Chesapeake BayChesapeake BayOpening: Why do you move?Opening: Why do you move?

Activity: Jamestown and Activity: Jamestown and Maryland NotesMaryland Notes

Closure: Solving the Mystery, Closure: Solving the Mystery, RoanokeRoanoke

Opening QuestionOpening Question

• Why do people move to a different Why do people move to a different town, state, country?town, state, country?

Settling the Chesapeake Settling the Chesapeake

The Lost ColonyThe Lost Colony

• Roanoke Colony (1854 - 1590)Roanoke Colony (1854 - 1590)– 11stst Colony Established (1854) Colony Established (1854)

• Mostly MenMostly Men• Humphrey Gilbert & Walter RaleighHumphrey Gilbert & Walter Raleigh• 11stst Abandoned (1586) Abandoned (1586)

– 22ndnd Colony Established (1587) Colony Established (1587)• Governor John WhiteGovernor John White• Men, Women & ChildrenMen, Women & Children• 22ndnd Abandonment (1590) Abandonment (1590)

• Solving the Mystery - Theories Solving the Mystery - Theories

The 3The 3rdrd Colony Colony (Jamestown)(Jamestown)

• The Virginia Company 1606The Virginia Company 1606– If a company founded the settlement If a company founded the settlement

what is their goal?what is their goal?

• May 1607May 1607– Three ships harbor in the ChesapeakeThree ships harbor in the Chesapeake

• Godspeed, Discovery, Susan ConstantGodspeed, Discovery, Susan Constant

– What to do first?What to do first?

Jamestown FortJamestown Fort

JamestownJamestown

• First SettlersFirst Settlers– 104 Males104 Males

• Captain John SmithCaptain John Smith– Elected to Government in 1608Elected to Government in 1608– Martial Law "He who does not work, Martial Law "He who does not work,

will not eat." will not eat." – Gun powder explosion – sent back to Gun powder explosion – sent back to

EnglandEngland

• The Starving Time (1609 – 1610)The Starving Time (1609 – 1610)

JamestownJamestown

• John Rolfe John Rolfe – Experiments with TobaccoExperiments with Tobacco– Europe becomes addictedEurope becomes addicted– Tobacco becomes a cash cropTobacco becomes a cash crop

• Tobacco Production in VirginiaTobacco Production in Virginia– 1618: 20,000 lbs.1618: 20,000 lbs.– 1622: 60,000 lbs.1622: 60,000 lbs.– 1627: 500,000 lbs.1627: 500,000 lbs.– 1629: 1.5 mil lbs.1629: 1.5 mil lbs.

Indentured ServantsIndentured Servants

• ““Headright” SystemHeadright” System– Individuals would receive 50 – 100 Individuals would receive 50 – 100

acres for every person coming to the acres for every person coming to the new worldnew world

– Wealthy would receive 50 acres by Wealthy would receive 50 acres by paying passage for indentured servantspaying passage for indentured servants

• Indentured ServantsIndentured Servants– Poor EuropeansPoor Europeans– Work to gain freedomWork to gain freedom– White “Slaves”White “Slaves”

African SlavesAfrican Slaves

• Slave TradeSlave Trade– Portuguese and English largest tradersPortuguese and English largest traders– Most slaves captured during conquestMost slaves captured during conquest

• The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage– Shipping fromShipping from– Africa to AmericasAfrica to Americas

Middle Passage Middle Passage ConditionsConditions

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

1607 1630 1650 1670 1690

White

Black

African SlavesAfrican Slaves

Settling MarylandSettling Maryland

• Why does the Jamestown settlement Why does the Jamestown settlement begin to expand?begin to expand?

• MarylandMaryland– George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)– Refuge for CatholicsRefuge for Catholics– Tobacco FarmingTobacco Farming– Local GovernmentsLocal Governments

Powhatan – Virginian Powhatan – Virginian RelationsRelations

Powhatan Powhatan ConfederacyConfederacy

European European SettlementsSettlements

Indian Uprising (1622) Indian Uprising (1622)

• Powhatan AttacksPowhatan Attacks– 60 people killed60 people killed

• Peace is Negotiated (1623)Peace is Negotiated (1623)– Then Colonists Poison 200 NativesThen Colonists Poison 200 Natives– Policy of “perpetual enmity”Policy of “perpetual enmity”

Solving the MysterySolving the Mystery

• Based on what we know and the first Based on what we know and the first hand accounts, provide a theory for hand accounts, provide a theory for why the Roanoke colony was why the Roanoke colony was abandoned…abandoned…

• What were the problems they were What were the problems they were facing?facing?

• How was the relationship between the How was the relationship between the Natives and colonists?Natives and colonists?

• What evidence do we have?What evidence do we have?

Problems in the Problems in the ChesapeakeChesapeake

• Based upon what you know what Based upon what you know what problems did the colonists in the problems did the colonists in the Chesapeake face?Chesapeake face?

• What is the “Social Contract”?What is the “Social Contract”?

• How does the Social Contract pertain How does the Social Contract pertain to Nathanial Bacon and his followers?to Nathanial Bacon and his followers?

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion

• Nathanial BaconNathanial Bacon– Cambridge EducatedCambridge Educated– Planter in Virginia ColonyPlanter in Virginia Colony

• FollowersFollowers– Newly freed men (former indentured Newly freed men (former indentured

servants)servants)– Working poor of the societyWorking poor of the society

• ProblemsProblems– No land for expansionNo land for expansion– Poverty gap (Rich v. Poor)Poverty gap (Rich v. Poor)

The Start of RebellionThe Start of Rebellion

• CausesCauses– Dropping Tobacco PricesDropping Tobacco Prices– Rising TaxesRising Taxes– Price increase in English goods (mercantilism) Price increase in English goods (mercantilism)

• Summer 1675Summer 1675– Frontiersman attack local tribeFrontiersman attack local tribe– Gov. Berkley denounces the attackGov. Berkley denounces the attack– Discontent with Gov. BerkleyDiscontent with Gov. Berkley

• Winter 1675 – 76Winter 1675 – 76– Susquehannocks counter attackSusquehannocks counter attack– 36 Colonists lay dead 36 Colonists lay dead

Just Add BaconJust Add Bacon

• Nathanial BaconNathanial Bacon– Takes control of frontiersmen Takes control of frontiersmen – Attacks the IndiansAttacks the Indians– Attacks Jamestown (Gov. Berkley)Attacks Jamestown (Gov. Berkley)

• Ending the RebellionEnding the Rebellion– Defeat of Indians and beginning of the Defeat of Indians and beginning of the

harvestharvest– Nathanial Bacon dies January 1677Nathanial Bacon dies January 1677

Results of BaconResults of Bacon

• Indian RelationsIndian Relations– Indians are seen as mortal enemiesIndians are seen as mortal enemies– Extermination of Indians when neededExtermination of Indians when needed

• Virginian SocietyVirginian Society– Still majority male – profit seekersStill majority male – profit seekers– Little family or institutional cohesionLittle family or institutional cohesion

• SlaverySlavery– Virginians turn to African slaves, slavery is Virginians turn to African slaves, slavery is

ingrainedingrained– Poor whites always above African slavesPoor whites always above African slaves– No property, voting, testifying, politics, travelling No property, voting, testifying, politics, travelling

or marryingor marrying

Continued Population Continued Population GrowthGrowth