Chesapeake Bay Benthic Foraminifera
Transcript of Chesapeake Bay Benthic Foraminifera
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Chesapeake Bay Benthic Foraminifera
By Scott E. Ishman, Alex W. Karlsen, Thomas M. Cronin
Benthic foraminifera are single-celled organisms similar to amoeboid organisms in
cell structure. The foraminifera differ in having granular rhizopodia and elongate filopodia
that emerge from the cell body. Foraminifera are covered with an organic test that varies
from a simple single chamber with an aperture to a complex, multichambered, perforate,
calcitic wall, to an agglomeration of mineral grains embedded in the organic test. Benthic
foraminifera occupy a wide range of marine environments, from brackish estuaries to the
deep ocean basins and occur at all latitudes. Many species have well defined salinity and
temperature preferences making them particularly useful for reconstructing past trends in
ocean water salinity and temperature.
The distribution of modern benthic foraminifera from the Atlantic coastal margin of
the United States and Gulf of Mexico have been studied extensively over the past several
decades (see Buzas and Culver, 1980 and 1981 for comprehensive reviews). Many of the
taxa have widespread distributions, inhabiting marshes, coastal estuaries, bays, lagoons, and
the continental shelf. Comprehensive studies of benthic foraminiferal distributions and
ecology in the Chesapeake Bay and its estuaries include papers by Ellison et al., 1965;
Nichols and Norton, 1969; Ellison, 1972; Buzas, 1974; and Ellison and Nichols, 1976; and
in Gulf Coast Bays by Phleger, 1951, 1954, 1965; Parker et al., 1953; Bandy, 1954;
Phleger and Lankford, 1957; Benda and Puri, 1962; Frerichs, 1969; Lamb, 1972; Otvos,
1978; and Poag, 1981.
Several studies have contributed toward our understanding of the distribution of
modern benthic foraminifera in Chesapeake Bay estuaries. Ellison et al. (1965) and Ellison
and Nichols (1970) clearly illustrated distinct benthic foraminiferal assemblage distributions
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associated with environmental changes from the marsh to the estuary, into the Bay and
culminating on the Atlantic Shelf. Buzas (1974) described the vertical distribution of living
Ammobaculites from the Rhode River estuary of the Chesapeake Bay. These studies have
contributed greatly to the interpretation of benthic foraminiferal assemblages recovered from
sediment cores to evaluate past changes in salinity, water temperature, and sea level. Ellison
and Nichols (1976) have shown significant environmental changes in the Rappahannock
River Estuary for the past 1500 to 3000 years.
The present study is part of a large study to document the benthic foraminiferal
fauna in the Chesapeake Bay and its estuaries, and to determine temporal changes in the
benthic foraminiferal communities throughout the last few millennia in the sedimentary
record. Following the format used for other microfossil groups, there are two sections given
here. The first consists of five plates of scanning electron photomicrographs illustrating 11
benthic foraminiferal taxa found in the mesohaline parts of the bay (Table 2). The species
illustrated include the most common benthic foraminiferal species now living, or having
lived in the middle regions of Chesapeake Bay over the past millennium. The second part
consists of species census data for benthic foraminifera obtained from the box, piston, and
gravity cores (Table 1).
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Table 2. Some Benthic Foraminifer species from mid-Chesapeake Bay
Ammobaculites exiguus (Cushman and Bronnimann 1948)
Ammonia tepida (Cushman 1926)
Ammotium salsum (Cushman and Bronnimann 1948)
Buccella frigida (Cushman 1922)
Elphidium clavatum Cushman 1930
Elphidium excavatum (Terquem 1876)
Elphidium selseyense (Heron-Allen and Earland 1911)
Polymorphinidae
Quinqueloculina sp.
Trochammina macrescens (Brady 1870)
Trochammina inflata (Montagu 1808)
Trochammina sp.
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References
Bandy, O.L., 1954. Distribution of some shallow-water foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico.
United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 254-F: 123-141.
Benda, W.R. and Puri, H.S., 1962. The distribution of foraminifera and ostracoda off the
Gulf Coast of the Cape Romano Area, Florida. Transactions, Gulf Coast
Association of Geological Societies, 12: 303-341.
Buzas, M.A., 1974. Vertical distirbution of Ammobaculites in the Rhode River, Maryland.
Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 4:144-147.
Buzas, M.A. and Culver, S.J., 1980. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera off the
North American Atlantic Coast. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences,
6: 512 p.
Buzas, M.A. and Culver, S.J., 1981. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera in the
Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 8, vols. I and
II: 898 p.
Ellison, R.L., Nichols, M.M., and Hughes, J., 1965. Distribution of Recent foraminifera in
the Rappahannock River Estuary. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Special
Science Report, 47: 1-35.
Ellison, R.L., 1972. Ammobaculites, foraminiferal proprietor of the Chesapeake Bay
estuaries, in Nelson, B.W. (ed.), Environmental framework of coastal plain estuaries:
Geological Society of America, Memoir, 133: 247-262.
Ellison, R.L. and Nichols, M.M., 1970. Estuarine foraminifera from the Rappahannock
River, Virginia. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal
Research, 21: 1-17.
Ellison, R.L. and Nichols, M.M., 1976. Modern and Holocene foraminifera in the
Chesapeake Bay region, in Schafer, C.T. and Pelletier, B.R. (eds.), First
International Symposium on Benthonic Foraminifera of the Continental Margins.
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Part A - Ecology and Biology: Maritime Sediments, Special Publication, 1: 131-
151.
Frerichs, W.E., 1969. Recent arenaceous foraminifera from the Gulf of Mexico. University
of Kansas Paleontological Contributions. 46: 1-2.
Geslin E., J.P. Debenay and M. Lesourd, 1998. Abnormal wall textures and test
deformation in Ammonia (hyaline Foraminifer). Journal of Foraminiferal Research,
28: 148-156.
Lamb, G.M., 1972. Distribution of Holocene Foraminiferida in Mobile Bay and the effect
of salinity changes. Geological Survey of Alabama, 82: 1-12.
Otvos, E.G., 1978. Calcareous benthic foraminiferal fauna in a very low salinity setting,
Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 8: 262-269.
Nichols, M.M. and Norton, W., 1969. Foraminiferal populations in a coastal plain estuary.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 6:197-213.
Parker, F.L., Phleger, F.B., and Peirson, 1953. Ecology of foraminifera from San Antonio
Bay and Environs, Southwest Texas. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal
Research, Special Publication, 2: 1-75.
Phleger, F.B., 1951. Ecology of foraminifera, northwest Gulf of Mexico, part 1:
foraminifera distribution. Geological Society of America, Memoir, 46: 1-88.
Phleger, F.B., 1954. Ecology of foraminifera and associated microorganisms from
Mississippi Sound environs. American Association of Petroleum Geologists,
Bulletin, 38: 584-687.
Phleger, F.B., 1965. Patterns of marsh foraminifera, Galveston Bay, Texas. Limnology and
Oceanography, 10: R 169-R184.
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Phleger, F.B. and Lankford, R.R., 1957. Seasonal occurrences of living benthonic
foraminifera in some Texas bays. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for
Foraminiferal Research, 8: 93-105.
Poag, C.W., 1981. Ecologic atlas of benthic foraminifera of the Gulf of Mexico. Marine
Science International, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 174 p.
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Plate 1
1) Buccella frigida, umbilical, PTMC 3-P-2 224-226 cm., x 212.
2) Buccella frigida, dorsal, PTMC 3-P-2 224-226 cm., x 242.
3) Trochammina macrescens, umbilical, JP-3 0-10 cm., x 160.
4) Trochammina inflata, dorsal, JP-3 0-10 cm., x 200.
5) Trochammina sp., dorsal, JP-3 0-10 cm., x 180.
4
1 2
3
5
3
5
4
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Plate 2
1) Ammobaculites sp., side view, PRCK 3-P-2 0-2 cm., x 220.
2) Ammobaculites sp., side view, BUVA 0-2 cm., x 200.
3) Ammobaculites sp., side view, RGPT 8/96 19-20 cm., x 160.
4) Polymorphinid, PTMC-3 Archive 358-360 cm., x 130.
5) Miliammina fusca, side view, JP-3 0-10 cm., x 300
1 2
3
4 5
6
3
4 5
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Plate 3
1) Elphidium selseyense, umbilical, R-64 0-2 cm., x 220.
2) Elphidium selseyense, large, PTMC 3-P-2A 36-38 cm., x 130.
3) Elphidium clavatum, small, PTMC 3-P-2A 36-38 cm., x 200.
4) Elphidium clavatum, small, PTMC-3 Archive 344-346 cm., x 200.
1 2
3 4
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Plate 4
1) Ammonia tepida, dorsal, Tangiers-5 0-2 cm., x 160.
2) Ammonia tepida, umbilical, Tangiers-5 0-2 cm., x 200.
3) Ammonia tepida, spiral view, PTXT 2-P-5 286-288 cm., x 260.
4) Ammonia tepida, umbilical view, PTXT 2-P-5 214-216 cm., x 260.
5) Ammonia tepida, umbilical view, RGPT 8/96 7-8 cm., x 130.
6) Ammonia tepida, spiral view, PTXT 2-P-5 10-12 cm., x 130.
1 2
3 4
5 6
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Plate 5-Deformed Foraminifera
All photographs are of Ammonia
1) Normal test, dorsal view, BRIS 6/97 0-10 cm., x 160.
2) Normal test, umbilical view, BRIS 6/97 0-10 cm., x 180.
3) Abnormal chamber shape, HNPT 7/96 0-10 cm., x 300.
4) Reduced-size chamber, HNPT 7/96 0-10 cm., x 260.
5) Distorted chamber shape or change in coiling direction, PTXT 2-P-5 0-10 cm., x 240.
6) Development of the high spiral face, PRCK 3-P-2 0-10 cm., x 180.
7) Non-developed test, BRIS 6/97 0-10 cm., x 130.
8) “Protruded umbilical”, HNPT 7/96 0-10 cm., x 130.
9) Distorted chamber shape or change in coiling direction, PTXT 2-P-5 0-10 cm., x 320.
See Geslin et al. 1998 for discussion of terminology of test morphological deformities.
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8
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Core: PTMC 3-P-2 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
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1 4 1 53 4 8 4 4 3 9 55 1 0 1 1 17 3 3 3 3 69 1 0 1 3 1 0 4
1 1 2 4 2 41 3 2 5 2 51 5 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 11 7 1 0 6 3 2 1 1 11 9 7 0 1 5 1 8 62 1 5 4 2 1 2 7 72 3 7 9 2 3 1 0 22 5 9 2 8 1 0 02 7 6 5 2 8 2 2 9 72 9 7 2 2 0 1 3 1 0 53 1 1 6 1 5 2 3 33 3 2 1 8 5 1 0 63 5 4 7 4 9 4 1 0 03 7 5 6 4 5 1 1 0 23 9 4 8 2 7 2 7 74 1 4 3 1 8 2 6 34 3 2 2 1 2 34 5 2 9 3 1 3 34 7 1 14 9 1 6 3 3 2 25 1 9 4 2 0 1 1 45 3 2 1 8 2 1 0 35 5 1 1 9 7 1 0 85 7 1 9 2 9 35 9 1 5 8 3 9 86 1 6 2 6 4 3 66 3 1 4 7 8 9 26 5 1 5 7 7 9 26 7 2 8 6 8 86 9 1 8 7 2 9 07 1 1 0 3 5 4 57 3 2 0 4 0 6 07 5 1 8 6 4 8 27 7 3 8 5 3 9 17 9 4 6 9 7 38 1 3 9 1 9 48 3 3 2 5 2 88 5 1 0 1 08 7 5 8 3 8 88 9 7 79 1 1 2 4 2 59 3 1 6 6 2 29 5 1 1 3 1 49 7 5 4 5 49 9 4 9 7 1 0 1
1 0 1 3 6 5 1 6 91 0 3 1 6 71 0 5 2 5 2 51 0 7 2 5 6 1 1 8 71 0 9 2 4 2 9 5 31 1 1 6 0 3 5 9 51 1 3 3 2 6 4 3 9 91 1 5 2 6 8 9 1 1 51 1 7 1 2 7 0 3 1 2 9 71 1 9 9 3 6 4 51 2 1 1 7 1 71 2 3 1 5 4 1 5 61 2 5 1 2 8 2 91 2 7 1 2 7 2 81 2 9 1 0 9 0 1 0 01 3 1 4 4 4 41 3 3 4 9 6 1 0 01 3 5 9 3 3 4 21 3 7 4 3 2 1 3 71 3 9 6 3 5 4 11 4 1 7 2 4 1 3 21 4 3 1 2 5 2 6
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
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1 4 5 6 1 1 1 71 4 7 2 5 1 2 2 3 91 4 9 01 5 1 01 5 3 2 21 5 5 1 11 5 7 4 1 1 61 5 9 01 6 1 8 81 6 3 8 1 91 6 5 3 31 6 7 6 1 71 6 9 6 1 71 7 1 2 7 2 71 7 3 4 41 7 5 2 0 1 2 11 7 7 5 51 7 9 2 1 2 11 8 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 21 8 3 4 0 4 4 41 8 5 3 9 3 91 8 7 1 2 1 21 8 9 5 2 5 21 9 1 7 6 7 61 9 3 9 8 1 1 1 1 0 11 9 5 1 0 4 1 0 41 9 7 7 6 7 61 9 9 1 0 0 1 0 02 0 1 8 2 1 6 1 9 92 0 3 1 5 6 2 2 32 0 5 6 1 72 0 7 4 42 0 9 6 6 1 5 8 12 1 1 5 52 1 3 1 4 1 42 1 5 6 3 6 32 1 7 2 9 2 92 1 9 3 7 3 72 2 1 5 3 4 7 1 1 0 12 2 3 7 3 2 4 5 1 0 22 2 5 5 2 4 2 5 3 8 42 2 7 1 7 4 3 2 42 2 9 4 1 6 4 5 1 1 02 3 1 5 1 62 3 3 4 42 3 5 8 82 3 7 4 9 1 0 1 5 7 42 3 9 2 4 2 42 4 1 1 7 1 72 4 3 8 9 1 9 02 4 5 6 62 4 7 02 4 9 5 1 3 0 8 12 5 1 9 92 5 3 1 6 1 62 5 5 8 82 5 7 9 92 5 9 1 2 1 22 6 1 5 9 4 0 1 1 0 02 6 3 7 72 6 5 2 22 6 7 1 12 6 9 1 12 7 1 2 8 8 3 62 7 3 4 42 7 5 6 62 7 7 1 12 7 9 1 12 8 1 1 12 8 3 9 3 6 9 92 8 5 2 22 8 7 2 22 8 9 2 22 9 1 1 5 1 52 9 3 8 9 1 1 1 0 02 9 5 1 12 9 7 3 3
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2 9 9 03 0 1 03 0 3 03 0 5 03 0 7 6 63 0 9 03 1 1 2 23 1 3 1 13 1 5 1 13 1 7 6 63 1 9 03 2 1 03 2 3 3 33 2 5 2 3 4 2 73 2 7 9 93 2 9 2 23 3 1 8 83 3 3 3 33 3 5 3 0 4 3 43 3 7 03 3 9 1 13 4 1 03 4 3 03 4 5 4 8 3 1 53 4 7 03 4 9 03 5 1 3 33 5 3 03 5 5 1 13 5 7 5 7 4 8 2 1 0 73 5 9 1 13 6 1 1 0 0 1 0 03 6 3 7 7 3 8 03 6 5 3 6 5 4 13 6 7 6 6 3 3 4 5 1 0 83 6 9 03 7 1 1 13 7 3 03 7 5 2 23 7 7 6 63 7 9 5 6 5 2 3 6 63 8 1 03 8 3 3 33 8 5 3 33 8 7 03 8 9 8 83 9 1 03 9 3 03 9 5 2 1 2 2 33 9 7 03 9 9 3 34 0 1 4 44 0 3 3 2 3 3 54 0 5 3 4 1 3 54 0 7 04 0 9 2 24 1 1 8 9 1 2 3 9 54 1 3 3 3 7 4 04 1 5 2 24 1 7 04 1 9 4 0 4 04 2 1 6 5 1 1 6 74 2 3 2 24 2 5 04 2 7 7 3 1 1 7 54 2 9 8 84 3 1 3 34 3 3 04 3 5 3 34 3 7 04 3 9 2 7 2 74 4 1 8 1 1 1 04 4 3 5 54 4 5 6 64 4 7 4 0 4 04 4 9 3 3
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Core: PTXT 2-G-2 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
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Am
mob
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1 8 1 2 1 16 5 1 2 1 1 8
1 1 5 1 61 6 107 3 2 1122 1 1 1 1 12 6 3 4 2 7 3 1 9 23 1 5 3 2 8 2 2 1033 6 4 7 1 7 2 4 8 84 1 101 1 7 1184 6 8 8 1 1 9 05 1 7 6 1 3 8 05 6 6 4 3 8 7 56 1 5 3 1 8 2 5 9 66 6 3 9 9 4 9 9 77 1 7 9 2 6 4 8 1537 6 5 3 2 5 3 2 1108 1 7 9 5 3 3 1178 6 9 0 3 4 1 1349 1 117 1 1 1199 6 118 118
101 100 100106 9 3 1 2 105111 102 102
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Core PTXT-2-P-5 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
Dep
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1 2 1 7 7 5 1 0 33 2 3 7 3 3 9 95 2 3 6 9 9 27 3 7 3 6 0 1 0 09 2 2 4 6 8 9 4
1 1 1 1 3 8 6 1 0 01 3 1 6 8 3 9 91 5 5 5 1 0 3 0 9 51 7 8 4 1 4 6 1 0 41 9 8 4 1 7 2 5 1 0 82 1 6 2 4 2 2 1 0 62 3 6 0 2 2 1 3 9 52 5 5 1 1 5 2 9 3 9 82 7 3 9 3 4 3 2 1 1 0 62 9 3 8 2 9 1 9 1 3 9 93 1 2 4 3 8 1 0 2 8 1 0 03 3 4 6 1 6 3 2 1 9 53 5 4 7 8 2 6 1 9 1 0 03 7 3 9 3 2 5 3 3 1 0 03 9 2 6 1 6 3 7 2 1 1 0 04 1 3 2 1 5 4 2 6 9 54 3 3 6 1 2 5 3 1 6 1 1 74 5 5 5 5 5 4 1 9 1 3 34 7 4 2 6 3 3 1 5 9 64 9 5 4 9 5 2 8 1 2 35 1 6 9 1 4 1 1 9 45 3 8 1 1 4 4 1 1 0 05 5 7 8 1 7 1 2 4 1 1 15 7 7 7 1 4 7 5 1 0 35 9 6 2 2 7 8 9 1 0 66 1 5 8 2 9 7 2 9 66 3 6 2 4 1 3 3 1 0 96 5 5 2 5 8 1 1 1 16 7 6 5 3 9 2 4 1 1 06 9 7 7 3 6 1 1 37 1 6 2 3 2 9 47 3 5 9 4 1 1 1 0 17 5 6 1 2 5 3 2 9 17 7 6 9 1 7 2 4 9 27 9 8 1 1 7 7 1 1 0 68 1 6 1 2 3 8 5 9 78 3 5 6 2 9 7 9 28 5 6 3 1 3 1 9 9 1 0 48 7 5 1 1 9 1 0 8 08 9 5 2 2 3 1 0 8 59 1 4 8 6 2 3 2 5 1 0 29 3 4 3 1 1 2 0 3 3 1 0 79 5 6 5 5 2 9 1 4 1 4 09 7 1 6 2 3 1 0 6 1 2 79 9 2 6 8 1 1 9 3 1 3 8
1 0 1 7 6 8 9 1 0 21 0 3 6 0 1 0 2 6 6 8 1 6 41 0 5 1 0 6 7 7 9 31 0 7 6 3 8 6 3 4 8 1 8 21 0 9 1 0 2 0 6 6 9 61 1 1 2 5 1 7 5 9 9 21 1 3 3 2 1 2 2 5 4 8 1 1 71 1 5 1 7 7 1 2 1 1 5 1 5 11 1 7 3 2 3 1 2 5 6 1 0 31 1 9 3 7 9 1 3 9 8 1 5 71 2 1 1 8 1 3 7 7 9 91 2 3 7 1 1 1 1 4 1 0 1 0 6
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core PTXT-2-P-5 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
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Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core PTXT-2-P-5 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
Dep
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cm)
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2 6 3 3 6 6 9 1 7 1 1 1 42 6 5 1 4 8 3 2 1 2 1 8 32 6 7 9 0 2 7 1 2 1 2 02 6 9 8 2 1 4 3 9 92 7 1 8 5 3 1 2 1 0 02 7 3 1 1 9 1 1 3 1 3 32 7 5 7 3 1 8 1 1 6 1 0 82 7 7 1 2 4 1 4 4 1 1 4 32 7 9 8 1 1 3 2 4 1 0 02 8 1 1 0 6 1 4 4 1 1 2 52 8 3 4 4 8 3 8 9 02 8 5 9 3 6 2 3 1 0 42 8 7 9 3 3 8 6 1 0 12 8 9 5 6 8 3 6 1 0 02 9 1 2 8 3 1 6 5 9 72 9 3 3 3 1 5 8 9 22 9 5 6 1 7 3 3 1 0 12 9 7 1 0 5 6 2 2 1 1 52 9 9 6 4 2 4 2 3 9 33 0 1 7 2 1 5 4 9 13 0 3 7 5 2 8 1 4 1 1 0 93 0 5 8 1 2 8 1 1 1 03 0 7 9 3 2 7 1 2 1 2 33 0 9 9 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 13 1 1 5 5 3 8 3 2 9 83 1 3 7 6 2 7 1 1 0 43 1 5 7 3 5 6 1 1 1 3 13 1 7 5 1 3 9 9 03 1 9 3 4 8 1 2 2 1 1 93 2 1 3 3 6 1 1 9 53 2 3 5 8 4 5 1 0 33 2 5 6 1 5 0 1 1 1 23 2 7 9 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 83 2 9 6 9 1 9 3 9 13 3 1 6 2 2 7 5 9 1 0 33 3 3 5 9 4 6 1 1 0 63 3 5 6 8 2 2 7 9 73 3 7 6 7 2 0 1 6 9 43 3 9 7 1 1 5 4 1 0 1 0 03 4 1 7 4 1 2 6 9 23 4 3 7 8 2 1 2 1 0 1 1 13 4 5 5 7 2 0 3 4 8 43 4 7 5 9 1 3 1 1 9 9 23 4 9 4 9 1 2 6 13 5 1 1 2 1 6 8 6 1 0 53 5 3 2 8 8 1 6 6 1 0 33 5 5 3 8 1 4 1 4 0 9 33 5 7 4 9 3 5 2 4 9 03 5 9 6 5 1 1 2 1 5 9 33 6 1 8 7 6 2 6 1 0 13 6 3 1 5 3 3 2 13 6 5 8 4 4 3 9 13 6 7 8 6 1 1 5 1 1 0 33 6 9 1 3 8 4 1 4 23 7 1 7 4 2 1 9 53 7 3 6 2 4 5 1 0 73 7 5 6 6 4 3 1 0 93 7 7 6 4 3 7 1 0 13 7 9 5 6 4 6 1 0 23 8 1 6 5 1 9 8 43 8 3 7 4 1 4 1 8 93 8 5 1 1 1 3 8 1 2 1 5 23 8 7 7 2 2 0 9 23 8 9 4 1 5 5 9 63 9 1 7 1 2 1 1 9 33 9 3 7 5 3 8 1 1 33 9 5 1 0 5 2 4 1 1 3 03 9 7 1 0 3 1 5 1 1 83 9 9 1 1 6 1 8 1 9 1 4 4
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Core: PTXT 2-G-3 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
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1 1 1 23 8 2 3 5 3 65 1 0 5 4 2 6 67 1 4 3 5 7 0 1019 5 2 0 7 5 2 102
1 1 5 3 9 5 9 0 1031 3 1 4 6 1 2 3 2 1001 5 1 0 7 8 1 1 1 1001 7 3 8 7 5 5 1001 9 1 9 0 8 1 1002 1 6 5 0 1 1 3 3 1002 3 4 4 4 6 5 0 1042 5 9 3 4 1 5 7 1012 7 4 6 1 7 5 4 1262 9 4 2 5 1 1 6 0 1003 1 1 2 8 3 7 3 7 1033 3 2 2 8 4 2 2 8 1003 5 4 2 2 1 4 1 1043 7 6 6 5 1 9 1 6 1063 9 3 6 3 2 7 1 0 1034 1 5 7 1 7 2 6 1004 3 1 0 6 4 1 0 1 6 1004 5 6 8 8 3 5 1024 7 1 9 3 1 5 1004 9 2 9 6 4 1025 1 7 6 6 8 1 9 1005 3 8 5 3 9 3 4 1045 5 3 5 7 9 3 1 1005 7 2 8 1 1 3 4 1005 9 2 6 7 2 4 1 3 1066 1 2 8 0 1 3 9 1046 3 3 9 9 2 1046 5 4 7 3 3 3 0 1106 7 1 3 2 2 4 4 4 1016 9 2 3 6 2 4 4 6 1087 1 1 4 3 3 0 2 6 1007 3 2 4 1 4 0 1 9 1027 5 3 4 1 3 2 2 4 100
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To
tal
7 7 2 2 9 2 9 4 0 1007 9 1 1 8 2 1 6 0 1008 1 2 2 0 1 0 7 3 1058 3 2 3 0 3 6 7 1028 5 4 1 6 6 7 4 1008 7 4 3 0 4 6 8 1068 9 8 3 6 6 5 7 1079 1 7 5 8 5 4 3 1139 3 3 9 5 2 6 3 6 1069 5 2 1 5 7 3 3 1 3 1069 7 5 9 8 1 2 1069 9 1 9 6 2 1 100
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: PTXT 2-P-2 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
(cm
)
E.
sels
eyen
se/e
xcav
atum
E.c
lava
tum
A.t
epid
a
Am
mob
acul
ites
To
tal
1 01 7 5 1 3 1 6 1 105111 9 3 5 6 104121 7 8 8 1 3 1 100131 7 9 8 1 7 1 105141 7 4 1 8 9 1 102151 6 0 1 2 1 4 2 8 8161 8 5 1 6 101171 8 7 9 1 9 2181 8 2 9 2 9 3191 8 8 1 1 2 101201 7 8 9 3 9 0211 7 5 4 7 9221 9 4 1 0 3 107231 6 3 5 1 3 8 1241 7 5 8 6 8 9251 7 3 4 1 3 9 0
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: PTXT 2-P-3 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
(cm
)
E.
sels
eyen
se/c
lava
tum
E.
exca
vatu
m
A.t
epid
a
Am
mob
acul
ites
To
tal
9 1 5 9 3 2 100101 7 5 1 3 1 6 1 105111 9 3 5 6 104121 7 8 8 1 3 1 100131 7 9 8 1 7 1 105141 7 4 1 8 9 1 102
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: PRCK 1-G Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
(cm
)
E.s
else
yens
e/ex
cava
tum
E.c
lava
tum
A.t
epid
a
Am
mob
acul
ites
To
tal
1 5 3 9 1 183 2826 9 1 7 331 357
1 1 1 7 2 1 2 240 2711 6 1 8 3 8 1 257 3142 1 4 9 3 6 364 4222 6 1 8 1 1 195 2243 1 1 9 152 240 4113 6 2 4 2 0 6 0 163 2674 1 5 3 1 9 4 1 313 4264 6 4 5 3 7 9 142 2335 1 2 1 35 6 7 9 1 5 2 1 9 76 1 8 4 7 1 1 9 36 6 9 0 5 9 57 1 7 6 7 8 37 6 2 9 3 3 28 1 8 4 7 9 18 6 6 0 2 6 3 8 99 1 7 7 1 7 89 6 8 1 7 1 8 9
101 9 7 2 9 9106 6 6111 0116 2 0 2 0121 2 2
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: PRCK 3-P-2 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
(cm
)
E.s
eley
ense
/exc
avat
um
E.c
lava
tum
A.t
epid
a
B.
frig
ida
To
tal
1 6 4 9 0 1003 3 0 1 9 5 8 1075 2 0 4 1 3 9 1007 6 5 2 0 1 7 1029 4 3 4 0 1 9 102
1 1 6 2 3 3 5 1001 3 4 6 5 4 2 1021 5 6 6 1 8 1 6 1001 7 3 5 4 7 1 8 1001 9 6 3 2 5 1 3 1012 1 3 1 5 5 1 5 1012 3 5 5 3 7 1 6 1082 5 3 6 2 8 3 7 1012 7 5 1 3 8 1 8 1072 9 3 6 5 5 1 0 1013 1 3 3 6 5 7 1053 3 5 9 0 5 1003 5 2 0 4 2 4 0 1023 7 2 0 1 0 2 9 5 93 9 2 0 3 7 8 1014 1 2 3 9 9 4 14 3 5 8 4 1 3 1024 5 5 3 3 7 1 0 1004 7 5 4 5 0 3 1074 9 6 5 3 5 1005 1 7 2 2 8 3 1035 3 5 7 4 0 3 1005 5 5 5 2 7 3 8 55 7 3 5 2 3 2 6 05 9 8 9 1 2 2 1036 1 9 3 5 2 1006 3 7 6 1 8 6 1006 5 7 5 1 1 1 5 1016 7 7 5 1 3 5 9 36 9 8 0 1 2 8 1007 1 9 0 8 2 1007 3 8 4 1 7 1 1027 5 7 9 1 8 3 1007 7 6 9 2 6 6 1017 9 4 9 4 5 4 9 88 1 08 3 08 5 0
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: PRCK 3-P-2 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
(cm
)
E.s
eley
ense
/exc
avat
um
E.c
lava
tum
A.t
epid
a
B.
frig
ida
To
tal
8 7 08 9 09 1 09 3 09 5 09 7 09 9 0
101 0103 0105 0107 0109 0111 0113 0115 0117 0119 0121 9 7 7 5 2 111123 8 7 4 9 100125 1 9 1 3 2 3127 5 6 2 3 6 1129 7 8 7 9 1 9 5131 2 2 4133 5 1 1 2 5 4135 8 3 1 7 100137 6 3 3 1 6 7139 6 1 3 6 3 100141 8 0 1 9 1 1 101143 8 8 1 7 1 106145 106 1 4 1 121147 107 9 2 1 119149 9 2 8 2 1 103151 8 7 9 4 100153 100 9 109155 5 7 1 5 2 7 4157 7 6 2 4 100159 8 7 1 4 1 102161 6 6 1 3 2 8 1163 7 3 8 8 1165 5 2 1 5 6 3 7 6167 1 5 1 5 2 3 2169 7 1 7 2 2 8 2171 9 3 2 5 100173 6 6 2 7 7 5175 7 5 3 1 3 8 2177 3 3179 9 1 8 1 100181 3 8 3 4 4 5183 3 3 2 1 3 6
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: PRCK 3-P-2 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
(cm
)
E.s
eley
ense
/exc
avat
um
E.c
lava
tum
A.t
epid
a
B.
frig
ida
To
tal
1 85 9 4 6 2 102187 9 0 3 9 3189 1 6 2 9 2 7191 8 6 1 1 1 8 9193 9 7 4 2 103195 9 6 1 9 7197 8 7 2 1 9 0199 7 4 1 7 5201 5 1 1 5 2203 9 5 5 100205 9 0 1 0 100207 9 3 7 100209 8 8 1 2 100211 8 6 1 4 100213 7 9 1 9 2 100215 8 1 1 7 2 100217 9 2 7 1 100219 8 1 2 3 1 105221 7 7 2 3 100223 5 8 4 2 100225 7 5 2 5 100227 7 9 2 1 100229 104 3 4 138231 0233 6 1 6 1235 109 109237 8 1 1 7 3 101239 0241 0243 0245 0247 0249 0251 0253 0255 0257 0259 1 1261 3 3263 0265 0267 1 1269 0271 0273 0275 0277 0279 0281 0
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: PRCK 3-P-2 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
(cm
)
E.s
eley
ense
/exc
avat
um
E.c
lava
tum
A.t
epid
a
B.
frig
ida
To
tal
2 83 0285 0287 1 1289 1 8 1 8291 107 1 108293 9 9 1 100295 100 100297 9 0 5 9 5299 8 4 1 6 100301 3 4 3 4303 3 7 3 7305 7 4 1 8 1 9 3307 9 8 2 100309 9 4 7 101311 9 8 2 100313 6 3 3 3 2 2 100315 7 8 1 4 2 1 9 5317 2 8 7 2 100319 6 8 3 2 100321 4 8 5 2 100323 7 2 2 7 1 100325 9 2 6 2 100327 8 5 1 4 1 100329 8 1 1 9 1 101331 7 6 2 2 1 1 100333 6 6 3 1 3 100335 9 7 3 100337 7 4 2 6 100339 6 5 3 5 100341 6 8 4 3 1 112343 2 9 7 1 100345 5 5 4 9 104347 8 6 1 8 104349 7 9 3 7 116351 9 7 4 3 104353 9 5 2 1 2 100355 9 7 4 1 102357 8 1 1 9 100359 8 6 1 0 3 1 100361 9 6 4 100363 9 7 2 1 100365 9 2 8 100367 9 7 4 1 102369 7 5 2 4 1 100
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: AZM 3 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
(cm
)
E.s
else
yens
e/ex
cava
tum
E.c
lava
tum
A.t
epid
a
Am
mob
acul
ites
To
tal
1 0 2 7 4 8 2 5 1001 5 3 9 2 8 1032 0 1 3 6 8 2 4 1052 5 8 8 1 1 1 1004 0 1 0 9 0 1005 0 1 9 8 4 1 1046 0 2 7 6 5 8 1007 0 9 104 1 1148 0 3 1 7 0 1019 0 3 1 5 3 8 8 100
100 8 3 1 2 6 3 104110 7 2 2 3 5 2 102120 6 8 1 5 9 8 100130 3 7 2 7 3 4 5 103140 8 0 1 8 9 2 109150 3 4 6 5 1 100160 7 9 1 1 6 4 100170 9 4 1 0 6 110180 8 2 1 2 8 102190 8 5 1 1 4 5 105200 7 2 1 5 1 2 1 100210 8 5 2 0 1 1 5 121220 6 2 3 8 3 103230 7 4 1 5 1 1 2 102240 2 7 1 2 3 0250 110 2 112
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: Broomes Island 6/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
(cm
)
Elp
hidi
um
Am
mon
ia
Am
mob
acul
ites
Mili
amm
ina
To
tal
0 .5 8 4 6 1 0 1001.5 9 7 1 62.5 1 1 23.5 1 14.5 05.5 1 16.5 1 0 9 0 1007.5 1 2 8 8 1008.5 3 7 7 4 1 1129.5 3 3 6 5 2 100
10.5 4 4 5 5 4 10311.5 2 9 6 5 1 0 10412.5 8 2 1 8 10013.5 1 6 4 1 114.5 9 4 6 1 915.5 1 0 4 1 1 4 316.5 5 3 3 1 117.5 2 218.5 8 1 1 1 2 019.5 2 1 3
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: Broomes Island 7/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
Dep
th (
cm)
Elp
hidi
um
Am
mon
ia
Am
mob
acul
ites
Mili
amm
ina
To
tal
0 .5 2 102 1 2 3 1192.5 109 7 2 1184.5 9 0 1 2 2 1046.5 1 101 3 1058.5 1 4 7 2 2 0 3 109
10.5 3 2 1 5 5 0 6 10312.5 3 2 1 5 5 6 1 10414.5 1 2 3 9 3 1 10916.5 1 4 3 8 2 2 101
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: Marsh Point 7/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
(cm
)
Elp
hidi
um
Am
mon
ia
Am
mob
acul
ites
To
tal
0 .5 8 6 2 8 82.5 5 4 5 44.5 1 5 1 56.5 7 78.5 2 8 2 810.5 1 2 3 1 512.5 1 0 5 1 514.5 2 3 4 1 3 4 916.5 1 1 9 8 2 818.5 5 6 8 3 7 620.5 6 6 0 7 7 322.5 1 7 7 2 3 9 224.5 1 6 2 4 4 4 4
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: Point No Point 7/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
(cm
)
Elp
hidi
um
Am
mon
ia
Am
mob
acul
ites
Mili
amm
ina
To
tal
0 .5 2 4 3 1 2 82.5 4 4 9 5 5 84.5 8 1 9 3 1 1 5 96.5 3 4 2 1 5 2 6 28.5 4 3 5 3 9
10.5 3 8 0 1 4 9 712.5 6 2 2 1 8 314.5 8 8 6 3 9 718.5 3 6 3 6
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: R-64 7/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
(cm
)
Elp
hidi
um
sp.
Am
mon
ia t
epid
a
Am
mot
ium
sal
sum
To
tal
0 .5 1 1 22.5 04.5 1 2 36.5 1 9 1 0 6 3 58.5 9 3 2 1 2 116
10.5 129 1 1 1 14112.5 127 2 12914.5 139 13916.5 142 2 5 149
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: R-64 8/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
Elp
hidi
um
Am
mon
ia
Am
mob
acul
ites
To
tal
0 .5 01.5 02.5 1 13.5 2 24.5 05.5 06.5 1 6 2 2 3 87.5 2 8 6 9 9 78.5 1 4 6 2 09.5 2 2
10.5 011.5 2 3 4 3 3 012.5 4 3 8 5 113.5 1 0 5 1 514.5 2 215.5 016.5 1 8 1 817.5 1 7 1 1 1 918.5 3 6 2 4 4 219.5 1 120.5 100 10021.5 2 2
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: Ragged Point 7/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
Dep
th (
cm)
Elp
hidi
um
sp.
Am
mon
ia t
epid
a
Am
mot
ium
sal
sum
To
tal
1 .0 6 8 2 6 1 2 1062.5 4 7 4 6 9 34.5 5 0 5 2 1026.5 4 6 5 3 9 98.5 3 3 4 0 1 4 8 7
10.5 5 1 2 1 7 212.5 5 0 1 7 6 714.5 9 3 9 316.5 1 0 1 3 6 4 718.5 2 4 1 5 9 8 420.5 2 3 2 5 4 822.5 8 1 0 5 4 7 2
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: Ragged Point 8/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
(cm
)
Elp
hidi
um
Am
mob
acul
ites
Am
mon
ia
To
tal
0 .5 5 8 4 3 9 1011.5 1 5 5 5 7 7 72.5 1 7 5 0 3 3 1003.5 1 8 3 9 4 2 9 94.5 2 6 1 2 9 9 25.5 1 6 7 3 4 1026.5 4 8 3 7 9 47.5 4 8 4 7 6 1018.5 7 9 0 1 9 89.5 100 100
10.5 100 10011.5 4 9 6 10012.5 2 8 6 9 3 10013.5 3 1 6 9 10014.5 1 0 8 7 9 715.5 100 10016.5 100 10017.5 5 9 5 10018.5 7 9 3 10019.5 1 9 9 10020.5 4 101 10521.5 8 2 8 2
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: St. Leonard Creek 7/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
Dep
th (
cm)
Elp
hidi
um
sp.
Am
mon
ia t
epid
a
Mili
amm
ina
fusc
a (?
)
Am
mot
ium
sal
sum
Glo
bige
rinoi
des
spp.
Tex
tula
ria e
arla
ndi
(?)
To
tal
0 .5 9 6 1 1 4 1112.5 3 7 1 4 8 8 64.5 4 8 3 9 0 1416.5 5 4 5 6 9 1 1298.5 1 103 2 0 111 235
10.5 2 7 2 6 7 9 612.5 3 7 2 6 1 10014.5 1 5 6 5 3 8 10016.5 7 2 3 4 5 7 1 9 218.5 1 8 6 4 3 3 227 1 34320.5 1 1 3 5 0 6 4
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils
Core: St. Leonard Creek 8/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera
De
pth
(cm
)
Am
mob
acul
ites
Elp
hidi
um
Am
mon
ia
Mili
mm
ina
fusc
a (?
)
Tot
al
0 .5 7 1 0 4 4 7 91.5 8 4 0 1 1 1 2 1072.5 9 2 0 4 8 1043.5 7 7 0 4 1 0 9 14.5 100 0 2 3 0 1235.5 8 9 0 0 4 9 36.5 7 2 0 0 5 7 77.5 106 0 6 7 1198.5 101 0 3 2 1069.5 8 6 0 1 2 8 9
10.5 9 7 0 0 2 9 911.5 9 0 0 1 1 9 212.5 100 0 0 0 10013.5 105 0 0 2 10714.5 100 0 0 0 10015.5 101 0 0 3 10416.5 9 3 0 0 3 9 617.5 9 9 0 0 3 10218.5 9 3 0 0 4 9 719.5 100 0 0 4 10420.5 8 8 3 6 5 10221.5 9 8 0 0 3 101
Chesapeake Bay Microfossils