Child Development GROUP SOPHIE

8/13/2019 Child Development GROUP SOPHIE

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Physical

Development

Group Members:

1. Alastair Sia

2. Elnabeth Elvia Yamoh

3. Nor Fathin Anisah

4. Sophie Chan


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Definition:

Refers to physical changes, rate of

growth of the different body parts,

the functions of the body parts andhuman features.


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hild Development

Periods of development

Prenatal period: from conception to birth

Infancy: birth to 2 years

childhood: 3-11 years old

Adolescence: 12-19 years old


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Prenatal

Development Prenatal development is divided

into 3 main periods Germinal Period (0-2 weeks)

Embryonic Period (3-8 weeks)

Fetal Period (9 weeks-birth)


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Germinal Period

During this period, the cells in the zygotedivide rapidly, and the mass of cells movesslowly along the mother's fallopian tube tothe uterus, where it is implanted in theuterine lining.


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Embryonic Period

EndodermRespiratory and digestive systems.

Mesoderm

Circulatory system, bones, muscles,excretory system, reproductive system.

Ectoderm

Nervous system, sensory receptors andskin.


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Fetal Period

The individual is referred to as a fetus during

this period.

Cells continue to divide, body structures

become functional, and the fetus becomes

capable of movement.


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Summary of Infants Physical Development

AGE Physical Development

Born6th

month -Weight & height increase in higher rate-Reflex decrease

-Raise head, rolling & grasp

-Alert towards movement

-Identify object through the expression of people around them

7th12thmonth -Crawl and sit without support

-Show grasp skill with fingers

-Organized various audio-visual stimulation

-Alert towards pictures

-Differentiate objects from it surrounding based on colour and

textual

13th18thmonth -Walk in better coordination

-Manipulate small object with better coordination

19th-24thmonth -Walking -Climbing

-Running -Manipulate object with best coordination

-Jumping


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Infants : Born- 2 years old

Size

- Gain an ounce or 28 grams per day during the

1st two months. Then kilogram per month

- Most babies double their birth weight & grow

30% in length by the 5thmonth.

- By their 1stbirthday, they typically triple their

birth weight & grow more than 50% in length


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Dental Growth

- A babys 1sttooth appears at around 6 months.

- Some begin teething as early as 3 months &others after 1stbirthday.

- Lower 2 middle teeth usually come 1st, followedby the upper 2 middle teeth.

- During teething, some babies become fussy,lose appetite & drool.

- Experts recommend that parent clean babys

teeth regularly, avoid putting baby to bed witha bottle of milk or formula & see a dentistbefore a babys 1stbirthday


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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 110 12 13 1410

De

greeofmotorde

velopment

Prone, lift head

Prone, chest up, arms forsupport

Roll over

Sit without support

Support some weight with legs

Stand with support

Pull self to stand

Walk using furniture for support

Walk alone easily

Stand alone easily

Milestones in Gross Motor Development


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Visual Acuity During the First Months of Life


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Fine MotorFine Motor skills-involve the small muscles of

the hands and wrists.

Fine motor milestones: (all ages approximate):

3 months - coordination of hands, grasp objects

8 months - pincer grasp

11 months - grasp a crayon and draw


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Early Childhood (2-6 years old)

Slower than the previous stages.

Childs height is twice compared to during

birth.

Body weight may be four times more.

The bigger muscles would have developed

but fine muscle would not be developed

fully.


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Research has proven that girls grow faster

than boys.

Psychomotor ability will develop in sequence,

for instance children are able to run before

they can play using roller-skates.

The rate of development and psychomotor

abilities is influenced by the individuals genes.

- Example: if both his parents are able to walk atearly an early age, its quite possible that the

child will also be able to walk at an early stage.


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Table 1: Examples of psychomotor activities of a child.

AGE (YEARS) PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT

2

Going up steps with some help.

Holding big objects like balls and

manipulate smaller objects like colour

pencil.

3

Throwing the ball.

Riding a tricycle.

4

Jumping and running.

Going up and down steps without

help.

5

Using roller-skates.

Writing alphabet and words easily.


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Childhood (7-12 years)

Growth and development rate is stable but

will be at a slower pace.The growth and development is more on the

refinement of the psychomotor skills.

Permanent teeth starts to replace the milkteeth.


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The fine muscles are more developed.

The eyes coordinate better.The hands are more developed enabling

them to write properly, play musical

instruments like piano, violin or evensewing, knitting and other outdoor

activities like sports.

Boys are more towards contact games like

football.


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Implications on the Teaching and

Learning Process in the Classroom

Children can be taught to play musical

instruments and arts.Involve the children in games, swimming,

gymnastic so as to strengthen their muscles,

building resistance and develop better bodymovement.


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Allow opportunities for boys to be involved with

games such as football and appropriate games orsports for girls like netball.

Children will feel satisfied if they are able to dothings on their own.

Children are active at this stage. A teacher canprepare some activities like playing ball and

running.


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EARLY ADOLESCENT

12-15 years


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The growth and development rate in this stage

are rapid.

Physical changes such as height, size, and

body shape are more significant and toward

adulthood.

Size changes in a girl happens rapidly one or

two years before puberty (growth spurt).


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When a girl reaches puberty;

Become more feminine

Growth of armpit and pubic hair

Develop breast

Start having period

When a boy reaches puberty:

Growth of facial, armpit, and pubic hair

Voice changes


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Girls experience height changes and puberty

earlier than boys. However, boys have longer

growth period when their reach puberty.

Muscle growth is more significant in boys.

Generally, they are physically strong.


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Activities (a talk, counseling) that can help the

adolescent in understanding themselves

better.

Healthy social activities such as a fun exercise.

A teacher should be sensitive and attends to

the changes in students as these affect the

preparation, ability and childs interest in

learning at school.

Implication in Teaching & Learning in

class


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THANK

YOU

Child Development GROUP SOPHIE

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