Child Labor in the Philippines is the employment of children in hazardous occupations below the age

of eighteen (18), or without the proper conditions and requirements below the age of fifteen (15),

where children are compelled to work on a regular basis to earn a living for themselves and their

families, and as a result are disadvantaged educationally and socially.

The National Statistics Office (NSO) has said there are currently around 5.5 million child laborers

aged 5–17 in the country, around 3 million of whom are exposed to environments that are

considered hazardous.

The International Labour Organization estimates that 55.3% of these children undertake hazardous

work in an agricultural setting.

Definitions[edit]

Republic Act No. 7610, known as the Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation, and

Discrimination Act, gives the followings definitions pertinent to understanding the Child Labor

situation in the Philippines:

Children - refers to persons below eighteen (18) years of age or those over but are unable to

fully take care of themselves or protect themselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or

discrimination because of a physical or mental disability or condition. (Section 3)[1]

Child Labor - refers to the illegal employment of children below the age of fifteen (15), where

they are not directly under the sole responsibility of their parents or legal guardian, or the latter

employs other workers apart from their children, who are not members of their families, or their

work endangers their life, safety, health and morals or impairs their normal development

including schooling. This also extends to the situation of children below the age of eighteen (18)

who are employed in hazardous occupations. (Section 12)[1]

The joint project of the Philippine National Statistics Office and International Labor Organization

made distinctions on the kinds of work that children subjected to.[4]

Hazardous Work[edit]

Chemical - work involves exposure to: Dust (e.g. silica, dust, standing dust), Liquid (e.g. oil,

gasoline, mercury), Mist, fumes, or vapors (e.g. paint, insecticides or pesticide spraying), Gas

(e.g. oxygen, ammonia), etc.

Physical - work involves exposure to: Noise,Temperature or humidity, Pressure, Inadequate

illumination or lighting, Slip, trip, or fall hazards, Insufficient exit for prompt escape, Congested

lay-out Radiation, ultraviolet, or microwave, etc.

Biological - work involves exposure to: Viral, Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic (e.g. drinking water

affected with amoeba), etc.

Permissible Work[edit]

Children are allowed to undertake work under certain conditions.[5]

A child below 15 years old can be permitted to work if he/she is under supervision by family

senior/ parents provided that the child works directly under the sole responsibility of his/her

parents or legal guardian and where only members of his/her family are employed.

The child’s employment does not endangers his/her life, safety, health, and morals, or impairs

his/her normal development.

The parent or legal guardian shall provide the said child with the prescribed primary and/or

secondary education.

The employer first secures a work permit for the child from the Department of Labor and

Employment (DOLE).

Children aged 15 to below 18 years of age are permitted to work in any economic activity not

considered child labor, but not more than eight (8) hours a day and in no case beyond forty (40)

hours a week. They shall not be allowed to work between 10:00 P.M. and 6:00 A.M. of the following

day, and employer should provide the child with access to at least elementary and secondary

education.[5]

Current Status[edit]

As of 2013, there are 3.210 million child laborers in the Philippines. In 2001 there were 2.4

million.[6] There are a total of 9.8 million children aged 5 to 17 working in the Philippines. 2.46 million

(44.9%) of these are doing legal work. 66.8% of child labourers are boys.[7]

2.4 million children did hazardous work in 2001 out of a total number of working children of 4 million.

In 1995, the number of children doing hazardous work was 2.2 million, out of a total of 3.6 million. [8]

In its report Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor in 2013, the U.S. Department of

Labor estimated the percentage of working children aged 5 to 14 to be around 11% which

corresponds to about 2,180 million children. 65% of these children were found in the agricultural

sector, 5% in the industrial sector and 29% engaged in domestic service.[9] The 2014 List of Goods

Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor reported 13 goods produced exclusively by child labor in

the Philippines. These included 8 agricultural goods (namely sugarcane, bananas, coconuts, corn,

hogs, rice, rubber, and tobacco). Gold mining, pornography andpyrotechnics complete the list.

Philippine Legislation on Child Labor[edit]

Historical Evolution of Child Labor Laws in the Philippines[edit]

The concern for the welfare of Children being employed to work started in the Philippines as early as

1923.[10] The American colonial government of that time enacted the very first set of rules and

regulations in the country regarding Child-labor through Act No. 3071, also known as “An Act to

Regulate the Employment of Women and Children in Shops, Factories, Industrial, Agricultural and

Mercantile Establishments, and Other Place of Labor in the Philippine Islands, to Provide Penalties

for Violations Hereof and for Other Purposes.”[11] The enforcement of this law was eventually

overseen by the Woman and Child Labor Section of the Inspection Division of the then Bureau of

Labor in 1925. When the Philippines declared independence from American rule in 1946, all existing

laws enacted under the former regime were replaced by Republic Acts. Act No. 3071 was renamed

R.A. 695 thereafter and the implementation was entrusted to the Women and Minors Division of the

former Bureau of Labor Standards, in 1957.[10]

In 1932, the Philippines enacted into law to codify its penal laws, they came to be known as

the Revised Penal Code (RPC).[12] The RPC contains several provisions barring certain types of child

work, such as “Exploitation of Child Labor” (Article 273) which prohibits an employer from retaining a

child worker in service against his or her will under the pretext of reimbursing a debt incurred by the

child’s ascendants. The PRC also includes a clause regarding the “Exploitation of Minors” (Article

278). This provision prohibits the employment of a minor less than sixteen (16) years of age in what

the code describes as “dangerous exhibits”. Other provisions of the RPC relating to slavery,

prostitution, corruption, illegal detention, and kidnapping of minors are all applicable to child workers.

The RPC remains in effect to this day in the Philippines.[10]

Two years after Philippine independence from American control, the Republic became a member

state of the International Labor Organization in June 15, 1948.[13] Since then, the Philippines have

ratified a number of international conventions adopted by ILO, relating to child labor. The country

first ratified in 1953, ILO Convention No. 90, which prohibits the employment of children in industry

during night time and in 1960,[14]the government ratified ILO Convention No. 59, which fixes the

minimum age of employment for industry at 15 years.[15] The convention, however, allows younger

workers to be employed in undertakings which only members of the employer’s family are employed,

but only if the work in question is not a danger to the life, health, or morals of the children employed.

ILO Convention No. 77, which requires the medical examination and subsequent re-examination of

children as a prerequisite for their employment,[16] was also put into effect in 1960. The ILO

Convention No. 138 or the Minimum Age Convention of 1973[17] was not ratified in the Philippines

until 1998.[18]

During the Martial Law, a handful of Presidential Decrees (P.D.’s) were enforced concerning child

labor laws in the Philippines. One of which is P.D. no. 148 which amended R.A. 679, the Woman

and Child Labor Law. The new decree simplified the complex provisions of R.A. 679 regarding

confusing age limits imposed by this law under different types of undertakings allowing "any person

between 14 and 18 years of age may be employed in any non-hazardous undertaking."[19] It is

important to note that P.D. no 148 was in direct disagreement with ILO Convention No. 59. The new

law didn’t last that long since only a year after, P.D. no 148 was amended by the passage of P.D. no

442, otherwise known as the Labor Code . The new law raised the minimum age of employment from

14 to 15 years old, and has maintained the previous minimum age for hazardous undertakings at 18

years old. The Labor Code failed, however, to include the terms and conditions of employment of

children previously provided by R.A. 679, as amended by P.D. no. 148 creating a huge gap in the

new law. This was eventually addressed through P.D. 603 or the Child and Youth Welfare Code, a

codification of different provisions for the well-being of all children.[10]

Child Labor Laws in the Philippines[edit]

After the fall of the Marcos regime in 1986, increasing demands for reforms in government policies,

legislation and programs affecting children made the government respond by ratifying the United

Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) on July 26, 1990. The CRC entered into force

as an international agreement on September 2, 1990. The convention directs the ratifying countries

to “recognize the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing

any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child's education, or to be harmful to

the child's health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development.”[20]

To comply with the mandate of the U.N CRC, the government enacted R.A. 7610, “An Act Providing

for Stronger Deterrence and Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation, and

Discrimination, Providing Penalties for its Violation and for Other Purposes” on June 17, 1992.[10] Initially, the act was lauded for its innovation in promoting child welfare, especially those found in

extremely difficult situations. However, the act was also severely criticized because of how its

provisions severely changed existing policies regarding Child labor laws. Article VIII, Section 12, of

R.A. 7610 legalized the employment of all children below 15 years of age, but only if the employer is

able to secure a working permit from the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE).[10]

Public opinion and international organizations like the ILO and the UNICEF, along with the

local Department of Justice pushed to amend R.A. 7610, Article VII, Section 12, as it was in flagrant

violation of ILO convention no. 59. A new law called R.A. 7658 or “An Act Prohibiting the

Employment of Children below 15 Years of Age in Public and Private Undertakings” was passed in

October 1993 for this purpose.[10] R.A. 7658 allows only two exceptions to the prohibition on

employment below the minimum age, first for the concerned child to “work directly under the sole

responsibility of the child's parents or legal guardian and where only members of the employer's

family are employed” and second, “where a child's employment in public entertainment or

information through cinema, theater, radio or television is essential”. Additionally, the new law

requires the employers to first secure for the child a work permit from the DOLE before the child can

begin to work.[21]

In 2003, the Philippines passed a new law known as R.A. 9231 or the “Special Protection of Children

Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act”.[22] This law specifically limits the

employment of children below 15 years old, with the same exceptions as R.A. 7658, with additional

provisions regarding restrictions on the number of hours children are allowed to work, provisions on

expanding working children’s access to education, social, medical, and legal assistance.

Causes and Effects[edit]

There are different reasons to why children are pushed to work below the legal age of 18. Listed

below are some of the main problems.

Causes[edit]

Poverty[edit]

According to a survey conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority or the NSCB on 2009 and

released on 2011, 26.5% of the Filipino population is considered poor. This amounts to 23.1 million

Filipinos who live below the poverty threshold. The poverty threshold refers to the minimum income

a family or individual must earn in order to be considered “not poor”. An individual is considered poor

if he/she is below the annual per capita poverty threshold of P16, 871. Recent research cites that

poverty incidence among Filipino families have been increasing. Poverty incidence percentage

declined from 21% in 2006 to 20.5% in 2009 and to 19.7% on 2012; however due to growing

population the number of families rose from 3.8 million to 4.03 million and to 4.2 million respectively.

Furthermore, a family of five would need an average of P7, 890 to cover their family’s basic food and

non-food needs.[24]

The widespread poverty and unemployment rates in the country means that poor or low-income

households are vulnerable to income and employment shocks. Lacking in physical assets that may

be sold oroffered as collateral in order to reduce or prevent interruptions to their income streams,

poor households may resort to sending their younger members to work as a risk-reducing strategy.

Especially during economic downturns when adult unemployment is rising and incomes are falling,

child work provides a way for augmenting household incomes. It is thus reasonable to expect that

the incidence of child labor will be higher among poor households than non-poor households and

that such incidence should rise especially during periods of economic slowdown or decline.[25]

Child labor tends to reinforce intergenerational cycle of poverty because it interferes with their

education and increases their vulnerability to exploitation.[26]

Educational Status[edit]

In a study done by Anna Leah Colina for Ecumenical Institute for Labor Education and Research

(EILER),

"The study, which involved 3,859 households, found that children from poor families "are

being forced by necessity to augment the family's coffers by working". Leaving school and

working is a decision forced upon children by the reality they face each day, the study

added. It further revealed that 96 percent of the households surveyed are living below the

poverty threshold of their regions. At least 78 percent of respondents said they do not own or

have access to land. Instead, most rely on other means to earn a living such as working in

mines and plantations. Colina said a lack of access to education is also a "one push factor"

to child labor. She said 60 percent of child laborers did not reach the sixth grade, while 44

percent reached Grade 6 before they left school to work.″[27]

This study has shown that most children are either forced to work at an early age or just work to

have a steady income to help their families in their financial situations.

Population[edit]

From the 90's to 00's to 10's the Philippines population have steadily increased from 60,703,810

to 76,506,928 and to 92,337,852 respectively, a growth rate of 2.12 percent.[28] And by 2045, it is

projected to be at 142 million Filipinos according to (Sgd) Lisa Grace S. Bersales, Ph. D. [29]

Effects[edit]

Educational[edit]

Based on the result of the 2013 Functional Literacy, Education and Mass media survey

facilitated by the National Statistic Office, 10.6% of ages 6–24 of the country’s population is out

of school. One of the top reasons is poverty. Insufficient income to sustain schooling constitutes

19.2% of the out of school youth. Another alarming sign is that lack of interest which constitutes

to 19.1%. Lastly, 5.5% of both male and female youths are out of school because they are either

employed or looking for work. These factors affect the kids as they try to help their families earn

more that resulted to the negligence of their education.[30]

A study indicated that school attendance among child workers tends to be sacrificed. Although

schooling can be combined with work in many instances, various factors like poverty and the

conditions of work may prevent working children from either attending school or benefiting to any

significant degree from doing so. Children laboring under hazardous conditions are also at great

risk of getting injured or contracting various diseases. Psychological and emotional problems

have also been noted among children working under extreme conditions. These effects have

implications on the future productive capacity and earning potential of working children. The

failure to invest in human capital now means that the working children of today will be the

impoverished parents of tomorrow, bearing children who like them will also be pushed

prematurely into the labor market to make ends meet. Child labor, especially the worst forms,

tends to reproduce the very same conditions that brought it about.[25]

The relationship between child work, bad performance at school, and eventual non-attendance

can take various routes as illustrated in many documented cases. In general, time divided

between work and studying does not permit a child to focus on the latter, causing him to fall

behind with his lessons and to get low grades. Conditions of work are, therefore, critical as they

can affect a child’s readiness to tackle schoolwork.[25]

Health and Abuse[edit]

Numerous problems were highlight in a research by Anna Leah Colina for a non-government

Ecumenical Institue for Labor Education and Research (EILER).

″Poverty and lack of family income are the main reasons why children leave school and

work," said Anna Leah Colina, executive director of the non-government Ecumenical Institute

for Labor Education and Research. With funding from the European Union, EILER

conducted a six-month study on child labor in mines and plantations in the southern

Philippines from April to October 2014. Results of the study were released on Wednesday in

Manila. Colina said that two out of 10 households surveyed in six communities have

incidents of child labor — primarily due to low family income, lack of access to land and

inaccessible schools .Colina also found out that children were forced to work on 16-hour

shifts. She then cited a case of a child named Julius (not his real name) to show the extreme

and hazardrous conditions on which this kid is working with. “The 15-year-old boy is one of

many children in the village of Diwata in Compostela Valley province who work alongside

adults in the tunnels of a gold mine. From early morning until sundown, Julius is inside the

tunnel with a sledgehammer, a shovel and a pickaxe with only a plastic helmet, a pair of

boots and gloves for protection.”[27]

Continuous exposure to various hazards in their work environments, especially chemical

and biological ones that are invisible, places children’s health and lives at great risk. While

adults working under the same conditions face similar risks, an argument for minimum

health and safety regulations would pose that children are especially vulnerable to work-

related illnesses. Their yet undeveloped biological processes make their bodies less

resistant to the chemicals and other toxic substances they are regularly exposed to. The

lack of proper nutrition, so characteristic among the poor, moreover increases the

vulnerability of working children to both the short, and long-term debilitating effects of work,

which can cut short economically productive life.[25]

Government Organizations[edit]

In order to progressively eliminate the proliferation of child labor cases in the Philippines, the

following agencies, DOLE, DSWD, and CWC jointly collaborate on the programs and

actions that assure the prevention of more child labor cases and the protection of the

children in the society.

Primary Agency[edit]

Department of Labor and Employment[edit]

The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) is the national government agency

responsible for formulating policies, the implementation of programs, and they serve as the

policy-coordinating program arm of the Executive Branch in the labor and employment field.[31] They are leading the networks in the progressive eradication of child labor through

protecting, preventing, and removing the children out of the hazardous and exploitative

works, which also includes curing and redeeming them back into society.[32] Their projects,

programs, and activities are as follows:

1. Philippine Program Against Child Labor (PPACL)

2. Child Labor Prevention and Elimination Program

3. H.E.L.P. M.E. or the Health, Education and training, Livelihood, Protection and

prevention, and Monitoring and Evaluation Program

4. Project Angel Tree

5. KaSaMa Program

6. Special Program for the Employment of Students (SPES)

7. Child-Labor Free Barangays

DOLE also enforced national laws such as "The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act" (R.A. 9208)

and "Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination

Act" (R.A. 9231).

Philippine Program Against Child Labor[edit]

The Philippine Program Against Child Labor (PPACL) is the founded from the National

Program Against Child Labor (NPACL) framework. Led by the Department of Labor and

Employment, the latter framework was established for the period 2001-2004 to combat child

labor. The program partners used it as a way to unify the goals, missions, visions, and other

points needed of the programs to be established. When the period ended, the National Child

Labor Committee added breadth to the framework by identifying new objectives that would

help sustain the environment NPACL fostered and continue preventing the progressing

situation of child labor in the Philippines.

In order to protect children and their rights, they proposed seven objectives to influence

action:

Create a database system that upholds relevant information on the current events and

news on child labor. This database system should be remained updated, inviting

stakeholders and program partners to continually add significant studies and other

resources.

Ensure the role of the PPACL in all of the different partnerships and organizations

geared to fight against child labor. This will help create a more responsive National Child

Labor Committee.

Engage the committee by creating awareness of the prevalent child labor issue through

encouraging them to participate in the advocacies and other programs established for

them.

Encourage social workers and other entitled workers to participate in the programs to

add more quality and authenticity.

Provide opportunities for children in order to avoid the continuance of child labor while

protecting their rights as children.

Conventionalize the initiatives against child labor to ensure success and better

implementation of laws and policies.

Establish programs within laws and policies attributed and associated to child labor in

order to proceed to a more national level, wherein all cities and provinces will be able to

access the programs and initiatives.[33]

Child Labor Prevention and Elimination Program[edit]

For further progression in child labor elimination, DOLE established a program called Child

Labor Prevention and Elimination Program. To be consistent with the PPACL framework,

the objectives of the programs was founded on the framework to promote consistency and

efficiency in combating child labor. Its five initiatives are as follows:

The Child Labor Knowledge Sharing System was created with updated information and

resources contributed by 300 and counting users.

The partnerships were strengthened through restructuring the National Child Labor

Committee and its sub-committees, and creating the Sagip Batang Manggagawa Quick

Action Team and other initiatives to focus on strengthening the regional committees.

They provided authentic and effective service through projects such as Kabuhayan para

sa Magulang ng Batang Manggagawa (KASAMA) Project, Project Angel Tree,

Eliminating Child Labor in the Tobacco Industry (ECLTI) Project, and Integrated

Services for Migratory Sugar Workers (I-SERVE SACADAS) Project.

They strengthened campaigns and intensified implemented projects to promote the

normalization of a child labor-free environment.

Guided by the laws and policies enforced, the programs aided in working through the

cases and provided legal actions such as creating the Working Child’s Permit and

closing establishments that promote child labor.[34]

Child Labor-Free Barangays[edit]

Consistent with the PPACL framework, the project Child Labor-Free Barangay aims what

the name insinuates: eliminate child labor in every barangay in every country. Each labor-

free barangay will be given a three-year certification and endorsement to DOLE programs

once the barangay has completed the criteria and other requirements and submitted the

proper documents in being enlisted as child labor-free. They should also have at least four

agencies working within their area in order to promote child protection.[35]

HELP ME Convergence Program Against Child Labor[edit]

HELP ME Convergence Program Against Child Labor mainly aims to provide converged strategies

to address issues concerning child labor. HELP ME stands for: H for Health services; E for

Education and training, L for Livelihood opportunities for people involved; P for Prevention,

protection, and prosecution; M for Monitoring; and lastly, E for Evaluation. It is founded by Cabinet's

Human Development and Poverty Reduction Cluster (HDPRC) together with President Benigno S.

Aquino III., Department of Labor and Employment, and Department of Social Welfare and

Development. The whole program will keep in line through the following objectives: keeping a

monitoring system for the child laborers and the services provided to them, delivering services fitting

to the situations of the child laborers, and finally, collaborating with different departments and

program partners such as DOLE, DSWD, DepEd, DOH, DILG, DA, DOJ, TESDA, NEDA, CWC, PIA

and NCIP.

This convergence program was implemented in the period of 2013 to 2016 with the proposed budget

of 9 billion, hoping that by the end of the project, child labor will be eliminated by 75%, or more

specifically, to move out at least 893,000 children from the worst forms of child labor.[37]

Project Angel Tree[edit]

Introduced by the Bureau of Women and Young Workers, the Project Angel Tree works as a

connection for child laborers and those stakeholders who wish to collaboratively partake in

protecting their rights. This project also contributes to the program Child Labor Prevention and

Elimination Program. The primary objective of the project is to create an “Angel Tree Community,”

wherein Angels, which are the donors and contributors, grant the “wishes” of the child laborers. The

Angel Tree itself is an image for the cause, wherein it is targeted that through this project, the Angels

will continue to “bear fruit” for the children who need them. They call this system value networks,

where through them, positive social interaction would be formed and child laborers would be granted

access to resources.

In 2010, Project Angel Tree has already helped 15,902 victims of child labor in the country.[38]

Philippine National Strategic Framework for Plan Development for Children[edit]

Philippine National Strategic Framework for Plan Development for Children, otherwise known as

Child 21, serves as a guide for initiatives and programs established to promote and protect the rights

of the children. The framework includes different activities and strategies in order to provide child-

friendly environments, education, protection from threats including sexual exploitation, child labor,

and child-trafficking, and other modes of development for the children.[39]

Secondary Agencies[edit]

Department of Social Welfare and Development[edit]

The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) is the government agency who

provides direction to the intermediaries and implementers concerned with the delivery and

development of social welfare and development services. They also develop and enrich existing

programs and services for specific groups which includes the children and youth.[40] They hold Child

Protection Services in which they reach out on the children for them to recover from the experience

of labor and be reintegrated back to their families. They also have Therapeutic Services for the

Abused Children for the children to overcome the negative effects of abuse and for them to be able

to live a normal and productive life by maximizing every potential a child has.[41] Aside from their

services, they are working together with DOLE in H.E.L.P. M.E.

Council for the Welfare of Children[edit]

The Council for the Welfare of Children (CWC) actively advocates against trafficking of children.

They incorporate issues and concerns affecting trafficking in children in its development and

strategic frameworks and ensures the adoption of such by the LGUs and other stakeholders.[42] They

do not directly implement programs for the children; they facilitate or support other agencies and

service providers through activities that are in line with their functions.[43]

Non-Government Organizations[edit]

Kamalayan Development Foundation[edit]

In 1995-1997, with the help of International Labour Organization (ILO) and United Nations Children’s

Fund (UNICEF), Kamalayan Development Foundation progressed from Kamalayan Development

Center through establishing anti-child recruitment agencies in Davao City, Cebu City, and Ormoc

City. This started numerous initiatives which granted children freedom from work enslavement. The

organization founded rescue operations, participated in governmental and international campaigns

and advocacy activities, imprisoned child labors, and finally, identified and rescued child laborers in

plantations, factories, prostitution facilities, and other exploitative locations.The Kamalayan

Development Foundation seeks to expand nationwide through the continuous support of ILO.[44]

Visayan Forum Foundation Inc.[edit]

As a child laborer herself, Ma. Cecilia Flores-Oebanda spearheaded the Visayan Forum Foundation

Inc. (VFI) in order to eradicate slavery and human trafficking. Its actions revolve around providing

residential care to victims, mainly women and children, of difficult circumstances such as exploitation

and child labor. The organization has established programs such as:

Centers of Hope: These are safe houses that aim to provide protection and shelter to girl-

children and women victims.

iFight Movement: This movement seeks to train, equip, and empower the youth with a better

mentality for change and information on fighting against human trafficking.

Policy and Advocacy Resource Center: This provides volunteers and partners a space to share

information in order to develop the current campaigns and update information on the current

environment on human trafficking and domestic work.

Ventures for Freedom: This educates and provides communities innovative strategies in order to

stray away from the possibility of human trafficking and domestic work, tackling the cause to

prevent the problem from progressing.[45]

International Partnerships[edit]

International Labor Organization[edit]

In 1948, the Philippines joined the International Labor Organization (ILO) and has remained one of

the active participants in its advocacy. As the country face problems on employment, more

specifically, child labor, the partnership paved way to projects that will help in the elimination of child

labor. The organization supports the country through promoting growth and developing their skills

through quality education, especially for the children who remain victims to employment.

Its social partners include the DOLE, employers Confederation of the Philippines (ECOP), Alliance of

Progressive Labor (APL), Associated Labor Unions-TUCP (ALU-TUCP), Federation of Free Workers

(FFW), Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU), Public Services Labor Independent Confederation (PSLINK) and

Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP).[46]

International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour[edit]

International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) varies from one country after

another, dependent on the current situations of child labor persisting in the country specified. It aims

to eliminate child labor in its different sectors, such as direct action, advocacy and awareness,

institutional development, social services and poverty alleviation, and legislation and policy

development. The following are the projects ILO has established through IPEC:

Programme to Combat Child Labour in the Fishing Sector in Indonesia and the Philippines

(1999-2004)

Programme to Combat Child Labour in the Footwear Sector in South-East Asia (Phase I)(1999-

2004)

Assessing the Situation of Children in the Production, Sales, and Trafficking of Drugs in

Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand (2002-2004)

Supporting the Time-Bound Programme on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour

in the Republic of the Philippines (2002-2006)

Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Project –

The Philippine Component (2003-2006)

Towards a Child Labour-free Philippines: Building on Past Gains and Addressing Challenges

(2011-2013)[47]

ChildFund Philippines[edit]

In 1971, ChildFund began by partnering with religious organizations, and eventually, the

communities in the Philippines. The organization helps secure the future of children vulnerable to

exploitation, child labour, and other causes, and builds a community that would ensure their safety

and protection. Each year, they contribute $8 million to their partnerships worldwide, including the

Philippines, directly helping 250,000 children and counting.

ChildFund is notable for two projects: Child Protection Committees (CPCs), wherein they protect

children from dangerous and harmful acts such as bullying, child abuse, exploitation, and other

measures in schools. Another would be the Conditional Socialized Education Assistance: Provide

educational assistance to children who face inabilities to meet their educational needs.

Currently, their target provinces are: Ifugao, Benguet, Baguio City, Mountain Province, Quezon,

Batangas, Laguna, National Capital Region (Metro Manila), Sorsogon, Camarines Sur, Capiz, Iloilo,

Negros Occidental, Cebu, Ormoc, Misamis Oriental, North Cotobato, South Cotobato, Cotobato,

Maguindanao, Sulu, Zamboanga del Norte.[48]

World Vision Development Foundation, Inc.[edit]

World Vision Development Foundation Inc. performs through partnering with Christians all over the

world to seek justice and promote human welfare through various activities and programs such as

spreading awareness, changing unjust structures, and transforming the youth by encouraging

involvement and protecting their rights. The partnership with organization started when its founder,

Robert Willard Pierce, initiated the China Challenge, which led to sponsoring and caring for the poor

and needy. It first helped an orphanage called The Good Shepherd’s Fold in 1957, and since then, it

has continued to move to foster a healthy environment for the children and their families.[49]

ABK3 LEAP[edit]

Pag-Aaral ng Bata para sa Kinabukasan (ABK) LEAP Livelihoods, Education, Advocacy and

Protection to Reduce Child Labor in Sugarcane Areas is the third phase of the ABK Initiative that

aims to withdraw children from exploitative labor. In four years, 2011-2015, ABK3 LEAP intends to

provide education, raise awareness, support research, contribute to the continuous development,

and support data collection on child labor. The project mainly focuses on 11 provinces, namely

Batangas, Bukidnon, Camarines Sur, Capiz, Cebu, Davao del Sur, Iloilo, Leyte, Negros Occidental,

Negros Oriental, and North Cotabato. It targets to provide for 52,000 children at ages 5–17 years old

and 25,000 households.

The project is implemented by the following organizations: World Vision Development Foundation

Inc., ChiWorld Vision Development Foundation, Inc. ChildFund Philippines, Educational Research

and Development Assistance Foundation, Inc. (ERDA), Sugar Industry Foundation, Inc. (SIFI),

Community Economic Ventures, Inc. (CEVI), and University of the Philippines Social Action and

Research for Development Foundation (UPSARDF).[50]