Chemsitry Week 6 - Honors Chemistry
Transcript of Chemsitry Week 6 - Honors Chemistry
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Chemistry Day 13
Monday, September 19, 2016
Do-Now Title: “Demo Revisited” 1. Write down today’s FLT. 2. Which subatomic particles are found in the
nucleus? 3. Which subatomic particles have insignificant
mass? 4. Explain what Rutherford discovered and how he
discovered it. 5. Do you think it’s possible to see subatomic
particles?
Finished? Take out your planner and table of contents.
Announcements • UnitTestwillcoverCh.1,13,4,and25• BacktoschoolnightthisWednesday
• Pro-talk:– WewillbeginpracDcingusingpro-talk
sentenceframesinourwriDngandoral
responses
– Usingpro-talksentenceframeswhen
parDcipaDngwillearnyou+2dojopoints
Announcements • Pro-talkexample:
– Insteadof…“Okay,we’redoingpro-talk.”– Trysaying...“WhatIhearyousayingisthatwewill
startusingpro-talkinclass.”
– Insteadof...“Mylabwasasuccessbecauselessice
melted.”
– Trysaying...“IfwelookatbothdatatablesandnotethedecreasingpercentoficemelDngwith
addiDonalclothlayers,wecanseethatthelayers
helpslowtheamountofheattransfertotheice
cube.”
Announcements • Nextcardinalcashbuybackday:Tues9/27atlunch
• Dojopoints
– Seemetotradein
– 5points:cardinalcash,pen/pencil,snack– 15points:HWstamp,planner(1)
Planner: • ToC due next week ☺ • Ch. 4 Quiz • Trade in dojo points Table of Contents #1:
20. Demo Revisited
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FLT • I will be able to identify identify the
purpose of the demo by completing video observations
Standard HS-PS1-8:Developmodelstoillustratethechangesinthecomposi@onofthenucleusoftheatomandtheenergyreleasedduringtheprocessesoffission,fusion,andradioac@vedecay
Recall • Last week, we saw a video demo • What happened in the demo? • What questions do you have?
Recall • Underneath your do-now, rewrite one
of the questions you had about the demo
Demo • We will re-watch the video with
context. • Write down notes about what is
happening.
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Demo • Review your notes with your group/
neighbors • Now, try to answer the question you
wrote down earlier.
CW • Stamps! • Read 4.3 in your textbook for our
next (and final) notes from chapter 4
Chemistry Day 14
Tuesday, September 20 – Wednesday, September 21, 2016
Do-Now Title: “BrainPOP: Atomic Model” 1. Write down today’s FLT. 2. Draw what an atom looks like according to
Democritus and Dalton 3. Draw what an atom looks like according to J.J.
Thomson 4. Draw what an atom looks like according to
Ernest Rutherford 5. Use one of the pro-talk sentence frames to tell
me something we have learned about atoms or subatomic particles.
Finished? Take out your planner and table of contents.
Announcements • ToCduebyWed9/28
• UnitTestwillcoverCh.1,13,4,and25• Backtoschoolnighttonight• Usepro-talksentenceframeswhen
youparDcipateorwritedownanswers
J
Planner: • Finish WS • Study for quiz ☺ • ToC #1 due in 1 week Table of Contents #1:
21. BrainPOP: Atomic Model 22. 4.3 Cornell Notes 23. Ch 4 WS 1
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BrainPOP:AtomicModel• WatchtheBrainPOPvideo
• A]erthevideo,answerthequesDonsinyourgroup–every
membermustcopydownthe
sameanswer
• Thegroupwiththemostcorrect
answersà+5dojopointseachhKps://www.brainpop.com/science/maKerandchemistry/atomicmodel/
FLT • I will be able to calculate the mass
number and number of neutrons in an atom by completing 4.3 Cornell Notes
Standard HS-PS1-8:Developmodelstoillustratethechangesinthecomposi@onofthenucleusoftheatomandtheenergyreleasedduringtheprocessesoffission,fusion,andradioac@vedecay
Notes Protocol • Title your notes & add assignment # • Complete Cornell-style • Copy down all bolded ideas • Noise level 0 • Raise hand to question/comment • Be prepared to pair-share-respond
4.3: Distinguishing Among Atoms
Guiding Questions • What makes elements and isotopes different? • Howcanwecalculatethenumberofneutronsinanatom?
• HowcanIcalculatetheatomicmassofanelement?
• CanIexplainwhychemistsusetheperiodictable?
Recall • Atoms of the same element are identical • Atomsarecomposedofiden@calprotons,neutrons,andelectrons
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Recall • An atom’s atomic number (Z) = the # of
protons in the nucleus. Defines element.
Recall • Elementsaredifferentbecausetheycontaindifferentnumbersofprotons"ifyouchangethenumberofprotons,youchangetheelement
Recall • Atoms are
electrically neutral • Protonshavea+1charge
• Whatbalancesthem?• Electronshavea-1charge
• Therefore,#protons=#electronsinan
atom
Mass Number • Recall:
– Protonshavearela@vemassof1
– Neutronshavearela@vemassof1
– Electronshavearela@velyinsignificantmass
Mass Number • Therefore…
– Mass#=p++n0
Nuclide p+ n0 e- Mass #
Oxygen -
10
- 33 42
- 31 15
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Shorthand Notation MassNumber
AtomicNumber
Symbol
Shorthand Notation ■ Find each of these:
a) number of protons
b) number of neutrons
c) number of electronsd) Atomic number
e) Mass Number C 14
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Shorthand Notation ■ If an element has an atomic number of
34 and a mass number of 78, what is the: a) number of protonsb) number of neutrons
c) number of electronsd) shorthand notation
Shorthand Notation ■ If an element has 91 protons and
140 neutrons what is the a) Atomic numberb) Mass number
c) number of electronsd) shorthand notation
Shorthand Notation ■ If an element has 78 electrons and
117 neutrons what is the a) Atomic numberb) Mass number
c) number of protonsd) shorthand notation
Isotopes • What was Dalton mistaken about? • Dalton was also wrong about all elements of
the same type being identical
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Isotopes • Atoms of the same element can have
different numbers of neutrons.• Thus, different mass numbers.• These are called isotopes.
Isotopes • Frederick Soddy
(1877-1956) proposed the idea of isotopes in 1912
• Isotopes = atoms of the same element having different masses, due to varying numbers of neutrons.
• Soddy won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for his work with isotopes and radioactive materials.
Isotopes
• We can also put the mass number after the name of the element: – carbon-12 – carbon-14 – uranium-235
Isotopes Isotope Protons Electrons Neutrons Nucleus
Hydrogen–1
(protium)
1
1
0
Hydrogen-2
(deuterium)
1
1
1
Hydrogen-3
(tritium)
1
1
2
Isotopes
• Elements occur in nature as mixtures of isotopes.
Atomic Mass # How heavy is an atom of oxygen?
# It depends, because there are different kinds of oxygen atoms.
# We are more concerned with the average atomic mass.
# Average atomic mass = based on the abundance (%) of each isotope in nature
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Atomic Mass • Each isotope has its own atomic
mass, thus we determine the average from percent abundance.
Calculating Atomic Mass • Multiply the atomic mass of each
isotope by it�s abundance (expressed as a decimal), then add the results.
• If not told otherwise, the mass of the isotope is expressed in atomic mass units (amu)
Atomic Masses
Isotope Symbol Composition of the nucleus
% in nature
Carbon-12 12C 6 protons 6 neutrons
98.89%
Carbon-13 13C 6 protons 7 neutrons
1.11%
Carbon-14 14C 6 protons 8 neutrons
<0.01%
Atomic mass is the average of all the naturally occurring isotopes of that element.
Carbon = 12.011
Pair-Share-Respond 1. What is Z? 2. Can atoms of the same element have
different numbers of protons? 3. Discuss all information you can
derive from the shorthand notation pictured
4. Explain how isotopes differ from one another.
5. What is meant by the term “average atomic mass”?
CW 1. Complete Ch. 4 WKS 1
2. Stamps or study Ch. 4 Chemistry
Day 14 Thursday, September 22 – Friday, September 23,
2016
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Do-Now Title: “Video Notes: Fukushima Daiichi” 1. Write down today’s FLT. 2. What is the formula we use for mass number? 3. A certain carbon atom has 8 neutrons. What is
its mass number? 4. Write out the shorthand notation for this atom. 5. What happens to an element if you change the
number of protons it has? 6. Complete the sentence frame: The evidence
from Rutherford’s experiment suggested that _____________ because ____________.
Finished? Take out your planner and table of contents.
Announcements • UnitTestwillcoverCh.1,13,4,and25• QuiztodayJ
• Usepro-talk!• Tradeinyourdojopoints!• LastdayforToC#1stampsisnext
Tuesday.
• ROCKSBuyBackDayTues@lunch
• SeaDngchartrequests?
Planner: • Get ALL stamps & turn in ToC • Read Ch. 25, Section 1 in the textbook
Table of Contents #1: 24. Video Notes: Fukushima Daiichi 25. Fukushima Daiichi Article WS
Quiz/Test Protocol
• Noiselevel0• Eyesonownpaper• Markanswersclearly• Doyourbest☺• Flipoverwhendone
FLT • I will be able to discuss the effects of
the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster by completing Fukushima Article WS
Standard HS-PS1-8:Developmodelstoillustratethechangesinthecomposi@onofthenucleusoftheatomandtheenergyreleasedduringtheprocessesoffission,fusion,andradioac@vedecay
Video Notes • Wewillwatchasegmentfroma
documentaryontheFukushima
nucleardisaster
• Asyouwatch,writedownsixthingsyoulearnfromthevideo
• Usecompletesentences• PayalenDonandlistencarefully,evenwhenyouarefinishedwithyour
videonotes
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Video Notes • Let’ssharesomeofourobservaDons
Fukushima Article • Readthear@cleabouttheFukushimaAr@cleandannotateasfollows:– Underlineimportantfacts– Star***surprisinginforma@on– Puta?nexttothingsyouhaveaques@onabout
• +dojopointsforpartnerorgroupreading• Aberyou’refinishedreading,answerthear@cleques@ons
• Finishedearly?GetstampsandquietlyreadCh.25