Chemistry Study Guide

1. What makes up an atom?

• Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons

2. How is an atom and element related?

• An atom is the smallest unit of an element and an element contains atoms that are all identical.

3. What is a chemical reaction and how are reactants and products involved?

• A substance is changed into one or more new substances. Reactants combine to form products.

4. What is an ionic bond?

• An ionic bond is when one ore more electrons are transferred to another atom. The change in the atoms’ charges cause the ions to be attracted.

5. What is a covalent bond?

• A covalent bond is when one or more electrons are shared.

6. What does organic chemistry mean?

• Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon and life.

7. What is the chemical formula for water?

• The chemical formula for water is H2O.

• Draw the structure of a water molecule.

8. What is polarity and explain how water is a polar molecule.

• A polar molecule has a slightly positive charge at one end and a slightly negative charge at the other end.

• Water is slightly negative around the oxygen and slightly positive near the hydrogens.

9. What is a hydrogen bond and what causes it?

• A hydrogen bond is when a hydrogen molecule is attracted to a slightly negative atom.

10. What is cohesion?

• Cohesion is when similar molecules are attracted to each other.

• Water molecules are attracted to other water molecules.

11. What is adhesion?

• Adhesion is when different molecules are attracted to each other.

• Water molecules are attracted to other molecules.

12. What is a solution?

• A solution is a mixture where a solute is dissolved in a solvent.

13. What is a solute?

• A solute is a substance the is dissolved in a solvent.

14. What is a solvent?

• A solvent is a substance that dissolves another substance.

15. What is an acid?• Acids are substances that are proton donors

(hydrogen ions) or electron acceptors • Have a pH between 0 and 7• Vinegar, Lemon Juice and stomach fluids.

16. What is a base?

• A base is a substance that is a proton acceptor (hydrogen ions) or electron donor.

• Has a pH between 7 and 14• Tums, Soap and Ammonia

17. What is a pH Scale?

• A pH scale shows how acidic or basic an substance is based on a concentration of hydrogen ions.