wages in monthly basis. But in some places their wages are cut down by showing different types of injudicious reasons.

As a whole the wages which are given towards child labour are not satisfactory as compared to the work the labourers <child> given.

Working Hours:In household help i.e. as a slaver the children engaged are working for their master for 24 hours. There no time limitations for the working period of child.

Similar case is found in case of child labour at dhabas, auto repair work shops etc.

In manufacturing unit the child labourers have a fixed time between which they have to complete a given amount of work.

In agricultural and allied agricultural sector child labourers are worked for day time only and sometimes they are working for half of the day.

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Health and other facilities:

Health facilities for the child labourer are very poor for in continued society.

Normal standard of health facilities are also not given to the children.

But in manufacturing accidental hospitality will be given to the child workers.

In some factories like beedi factory, cotton factory the child workers are faces some terrible health hazards which are causing death some times.

Public opinion:

Public opinion poll says that 98% vote goes to abolishment of child labour as it is shame tradition for any country but, in INDIA the inhuman child labour is still branching itself day by day due to some selfish and rude people.

Causes of child labour:

90% of the total reason goes to the poor financial condition of family, which enforces children to mix up with the stream of child labour.

In Orissa different natural calamities created much more numbers of orphans, who are not get a piece of cloth also ,which provides much more scope to the child labour hackers.

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Suggestions:

If Government created some NGO who will take the responsibilities of the natural calamity affected children and provide some funds for their developments then it will create a negative acceleration to the child labour.

If the law on child labours are implemented tightly then it also provides some relaxation to the strain like child labour.

Provide regular information on the enrolment and retention in schools of released children.

Monitor child labor trends through the identification of variables and parameters affecting child vulnerability to economic exploitation and strengthen the link between child labor prevention and education strategies.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. RURAL LABOUR ENQUIRY REPORT ON GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

OF RURAL LABOUR HOUSEHOLDS(55th Round of N.S.S.) 1999-

2000

2. 2007 Annual Report for ACT/EMP’s Child Labour Project

3. INTERNET RESOURCES

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child labour final

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