RED RIBBON

THE MEMBERS

• EMBİE KARAALİ• KEVSER ASLAN• MERVE ARABUL• AYŞE TUBA METE

CONTENT• DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM• WHY DID WE CHOOSE THIS PROJECT?• LITERATURE REVİEW• ANALYSING OF CURRENT SITUATION• VIDEO• FISHBONE• REASONS OF INCREASING THE CHILD BRIDES• BRAINSTORMING• INTERVIEW• CHILD BRIDE IN MEDIA• SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS• GANT CHART• RECOMMENDATIONS• REFERENCES

DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM

• WHO IS CHILD?• WHAT ARE THE CHILD’S RIGHTS?• WHO IS CHILD BRIDE?

WHO IS CHILD?• A child means every human being below the

age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier.

KEEPCALM

AND

RESPECT CHILDREN RIGHTS

WHAT ARE THE CHILD’S RIGHTS?• Education• Living, surviving and growth rights• Freedom of thought and opinion• Security and safety rights• Protection of child• Respect the child

WHO IS CHILD BRIDE?

• According to civil law, minimum age of mariage is 18, 17 with parental consent, 16 in special circumstances with court approval.

• According to Turkish criminal law, children mariage under the 18 age is seen as crime.

Why did we choose this issue ?

LITERATURE REVİEW

• Child brides or early marriages are marriages that exist without any physically, physiologically and psychologically preparation of the child to take responsibility of the marriage and having children(Boran,2013)

• The early marriage of a girl, generally to an older man, results in ending her childhood, shortens her education, increases the risk of domestic violance and early, frequent and riskly pregnancies(Warner, 2013)

• The reason for early marriages of the girls might be economical problems, worry about protecting the honour of the family by reducing the possibility of sexual relationship before marriage, being easy to control women married early and their having much more children.(Yüksel,2012)

• Child marriages are more widespread among societies that marriage is common, patriarchal, and have low socio-economic status(Yüksel,2012)

CHILD MARRIAGES IN THE WORLD

36% of women between 20-24 ages get married before 18 whole over the world. In Sought Asia, 48% of women between 15-24 ages get married before 18, in Africa 42%,in Latin America and Caribbean 29%.In Yemen and Palestine, 50% of women are married under 18.In India, 40-60% of the girls are child brides.In Afghanistan, 50% of girls, in Bangladesh 51% of girls get married before 18.(Boran,2013)

Legal Age of Marriage in the World

Generally, the age of marriage for males is 18, but for females it differs. The age of marriage for females is generally under 18. Even if the legal

age is 18, with parental consent, girls might marry under 18. In Guatemala and Panama, girls

can be married at 14 with parental consent. In Syrie, a 13 year old girl can be married with

parental consent. In Saudi Arabia, there is no legal age of marriage.

• The United Nations Population Found(UNFPA)says that140 million girls will get married before they do not come 18.

CHILD BRIDES IN TURKEY(age of first marriage by sex,%)

by Family Structure Survey, 2006

-18 18-24 25-29 30-34 35+0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

Distribution of Percentage of Early Marriage: 1993-2008(by TNSA)

West South Middle North East Turkey0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1993199820032008

Child marriage is an appalling violation of human rights and robs

girls of their education,health and long-term prospects.A girl who is married as a child is one whose potential will not

be fulfilled.Since many parent and communities also want the very best for their daughters, we must work together and end child marriage

Dr.Babatunde Osotimein

Analysis of Current Situation

According to International Strategic Research Organization (USAK)

-14 million girls under the age of 18 marry each year in Turkey

That’s around …

1,166,666 a month

269230 a week

38,461 a day

27 every minute

- Child bride rate is %41.9 in Van- Turkey comes second in countries considered European, with

a 14% child marriage rate after Georgia whose rate is 17%- http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/126601/-usak-report-turkey-second-in-europe-in-early-marriage.html

What kind of problems they had ?

• Vilonce• Abuse• Forced sexuel relations• Poor sexual and reproductive health• Illiteracy and lack of education ( Illeteracy

level is 73% )

Brainstorming

Reasonf of Child marriage :A) Lack of EducationB) LawC) PovertyD) Sociocultural structureE) Gender inequalityF) Negative traditional practices

Reasons Lack of Education

Law Poverty Socioculturel Structure

Gender inequality

Negative Traditional Pratices

MERVE 5 6 4 3 1 2

KEVSER 5 4 2 6 3 1

AYŞE TUBA

5 4 6 1 2 3

EMBİE 3 5 6 4 1 2

TOPLAM 18 19 18 14 7 8

MATRİX

FishbonePoverty

Dowry

Berdel (Exchange of brides)

Socioculturel Structure Patriarchal

society

Tore

Law

Legal gaps

Insufficient punishment

Lack of Education

Lack of parental education

Lacf ofEducation in the region

Why child bride is so common in turkey?

INTERVIEW

So,

What is happening in Turkey?

KADER

• According to Turkish Statistical Institute, in 2012 number of child bride was 42.000. 7 May 2013

In Izmir, Esmanur Ağıç,16 years old, was married off with her

cousin. Then she hear that her lower was knifed, and she

commited a suicide. 24 February 2013

• Court of cassation repeal the punishment for man who get married with a young girl because the girl was lying about her own age.16 April 2013

Do You Know?

The famous Turkish song ‘Kimseye Etmem Şikayet’ was written by Ihsan Raif who is married with force at 13. After marriage, she wrote it so as to explain herself. Now, Mehmet Öklü published a book which is about the life of Ihsan Raif and gave the name of song to book. 24 June 2013

• In Kayseri, 300 women provided job for 18 girls who wants to marry to survive. 22 May 2013

‘We have a lot of rights which we are not aware.’

(HALİME in Literacy Course)

BERİVANOne of the first woman mayor

SURVEY

1. QUESTION

• In your opinion, how old is youngest «child bride» in Turkey?

25% : 1221% : 11

• ANSWER: 9

2. QUESTION

• In your opinion, what is the percentage of «child bride» in population of marriage women in the world?

22% (people said) : 10%18,75% (people said) : 20%1 (person said) : 0,1%

• ANSWER: 36%

3. QUESTION

• In your opinion, what is the percentage of «child bride» in population of marriage women in Turkey?

24% (people said) : 30%15% : 20%15% : 10%

• ANSWER: 29,2%

4. QUESTION• Is there any difference among different geographical regions in

Turkey? In which region, its percentage is high? In which region, it is low?

61% : East R 33% : Southern East R HIGH 6% : West R (villages)

50% : Mediterranean R 44,5% : Aegean R LOW 5,5% : Marmara R

• ANSWER: • Highest: East R: 42%, second: Central Anatolian R: 37%• Lowest: Aegean R: 23% , second: Black Sea R: 23%

5. QUESTION• What is the main reasons of «child bride»?

Education: 14 people Economical problems: 10 people Moral laws: 6 people Violation of women rights: 3 people Family: family pressure: 2 people

crowded family: 2 people world view of family: 1 person

Chastity, honor: 1 person Inhumanity: 1 person The lack of prohibitions and punishment: 1 person Being unaware of human rights: 1 person Social structure: 1 person Misunderstanding of religion: 1 person

6. QUESTION• Do you think there is any change between today and past

years in CB situation? Or it will change at the future? Can you associate these with any thing? What are those things?

80% said: it is decreasing 15% said: it is stable (not represented). 5% said: it will increase (due to government policy)

• ANSWER: There is a decrease in CB comparing with past. 1993: 43% 1998: 39% 2003: 34% 2008: 28%

7. QUESTION• If you have any, what are your solution proposals?

Education Seminars in Family Health Foundatins in each district Birth control methods Rasing awareness about the education of girls Extending social foundations Make women to aware of their own rights Clarifying and sharpening the laws Government’s supervision, control and aid about the education of girls Preventing the moral laws Strenghtening the social government approaches Family consciousness Increasing the social campaings and projects like «Baba Beni Okula

Gönder»

How Can We Do?

Teachers

Doctors

Lawyers

Police

Parents

Relatives

GANTT CHART

RECOMMENDATIONS• United Nations Children’s Rights

(Ankara,1999)• Flying Broom Foundation http://

www.ucansupurge.org/turkce/index.php

• Films: Lal Gece Halam Geldi Çocuk Gelinler Belgeseli(CNN)

REFERENCES

• Boran, P; Gökçay, G; Devecioğlu, E; and Eren, T; 2013. Çocuk Gelinler, Marmara Medical Journal, Vol:26 pg 58-62

• Family Structure Survey, 2006, TUIK• İsmetoğlu, M; Memişoğlu, S.P. 2013. Zorunlu Eğitimde 4+4+4

Uygulamasına İlişkin Okul Yöneticilerinin Görüşleri. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi. Cilt 2:2:2. pg 14-24.

• Köksal,H. İMECE Halkaları ve Proje Yönetimi Eğitimi.• Tarımeri,N. 2013. Çocuk gelin Esranur’un Dramı; İmam Nikahı ve

Sorumsuz Sorumluluklar. www.psikososyalhizmet.com.• Warner, 2013, Ending Child Marriage: What Will I Take?• Yüksel-Kaptanoğlu,İ; Ergöçmen, B. 2012. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları

Dergisi. Sosyoloji Derneği, Türkiye; 15:2, pg 129-160.

• http://www.ucansupurge.org/turkce/index.php• http://www.radikal.com.tr/yazarlar/muge_akgun/cocuklar_gelin_olmasin-1166258• http://www.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/cocuk_gelin_olumune_inceleme-1170526• http://www.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/cocuk_gelini_oyun_oynayacagiz_diyerek_gerdege_soktular-117

4761• http://www.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/cocuk_gelindi_baskan_oldu-1184109

Thank You