1. Chemotherapy and East Coast fever Vaccination Nick McHardy consultant to Bimeda AMEA

2. Parvexon Parvaquone 150mg / ml 1ml / 15kg bodyweight Intramuscular injection Repeat after 48 hours Parvexon kills Theileria schizonts and piroplasms 3. Buparvex Buparvaquone 50mg / ml 1ml / 20kg bodyweight Intramuscular injection Repeat after 48 72 hours, if necessary 4. Parvexon Plus: The drug that cures dead cattle (happy Ugandan farmer) Parvaquone 150 mg /ml Frusemide 55 mg / ml treats oedema 1 ml / 15 Kg, intramuscular injection Pulmonary oedema usually resolved in 12 days 5. Field Trial: Parvexon vs Parvexon Plus Azuba-Musoke et al and Msolla et al 6. Summary: 7. ECF - Management of Concurrent Diseases 8. ECF Drug resistance reasons to be hopeful Short exposure to drug on single occasion Parasite life cycle massive dilution Tick life cycle long interval between exposures Drug mode of action dual target But what about acaricide resistance if dipping interval is increased ? 9. Cost of ECF Drugs Inflation 1984 2014 ca 300% Therefore real cost reduction 1984 2014 = 75% 10. Treatment of ECF Diagnose early Diagnose accurately Treat promptly Treat correctly Diagnose and treat complicating conditions If recovery is slow, check diagnosis Continue to observe recovered animals 11. Continuing role for ECF drugs High incidence of ECF in unvaccinated herds Vaccination failures Adjunct to vaccination - Cases in animals presented for vaccination - Cases during vaccinations - Calves too young to be vaccinated - bought in cattle before vaccination - (few vaccine reactors) Corridor Disease ECF from buffalo 12. Immunisation vs Corridor Disease - natural exposure and treatment NEAT The Theory 1. Stop dipping 2. Allow ticks to attach and transmit CD / ECF 3. Inject Buparvex 4. Be aware of other tick-borne diseases 5. Resume dipping 6. Maintain observations, treat as necessary 13. 0 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 Y-Values Y-Values 14. Vaccinate or treat for ECF Costs 15. ECF / Corridor Disease will always be a threat ECF the three control methods