Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles Proton, neutron, electron.
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Transcript of Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles Proton, neutron, electron.
Chemistry Review
Name the three subatomic particles
Proton, neutron, electron
What is the charge on each subatomic particle?
Proton -- +1Neutron – 0Electron -- -1
Complete this sentence: An atom is made of_____________, while a compound is made of ____________
one particle of one elementmore than one atom
Atomic number is ______________ and mass number is ______________The number of protons
The number of protons + neutrons
Isotopes differ in
The number of neutrons
Ions differ in
The number of electrons
Use your periodic table to write the symbol, atomic number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for iodine
I53537453
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outer shell
Draw a Bohr atom for nitrogen
What makes atoms “happy”? What group are they like when they are happy?
Having a full outer shellNoble gases (group 18)
How many valence electrons in Group 15?
5
How many valence electrons do transition metals have?
number variesA Roman numeral is used to show how
many when writing the names of compounds with transition metals
What is a row of the Periodic Table called? What is a column called?
Row = periodColumn = Group or family
What is an anion? What is a cation?
Anion = negatively charged ionCation = positively charged ion
What is the charge on a nitrogen atom? How do you figure it out?
-3How many electrons it needs to get to a
full outer shell of 8
Which groups form cations?
Group 1, 2, 13All the transition metals
Which groups form anions?
Groups 15, 16, 17
Which group does not form ions at all? Why not?
Group 18, the noble gasesBecause they are already happy
How do you know how many electrons an atom will gain or lose to form its ion?
It will gain or lose the lowest number possible to form a complete outer shell
(which is usually 8 but for a few of the smaller elements it is 2, like helium)
What kind of ions form an ionic compound? What keeps the ions together?
a metal and a nonmetalThey stay together because opposite
charges attract
How do electrons move to form an ionic compound? How is that different from a covalent compound?
ionic compound: electrons are transferred
covalent compound: electrons are shared.
What kind of atoms form a covalent compound?
Nonmetals with nonmetals (and hydrogen counts as a nonmetal)
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
High melting pointDissolve in waterConduct electricity
Name this compound: BaO
Barium oxide If the first element is Group 1, 2, or 13
(or silver, cadmium, or zinc) just name it with no Roman numeral
The second element changes its name to end in -ide
Is this compound ionic or covalent? How do you know? P2O5
Covalent because it is two nonmetals
How do you name this compound?CuOcopper (II) oxide
Oxygen has a -2 charge so it has to be balanced by +2
Copper is a transition metal so its charge varies—so it gets a Roman numeral
How do you write the formula for Tin (IV) Fluoride?
SnF4
Fluorine has a -1 charge.The Roman numeral IV tells you that tin
has a +4 charge in this compoundSo to balance +4 there must be 4
fluorines of -1 each (4 x -1 = -4)
How do you name this covalent compound? C2P6
Dicarbon hexaphosphide Use a prefix chart Prefix one = subscript one (if no subscript, no
prefix) Name element one Prefix two = subscript two Name second element but change ending to -
ide
Write the formula for this compound: hexasulfur monoxide
S6O
Don’t write the subscript 1!
How many elements are in this compound? How many atoms?
Ca2(NO3)2
3 elements: Ca, N, OYou can tell because there are 3 capital
letters2 Ca, 2N (why?), 6 O (why?) = 10 atoms
How do you prove a chemical reaction has taken place?
Do a chemical analysis to show that a new product has been formed
What is an aqueous solution? What kind of compounds form an aqueous solution?
Aqueous = dissolved in water Ionic compounds dissolve in water to
form aqueous solutions
What are the substances to the left of the arrow called in a chemical reaction? The substances to the right of the arrow?Left = reactants
Right = products
How do you know if there is more than one reactant or product?
There will be a plus sign
Which two types of chemical reactions are opposites of each other?
Synthesis and decomposition
Which type of reaction always has CO2 and H2O as products?
Combustion
What type of chemical reaction exchanges ions in two compounds to form two new compounds?
Double replacement
Which type of reaction is this?Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2 Single replacementBecause an element and a compound
switch ions instead of two compounds
What type of reaction is this?Ba(OH)2 BaO + H2O
DecompositionOnly one compound left of the arrow